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Synthesis and optimization approach for integrated solar combined cycle systems based on pinch technology. Part II. Heat exchanger network

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Abstract

Steam production units (HRSG and HSSG) of ISCCS include several heat exchangers (economizers, evaporator, superheater, reheaters, etc.). The knowledge of the extended composites as a function of the solar input, allows the determination of the most critical zones for heat transfer but does not allow, in itself, the full knowledge of the real streams needed to be able to design an optimum heat exchanger network. The procedure proposed in this paper permits, from: so called interaction factors which characterize the interdependancy between streams, the determination of the massflows in each stream. The choice of the best heat exchanger network must respected, for each set of operational conditions, the optimum evaporation levels (including pressures and temperatures) determined in part I, as well as the particular practical operational factors (independence or not between the various heat recovery units, etc.). The network design is performed using the standard guidelines of pinch technology (respect of the minimum pinch Delta T-min for each heat exchanger close to the pinch temperature, separate design of the zone above and below the pinch temperature, etc.). The respect of the Delta T-min in the critical zones of heat transfer requires the use of stream splitting and the network includes heat exchanger tubes which are interlaced at the same level of the stack. One example of the best performing powerplant designed on the basis of this approach is given. (C) Elsevier, Paris.

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... In an industrial context, some of the earlier works focused on the integration of solar energy within hybrid solar-fuel power stations. An example can be given with the works on pressure level selection [202] and apply PA to the HI of the system for maximising the energy performance [203]. Another work integrating solar thermal heat into an industrial process on the example of a dairy plant [204]. ...
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The emergence of Pinch Analysis from more than four decades ago opened a new area of intense research development that has even accelerated in recent years. Initially, Pinch Analysis (PA) provided a systematic thermodynamic-based approach to address the need for large energy savings around the 1970s oil crises. Since inception, the Pinch Methodology (PM) has flourished considerably, finding meaningful application to a wide range of industrial, regional, and global challenges well beyond heat – it’s most well-known and first application. This review represents an attempt to identify and substantiate future directions of research for the most significant implementations of Pinch Methodology. Reported applications in the literature range from Heat Integration, Total Site and Water Integration through to Emergy and even Financial Investment Planning; cutting across multiple engineering fields – Mechanical, Chemical, Process, Power, and Environmental Engineering – as well as entering the research domains of Management and Finance. Key findings of this review include: (1) the need for more awareness within the engineering and science research communities of the latest and continuing developments of the Pinch Methodology; (2) a need for complete tool sets covering targeting through to engineering design for many of the Pinch Methodology applications; and, (3) the full benefits of Pinch Methodology can only be achieved in developing design solutions with an appreciation for the most recent developments.
Article
At present time and in the medium term, Solar Thermal Power Plants are going to share scenario with conventional energy generation technologies, like fossil and nuclear. In such a context, Integrated Solar Combined Cycles (ISCCs) may be an interesting choice since integrated designs may lead to a very efficient use of the solar and fossil resources.In this work, different ISCC configurations including a solar field based on parabolic trough collectors and working with the so-called Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) and Direct Steam Generation (DSG) technologies are compared. For each technology, four layouts have been studied: one in which solar heat is used to evaporate part of the high pressure steam of a bottoming Rankine cycle with two pressure levels, another that incorporates a preheating section to the previous layout, the third one that includes superheating instead of preheating and the last one including both preheating and superheating in addition to the evaporation. The analysis is made with the aim of finding out which of the different layouts reaches the best performance.For that purpose, three types of comparisons have been performed. The first one assesses the benefits of including a solar steam production fixed at 50 MWth. The second one compares the configurations with a standardised solar field size instead of a fixed solar steam production. Finally, the last one consists on an even more homogeneous comparison considering the same steam generator size for all the configurations as well as standardised solar fields.The configurations are studied by mean of exergy analyses. Several figures of merit are used to correctly assess the configurations. Results reveal that the only-evaporative DSG configuration becomes the best choice, since it benefits of both low irreversibility at the heat recovery steam generator and high thermal efficiency in the solar field.
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