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Phenolic Compounds from Urtica urens Growing in Georgia
... U. urens L. is one species of 3 genera grows in Egypt as wild weeds in the cultivated lands, around the River Nile, Mediterranean regions and Isthemic desert 3 . This plant is a rich source of phenolic compounds 4 . It is widely used as folk medicine 5 and exhibited anti-nociceptive 6 , antioxidant 7 and hepatoprotective effects 8 . ...
... ether and the polarity were increased using methylene chloride then methanol to afford 8 fractions (fr. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Methylene chloride fraction (6 g) was chromatographed on silica gel column (ϕ 3.5 × 46 cm, 240 g) using CH2Cl2 -MeOH gradient elution to afford 7 fractions. Fr. 4 eluted with (CH2Cl2:MeOH = 96:4), 688 mg was further chromatographed using silica gel column (ϕ 24 × 2.5 cm, 27 g) by gradient elution using CH2Cl2 -MeOH to afford 4 subfractions (fr. ...
Phytochemical investigation of Urtica urens L. aerial parts resulted in isolation of kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnoside (kaempferitrin), tryptophan and adenosine for the first time from this species; in addition to β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, scopoletin, quercetin and succinic acid. The chemical structure of the compounds was determined using different spectroscopic techniques including UV, IR, EI-MS, 1 HNMR and 13 CNMR. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-hyperglycemic activities of Urtica urens L. family Urticaceae were investigated. By using DPPH radical scavenging method and quercetin as standard antioxidant compound, the methanol extract of the aerial parts showed a significant antioxidant activity. Cytotoxic activity using SRB assay method was carried out on the total methanol extract in addition to four different fractions (petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) against four different cell lines. The ethyl acetate and the n-butanol fractions have the highest cytotoxic activity against HEPG2 and PC3 cell lines with percent inhibition 74% and 87% respectively in the single dose experiment. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction is more potent than doxorubicin against HEPG2 cell line and the n-butanol fraction is less potent than doxorubicin against PC3 cell line. Urtica urens L. aerial parts methanol extract showed anti-diabetic activity and improved other biochemical and histopathological parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to glibenclamide as standard.
The leaves of Urtica urens L. (dwarf nettle, Uu) and Urtica dioica L. (Ud) are included in the European Pharmacopoeia 7th edition, as a monograph called Urticae folium (collective drug), and both are traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus. The insufficient data regarding the chemical composition of Uu leaves led us to approach their research, and that of Ud (harvested in the same period of growth), in order to select the highest quality raw material for obtaining pharmacologically active vegetal extracts. The phytochemical analysis consisted in: specific reactions, in order to identify the main active substances; spectrophotometric methods to quantify phenolcarboxylic acids, flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, tannins, carotenoids and sterols; chromatographic analysis HPLC/UV and HPLC/MS to identify and quantify phenolcarboxylic acids and flavonoids, respectively sterols. Sterols and phenolcarboxylic acids are the main active substances in both nettle species, but higher quantities are found in Ud. The carotenoids content is low. The chromatographic results indicated, for both species, the presence of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Rutin and ergosterol were present only in Ud, and campesterol only in Uu. Of these, sterols are known as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (can lower blood glucose), and phenolcarboxylic acids as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMGCoA) inhibitors (may act as hypocholesterolaemic agents). © 2015, Romanian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.
The chemical study of Roldana platanifolia led to the isolation of beta-caryophyllene, five eremophilanolides, chlorogenic acid, and a mixture of beta-sitosterol-stigmasterol, beta-sitosteryl glucopyranoside, and sucrose. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts and isolated products were tested using the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) model of induced acute inflammation. The acetone and methanol extracts showed dose dependent activities (ID50 0.21 and 0.32 mg/ear, respectively), while none of the isolated compounds exhibited relevant edema inhibition. The active extracts were also evaluated with the myeloperoxidase assay technique (MPO) to determine their ability to prevent neutrophil infiltration. Results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity was related to the compound's ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators such as neutrophils.
Literature on the application, chemical composition, and standardization of nettle (Urtica) raw material and related medicinal plant preparations is reviewed.
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