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The Weight Reduction Effect of Yeast Hydrolysate-SR101 on Female College Students

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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the weight reduction effect of yeast hydrolysate-SR101. Thirty female college students participated in a 6 week weight control program. All subjects were randomly assigned to either the placebo group, YH-SR101 (yeast hydrolysate-SR101) group, or eX diet (product of yeast hydrolysate-SR101) group. The mean energy intake of the placebo group was 1445.2364.0 kcal (carbohydrate: 60.1%, protein: 25.6%, fat: 14.3%), while those of the YH-SR101 and the eX diet group were 1505.6296.2 kcal (carbohydrate: 60.5%, protein: 22.2%, fat: 14.8%) and 1353.8326.3 kcal (carbohydrate: 63.2%, protein: 20.9%, fat: 15.9%), respectively. The placebo group lost 0.191.14 kg of body weight, while the treatment groups (YH-SR101 and eX diet) lost 1.130.83 and 1.540.74 kg of body weight, respectively. There were significant differences in the decrease in body weight between the placebo and the treatment group (p

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... Recently, YH has gained a large and growing dietary market as a useful anti-obesity supplement (4,5). It was reported that YH could assist in weight loss in obese humans (5)(6)(7). ...
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... In a human study (Jung et al. 2008), YH resulted in a greater reduction in body weight of obese young women compared with that in a placebo group, and the reduction in body circumference was also slightly greater in a YH group than that in a placebo group, supporting the anti-obesity hypothesis of YH. In another clinical study (Jung et al. 2009b), a significant difference was observed in the decrease in body weight between a placebo and YH group, and waist size reduction in the YH group differed significantly when compared with that of the placebo. Therefore, YH may lead to reductions in body weight and girth in dogs. ...
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Kim, J. H., Jung, E. Y., Hong, Y. H., Bae, S. H., Kim, J. M., Noh, D. O., Nozaki, T., Inoue, T. and Suh, H. J. 2012. Short Communication: Pet foods with yeast hydrolysate can reduce body weight and increase girth in beagle dogs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 207–210. Beagle dogs fed pet foods that included yeast hydrolysate (YH) were used in the present study to assess the possible use of YH as a functional anti-obesity ingredient in pet food. The change in weight and girth in the YH groups was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in the control. Plasma malondialdehyde was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the YH groups compared with that in the control. Plasma levels of the reduced form of glutathione were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the YH groups than those in the control. Therefore, YH could be recommended as an anti-obesity functional feed source for dogs.
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Assessment of determinants for relatively successful weight maintenance in women after diet-induced weight reduction. Subjects followed two weight cycles over two years, each cycle starting with a Very Low Energy Diet (VLED) (2.8 MJ/d), in a free-living situation. They completed the Herman Polivy Restraint Questionnaire and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire twice, that is, before and during the first VLED. Twenty seven obese women, body mass index (BMI) (28-38 kg/m2), age (19-53 y), being premenopausal and healthy, participated twice in the energy restriction periods with one year follow-up. Weight and body composition were measured at weeks 0, 8, 60, 68 and 120 after the start of the first VLED. Scores on the restraint scales before and during the first VLED were analysed. Percentages regain after one year and after two years follow-up were related to these scores. Three groups appeared with respect to success regarding weight maintenance. Group 1 (successful): twice a regain < 50% of weight loss; group 2 (partly successful): once a regain < 50% of weight loss and group 3 (unsuccessful): twice a regain of > 50% of weight loss. Percentage regain was negatively correlated to an increase in cognitive restrained eating behaviour (r = 0.8; P = 0.0001). A change in attitude with respect to food intake, expressed as an increase in cognitive restraint, and as a positive relationship between cognitive restraint and disinhibition was related to successful weight maintenance. An increase in cognitive restraint from before, to during, the diet, and a positive correlation between cognitive restraint and disinhibition, are two determinants representing eating behaviour for successful weight maintenance.
Article
Hydroxycitric acid, the active ingredient in the herbal compound Garcinia cambogia, competitively inhibits the extramitochondrial enzyme adenosine triphosphate-citrate (pro-3S)-lyase. As a citrate cleavage enzyme that may play an essential role in de novo lipogenesis inhibition, G cambogia is claimed to lower body weight and reduce fat mass in humans. To evaluate the efficacy of G cambogia for body weight and fat mass loss in overweight human subjects. Twelve-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Outpatient weight control research unit. Overweight men and women subjects (mean body mass index [weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters], approximately 32 kg/m2). Subjects were randomized to receive either active herbal compound (1500 mg of hydroxycitric acid per day) or placebo, and both groups were prescribed a high-fiber, low-energy diet. The treatment period was 12 weeks. Body weight was evaluated every other week and fat mass was measured at weeks 0 and 12. Body weight change and fat mass change. A total of 135 subjects were randomized to either active hydroxycitric acid (n = 66) or placebo (n = 69); 42 (64%) in the active hydroxycitric acid group and 42 (61%) in the placebo group completed 12 weeks of treatment (P = .74). Patients in both groups lost a significant amount of weight during the 12-week treatment period (P<.001); however, between-group weight loss differences were not statistically significant (mean [SD], 3.2 [3.3] kg vs 4.1 [3.9] kg; P = .14). There were no significant differences in estimated percentage of body fat mass loss between treatment groups, and the fraction of subject weight loss as fat was not influenced by treatment group. Garcinia cambogia failed to produce significant weight loss and fat mass loss beyond that observed with placebo.
Article
The present experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that septal arginine vasotocin (AVT) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) modulate directed song (a courtship behaviour) and aggression in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Subjects were surgically fitted with a guide cannula directed at the septum. Following recovery they were tested for aggression and directed song following infusions of AVT, its antagonist (anti-vasopressin, AVP), and saline volume control. Infusion of the AVT antagonist significantly reduced all three aggressive behaviours measured (pecks, beak fences and chases); and AVT infusion significantly facilitated beak fencing. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide treatment significantly reduced pecking. No treatment produced a change in directed song. Comparison with findings in mammals suggests that modulation of aggression by septal AVT (or AVP) is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates, but modulation of aggression by VIP has not previously been reported for any vertebrate.
Article
This study investigated whether endurance training is effective for successful long-term weight maintenance after weight reduction. Fifteen male obese subjects (age, 37.3+/-5.2 years; body weight [BW], 96.2+/-13.6 kg; body mass index [BMI], 30.9+/-2.8 kg x m(-2)) participated in a 16-month exercise-intervention study. During the first 4 months, all subjects trained three to four times weekly, consuming a very-low-energy diet (VLED) during the first 2 months. After the 4-month treatment period, seven subjects continued training for 12 months (3 to 4 times per week). The other eight subjects served as a control group not involved in a training program. The regain (increase during the intervention period as a percentage of the 4-month treatment) of BW at 16 months was 64% (+/-26%) for the whole group (trained v. control, 52%+/-28% v. 74%+/-20%, P = .09). The increase in absolute fat mass (FM) was significantly lower at 16 months for the trained group (trained v. control, 4.8+/-1.9 v. 9.0+/-3.3 kg), as was the regain of FM at 16 months (trained v. control, 61%+/-24% v. 92%+/-32%, P = .05). The amount of regain of the waist circumference, waist to hip ratio (WHR), and sagittal diameter were correlated with the amount of training (hours) performed weekly (deltawaist, r = -.55, P<.05; deltaWHR, r = -.50, P = .06; deltasagittal diameter, r = -.53, P<.05). Physical fitness parameters (maximal power output [Wmax] and oxygen uptake [Vo2 max]) were significantly increased in both groups at 4 months. Trained subjects maintained high levels of physical fitness at 16 months, in contrast to the control group. In conclusion, although BW regain was not significantly different between the groups, trained subjects showed less regain of FM and higher levels of physical fitness, factors related to a lower risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), compared with the control group. Furthermore, the regain of FM, which occurred even in the exercising group with a relatively intensive training program, suggests that maintenance of fat loss is extremely difficult.
Article
Body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) is known to be associated with overall mortality. We investigated the effects of age, race, sex, smoking status, and history of disease on the relation between body-mass index and mortality. In a prospective study of more than 1 million adults in the United States (457,785 men and 588,369 women), 201,622 deaths occurred during 14 years of follow-up. We examined the relation between body-mass index and the risk of death from all causes in four subgroups categorized according to smoking status and history of disease. In healthy people who had never smoked, we further examined whether the relation varied according to race, cause of death, or age. The relative risk was used to assess the relation between mortality and body-mass index. The association between body-mass index and the risk of death was substantially modified by smoking status and the presence of disease. In healthy people who had never smoked, the nadir of the curve for body-mass index and mortality was found at a body-mass index of 23.5 to 24.9 in men and 22.0 to 23.4 in women. Among subjects with the highest body-mass indexes, white men and women had a relative risk of death of 2.58 and 2.00, respectively, as compared with those with a body-mass index of 23.5 to 24.9. Black men and women with the highest body-mass indexes had much lower risks of death (1.35 and 1.21), which did not differ significantly from 1.00. A high body-mass index was most predictive of death from cardiovascular disease, especially in men (relative risk, 2.90; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.37 to 3.56). Heavier men and women in all age groups had an increased risk of death. The risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, or other diseases increases throughout the range of moderate and severe overweight for both men and women in all age groups. The risk associated with a high body-mass index is greater for whites than for blacks.
Article
Current interest in the role of functional foods in weight control has focused on plant ingredients capable of interfering with the sympathoadrenal system. We investigated whether a green tea extract, by virtue of its high content of caffeine and catechin polyphenols, could increase 24-h energy expenditure (EE) and fat oxidation in humans. Twenty-four-hour EE, the respiratory quotient (RQ), and the urinary excretion of nitrogen and catecholamines were measured in a respiratory chamber in 10 healthy men. On 3 separate occasions, subjects were randomly assigned among 3 treatments: green tea extract (50 mg caffeine and 90 mg epigallocatechin gallate), caffeine (50 mg), and placebo, which they ingested at breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Relative to placebo, treatment with the green tea extract resulted in a significant increase in 24-h EE (4%; P < 0.01) and a significant decrease in 24-h RQ (from 0.88 to 0.85; P < 0.001) without any change in urinary nitrogen. Twenty-four-hour urinary norepinephrine excretion was higher during treatment with the green tea extract than with the placebo (40%, P < 0.05). Treatment with caffeine in amounts equivalent to those found in the green tea extract had no effect on EE and RQ nor on urinary nitrogen or catecholamines. Green tea has thermogenic properties and promotes fat oxidation beyond that explained by its caffeine content per se. The green tea extract may play a role in the control of body composition via sympathetic activation of thermogenesis, fat oxidation, or both.
Article
Vasoactive intestinal peptide has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties that influence the survival of activity-dependent neurons in the central nervous system. Investigations of the mechanism of this neurotrophic peptide indicated that these actions are contingent on interactions with astroglia. The complex mixture of neurotrophic mediators released from astroglia include cytokines, a protease inhibitor, and activity-dependent neurotrophic factor, a protein with apparent structural similarities to hsp60. Investigations of ADNF resulted in the discovery of active peptides of extraordinary potency and broad neuroprotective properties. These studies indicate that a nine-amino acid core peptide of ADNF had significantly greater neuroprotective properties in comparison to the parent growth factor and these advantages identify ADNF-9 as an attractive lead compound for drug development.
Article
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to reduce body fat mass (BFM) in animals. To investigate the dose-response relationships of conjugated linoleic acid with regard to BFM in humans, a randomized, double-blind study including 60 overweight or obese volunteers (body mass index 25-35 kg/m(2)) was performed. The subjects were divided into five groups receiving placebo (9 g olive oil), 1.7, 3.4, 5.1 or 6.8 g conjugated linoleic acid per day for 12 wk, respectively. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition [measurements at wk 0 (baseline), 6 and 12]. Of the 60 subjects, 47 completed the study. Eight subjects withdrew from the study due to adverse events; however, no differences among treatment groups were found regarding adverse events. Repeated-measures analysis showed that a significantly higher reduction in BFM was found in the conjugated linoleic acid groups compared with the placebo group (P: = 0.03). The reduction of body fat within the groups was significant for the 3.4 and 6.8 g CLA groups (P: = 0.05 and P: = 0.02, respectively). No significant differences among the groups were observed in lean body mass, body mass index, blood safety variables or blood lipids. The data suggest that conjugated linoleic acid may reduce BFM in humans and that no additional effect on BFM is achieved with doses > 3.4 g CLA/d.
Article
To determine the efficacy of the dietary fiber guar gum as a therapeutic option for reducing body weight by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Literature searches were performed on the electronic databases Medline, Embase, Biosis, Amed, and the Cochrane Library. Manufacturers of commercial guar gum preparations and experts on the subject were contacted to provide any published or unpublished trials. For inclusion, trials had to state that they were randomized, double blinded, and placebo controlled, used guar gum monopreparations, and reported body weight as an endpoint. No language restrictions were imposed. Two reviewers independently extracted data in a standardized manner according to predefined criteria and evaluated methodological quality using the scoring system developed by Jadad. Discrepancies were settled through discussion. Thirty-four trials were identified and 20 could be included. Eleven trials provided data that were suitable for statistical pooling. The meta-analysis indicated a nonsignificant difference in patients receiving guar gum compared with patients receiving placebo (weighted mean difference -0.04 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.2 to 2.1). Analysis of six trials with similar methodologic features corroborates these findings (weighted mean difference -0.3 kg; 95% CI: -4.0 to 3.5). Adverse events most frequently reported were abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and cramps. Overall, 11 patients (3%) dropped out owing to adverse events. This meta-analysis suggests that guar gum is not efficacious for reducing body weight. Considering the adverse events associated with its use, the risks of taking guar gum outweigh its benefits for this indication. Therefore, guar gum cannot be recommended as a treatment for lowering body weight.
Article
Investigators have questioned whether body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) cut-points for obesity used in the United States and Europe are appropriate for Asian countries. A recent study examined the association between BMI and mortality in a population-based cohort of Japanese men and women. These and other results did not indicate a need for lower cut-points in Asians.
Article
The purpose of this study was to assess the antiobesity effect of the yeast hydrolysate (DNF) on the body weight, body fat and plasma lipids levels of high-fat fed rats. The weight gain of the HF (high fat diet) (162.58 +/- 6.68 g) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of DNF-1, DNF-2, (high fat diet with DNF of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg body weight, respectively) and control groups (143.19 +/- 7.33 g, 139.20 +/- 8.36 g, 130.23 +/- 8.02 g, respectively). The wet weight of the epididymal fat and the perirenal fat pads of the DNF-1, DNF-2 and control groups were reduced significantly (p < 0.05). A significant (p < 0.05) increase of HDL-cholesterol level of the DNF-2 and control groups was observed. However, there was no significant difference between DNF-1 and DNF-2. It was also found that the triacylglycerol (TG) levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the DNF-2 group from that of the HF, but there was no significant (p < 0.05) difference between DNF-1 and DNF-2.
Article
A number of economic and product quality advantages exist in brewing when high-gravity worts of 16 to 18% dissolved solids are fermented. Above this level, production problems such as slow or stuck fermentations and poor yeast viability occur. Ethanol toxicity has been cited as the main cause, as brewers' yeasts are reported to tolerate only 7 to 9% (vol/vol) ethanol. The inhibitory effect of high osmotic pressure has also been implicated. In this report, it is demonstrated that the factor limiting the production of high levels of ethanol by brewing yeasts is actually a nutritional deficiency. When a nitrogen source, ergosterol, and oleic acid are added to worts up to 31% dissolved solids, it is possible to produce beers up to 16.2% (vol/vol) ethanol. Yeast viability remains high, and the yeasts can be repitched at least five times. Supplementation does not increase the fermentative tolerance of the yeasts to ethanol but increases the length and level of new yeast cell mass synthesis over that seen in unsupplemented wort (and therefore the period of more rapid wort attenuation). Glycogen, protein, and sterol levels in yeasts were examined, as was the importance of pitching rate, temperature, and degree of anaerobiosis. The ethanol tolerance of brewers' yeast is suggested to be no different than that of sake or distillers' yeast.
Weight loss effect of yeast hydrolysate on obese young women
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The reduction effect of yeast hydrolysate SCP-20 premenstrual syndrome
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The effectiveness of long-term supplementation of carbohydrate, chromium, fiber and caffeine on weight maintenance
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