This article reviews the history of writing portfolios, emphasizing the differences between portfolios that are designed primarily for instructional purposes and those that are intended to serve as formal tests. It suggests that because even carefully designed portfolio systems often do not function quite as intended, portfolio users should expect ongoing evaluation and adjustment to be an
... [Show full abstract] important part of the portfolio process. The article also examines the current trend toward using portfolios as state-mandated accountability measures and notes some of the difficulties that can be expected when a portfolio system is intended to serve multiple purposes and inform multiple audiences.
