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A New Species of Hasemania from the Upper Rio Tapajós Drainage, Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)

May 2007
Copeia 2007(2):350-354

DOI:10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[350:ANSOHF]2.0.CO;2

Authors:

Vinicius Bertaco

Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Rio Grande do Sul

Luiz R Malabarba

Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

A new characid species, Hasemania nambiquara, is described from the upper Rio Tapajos, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other Hasemania by the unique presence of one vertically-elongate black humeral spot and a broad horizontal black band ventral to midlateral line between humeral region and caudal fin.

Hasemania nambiquara, MCP 38390, holotype, 27.0 mm SL.

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Scanning electronic micrograph of upper and lower jaws (right side, lateral view) of Hasemania nambiquara, MCP 38038, paratype, 20.8 mm SL. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

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Figures - uploaded by Vinicius Bertaco

Content may be subject to copyright.

Content uploaded by Vinicius Bertaco

Content may be subject to copyright.

A New Species of Hasemania from the Upper Rio Tapajo´s Drainage, Brazil

(Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)

VINICIUS A. BERTACO AND LUIZ R. MALABARBA

A new characid species, Hasemania nambiquara, is described from the upper Rio

Tapajo´s, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other

Hasemania by the unique presence of one vertically-elongate black humeral spot and

a broad horizontal black band ventral to midlateral line between humeral region and

caudal fin.

Uma nova espe´ cie de caracı´deo, Hasemania nambiquara e´ descrita para o alto Rio

Tapajo´s, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A nova espe´cie distingue-se das demais espe´cies de

Hasemania pela presenc¸ a de uma mancha umeral preta verticalmente alongada, e de

uma larga faixa longitudinal preta, ventral em relac¸a˜o a` linha me´dio-lateral do corpo,

da regia˜o umeral ate´ o pedu´ nculo caudal.

THE genus Hasemania was proposed by Ellis

(1911) to include three species differing

from other characids mainly in the absence of an

adipose fin. The presence of two series of teeth in

the premaxilla, the maxilla with few or no teeth

along its exposed anterior margin, the incom-

plete lateral line, and naked caudal fin led Ellis

(1911:148) to consider the new genus ‘‘like

Hyphessobrycon, but without an adipose’’.

Five valid species have been recognized in

Hasemania, four with a limited distribution in the

Rio Parana´(H.crenuchoides, upper Rio Parana´; H.

maxilaris and H. melanura, Rio Iguac¸u) and Rio

Sa˜o Francisco (H. nana) drainages, and one

species (H. hanseni) from an unknown locality in

the state of Goia´s, Brazil (Lima et al., 2003). We

herein describe a new species of Hasemania from

the upper Rio Juruena, a tributary of the upper

Rio Tapajo´s drainage, thereby extending the

distribution of the genus into the Amazon basin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Counts and measurements follow Fink and

Weitzman (1974), with the exception of the

number of scale rows below the lateral line,

which were counted from the scale row ventral to

lateral line to the scale row nearest the base of

the first pelvic-fin ray. Vertebrae, supraneurals,

gill-rakers, and procurrent caudal-fin ray counts

were taken from one cleared-and-stained speci-

men (CS) prepared according to the method of

Taylor and Van Dyke (1985). Values for the

holotype are indicated by an asterisk. Vertebral

counts include the four vertebrae integrated in

the Weberian apparatus and the terminal cen-

trum was counted as one vertebra. Scanning

electron micrographs (SEM) photos were taken

from the cleared-and-stained dissected specimen.

Measurements were taken point-to-point with

electronic calipers on the left side of specimens.

All measurements other than standard length

(SL) are expressed as a percentage of SL except

for subunits of the head, which are presented as

a percentage of head length (HL). Institutional

abbreviations follow Leviton et al. (1985). Com-

parisons to Hasemania maxilaris,H. melanura, and

H. crenuchoides were based on data presented in

the literature.

Hasemania nambiquara, new species

Figures 1–3, Table 1

Holotype.—MCP 38390, 27.0 mm SL, Brazil, Mato

Grosso, Comodoro, Rio Doze de Outubro on the

highway BR 364 between Comodoro and Vil-

hena, tributary of Rio Juruena, upper Rio

Tapajo´s drainage, 12u589390S60u009300W, 14 July

2004, R. E. Reis, P. A. Buckup, A. R. Cardoso, and

E. H. L. Pereira.

Paratypes.—ANSP 185229, 2, 19.1–21.5 mm SL;

MCP 38038, 4, 1 CS, 10.5–23.4 mm SL; MNRJ

29862, 2, 17.5–19.9 mm SL, collected with the

holotype.

Diagnosis.—Hasemania nambiquara is distin-

guished from all congeners by the unique

presence of a broad black band, located ventral

to midlateral line, and extending from the

humeral region to the caudal-fin, and by the

presence of a black vertically-elongate humeral

spot (Figs. 1, 2). Additional characters to distin-

guish H. nambiquara include a higher number of

maxillary teeth (Fig. 3) with more cusps (two or

three tri- to pentacuspid teeth vs. none, one, or

two conical or bicuspid teeth in H. hanseni,H.

maxilaris,H. melanura, and H. nana) and more

Copeia, 2007(2), pp. 350–354

#2007 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists

branched anal-fin rays (16–19 vs. 11–16 in H.

crenuchoides,H. melanura, and H. nana).

Description.—Morphometric data summarized in

Table 1. Body compressed and moderately deep;

greatest body depth located between tip of

supraoccipital spine and dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal

profile of body convex from snout to dorsal-fin

origin; posteroventrally slanted at dorsal-fin base;

straight from base of last dorsal-fin ray to caudal

peduncle. Ventral profile of head convex. Ven-

tral body profile slightly convex from pectoral-fin

insertion to anal-fin origin. Profile of body along

anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal

peduncle deep, profile nearly straight to slightly

concave along dorsal and ventral margins.

Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to

vertical through anterior nostrils. Mouth termi-

nal. Posterior tip of maxilla at vertical through

middle of orbit; maxilla oriented at angle of

approximately 45uto longitudinal body axis.

Maxilla nearly straight on dorsal border; ante-

roventral border concave and posteroventral

border convex. Maxilla slightly deeper poster-

iorly.

Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with

2–3 tricuspid teeth, central cusp largest (Fig. 3).

Inner row with five teeth, teeth gradually de-

creasing in length posteriorly, last tooth thinner

than other teeth. Teeth with 3–5 cusps and

central cusp longer and broader than lateral

cusps. Maxilla with two or three teeth, each with

3 to 5 cusps with central cusp largest. Five

anteriormost dentary teeth largest, with five

cusps, and followed first by somewhat smaller

tooth with 3–5 cusps, and then four or five

distinctly smaller teeth with 1–3 cusps; central

cusp in all teeth two or three times longer and

broader than remaining cusps. Cusp tips slightly

curved posteriorly and lingually.

Scales cycloid. Lateral line incomplete, pored

scales 6–7 (7*, mode 57, n58). Longitudinal

scale series including lateral line with 33–35 (35*,

mode 534, n58) scales. Scale rows between

Fig. 1. Hasemania nambiquara, MCP 38390, holotype, 27.0 mm SL.

Fig. 2. Hasemania nambiquara, MCP 38038, paratype, 17.4 mm SL.

BERTACO AND MALABARBA—NEW HASEMANIA FROM TAPAJO

´S DRAINAGE 351

dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 5–7 (7*, mode 5

5, n58); scale rows between lateral line and

pelvic-fin insertion 3–5 (4*, mode 54, n58).

Predorsal scales 11–12, arranged in regular series

(11*, mode 511, n57). Scales rows around

caudal peduncle 14. Scale sheath along anal-fin

base with 4–6 scales in single series extending

from base of first unbranched ray to base of

fourth to sixth branched rays.

Dorsal-fin rays ii,9 (n59); first unbranched ray

approximately one-half length of second un-

branched ray. Dorsal-fin origin posterior to mid-

dle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-

fin insertion. Adipose fin absent. Anal-fin rays

iv,16–19 (18*, mode 517, n59). First un-

branched ray only apparent in cleared-and-stained

specimen. Longest branched anal-fin ray not

reaching origin of last anal-fin ray when fin is

depressed. Anal-fin origin at vertical between base

of seventh through ninth dorsal-fin rays. Pectoral-

fin rays i,9–10 (10*, mode 510, n58), tip of fin

almost reaching pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays

i,6–7 (7*, mode 57, n59); longest ray reaching

just to anal-fin origin. Pelvic-fin insertion located

anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin.

Caudal fin forked, with 19 principal rays (n5

9). Dorsal procurrent rays 10, and ventral procur-

rent rays 8 (n51). Precaudal vertebrae 15; caudal

vertebrae 18. Supraneurals 4. Gill-rakers on first

arch 6/10 (n51).

Coloration in alcohol.—Area immediately proxi-

mate to mid-dorsal line of head and body densely

pigmented except for light mid-dorsal line along

predorsal region. In small specimens (Fig. 2),

lower lip, upper portion of maxilla, first and

fourth infraorbitals, and upper portion of oper-

cle covered with dark chromatophores forming

a longitudinal black line across eye continuous

with longitudinal body stripe. Pigmentation

diffuse on head of adults (Fig. 1), not forming

a conspicuous dark line crossing eye. Scales on

midlateral surface of body with scattered dark

brown chromatophores. Black humeral spot

rounded in small specimens; vertically-elongate

and narrowing ventrally in larger specimens.

Spot located over second to fourth lateral-line

scales and extending over two horizontal series of

scales below lateral line. Wide, densely pigmen-

ted horizontal stripe located largely ventral to

midlateral line. Lateral body stripe extending

from humeral region to caudal-fin in small

specimens, but limited to the lateral area of

body above pelvic and anal fins in large speci-

mens. Region immediately above pelvic and anal

fins lighter; with few dark chromatophores on

abdomen. Middle caudal-fin rays densely pig-

mented, continuous with midlateral body stripe.

All fins dusky.

Sexual dimorphism.—The cleared-and-stained dis-

sected specimen (20.8 mm SL) was a female with

mature ovaries. The larger specimens in the type

series are consequently presumably mature;

however, no secondary sexual characters were

observed.

Ecological notes.—All specimens of Hasemania

nambiquara were collected along the margins of

Fig. 3. Scanning electronic micrograph of upper

and lower jaws (right side, lateral view) of Hasemania

nambiquara, MCP 38038, paratype, 20.8 mm SL.

Scale bar 0.5 mm.

TABLE 1. MORPHOMETRIC DATA OF HOLOTYPE (MCP

38390, H) AND PARATYPES (ANSP 185229, 2; MCP 38038,

2 of 4; MNRJ 29862, 2) OF Hasemania nambiquara. The

range includes the holotype.

Character H Range Mean

Standard length (mm) 27.0 17.5–27.0 21.3

Percents of standard length

Predorsal distance 56.7 54.3–57.4 55.9

Prepelvic distance 47.0 46.6–49.6 48.0

Prepectoral distance 27.3 27.2–29.3 28.1

Preanal distance 64.3 61.5–66.9 64.0

Depth at dorsal-fin origin 32.6 27.4–32.6 30.0

Caudal-peduncle depth 13.5 10.3–13.5 11.8

Caudal-peduncle length 13.0 12.3–14.4 12.8

Anal-fin base 26.7 24.1–28.0 25.7

Dorsal-fin length 34.4 22.9–34.4 28.0

Pelvic-fin length 17.0 13.6–17.2 15.5

Pectoral-fin length 20.7 17.4–20.7 18.6

Head length 26.9 27.9–28.7 27.6

Percents of head length

Snout length 22.8 19.3–22.8 20.9

Upper-jaw length 41.9 35.7–41.9 38.4

Orbital diameter 37.2 36.7–44.6 39.4

Interorbital width 29.7 26.0–31.6 29.3

352 COPEIA, 2007, NO. 2

semilentic stretches of a shallow, clear water

river, with sand and leaves on the bottom, and

a moderate amount of riparian vegetation.

Distribution.—Hasemania nambiquara is known

only from its type locality in the upper Rio

Tapajo´s drainage, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Etymology.—The species name, nambiquara,isin

reference to the Nambiquara, an indigenous

group from the region of the upper Rio Tapajo´s

drainage, near the type locality. A noun in

apposition.

DISCUSSION

The new species is described herein in

Hasemania because it fits best in the traditional

diagnosis of the genus given by Ellis (1911) and

subsequent authors. The lack of an adipose fin is

unusual in the Characidae and was hypothesized

by Weitzman and Malabarba (1999) as indepen-

dently derived in Spintherobolus (Cheirodonti-

nae), Priocharax (Characinae), Iotabrycon,Tytto-

charax, and Xenurobrycon (Xenurobryconini), and

Coptobrycon,Grundulus,Hasemania, and Nemato-

brycon (incertae sedis characid genera). Hasemania

nambiquara lacks the synapomorphies proposed

for the Cheirodontinae or Xenurobryconini by

Malabarba (1998) and Weitzman and Fink

(1985), respectively. It similarly lacks the synapo-

morphies used by Lucena (1998) to group

Charax with eleven other genera in the Characi-

nae. The lack of an adipose fin in these three

groups may be correlated with miniaturization

(Weitzman and Malabarba, 1998), but Hasemania

nambiquara exceeds the size limits for miniatures

proposed by Weitzman and Vari (1988).

Regarding the remaining genera, Hasemania

nambiquara does not fit in the traditional di-

agnosis of Coptobrycon by lacking the very large,

pedunculate and distally expanded teeth of the

dentary and inner premaxillary tooth series; of

Grundulus bythepresenceoftwoseriesof

multicuspidate teeth in the premaxilla instead

of a single series of conical teeth; and of

Nematobrycon by the incompletely toothed maxilla

with a small number of maxillary teeth (2–3 vs. 7–

16; Weitzman and Fink, 1971).

Relationships of Hasemania nambiquara with

other Hasemania species remain to be investigat-

ed. The monophyly of Hasemania based solely on

the lack of an adipose fin has been questioned by

several authors (Bo¨hlke, 1958; Ge´ry, 1972; Weitz-

man and Malabarba, 1999) and more recently by

Lima and Gerhard (2001), who included a newly

described characid species lacking an adipose fin

in Hyphessobrycon instead of Hasemania due to an

overall body resemblance of the new species,

Hyphessobrycon negodagua, to several species of the

Hyphessobrycon. A similar procedure was adopted

previously by Ellis (1911), in the description of

Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus that lacks an adipose

fin. Hasemania nambiquara differs from H. taur-

ocephalus and H. negodagua in its color pattern,

and additionally from H. taurocephalus in the

number of branched anal-fin rays (16–19 vs. 12–

14, respectively).

MATERIAL EXAMINED

Coptobrycon bilineatus: MCP 39051, 10, 2 CS,

23.5–34.0 mm SL, Brazil, Sa˜o Paulo, Rio Itatinga,

Parque das Neblinas, Bertioga, 23u449580S,

46u099510W. Hasemania hanseni: MCP 23420, 8,

21.0–24.8 mm SL; MCP 27367, 6, 19.8–22.3 mm

SL, Brazil, Distrito Federal, stream on highway

BR 020 between the highway BR 251 and

Planaltina, 15u419060S, 47u399080W; MZUSP

35676, 10 of 268, 27.0–30.8 mm SL, Rio Pipiripau

near to Planaltina, 15u419130S, 47u399070W.

Hasemania nana: MZUSP 84034, 6, 13.4–

17.8 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Formosa do Rio

Preto, Rio Preto at Cacimbinhas, 11u089280S,

46u049010W; MZUSP 84072, 1, 16.5 mm SL,

Bahia, Formosa do Rio Preto, Rio Sapa˜o at

Breja˜o, Rio Preto drainage, 10u559390S,

45u419540W. Hasemania sp.: MZUSP 73136, 1,

30.7 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Dores de

Ganha˜es, Rio Guanha˜es, Rio Doce drainage,

approximately 19u039S, 42u579W. Hyphessobrycon

negodagua: MCP 23432, 5 paratypes, 22.8–

28.2 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Iraquara, Rio Pra-

tinha, 12u219130S, 41u329510W. Hyphessobrycon

heterorhabdus: MCP 25577, 2, 30.4–35.6 mm SL,

Brazil, Mato Grosso, Aripuana˜, stream on road

between Vilhena and Aripuana˜, approximately

09u599S, 59u219W. Hyphessobrycon cf. herbertaxel-

rodi: MCP 30821, 26, 17.3–24.8 mm SL, Brazil,

Mato Grosso, Simione, stream on road MT 338,

Rio Xingu drainage, 11u479400S, 56u449090W.

Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus: CAS 22778, 5 para-

types, 29.9–42.7 mm SL, Brazil, Parana´, rio

Iguac¸u. Hyphessobrycon vilmae: MCP 30823, 9,

19.9–24.1 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Sinop,

co´rrego Etne´ia at the road MT 423, 11u429210S,

55u179320W. Nematobrycon palmeri: CAS 70883, 43,

2 CS, 11.2–29.3 mm SL, Colombia, Departa-

mento Choco, Rı´o Condoto, tributary of Rı´o

San Juan; MHNG 2182.86, 7, 2 CS, 25.8–31.2 mm

SL, Colombia, aquarium center.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to M. Toledo-Piza, J. Serra, and

S. Weitzman for comments and suggestions on

the manuscript; to the Centro de Microscopia e

BERTACO AND MALABARBA—NEW HASEMANIA FROM TAPAJO

´S DRAINAGE 353

Microana´lises (CEMM), of the Pontifı´cia Uni-

versidade Cato´lica do Rio Grande do Sul

(PUCRS) for the SEM preparations, and to A.

Charcansky for preparing Figure 3. Thanks to D.

Catania, O. Oyakawa, and S. Fish-Muller for loan

of specimens. The specimens were collected

during an expedition organized by R. Reis and

sponsored by the All Catfish Species Inventory

(NSF-DEB 0315963). VAB is grateful for the

visiting support offered by the California Acade-

my of Sciences and is financially supported by the

Coordenac¸a˜o de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de

Nı´vel Superior (CAPES). Research was supported

by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento

Cientı´fico e Tecnolo´ gico (CNPq Proc. 476821/

2003-7; Proc. 478002/2006-8). Collecting permits

were provided by Instituto Brasileiro do Meio

Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renova´veis—

IBAMA, Portaria 054/2004.

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(VAB, LRM) MUSEU DE CIE

ˆNCIAS E TECNOLOGIA,

PONTIFI

´CIA UNIVERSIDADE CATO

´LICA DO RIO

GRANDE DO SUL,AV.IPIRANGA 6681, CAIXA

POSTAL 1429, 90619-900 PORTO ALEGRE, RS,

BRAZIL;AND (LRM) DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLO-

GIA, IB, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE

DO SUL,AV.BENTO GONC¸ ALVES, 9500, 91501-970

PORTO ALEGRE, RS, BRAZIL. E-mail: (VAB)

ubertaco@pucrs.br; and (LRM) malabarb@

pucrs.br. Send reprint requests to VAB.

Submitted: 28 Dec. 2005. Accepted: 3 Dec.

2006. Section editor: J. W. Armbruster.

354 COPEIA, 2007, NO. 2

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Nov 2016

The fishes herein included were collected in four small streams of the upper rio Tapajós basin. Through fieldwork carried out in 2011, 2013 and 2014 during the low water season 1.728 specimens belonging to 22 species distributed in 11 families, and five orders were captured. Characidae was the most representative family both in number of species and specimens captured. The most abundant species were Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, H. hexastichos, and H. notidanos. Five species are recognized as new, and four as endemic to the upper rio Tapajós basin. This study represents the first fish inventory for the region and will provide valuable information for the conservation of the poorly known diversity of fishes of the Chapada dos Parecis, in the headwaters of the upper rio Tapajós basin. © 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved.

A new species of Amazonian bluntnose knifefish Brachyhypopomus (Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae), with comments on its phylogenetic position

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Mar 2021

A new species of the bluntnose knifefish genus Brachyhypopomus Mago-Leccia is described from headwaters of upper Rio Juruena, and upper Rio Machado, Amazon basin, Brazil. The new species differs from all congeners by the absence of a small independent ossification of the Weberian complex located posterodorsally to the supraoccipital. It can be additionally distinguished from its congeners by a set of characters in combination that includes: absence of accessory electric organ over the opercular region, absence of a prominent pale uninterrupted middorsal stripe on body, presence of scales on the entire middorsal region of body, dorsal rami of the recurrent branch of anterior lateral-line nerve not externally visible, presence of a dark suborbital stripe, and possession of 8–10 scale rows above the lateral line. The phylogenetic position of the new species is inferred by its inclusion in a total-evidence matrix with data from morphology, mitochondrial genes, and nuclear genes of all species. The new species is apparently restricted to upland tributaries of the Chapada dos Parecis, more than 500 m high. Comments on the occurrence of fish species in multiple independent basins at Chapada dos Parecis are also provided. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:620C58EB-4DA7-4322-9E2D-ACF4152DB0C7

A history of the biogeography of Amazonian fishes

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Oct 2018
NEOTROP ICHTHYOL

The history of knowledge about Amazonian biogeography is as rich as its fish community, and a fascinating theme of study in itself. Several current paradigms and controversies about Amazonian fish biogeography are rooted in principles dating from the second half of the 18th to the first half of the 19th centuries. The present work establishes a relationship between current biogeographical ideas and their old predecessors, on the basis of a chronologically-oriented historical continuity analysis. The advent of evolutionary theory has not contributed significantly to a transformation of the knowledge on the biogeography of Amazonian fishes. On the other hand, the two main schools of biogeographical thought (dispersalist and vicariant) had major implications on how Amazonian fish distribution is interpreted. The process was gradual and many hypotheses have combined elements from each of the two schools. Chronologically, practically the entire tradition of Amazonian biogeography takes place within the evolutionary paradigm, although its founder Louis Agassiz was himself an anti-evolutionist. The birth of Amazonian biogeography is Agassiz´s travel in Amazon. That document makes it clear that the author did not consider dispersal as a valid explanation for the biogeographical patterns he found. Later, Carl Eigenmann helps to spread the dispersalist tradition as a model for biogeographical explanations in fish distributions, a phase which lasted until the late 20th century. A major shift occurs with the contributions of Marylin Weitzman, Stanley Weitzman and Richard Vari, who associated the temporal framework of phylogenetic hypotheses with distribution patterns, underscoring the predictive power of vicariant biogeography. The present-day paradigm begins with the work of John Lundberg and attempts to incorporate geomorphological and phylogenetic information into integrative biogeographical hypotheses. Some emblematic problems have delayed proposition of general hypotheses on the phylogenetic biogeography of South American fishes, such as the poor state of knowledge of their species-level systematics; an incomplete distributional record for most species and sparse or non-existent data on the phylogenetic history of most supraspecific taxa. Such drawbacks are now being corrected at a fast pace. Recent advances on geographical distribution and an increasing number of phylogenetic hypotheses will allow unprecedented large-scale biogeographic analyses, including those based on event models and Bayesian inference. Thus, the biogeography of South American fishes, especially Amazonian ones, should soon experiment a new age of progress. The success of that new phase will depend on its ability to recognize and segregate multiple overlapping temporal layers of hydrological changes, and to develop analytical tools that can deal with temporal mixing.

Moenkhausia rubra, a new species from rio Juruena, upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)

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Jun 2014
NEOTROP ICHTHYOL

Moenkhausia rubra, new species, is described from the upper rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners, except M. hemigrammoides and M. nigromarginata, by the dark pigmentation on the anteriormost rays of both dorsal and anal fins. Moenkhausia rubra is distinguished from the aforementioned species by the number of branched anal-fin rays 17-20 (vs. 20-25), presence of a dark blotch on the caudal peduncle extending to middle caudal-fin rays, absence of longitudinal black zigzag stripes between longitudinal rows of scales on body, and other details of coloration. Moenkhausia rubra, espécie nova, é descrita do alto rio Juruena, bacia do rio Tapajós, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A espécie nova diferencia-se de todos os congêneres, exceto M. hemigrammoides e M. nigromarginata, pela presença de pigmentação escura nos raios mais anteriores das nadadeiras dorsal e anal. Moenkhausia rubra distingui-se das espécies acima mencionadas pelo número de raios ramificados na nadadeira anal 17-20 (vs. 20-25), presença de uma mancha escura no pedúnculo caudal se estendendo até os raios medianos da nadadeira caudal, ausência de faixas em zigue-zague longitudinais entre as séries longitudinais de escamas no corpo, além de outros detalhes de coloração.

Caracterização ambiental da bacia do Tapajós

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Jan 2016

Ricardo Scoles

New records of fishes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi) from the Upper Tapajós River Basin

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Jun 2012

The first report of Sartor (Anostomidae) and Tatia intermedia (Auchenipteridae) for the Upper Tapajós River Basin are presented here. Sartor is very rare on collections, and is reported only from the Trombetas, Tocantins and Upper Xingu river basins. Tatia intermedia is registered in the upper reaches of the Araguaia, Tocantins, Xingu, and Capim rivers, tributaries of the lower Amazon River in Brazil, northwards to the Suriname coastal rivers and the Essequibo River in Guyana.

A new Hasemania Ellis from the upper rio Paraná basin, with the redescription of Hasemania crenuchoides Zarske & Géry (Characiformes: Characidae)

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Sep 2015
NEOTROP ICHTHYOL

A new Hasemania species is described from the headwaters of the rio Uberaba, rio Grande basin, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of a black, vertically-elongate humeral spot, a single ossification in the position primitively occupied by infraorbitals four and five, four teeth on the inner series of premaxilla, and scales covering the anal-fin base. Hasemania crenuchoides is redescribed and its known geographic distribution is extended; it can be differentiated from other species of the genus by the combination of a black vertically-elongate humeral spot, ii,8 dorsal-fin rays, 11-14 branched anal-fin rays, the presence of separate infraorbitals four and five, and the presence of scales covering the anal-fin base. Phylogenetic relationships of H. crenuchoides and the new species within Hasemania are discussed. Uma nova espécie de Hasemania é descrita para as cabeceiras do rio Uberaba, bacia do rio Grande, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A nova espécie distingue-se de suas congêneres pela combinação de uma mancha umeral preta verticalmente alongada, uma ossificação única na posição primitivamente ocupada pelos infraorbitais quatro e cinco, quatro dentes na série interna do pré-maxilar e escamas cobrindo a base da nadadeira anal. Hasemania crenuchoides é redescrita e sua distribuição geográfica conhecida é ampliada; ela pode ser diferenciada das demais espécies do gênero pela combinação de uma mancha umeral preta verticalmente alongada, ii,8 raios na nadadeira dorsal, 11-14 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal, presença de infraorbitais quatro e cinco distintos e presença de escamas cobrindo a base da nadadeira anal. As relações filogenéticas de H. crenuchoides e da nova espécie são discutidas dentro de Hasemania.

Phylogenetic study of the Characinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)

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Aug 2012

The Characinae is a subunit of the Characidae of special significance in including Charax, the type genus of the family and the order Characiformes. Twelve genera and 79 species have been traditionally assigned to the Characinae, but the subfamily still lacks a phylogenetic diagnosis. Herein, a data matrix including 150 morphological characters and 64 taxa (35 species representing all genera of the Characinae and 29 included in other lineages within the Characiformes) was submitted to two cladistic analyses that differ in the inclusion/exclusion of Priocharax due to the difficulty of coding most of the character states in the miniature species of this genus. Both analyses resulted in a non-monophyletic Characinae and this subfamily is herein restricted to only seven of the original 12 genera forming the clade (Phenacogaster((Charax Roeboides)(Acanthocharax(Cynopotamus(Acestrocephalus Galeocharax))))), which is supported by ten non-ambiguous synapomorphies and is more closely related to other genera of the Characidae than those traditionally placed in the subfamily. A second clade includes the members of the tribe Heterocharacini (Lonchogenys(Heterocharax Hoplocharax)) as the sister-group of Gnathocharax, supported by seven non-ambiguous synapomorphies. This clade is more closely related to a taxon formed by Roestes and Gilbertolus based on seven non-ambiguous synapomorphies. Results do not corroborate a close relationship between Roestes–Gilbertolus and the Cynodontinae. Inclusion of the genus Priocharax suggests that it is related more closely to the Heterocharacini, but the profound modifications in its anatomy possibly related to ontogenetic truncations obscure a better understanding of its relationships. A new classification of the Characinae and the Heterocharacinae is proposed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 165, 809–915.

A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, with notes on its natural history.

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Jan 2001
ICHTHYOL EXPLOR FRES

Flávio C. T. Lima

Systematics of Spintherobolus (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from Eastern Brazil.

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Jan 1999
ICHTHYOL EXPLOR FRES

Two eastern Brazilian freshwater fishcs, Spintherobolus ankoseion and S. leptoura, are described as new species and S. papilliferus Eigenmann and S. broccae Myers are redescribed from !arger population samples than were previously available. Spintherobolus is hypothesized to be the sister group of a clade within the subfamily Cheirodontinae, family Characidae and a cladogram of the relationships of the species of Spintherobolus to one another and to other cheirodontines is presented. Previously proposed relationships of Spintherobolus with the Bolivian characid Grundu/us bogotensis and this latter species relationships with cheirodontine characids are rejected. A preliminary investigation of the phylogcnctic relationships of the cheirodontine characids is discussed. Dois peixes de agua doce do leste brasileiro, Spintherobolus ankoseion e S. leptoura, säo descritos como especies novas. Spintherobolus papilliferus Eigenmann e S. broccae Myers säo redescritos com base em amostragens maiores do gue as disponiveis anteriomente. Spintherobolus e considerado grupo irmäo de um clado dentro da subfamilia Cheirodontinae, familia Characidae, sendo apresentado um cladograma com as relac;öes entre as espccies de Spintherobolus e destas com outros Cheirodontinae. Hipoteses previamente propostas de relac;öes de parentesco entre Spinterobolus e o caracideo Boliviano Crundulus bogotensis, bem como desta ultima especie com outros Cheirodontinae, säo investigadas e rejeitadas. As relac;öes filogeneticas de Cheirodontinae säo discutidas prcliminarmente.

Monophyly of the Cheirodontinae, characters and major Clades (Ostariophysi: Characidae).

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