No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Urgeschichtlicher Feuersteinbergbau im Gebiet von Krzemionki. Ein Bericht zum Stand der Forschung
Abstract
Nach der Entdeckung der Anlagen 1922 erfolgten 1923 erste Prospektionen und 1927 die ersten Grabungen mit der Freilegung einiger Schchte. Weitere, sehr intensive Untersuchungen erfolgten 19271937 durch S. Krukowski, der die Ergebnisse 1939 in einer Monographie verffentlichte. Nach der Unterbrechung der Forschungen durch den 2. Weltkrieg wurden die Untersuchungen in mehreren Phasen fortgesetzt, ein Hhenschichtenplan des gesamten Abbaugebietes wurde schon 1949 erstellt. Seit 1984 arbeiten die Autoren im Gebiet von Krzemionki, wobei zu ihren Aufgaben neben der musealen Prsentation des neolithischen Flintbergbaus die Aufarbeitung des bisher geborgenen Fundmaterials, die Durchfhrung neuer Grabungen, geophysikalische Untersuchungen sowie die Erforschung der zugehrigen Siedlungen in nherer und weiterer Umgebung des Abbaugebietes gehren. Das Abbaugebiet hat eine Ausdehnung von etwa 4 km Lnge und 30120 m Breite mit etwa 2800 Abbaustellen, von denen ca. 2500 noch heute an der Erdoberflche zu erkennen sind. Oberflchenkartierung und geoelektrische Tiefensondierungen werden vermutlich zur genaueren Rekonstruktion von Umfang und Organisation des Abbaues fhren.
... Since the discovery of the mining complex in Krzemionki Opatowskie, several generations of Polish archaeologists and other researchers related to archaeology, initially on a secondary basis, and then on a larger scale, dealt with the problem of the settlement base of Neolithic banded flint mines. The traces of settlement located within mine complexes, in places adjacent to the mining field in the area of natural water reservoirs -sinkholes, in staged flint processing camps located between mines and miners' mother settlements, as well as in users' settlements were analysed (selected works : Krukowski 1939;Krzak 1961;1993;Żurowski 1962;Kruk 1973;1980;2008;Balcer 1975;2002;Kowalewska-Marszałek 1986;2018;2019;Borkowski et al. 1989;1991;Migal and Jaworowska 1992;Zalewski 1996;Sałaciński 1997;Kruk and Milisauskas 1999;Uzarowicz-Chmielewska and Sałacińska 2013;Bąbel 2014;Sałaciński and Sałacińska 2020). ...
The analysis of the Middle and Late Neolithic settlement pattern confirms the thesis of the significant role of the middle Kamienna river basin in the region of the Sandomierz Upland and the Iłża Forehills as the settlement base for banded flint mines in the area of Krzemionki Opatowskie. Some of the settlements of the Funnel Beaker culture located in the northern and central part of the Sandomierz Upland could be related to exploitation and processing of the: banded and the Świeciechów flint raw materials. The area of the right-bank tributaries of the Kamienna river is considered a settlement base for the prehistoric banded flint mines of the Globular Amphora culture. The surface survey and test excavation carried out in the middle course of the Kamienna river in the Iłża Forehills, as well as archaeological excavations in the mining field, showed the existence of quite numerous sites from the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.
From Mine to User: Production and Procurement Systems of Siliceous Rocks in the European Neolithic and Bronze Age presents the papers from Session XXXIII of the 18th UISPP World Congress (Paris, June 2018). 23 authors contribute nine papers from Parts 1 and 2 of the Session. The first session ‘Siliceous rocks: procurement and distribution systems’ was aimed at analysing one of the central research issues related to mining, i.e. the production systems and the diffusion of mining products. The impact of extraction on the environment, group mobility and the numbers involved in the exploitation phase were considered; mining products were also examined with a view to identifying local and imported/exported products and the underlying social organization relating to the different fields of activity. The second session ‘Flint mines and chipping floors from prehistory to the beginning of the nineteenth century’ focused on knapping activities. The significance of the identification of knapping workshops in the immediate vicinity of mine shafts and of their presence in villages as well as in intermediary places between the two was considered in the analysis of chaîne opératoire sequences. The potential of product quality and artefact distribution to contribute to the understanding of the social organisation of the communities being studied was also examined.
Open access here : https://archaeopress.com/ArchaeopressShop/Public/download.asp?id={6E70BA22-C18D-4F7D-9ED7-80A725483438}
Jan Kowalczyk exhibited great interest in the issues related to the prehistoric acquisition of flint raw materials and their working. He was involved in research and conservation issues at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s in the Neolithic and Early Bronze mines of striped flint in Krzemionki Opatowskie, exploited by communities of the Funnel Beaker, Globular Amphorae and Mierzanowice cultures. In 1967 and 1970 he was an inspirer and co-participant of Bogdan Balcer’s research within the Świeciechów-type flint deposits in Świeciechów, near Annopol. The raw material was mined here using open-pit methods, constituting the oldest form of mining. The mines were at the same time centres of mass flint production. Świeciechów flint was used from the Paleolithic period throughout the Neolithic to the Bronze Age.
There is a relatively large amount of evidence helpful in reconstructing the economies of Neolithic farming communities. Material relating to flint processing is only one kind of evidence among many, but analyses of the exploitation of this raw material may provide particularly valuable information (Balcer 1988: 49–51). The flint economy provides unique insights into the processes of the division of labour and emergence of distinct groups of producers of specific kinds of tools. In this paper we discuss methods of identification and study of the individual elements of extraction and processing of banded flint and of the distribution of artefacts in two successive Neolithic cultures, the Funnel Beaker (FBC), lasting from 3900 to 3100 BC (Kowalczyk 1970: 144–77; Kruk & Milisauskas 1990: 195-228), and the Globular Amphorae (GAC), which existed from 3200 to 2700 BC (Wiślański 1970: 178-231; Czerniak & Szmyt 1990: 78).
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.