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NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS, VII, PERO , NEPYTIA , CARIPETA (LEPIDOPTERA, GEOMETRIDAE)
The immature stages of five Canadian species of Pero Herrich-Schaeffer are described. These species arc P. bebrensarius Packard, P. bonestarim Walker, P. mizon Ritidge, P. morrisonaius Henry Edwards, and P. occidentalis pnckardi Cassino and Swett. Three colour patterns have been noted in the larvae of P. mizon and P. morrisovarius but only nne in each of P. behreniarius, P. bonestarius and P. occidtmtalis packardi. Brief accounts of the life histories and habits of the species are presented together with a key to the mature larvae.
Although many forest insects feed in or on trees, a larger number live on the shrubs and herbs of the forest floor. The shrub and herb feeders should not be overlooked since they comprise an important part of the fauna and may serve as reservoir hosts of parasites of the more destructive forest insects. Some larvae of the genus
Itame
are tree feeders but many of them feed on shrubs. These larvae are frequently collected within the Boreal Zone of Canada. As no means for the identification of the larvae could be found in the literature this paper was written. It consists of an account of the life history and external morphology of the larvae of the genus, a key to separate the mature larvae and descriptions of ten species. These species are:
I. ribearia
(Fitch),
I. evagaria
(Hlst.),
I. brunneata
(Thunb.),
I. andersoni
Swett,
I. occiduaria
(Pack.),
I. anataria
(Swett),
I. exauspicata
(Wlk.),
I. bitactata
(Wlk.),
I. denticulodes
(Hlst.), and
I. decorata
(Hlst.). Studies of the first four species are based on material obtained on loans and studies of the other species were made on material reared by the Forest Insect Survey of the Forest Zoology Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta.
The life histories of many of the Geometridae are not well known; those of a few economic species in the Ennominae have been worked out but many more remain to be studied. Life-history notes on the following seven species are presented: Semiothisa granitata Gn., S. sexmaculata Pack., Eufidonia discospilata Wlk., Melanolophia canadaria Gn., Campaea perlata Gn., Selenia alciphearia Wlk., and Caripeta divisata Wlk. The larvae of all these have been described; those of Selenia and Campaea were described by Dyar (1899 and 1903) and the remainder by McGuffin (1943a, 1943b, 1944, 1945, and 1947).
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