No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Ingress Protection code explained
Abstract
Heinz P. Bloch takes a look at the often-misunderstood Ingress Protection code, devised to classify the degrees of protection for an enclosure from dust, water and impact.
... Adapun LED yang digunakan dalam lampu U-LED ini juga sangat baik dan bersertifikat IP 68, IP merupakan (ingress protection) atau ada yang menyebutnya International Protection adalah sebuah kode yang diikuti dua digit angka dibelakangnya (kadang diikuti satu atau dua huruf tambahan) untuk menggambarkan kemampuan proteksi barang dari gangguan atau pengaruh dari luar, adapun digit pertama, menunjukkan tingkat proteksi produk terhadap benda padat termasuk proteksi terhadap di bagian berbahaya, kode 6 menunjukkan debu tidak dapat masuk sama sekali. Digit kedua, menunjukan tingkat proteksi produk terhadap liquid atau benda cair dan kode 8 menunjukkan terlindung dari rendaman air setidaknya 1 meter air atau lebih, yang mempunyai tekanan secara menyeluruh dalam jangka waktu tertentu, dapat (Bloch, 2009). Maka dari itu selama pengamatan, kondisi lampu tersebut tidak mengalami pengkaratan dan pencahayaan tetap stabil walaupun telah dilakukan perendaman dalam waktu cukup lama sekitar 10 jam setiap tripnya, dan saat terjadi arus kencang atau berombak yang membuat lampu terombang ambing, kondisi lampu tetap dalam kondisi yang baik dan tidak terjadi kerusakan. ...
Penellitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi jenis jumlah hasil tangkapan dan frekuensi kemunculan ikan serta responsivitas ikan terhadap lampu dan ketahanan lampu Underwater Light Emitting Diode (U-LED) 75 watt warna hijau. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2023 dengan mengikuti satu unit bagan tancap sebanyak 30 trip. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi jenis hasil tangkapan selama 30 trip sebanyak 14 spesies dengan jumlah hasil tangkapan sebanyak 759,4 kg. Jenis ikan dominan yaitu tembang (Sardinella fimbriata), cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.), peperek (Leiognathus equulus), selar kuning (Selaroides leptolepis) dan selar como (Atule mate) dengan komposisi jenis masing-masing secara berurut 21,4%, 20,8%, 14,2%, 8,7% dan 7,3% dengan frekuensi kemunculan jenis ikan hasil tangkapan tertinggi yakni Ikan tembang dan cumi-cumi 100%, peperek dan selar kuning 83%. Lampu Underwater LED berwarna hijau 75 watt, selama penelitian memiliki ketahanan pencahayaan dan kondisi yang baik serta mampu menarik respon ikan dari berbagai jenis. Jenis ikan yang paling responsif yaitu tembang 100%, dan cumi-cumi dengan responsivitas sebesar 97%.
... The IP rating is the level of protection rating given to the electrical enclosure to strengthen the durability of an electrical device and to secure it from dust and water Ingress Bloch (2009). In an environment where dust or water could damage 5 electrical components, a sealed enclosure is used to avoid any such damage to the equipment. ...
Identifying the various critical zones in the pharmaceutical industry, various protection to the electrical instruments / equipment’s and the ingress protection enclosures class based on the international standards are presented. Collecting the flammability data based on the MSDS. Classifying the various location in the form of various zones by using different international standards. Application of various ATEX standards, Temperature class and ingress protection for the different equipment’s. In the pharmaceutical industry the zone 1, zone 2, zone 21 and zone 22 were classified as four, two, three, and two locations. The VOC concentration were highest in the clean room was 8 ppm during the monitoring. The ATEX standard Ex d, Ex e, Ex I, Ex n and Ex p were used in various zones for different instruments or electrical equipment’s. Temperature class 400 o C, T2 was highest inside the boiler. Ingress protection class of IP65, IP66 and IP67 enclosures are used for the various equipment’s.
... Every measurement node located in the conveyor must have at least an IP66 protection. This means that dust particles under 50 µm (reference [31] defines the particle dimensions for the corresponding protection factors) and any directional thrown water should not ingress the devices [32]. ...
Data collection is one of the most relevant topics of modern automation and industry. It is usually a costly and time-consuming task, especially in continuous processes. Our case study takes place in a sugar cane mill. The required continuous operation of a belt conveyor for bagasse transportation makes it a critical system in the overall production process. Therefore, a predictive maintenance tool is highly applicable here. We identified bearing housings as critical points for data collection intended for prognostics of the conveyor. However, given the number of points, the cost of a commercial solution becomes unfeasible by our company. This paper reports the development of low-cost devices for measurements and wireless transmission of vibration and temperature data from bearing housings. We assessed several sensor options and made decisions based on a cost-suitability commitment, which led to the design of the electronic devices. The devices were tested for correct operation, reliability (99%), and relative measurement errors under 1.2%. From the tests, we conclude that our proposal is appropriate for our case study’s industrial needs and budget restrictions.
... The tools have two digits; the first digit represents the level of water and the second digit represents the level of dust. The high number is, the more protection has, while the lowers indicates minimum [27,28]. ...
Currently, the extensive use of energy generation based on fossil produced an excessive amount of CO 2 emissions which affect the environment. If this continuous, the atmosphere temperature is expected to increase, which increase storms, hurricanes, droughts, and floods. Therefore, Urgent action is needed nowadays to change the energy system to renewable energy since it results in a little to no emission. This paper presents the design and simulation of a solar PV grid-connected electricity generation system of 100MW capacity in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU). It also represents technical, economic potential, and annual performance of the solar PV system. The design is validated and simulated by using PVSYST software in order to determine the optimum size, the specifications of the PV grid-connected system, and the electrical power generation. The amount of electricity that a solar PV plant generates is 100 MW. This amount could be used to reduce the load of Saudi electricity company (SEC) and help to minimize the annual electricity bill of Umm Al-Qura University (UQU). The study provides an abridged financial evaluation of the solar PV plant along with the operation and maintenance costs. The results of this project should encourage Umm Al-Qura University to decide on installing a solar PV system to reduce load shedding and minimize the cost of supplying electricity to its facilitates. Moreover, the solar power plant helps to conserve oil and reduce environmental impacts. A project like this can also act as a guideline for possible solar systems in other different institutions.
... The degree of protection offered by a device is typically indicated by an IP (Ingress Protection) code from IEC standard 60529. An IP rate typically has two digits [8]. The first digit refers to the ingress protection against solids. ...
Most modern smartphones are equipped with a barometer to sample air pressure. Accessing these samples is deemed harmless, hence does not require any permission. In this work, we show, however, that these samples can reveal sensitive information in smartphones with ingress protection. For the first time, it is shown that barometer samples, even at a low rate of 25 Hz, can leak information about the smartphone's speaker activity. Specifically, we use these samples to detect with high accuracy (>= 95%) whether the smartphone's speaker is silent or playing a sound such as a ringtone. In addition, we use the samples to detect the activity of an external speaker. Finally, we show that low-rate barometer samples can be used to 1) detect touchscreen finger taps with 100% accuracy, and 2) gain information about the positions of finger taps.
Using Malliavin calculus, we derive under the forward probability measure Ito's formula for anticipating processes in the multi-dimensional case. We use it when the instantaneous volatility, the spot rate and the dividend yield of the stock price are Markov processes to approximate solutions of the Black type to the prices of call options as well as binary options. The stochastic dividend yield makes it possible to consider the pricing of contingent claims not only in the equity market but also in the commodities, fixed income and forex markets. We then derive the Greeks of the model, which will be used for the risk management of the exotic products, and approximate the implied volatility surface induced by the model. Copyright © 2010 Wilmott Magazine Ltd.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.