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VAVILOV, N. I. Origin and geography of cultivated plants . (Translated by Doris Löve)

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... Obviously, plants can have more than one center of origin or diversity. In 1926, Nikolai Vavilov published his theories in a book called Origin of Cultivated Plants (Vavilov, 1926), which demonstrated eight different primary areas of origin and diversity – finally reduced to seven (Dorofeyev & Filatenko, 1992; Vavilov, 1997), which soon became known as Vavilov's Centers of Diversity or simply the Centers of Vavilov. Andean strawberry, potato, tomato, pumpkin, peppers Source: Vavilov, 1997 In 1971, North American Jack Harlan (1917 Harlan ( -1998) proposed modifying the concept of Vavilov's Centers, advancing the theory that there are, in fact, three world regions in which the domestication of plants originated, each identifiable with a Center of Origin, and a Non Center, i.e., a non central area that is more dispersed, which interacts with the main center. ...
... It was the genetic aspect of crops that motivated Vavilov to search for those centers where agriculture had originated, and where farming had subsequently spread. Probably for this reason, the number of centers listed in his various published works grew over a relatively short period of time, from three in 1924, to five in 1926-27, then six in 192930, seven in 1931 and eight in 1934-35, this was then reduced to seven in 1940 (Dorofeyev & Filatenko, 1992 ). His entire plan of research allowed him to surmise that agriculture has had an independent origin in diverse geographic areas, with the subsequent accumulation of dominant genes in each zone. ...
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This article is based on Nikolai Vavilov’s studies on the centers of origin of cultivated plants and the beginnings of agriculture. Vavilov (1887-1943), a Soviet botanist and geographer, was the first scientist to conduct extensive research on plant varieties and cultivation. Not all of Vavilov’s ideas regarding the identification of the original centers of cultivated plants have been fully accepted, and one of his successors, North American Jack Harlan, suggested that the term “centers of origin” be replaced by “centers of diversity”. After having outlined Vavilov’s research and expeditions to different regions of the world, I shall focus on the origin and spread of major agricultural crops (cereals, rice, corn, potatoes), with some considerations on the present need to conserve agricultural biodiversity which, although at risk from industrial technologies, is better protected in areas of origin where farming methods are less intensive and based on the practices of local communities.
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The prospect for the coming decades will be for humanity to witness a holocaust of species on Earth. Within these species are plants for food purposes undergoing genetic erosion and, putting at risk not only their own existence, but the safety of human life. Several genetic tools have been used in recent years to support breeding and conservation programs. Diverse agendas, from countless countries, endeavored to drive ex situ, in situ conservation, and the sustainable use of genetic resources for food and agriculture. Brazil, an example of country with a rich agrobiodiversity in Neotropics, has advanced in research and appreciation of plant genetic resources, however at the same time it has led vast biological losses. In this chapter, we will review some concepts related to plant genetic resources, present case studies for in situ, ex situ and on farm conservation and discuss some recommendations to safeguard the valuable genetic inheritance of food plants.KeywordsConservation strategiesPlant conservationGenetic diversityAgriculturalBiodiversity
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Synteny, the co-linear arrangement of genes in related taxa, shows parallelity to Vavilov's law of homologous series and possibly provides a molecular approach for the explanation of this law.
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