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Suppression of Cell Growth by Platinum Nanocolloids as Scavengers against Reactive Oxygen Species
Abstract
Electrolysed-reduced water (ERW) contained Platinum nanocolloids (PtNCs) of 1–10 nm, suggesting that PtNCs in ERW functioned as active hydrogen donors and scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed that synthesized PtNCs of about 2 nm scavenged superoxide anion radicals and DPPH radicals. Synthesized PtNCs scavenged intracellular ROS and suppressed the growth of human leukemia K562 cells.
... It suppresses tumor angiogenesis by scavenging intracellular ROS and suppressing the gene expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (45). ERW suppresses the growth of cancer cells and microorganisms (46,47) and induces apoptosis together with glutathione in human leukemia HL60 cells (48). Hydrogenenriched water suppresses the side effects of anti-cancer drugs (1). ...
Abstract
Functional water science has gained attention recently in response to its physiological functions, health-promoting effects and disease prevention, especially on oxidative-stress-related diseases such as diabetes, cancer, arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases and side effects of hemodialysis. It has been proposed that in the case of naturally or electrochemically reduced water, the active agents are atomic or molecular hydrogen, mineral nanoparticles and mineral nanoparticle hydrides. Studies investigating functional qualities of functional mineral water or functional coherent mineral water in healthy humans suggest a capacity to maintain or restore physiological self-regulation to reduce variability accompanying a constant “steady state” condition, and/or propose the presence of fractal nonlinear mechanisms and long-range power-law correlations involved in physiological control and complex signaling networks to maintain homeostasis. The functional coherency of a mineral water aligns a nonlinear quantum coherent regime of physiological water as an important factor in the emergence of self-organization and self-consistency of the living organism, exclusively providing a mechanism for physiological non-locality. Formation of a super-coherent biological plasma-like physiological water is considered one of the most important characteristics of a healthy physiological state. Supplemen-tation with a dietary volume of functional deep ocean mineral water, as a primordial source of nutritional minerals and trace elements, shows consistent anti-atherogenic effects, inhibition of atherosclerosis progression, and improved recovery from exhaustive physical fatigue with elimination of post-exercise oxidative damage.
Keywords: Functional water, clinical studies, self-regulation, non-local effects
... It suppresses tumor angiogenesis by scavenging intracellular ROS and suppressing the gene expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (Ye et al., 2008). ERW suppresses the growth of cancer cells and microorganisms (Hamasaki et al., 2005; Komatsu et al., 2001) and induces apoptosis together with glutathione in human leukemia HL60 cells (Tsai et al., 2009). ERW induces differentiation of K562 cells to megakaryocytes (Komatsu et al., 2003), and when supplemented with Pt nanoparticles, it strongly suppresses the two step transformation of NIH3T3 cells by a carcinogen (Nishikawa et al., 2005). ...
Cell signaling is part of a complex system of communication that governs
basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly
respond to their microenvironment is the basis of development, tissue repair, and immunity as well as
normal tissue homeostasis.
... It suppresses tumor angiogenesis by scavenging intracellular ROS and suppressing the gene expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor [24]. ERW suppresses the growth of cancer cells and microorganisms [25,26] and induces apoptosis together with glutathione in human leukemia HL60 cells [27]. ERW induces differentiation of K562 cells to megakaryocytes [28], and when supplemented with Pt nanoparticles, it strongly suppresses the two step transformation of NIH3T3 cells by a carcinogen [29]. ...
This review article have provided molecular insights into how functional characteristics that could be involved in cancer mechanisms. There was an attempt of treating cancer patient dogs (Leukemia and Prostate) with the help of Electro-chemical activated water (ECA-solutions). The attempts were revealed 100 % curing success. It could be, though, that the mutations contribute to the carcinogenic process by impairing the function of the respiratory chain. Reactive oxygen species (ROS} play role in progenitor activation, signaling and escaping apoptosis cells, and genetic damage. There is evidence that the cell's loss of electron-donor properties is followed by its transfer into ontogenesis. ECA and ERW (Electrically Reduced Water)-solutions on cellular level adjust electron-donor and receptor properties of the cell, directly affect organoids and intracellular molecular complexes, leading to repairing the expression and cell signals. Action of ECA and ERW-solutions prevent ontogenesis, suppresses tumor angiogenesis by scavenging intracellular ROS and suppressing the gene expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor.
Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) supresses the development of the diseases caused by oxidative stress such as diabetes, cancer, arteriosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. It also prevents the side effects caused by hemodialysis and anti-cancer drugs. The active species in this water are hydrogen molecules and atoms. The antioxidant, antiapoptic, and anti-inflammatory properties of HRW come from the presence of the active hydrogen atoms. They scavenge for reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative stress-related diseases. The mechanism through which the scavenging of ROS occurs is not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious when administering HRW to patients.
In Japan, research on functional water, especially on reduced water, is developing at a rapid pace. Reduced water such as electrochemically reduced water and natural reduced water can scavenge reactive oxygen species in cultured cells. Reduced waters are expected to have preventive and positive effects on oxidative stress-related diseases such as diabetes, cancer, arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and side effects of hemodialysis. It has been suggested that the active agents in reduced water are hydrogen (atoms and molecules), mineral nanoparticles, and mineral nanoparticle hydrides.
Mono- and bimetallic colloidal particles have gained increasing attention in science and application throughout the last several years. In this contribution, we present a synopsis of the wet chemical syntheses of these materials and survey potential applications in catalysis and materials science. Methods for the characterization of these particles and their surfaces are not reviewed here.
Active oxygen species or free radicals are considered to cause extensive oxidative damage to biological macromolecules, which brings about a variety of diseases as well as aging. The ideal scavenger for active oxygen should be 'active hydrogen'. 'Active hydrogen' can be produced in reduced water near the cathode during electrolysis of water. Reduced water exhibits high pH, low dissolved oxygen (DO), extremely high dissolved molecular hydrogen (DH), and extremely negative redox potential (RP) values. Strongly electrolyzed-reduced water, as well as ascorbic acid, (+)-catechin and tannic acid, completely scavenged O.-2 produced by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XOD) system in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of reduced water is stable at 4 degrees C for over a month and was not lost even after neutralization, repeated freezing and melting, deflation with sonication, vigorous mixing, boiling, repeated filtration, or closed autoclaving, but was lost by opened autoclaving or by closed autoclaving in the presence of tungsten trioxide which efficiently adsorbs active atomic hydrogen. Water bubbled with hydrogen gas exhibited low DO, extremely high DH and extremely low RP values, as does reduced water, but it has no SOD-like activity. These results suggest that the SOD-like activity of reduced water is not due to the dissolved molecular hydrogen but due to the dissolved atomic hydrogen (active hydrogen). Although SOD accumulated H2O2 when added to the HX-XOD system, reduced water decreased the amount of H2O2 produced by XOD. Reduced water, as well as catalase and ascorbic acid, could directly scavenge H2O2. Reduce water suppresses single-strand breakage of DNA b active oxygen species produced by the Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbic acid in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that reduced water can scavenge not only O2.- and H2O2, but also 1O2 and .OH.
Nanoscopic metal particles - synthetic methods and potential applications
- Helmut Ryan
- B Helmut