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Ubiquitous Media: An Introduction
... These participatory models of journalism are also a consequence of another factor associated with the emergence of ICTs in the news industry: the introduction of news actors in the media ecosystem, such as social actors, NGOs, advocacy organisations, civil society organisations, audiences, among others (Featherstone, 2009;Powers, 2015). For the sake of clarity, I have divided these external agents into two categories: social actors and new players. ...
... For the sake of clarity, I have divided these external agents into two categories: social actors and new players. Social actors include social movements, activists and advocacy groups that take advantage of ubiquitous media to participate in and influence news production (Featherstone, 2009). New players include NGOs, start-ups and other institutions that have access to information that journalists and news organisations once had a monopoly over, thereby changing the communication flow (Powers, 2015). ...
... The introduction of new and more social actors, as discussed in the literature review (Chapter 2), refers to the capability of these actors to influence and participate in the production of news. These new actors are audiences, bloggers, citizens and other nonprofessionals who take advantage of the new ubiquitous media to participate in and influence news production; here, everyone speaks with everyone and all aspects of life are interconnected by electronic means (Featherstone, 2009). ...
Declaration I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of PhD is entirely my own work, and that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge breach any law of copyright, and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed:
... With digital media, the above discussion underlines the importance of remaining sensitive (throughout analysis) to the processes by which materials become 'taken-for-granted' (roop & Murphy, 2002, p. 196;Ling, 2012, p. 14). For instance, how ubiquitous media (such as smartphones) become embedded within people's everyday routines (Featherstone, 2009), and how meanings operate within that process of embedding. ...
... Hence, the framework for this book reappropriates Bolter and Grusin's (1999) term 'immediacy', using it instead as a term to refer to scripted transparency in the design and development of a medium, rather than in its conceptualisation by end-users or a facet of use. In turn, this raises an interesting question about how the immediacy of a specic medium is accepted or rejected throughout engagement-an especially pertinent question amidst debates about the ubiquity of media devices (Featherstone, 2009). ...
Examining how digital maps feature in people’s everyday lives and its relation to wider set of social consequences requires an appropriate framework. This chapter develops such a framework by drawing on a lineage of practice theory derived from Giddens’ structuration theory, incorporating concepts from digital geographies, digital sociology, experimental psychology, and various overlapping sub-disciplines within Internet studies (i.e., critical data studies, platform capitalism, mobile media studies). It explains why practice theory makes such a suitable base for exploring the social consequences of digital media, and how it differs from other approaches in science and technology studies and media studies, before outlining a few central tenets. Next, it charts the main theories and concepts of first- and second-wave practice theories before discussing their shared ontological base, and relevance for examining how new practices are formed and stabilised, and thus, how new technologies (such as digital maps) become integrated into everyday life. Throughout, the chapter develops a practice-orientated digital sociological framework, connecting it with digital sociology. The chapter also explains how the framework might be adapted to study engagement with a broad range of digital media.
... The temporality of digital space can be considered to maximize "disciplinary partitioning" (Foucault 1975) through continuous surveillance and the societal demand for ever-present visibility. Ubiquitous new media "pervade our bodies, cultures and societies" (Featherstone 2009) because its temporal aesthetics has become an integral part of contemporary culture and society. ...
... As such, the once-progressive education loses out to the "inertial mobility of real-time telepresence" (Der Derian 1999). Ubiquitous media increased the 'multitasking' capacity of the people who attend to their small screens while moving, being watched, checked out, and recorded by CCTV cameras (Featherstone 2009). Multitasking has become the norm rather than the exception in contemporary individuals' lives. ...
This article explores how immediate communication of synchronous education via virtual classrooms poses questions on implementing visual communication technologies of social surveillance. The striking global transformation of education to synchronous and asynchronous forms of online and hybrid education during the COVID-19 pandemic has reformed the usual teaching and learning methods. Hence, the immediate experience of virtuality also affected the public sphere notion of classrooms, where students socialize and encounter political culture. Building on the content analysis of qualitative research on student experiences of remote education in Turkey, we conducted an online survey with 325 university students with the purpose of understanding their experiences and attitudes toward online education. We theoretically explore how virtual classroom participants construct their social world of education through the aesthetic affordances of digital platforms. Grounded in critical theories of aesthetics that have previously been elaborated on an abstract level, we investigate how time and space compression, enabled by immediate communication technologies, translates into students’ experiences of participation, use of visual communication, and their everyday resistance to surveillance. The research revealed that online education design as implemented today is far from encouraging a public space, and the university students generally underestimate their role in creating a public space through their active participation in discussions. This loss of social spaces should be elaborated and problematized in the future for a better transition to hybrid and online education modules.
... Another contributing factor was the rising divorce rate and changing family structures, which prompted concern about the potential effects of fathers' absences on their children's welfare and development (Maxwell et al., 2012). Thus, by the beginning of the 21st century, a dichotomous view of fathers as posing a risk to their families or as a resource was apparent within the social services (Featherstone, 2009). ...
Several studies have reported that non-hegemonic fathers who are clients of welfare services are undertreated compared with mothers. This issue is examined here from a previously unexplored angle by comparing perspectives of two groups of social workers from different cultures and working spheres in Israel and Germany. Transcripts of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 14 German and Israeli social workers were analysed using a qualitative method of content analysis. The findings showed that unique aspects of practice were evident in each country according to its specific demographic and cultural contexts and social workers’ idiosyncratic gender socialisation, feminist approaches and world views.
... DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2024 Введение С овременный мир сталкивается с обширной цифровизацией услуг и сервисов, захва тывающей как страны Глобального Севера, так и страны Востока. В ответ на вызовы цифровизации в виде изменения способов производства и экономической стоимо сти товаров и услуг [Beer, Burrows, 2013;Featherstone, 2009] различные государства пытаются о здать этот процесс, изучить его и цифровой контекст, действующих в нем акторов [Lupton, 2013] и адаптировать включенные в цифровой контекст новшества и инновационные технологии ради блага своих граждан. Упоминая блага в данной статье, следует пояснить, что речь пойдет о качестве жизни гражданодном из основных атрибутов постиндустриального общества. ...
... The first is the advent of the computer as a "metamedium" that can simulate prior physical media as well as imbue them with new properties (Manovich, 2013), a capacity which has achieved new prominence in the form of AI image-generators such as DALL-E and Midjourney: through digital simulation, photography can be preserved and expanded as a pervasive and adaptive medium (Hand, 2012). Second, as a ubiquitous "digital companion" (Carolus et al., 2019) for billions of people, the smartphone positions photography as part of a broader, general historical process whereby, in the Global North and beyond, media have become so profoundly and intensely interwoven with the social world at all scales -from the intimate everyday lives of individuals to global communication infrastructures -that they constitute a techno-cultural "second nature" (Featherstone, 2009;Frosh, 2018). As media such as photography become pervasive in this process of "deep mediatization" (Couldry and Hepp, 2017) they become paramount means for recollecting and giving meaning to that experience, structuring how we remember in part through their salience as what we remember. ...
“Seeing photographically” is an act of cultural memory. In an era of AI-generated images, screenshots, “disappearing” or “view once” photographs, and myriad other practices that challenge the definitional boundaries of photography, the phrase invokes past understandings of the medium’s sensory affordances, transferring them into a continually changing present. Focusing on a case study of the digital “rescue” of found film chemical photography, the article excavates cultural memory processes that relocate photographic seeing to digital arenas. The memory of “seeing photographically” does more, it claims, than preserve photography as a “zombie category” that disguises the reality of computational imagery. Rather, it helps construct and maintain a media ideology of what photography was and is, and of its continuing cultural, and especially existential, significance. Mobilizing worldviews, social values, and moral obligations associated with photography in the past, “seeing photographically” reanimates them in contemporary contexts of media ubiquity, intensified visibility, and existential anxiety, with profound ramifications.
... Mobile media has become an extension to human beings. Featherstone (2009) argues that the world mass media' or the media' are not able to cater newer formats of media. Further he said the existing media cannot be stereotypically producing content that affects them in a particular way. ...
The chapter examines the history of Mobile Journalism and deals with the concept of Mobile Journalism, introducing the equipment used for Mobile Journalism. The chapter also elucidates the detailed process of production of media content creation through mobile phones. In addition it also discussed the issues and challenges of Mojo journalism
... It seems to be the most rational way in media pluralism. Because just like Featherstone (2009) says, "media is ubiquitous now". However, this will cause the media to lose its credibility as a source of knowledge, replace knowledge with information, and thus lead to a knowledge crisis in the future. ...
... Los contenidos móviles han experimentado una gran evolución a lo largo de los últimos años y se han erigido en un aspecto central de los procesos de innovación (Aguado, 2020). Tras la adaptación de contenidos procedentes de otros medios (televisión, videojuegos, reproductores musicales), la plataforma móvil adquiere el carácter de tecnología disruptiva (Featherstone, 2009) y surgen contenidos específicos y narrativas propias (Feijóo, Maghiros, Abadie y Gómez-Barroso, 2009a;Feijóo, Pascu, Misuraca y Lusoli, 2009b) que dan lugar a la aparición de nuevos géneros y formatos (Fagerjord, 2011). ...
Los dispositivos móviles ocupan un lugar relevante en el escenario mediático. La consolidación de los teléfonos inteligentes como plataformas prioritarias para el acceso a la información periodística digital origina cambios en la producción, la distribución y el consumo. Este artículo presenta un modelo evolutivo del contenido periodístico para dispositivos móviles para contribuir a la teoría de los medios móviles iniciada por otros investigadores. Enmarcada en la ecología de medios, la teoría del actor-red y el estudio de la relación sociedad-tecnología, partimos de una revisión bibliográfica para analizar las innovaciones en el ecosistema digital móvil relacionadas con los aspectos semánticos (nuevos formatos y géneros de contenidos) y sociales (nuevas formas de apropiación de medios y tecnologías) y se identifican los actores principales que interactúan en este ecosistema. Se reconstruye el proceso de emergencia de tecnologías móviles, dispositivos, usos, plataformas, productos y servicios sobre un eje temporal multidimensional. Se define y caracteriza una nueva etapa en el periodismo móvil a partir del año 2015. La fase de consolidación de los contenidos periodísticos en los dispositivos móviles está protagonizada por la emergencia de las redes sociales y los microformatos, la personalización, el vídeo, el audio, los boletines y las alertas informativas, los wearables, los altavoces inteligentes y la automatización. En esta etapa se normaliza la producción de contenido informativo específico para ser distribuido y consumido a través de diferentes dispositivos móviles, adaptándose viejos formatos y surgiendo otros propios del medio.
... 22). Además, afirma Lupton que en esta sociedad digital se ha pasado de un modelo jerárquico de poder (con estructuras fijas) a un poder basado en la comunicación, un modelo horizontal, líquido y vivo y, lo que es más importante, un poder que, gracias a las tecnologías, vigila, lo ve todo y lo sabe todo de sus ciudadanos (Beer 2013;Best, 2010;Featherstone, 2009). Un poder cada vez más sutil, imperceptible, como diría Lash (2007), un poder invisible e incluso al que se someten los ciudadanos de manera voluntaria. ...
Esta obra "Redes sociales, influencers y marketing digital en el patrimonio his- tórico-artístico. Un reto de la sociedad postdigital", tiene como finalidad dar respuesta al papel de la comunicación en el patrimonio cultural. Para ello, se plantean interrogantes, reflexiones y aportaciones teóricas que hacen referencia al papel de consumidores-prosumidores, la proyección de la comunicación digital, la ética y la mediación patrimonial, las políticas culturales, el marketing 4.0 en la empresa patrimonial, la marca digital, el branded content y los influencers.
Todos estos temas ayudarán a profundizar en la necesidad de la comunicación y el marketing para la correcta gestión patrimonial y amplificación del impacto cultural, económico y social.
Esta publicación es el resultado de investigaciones y reflexiones desarrolladas por docentes de la comunicación y la educación en distintas universidades e instituciones españolas.
... New fashion worlds were literally brought to life through the internet, and the emerging online-offline choreography offered great potential to reconstruct the ways of practicing and performing fashion. Virtual spaces can be as lively as physical spaces, and the internet has created a number of ways in which fashion can take on and live in unexpected forms (Featherstone, 2009). ...
Fashion shows are one of the most important promotion areas of the fashion sector today, as promotions made with models accompanied by a specific place, music, dance and choreography, in order to introduce clothes designed by considering seasonal conditions, fashion, models and colors in a certain period of time. The exhibition process is as important a detail as the design of the collection pieces created by the designer. The exhibition of artworks at the end of the design process continues from past to present. From past to present, designers have been applying different exhibition techniques every day to attract attention and arouse curiosity. Along with the venue chosen during the exhibition, subjects such as music, stage design, ambient scent, and model selection are meticulously determined by the designer team. Fashion shows, which are increasingly important today and become traditional within the scope of fashion weeks, are seen as a very effective tool in the field of fashion marketing, both in terms of the success of the brand, product sales and attracting the attention of the press. Especially during the pandemic process we are in, the question of how big production fashion shows and collection presentations performed by brands will take their place in the new world order is a very important question. Fashion shows have a great place in the standing of the textile and ready-made clothing industry, which is one of the most important sectors in the world and plays an important role in the economic development process of many countries. In this context, although virtual fashion shows are not a new practice for the fashion sector, in this study, it is tried to reveal how they are made in today's conditions and what they provide to brands, businesses and designers.
... • Portable infotainment center: As multimedia dissemination tools [13][14][15], mobile terminals have become the personal infotainment center. Users can do various operations via applications, such as creating and archiving content [16], playing games, taking pictures, and staying active on social media [17]. • Social relationship's promoter: The mobile media strengthen the personal ties by connecting individuals to the society [18], which can expand social networks and influence interpersonal relationships among mobile users [19]. ...
With the rapid growth of mobile media, large quantities of mobile content have been generated by moving entities. Some content generation patterns become popular for users and professional organizations, e.g., user-generated content, professionally-generated content, machine-generated content. However, due to the limitations of device types and functions, it is necessary to explore the new production tools and further inspire the content potential in mobile scenarios. According to the production capacity supported by Internet of Vehicles, intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) emerge as new content generated devices in sustainable cities. In this paper, we propose the concept of Mobile-Generated Content (MoGC) as a new part of production patterns. First, we analyze the relationship between MoGC and existing patterns from the perspectives of entity and workflow. Second, the unique functionality and social property of MoGC are revealed, i.e., ICVs play the role of middle platform with data and technology offices. The current dominant discourse created by the professional institutions (e.g., media agency or governing authority) will transfer to the vehicle users. In this way, the content generation system has been further enriched in omni-media environments through efficiently integrating productivity tools and resources. Besides, MoGC not only contributes to social governance by enlarging the news source and coverage, but also strengthen the personal discourse in mobile scenarios.
... ova dva "kanala" digitalizacija je prodirala u sve oblike poslovanja i svakodnevnoga života, i to tako da su digitalne tehnologije postale konstitutivnim dijelom naše ljudskosti (Miller i Horst, 2012). Stoga se danas Castellsova (2000) predviđanja o digitalno umreženom društvu smatraju točnima, a društvene znanosti više ne propitkuju utječe li digitalna tehnologija na društvo, nego se bave istraživanjem i razumijevanjem promjena koje su digitalne tehnologije unijele u način na koji se konceptualiziraju dobra (Featherstone, 2009), mijenjaju odnosi moći (Lupton, 2015) i proizvodi ekonomska vrijednost (Haskel i Westlake, 2018). U okviru rasprava o novim načinima stvaranja ekonomske vrijednosti poseban je naglasak na poduzetništvu utemeljenom na novim tehnologijama. ...
The paper analyses the attitudes towards digital enterprises and digital transformation in Croatia. The research was conducted in two steps by using semi-structured interviews (N = 17) and focus group (N = 17) qualitative methods. All the research participants had agreed to the recording of the interviews and the focus group. The recorded material was literally transcribed. The discursive analysis of transcripts showed that research participants connected digitalization with modernization and the creation of real, digitally born enterprises. Research participants suggested that the process of digital transformation was perceived as irreversible evolutionary change and that Croatia was lagging behind within the EU and globally. Research participants suggested that Croatia needed a strategic turnaround and the main barriers for this strategic change were embedded in the political and public sectors.
... 43 Significantly, twenty-first century technological developments in the form of the internet, mobile devices, CD-ROMS, DVDs, and ever-increasing numbers of television channels now enabled the media to spread their message across a variety of platforms and increase exponentially their ability to reach more people than ever before. 44 It is interesting to consider what inspired the media to deem the anniversary in 2003 worthy of such coverage. After all, its treatment of the fortieth anniversary in 1993 had been nominal. ...
This article analyses the politics of anniversaries through examination of the role that the anniversary of the East German uprising of 17 June 1953 has played in German politics since 1990. Prior to reunification, West Germany commemorated the date as the ‘Tag der deutschen Einheit’. This annual public holiday was a chance for politicians to express their views on the possibility of German unification and to lambast the East German regime. After 3 October became the ‘Tag der Deutschen Einheit’ in 1990, German politicians all but ignored the anniversary of 17 June until political commemoration of the date enjoyed a revival in 2003. The article argues for a development of Jeffrey K. Olick's framework of ‘genre memory’ regarding the drivers of political mnemonic activity. It shows that, alongside social and political contexts, the contemporary ‘media context’ and its ability to inspire politicians to commemorate a historical anniversary must also be considered. The technology‐led ubiquity of the media in the twenty‐first century enables them to impact the political‐historical agenda as never before. Moreover, the analysis here reveals that the ‘anniversary context’ of a date must also be taken into account. Political actors can be motivated to commemorate a historical anniversary by its perceived links with other significant dates in the same historical canon.
... In the case of digital technologies such as digital maps, this underlines the importance of remaining sensitive (throughout analysis) to the processes by which materials become 'takenfor-granted' (Throop and Murphy, 2002, p. 196;Ling, 2012a, p. 14). For instance, how ubiquitous media (such as smartphones) become embedded within people's everyday routines (Featherstone, 2009), and how meanings operate within that process of embedding. ...
This thesis provides a theoretical contribution towards understanding how, and to what extent, people’s engagements with digital maps feature in the constitution of their social practices. Existing theory tends not to focus on people as active interpreters that engage with digital maps across a variety of contexts, or on the influence of their map use on wider sets of social practices. Addressing this, the thesis draws on practice theory, media studies, and internet studies to develop a conceptual framework, applying it to empirical findings to address three research questions: (1) How do people engage with digital maps; (2) How do people engage with the web-based affordances of digital maps, such as those for collaboration, sharing, and end-user amendment/generation of content; and (3) What influence does people’s engagement with digital maps have on the way they perform wider sets of social practices? The research provides insights from three contexts, each operating at a different temporal scale: home choice covers longer-term processes of selecting and viewing properties before buying or renting; countryside leisure-walking covers mid-term processes of route-planning and assessment; University orientation covers shorter-term processes of navigation and gaining orientation around campus. Those insights are gathered through: a scoping survey (N=260) to identify relevant contexts; 32 semi-structured interviews to initiate data analysis; and 3 focus groups to gather participant feedback (member validation) on the emerging analysis. The approach to data analysis borrows heavily from constructivist grounded theory (albeit sensitised by practice theory ontology) to generate seven concepts. Together, the concepts constitute a practicetheory oriented digital sociology of map use. Overall, this thesis argues that digital maps are engaged with as mundane technologies that partially anchor people’s senses of place and security (physical and ontological), their performance of practices and social positions, and more broadly, the movement and distribution of bodies in space.
... В результате цифровизации само знание превращается в информацию или данные, которые цифровые алгоритмы могут использовать непосредственно, а интернет формирует принципиально новую научную платформу для исследований, обучения и взаимодействия [45][46]. При этом, повсеместным становится также использование цифровых кодов (образов) людей, вещей и мест пребывания [47][48]. ...
Based on the analysis of a vast massif of multilingual scientific literature in the broad context, the author examines the development of the perception of the phenomenon of the digital transformation of society as a whole and science in particular. Since digital transformation is happening "here and now," objectively ahead of the scientific knowledge of the essence and consequences of this phenomenon, the current results of understanding this large-scale multi-level process are objectively partial and incomplete. However, clarification of the content of this concept and the formation of analytical constructs that would unambiguously describe the specificity of the new social reality are necessary for the theory and management practice. The author notes that the academic concept of the digital transformation of science did not wholly form and is dynamically changing following the development of reality. Analysis of the scope of ideas about digital transformation and various accompanying concepts allows formulating perceptions on the essence of this phenomenon applied to the sphere of science. The paper demonstrates the dual character of the impact of digitalization upon the science and social function of knowledge.
... Ya sea por la decisión explicita de los usuarios involucrados o por la experticia propia del aparato de automáticamente sentir y registrar los eventos o intercambios de información, se producen grandes estelas o migas de datos de variadas interacciones diarias. De modo que la ubicuidad de los medios digitales crea un nuevo ambiente en que cada cosa 3 alrededor nuestro estaría constantemente transmitiendo y coleccionando información en tiempo real sobre nuestros movimientos, hábitos, preferencias, etc. (Featherstone, 2009). La preponderancia llega a tal, que ya no solo los humanos, sino que los propios aparatos y softwares digitales se constituyen cada vez más en verdaderos arqueólogos del conocimiento (Ernst, 2012), pues van seleccionando qué información, en qué formato y en qué lenguaje guardarlas y archivarlas. ...
Las acciones de innumerables actores no sólo están siendo crecientemente mediadas por tecnologías y medios digitales, sino que además son inscritas en largas bases de datos que con métodos tradicionales sería dificultoso de manejar. Estos rastros digitales despliegan lo social en una nueva escala y están siendo recientemente reorientados desde las ciencias sociales. El presente artículo se propone dar breve revista a la literatura en torno a los denominados Big Data y métodos digitales, temas poco explorado hasta el momento en la región y que pueden constituirse como una valiosa fuente de información para la investigación social. Sin embargo, se destaca el peligro de terminar naturalizando la información digital, sobre todo ante la promesa de una mayor automatización y predicción. Desde un enfoque relacional se problematiza que detrás de la data digital existe una vida social con múltiples y heterogéneas entidades interfiriendo con diversos intereses. Esto nos compele a abrir los códigos y afirmar constantemente las limitaciones y “sesgos digitales” que se generan al analizar estos datos, pues darán cuenta de dinámicas sociales y asimetrías de poder empíricamente relevantes. En particular, examinamos a modo de ejemplo lo efímero que puede ser la Web, constituyéndose como un archivo digital dinámico siempre parcial y limitado. Producto de esta limitación, los estudios digitales se han restringido a temporalidades acotadas, cuando la incompletitud y falta de archivación de la Web deben ser problematizadas. Temas como éste, así como las nuevas brechas digitales esbozadas al final del artículo, demandan ser estudiadas críticamente desde Latinoamérica y el Sur global
... By attending to the dialectics of change and continuity in the recent history of media war and exploring how the dynamics of media war today are quite different from those which characterized the bygone age of scarcity, mass transmissive, and few-tomany TV broadcasting, this chapter theorizes and interrogates the early twentyfirst century's "ubiquitous media war." Featherstone (2009) says that "theorizing ubiquitous media" is an "integral part of theorizing culture and society today" (3) and that the intensity of change "invite[s] a range of responses" (13). My response conceptualizes the ubiquitous media war as one in which many actors use many devices and platforms to interactively produce, distribute, exhibit, and consume a glut of content (e.g., texts, images, videos, films, TV shows, video games, likes, shares, retweets and more) about the circumstances, happening and events of a real war, anytime and anywhere. ...
The goal of this chapter is to explore media war dynamics in an age of ubiquitous, interactive, and many-to-many digital networks and platforms. By attending to the dialectics of change and continuity in the recent history of media war and exploring how the dynamics of media war today are quite different from those which characterized the bygone age of scarcity, mass transmissive, and few-to-many TV broadcasting, this chapter theorizes and interrogates the early twenty first century’s “ubiquitous media war.” It conceptualizes the ubiquitous media war as one in which many actors use many devices and platforms to interactively produce, distribute, exhibit, and consume a glut of content (e.g., texts, images, videos, films, TV shows, video games, likes, shares, retweets and more) about the circumstances, happening and events of a real war, anytime and anywhere. To this end, the first section offers a brief review of relevant political economy of communications and critical media studies literature on the topic of war, militarism, and the media. The second section centers on a shift from “mass media war” to ubiquitous media war as occurring in the space between the “Shock and Awe” that launched “Operation Iraqi Freedom” (2003–2011) and the present US war against ISIS in Iraq, or “Operation Inherent Resolve” (2014– present). The third section highlights seven significant characteristics of the ubiquitous media war. It shows the ubiquitous media war to be ubiquitous with regard to: (1) sources of content; (2) workers; (3) types of stories; (4) access points; (5) time; (6) space; and (7) data. Overall, the chapter aims to periodize , conceptualize and clarify the new conditions and characteristics of ubiquitous media war to problematize old paradigms that put the military-media complex in total “command and control” of modern media wars.
... 34 Luhmann (200034 Luhmann ( [1996) The Reality of the Mass Media, p. 99. 35 On the "ubiquity" and "social embeddedness" of digital media: Featherstone (2009) 'Ubiquitous media'; Howard (2004) 'Embedded media'. more traditional institutions (the so-called "quality press") increasingly strive to distinguish themselves as the only sources of "reliable information". ...
The rise and spread of the Internet has accelerated the global flows of money, technology and information that are increasingly perceived as a challenge to the traditional regulatory powers of nation states and the effectiveness of their constitutions. The acceleration of these flows poses new legal and political problems to their regulation and control, as shown by recent conflicts between Google and the European Union (EU).
This book investigates the transnational constitutional dimension of recent conflicts between Google and the EU in the areas of competition, taxation and human rights. More than a simple case study, it explores how the new conflicts originating from the worldwide expansion of the Internet economy are being dealt with by the institutional mechanisms available at the European level. The analysis of these conflicts exposes the tensions and contradictions between, on the one hand, legal and political systems that are limited by territory, and, on the other hand, the inherently global functioning of the Internet. The EU’s promising initiatives to extend the protection of privacy in cyberspace set the stage for a broader dialogue on constitutional problems related to the enforcement of fundamental rights and the legitimate exercise of power that are common to different legal orders of world society. Nevertheless, the different ways of dealing with the competition and fiscal aspects of the conflicts with Google also indicate the same limits that are generally attributed to the very project of European integration, showing that the constitutionalization of the economy tends to outpace the constitutionalization of politics.
Providing a detailed account of the unfolding of these conflicts, and their wider consequences to the future of the Internet, this book will appeal to scholars working in EU law, international law and constitutional law, as well as those in the fields of political science and sociology.
... The widespread significance of the Internet across the world has become central to everyday life and work, presenting opportunities for digital economies, policy makers, technologists and societies to bring an ensemble of technological innovations into being (Dutton, 2013). In that, digitalization has restructured the way in which material is stored and accessed, thereby promising increased speed, scope and accessibility to digitalized information (Featherstone, 2009). With digital innovation platforms on the rise, service providers no longer find value in standalone enterprise data-models as a sustainable or robust way to serve the needs of businesses. ...
... The widespread significance of the Internet across the world has become central to everyday life and work, presenting opportunities for digital economies, policy makers, technologists and societies to bring an ensemble of technological innovations into being (Dutton, 2013). In that, digitalization has restructured the way in which material is stored and accessed, thereby promising increased speed, scope and accessibility to digitalized information (Featherstone, 2009). With digital innovation platforms on the rise, service providers no longer find value in standalone enterprise data--models as a sustainable or robust way to serve the needs of businesses. ...
In recent times, the design of technology platforms has been largely driven by the optimization of data flows in large-scale urban initiatives. Even though many platforms have good intentions, rising expectations for data efficiency and reliability, the configuration of users and user’s interactions inevitably have ethical consequences. It has become increasingly difficult to foresee how a wide diversity of users fares against a spatially complex and materially incomplete management and distribution of data flows. Through the logic of platformization, we explore how this plays out in the context of open mapping platforms - in the case of an individual elderly street-mapper, Stig. Drawing from design anthropology, we present an anecdotal account of Stig’s experiences of street mapping, showcasing his attempts to adapt to the demands of the mapping platform sometimes at the expense of his own wellbeing. Opening up to the complexity of the situation, we discuss the ethical dissonances of platforms, hence questioning the role of design in such complex modes of data production and consumption.
Pastaruoju metu išplitusi vaizdo ir vaizdumo tyrinėjimų gausa įteigia supratimą, jog kultūroje vyksta tam tikras visual turn. Šios srities tyrinėjimų iškilimas siejamas su naujų vaizdinių informacinių bei telekomunikacinių technologijų įsivyravimu. Toks aiškinimas gana vienpusiškas. Gvildenant filosofines ir ontologines visual turn prielaidas būtina prisiminti M. Heideggerio išskleistą įžvalgą, jog esminis Naujųjų laikų bruožas yra nulemtas tokio Būties išsislaptinimo, kad pasaulis virsta priešais stovinčiu vaizdu. Tad ir Naujiesiems laikams būdingas susisaistęs mokslo, technikos ir gamybos kompleksas neišvengiamai pereina į vaizdų gamybos, jų prekinės sklaidos ir vartojimo režimą, kuriuo nusakoma postmodernybė. Sparti informacinių telekomunikacinių technologijų raida formuoja ir įtvirtina reklamavimo(si) palaikomą medijų kultūrą, veikiančią visus kultūros segmentus. Tad pasaulio vaizde esama ryškaus reklaminio bruožo. Tokį pasaulį atitinka ir žmogaus veiklą grindžianti nuostata kurti save kaip socialinei terpei ir įvairioms rinkoms galimą pateikti vaizdą ir įvaizdį.
A finalidade da presente reflexão passa por identificar e compreender as diferentes fases que compõem a cobertura jornalística do complexo de incêndios de Pedrogão Grande. Nesta medida, tem-se como objeto de estudo, a cobertura realizada pelos media portugueses ao longo das duas primeiras semanas, contribuindo para o campo de estudo da comunicação de crise. A análise terá como eixo a linha cronológica da cobertura realizada pelos media portugueses ao longo das duas semanas subsequentes ao início do incêndio. Para operacionalizar este objetivo, realizou-se a análise de conteúdo, com uma amostra de 427 notícias. Os resultados demonstram, que não obstante um intenso interesse dos agentes mediáticos, a cobertura se pautou pela omissão das causas que estão a montante dos acontecimentos de Pedrogão Grande, nomeadamente as alterações climáticas e a desertificação do interior rural português. A principal conclusão postula que os media portugueses, embora intensamente interessados ao longo de duas semanas, não procederam à cobertura, em termos genéricos, das causas do fenómeno, contribuindo para a sua invisibilidade mediática e pública.
Digital communication technologies construct a new living environment where social structures are replaced by ICT structures that determine the conditions for a person’s development and self-expression together with cultural productivity. New social relationships are also replaced by reflexion based on theoretical thought. Reflexion is adapted to, or adapts to the efficacy (efficiency) of market information communication efficacy, which then replaces the search for truth. Technologically-based thinking becomes the practice of communication, while the influence of media theory is increasingly felt in the field of cultural studies. The media dimension is apparent in all fields of culture, while the system of culture is viewed as the totality of certain media, which warrants the accumulation, maintenance, and utilization of cultural practices, symbols, and values. Media theories and texts do not express certain points of view and particular insights, but are used as efficient technologies, which is why the aim of efficacy becomes prevalent in cultural studies, while being evaluated by the dimension of efficiency. Media theories help cultural industries to adopt cultural memory, wherein living memory is inscribed into discursive symbolic structures and is adapted to media products. Thus, primary memory is replaced by the products of cultural industries. In the field of cultural studies, cultural memory is prepared for “manufacture“ by digitization, while theoretical efficacy is sought through the consolidation of projected thought. A question arises – how should a cultural studies, or humanities scholars in general, who seeks to preserve a semblance of truth, behave in the face of the industrialization and technologization of consciousness, memory, and reflexion.
How do the flexibilized scenes of cruel optimism crystallize and resonate with the situational displays of crises as a governmental oversight? Centering around this question, the paper aims to offer a critical fulcrum for problematic attachments toward future-mediated fantasies in the aftermath of the Kahramanmaras earthquakes. It starts with evaluating how the pastoral mode was applied as a cruel diagram of positivity by the Turkish government through the omnipresent prowess of the media, which presents an ‘ordinaryizing’ affect in regularizing the fatalistic discourses and relief efforts. It then continues to analyze the retributive discourses by the politicians and officials that triggered the oscillatory porosity among varied (de)subjectivities, toggling between sovereign misrecognitions and exclusions, as well as spiritually vivifying the optimistic barriers of cruelty. Lastly, it discusses in what ways the hopeful projections reconciled with the preemption by the dominant scientific narratives paradoxically prolong the preexistence of uncertainty and trust.
There is a wealth of theory on how to make better maps, dating to antiquity (Barber & Harper, Magnificent maps: power, propaganda and art. The British Library, 2010), yet map use has long been under-theorised; the first formal theory to include end-users emerged only in the early 1900s. Since then, discussion of how to include end-users in the design process, and on how maps operate within use has flourished—albeit following a tradition that has neglected any wider social consequences of such use. By charting the development and diversification of cartographic thought over time, this chapter outlines its differing conceptions of map use and users. It compliments the socio-technical history of digital maps discussed in the previous chapter by adding various concepts and strands of thought, referred back to in later chapters. It starts with academic cartography and descendent map-communication models. It then traverses cartographic thought-steeped cognitive-behaviouralism, semiotics, analytical cartography (the foundation of GIS), critical cartography, mobile media studies, and platform capitalism. Throughout, it finds a sustained lack of concern for theorising engagement with digital maps beyond the moment of use, highlighting it as a critical gap in thought that persists today, limiting our knowledge of how extensively digital maps feature in the constitution of everyday life.
In the tradition of pragmatism and symbolic interactionism, the self is constituted in social interaction. After outlining this connection, the paper examines the consequences of audiovisual mediatization in the last decades of the twentieth century and the implications of digital mediatization in the twenty-first century for the self, which is questioned by these developments. It will be shown that media-induced transformations of the self are occurring. Nevertheless, it continues to have an important significance for the initiation of creative processes and for the possibility of emancipation.
Teknolojinin hızla geliştiği günümüzde yapay zekâ çoğu alanda olduğu gibi sinemada da kendine yer bulmuştur. Özellikle son yıllarda yapay zekâ, sinema sektöründe üretimi kolaylaştırdığı için tercih sebebi haline gelmiştir. Ancak bu süreç, bir geçiş dönemi olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu geçiş süreci her ne kadar bireysel üreticinin lehine gibi görünse de ilerleyen dönemlerde sinema endüstrisinin aleyhinde sonuçlanma riski taşımaktadır. Henüz kurallara ve yasalara tabi olmayan ve sinema sektöründeki kullanımı oldukça yeni olan yapay zekânın denetimsiz bir şekilde kullanımının sonuçları ile ilgili çok az araştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı sinema sektöründe yapay zekânın kullanım amaçları ve yapay zekâ teknolojisiyle üretilen filmlere ilişkin özgün bir değerlendirmede bulunmaktır. Araştırmada yapay zekâ tabanlı teknolojinin ilk defa kullanıldığı film örnekleri belirlenmiş ve kullanım kolaylığı açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma, bu örneklerin üretim öncesi, üretim ve üretim sonrası aşamalarına odaklanarak aynı zamanda bu yeni teknolojiyle birlikte içerik ve biçim konusundaki çalışmaların nasıl bir değişim geçirdiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca yapay zekâ teknolojisinin diğer sanat alanlarına getirdiği yenilikler ve bunun sonuçları çeşitli yönleriyle tartışmaya açılmıştır.
Leading media scholars consider the social and cultural changes that come with the contemporary development of ubiquitous computing.
Ubiquitous computing and our cultural life promise to become completely interwoven: technical currents feed into our screen culture of digital television, video, home computers, movies, and high-resolution advertising displays. Technology has become at once larger and smaller, mobile and ambient. In Throughout, leading writers on new media—including Jay David Bolter, Mark Hansen, N. Katherine Hayles, and Lev Manovich—take on the crucial challenges that ubiquitous and pervasive computing pose for cultural theory and criticism.
The thirty-four contributing researchers consider the visual sense and sensations of living with a ubicomp culture; electronic sounds from the uncanny to the unremarkable; the effects of ubicomp on communication, including mobility, transmateriality, and infinite availability; general trends and concrete specificities of interaction designs; the affectivity in ubicomp experiences, including performances; context awareness; and claims on the “real” in the use of such terms as “augmented reality” and “mixed reality.”
Taking the screenshot as a primary object to think with about some of the contours and dynamics of photography’s contemporary expanded field, this chapter argues that the very elasticity of photography’s identity in the smartphone and social media era is epistemically, existentially and aesthetically productive. It enables the relocation of photography to new digital arenas of human experience, action, and being. Such an expansion needs to be theorized as a consequence of processes of active recollection and reconfiguration: in other words, of cultural memory. The paper does not dwell, however, on the extensively researched insight that photography is an agent of cultural memory; rather, it emphasizes a converse proposition: that cultural memory is an agent of photography, that photography’s expansion is enabled by our remembrance of the medium. The screenshot is a key manifestation of that memory, helping to anchor and reconfigure cultural practices, epistemologies and experiences in an era of ubiquitous media.
The doi for the whole book is: https://doi.org/10.55309/c3ie61k5
A edição número 26 da Inter-Legere, Revista de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais da UFRN, é o Dossiê "SOCIOLOGIA DIGITAL". As tecnologias digitais transformaram profundamente os modos de vida da sociedade contemporânea. As relações sociais, os hábitos de compras, e as atividades mais simples da vida cotidiana ganharam novas possibilidades e novos significados com o surgimento de novos modos de interação virtual, com o império dos algoritmos, o boom do e-commerce, e novas formas de obter lucro com a postagem de fotos e vídeos em plataformas como YouTube e Instagram. Neste número, além deste editorial, publicamos 3 artigos temáticos, 2 resenhas e 1 entrevista.
This chapter discusses Korea’s biggest political scandal in modern history (the so-called Choi Soon-sil-gate) from the viewpoint of mediatized Korean shamanism. Cottle’s (Mediatized ritual: Beyond manufacturing consent. Media, Culture, & Society, 28(3), 411–432, 2006) framework of mediatized ritual and media events is used for a discussion of the scandal. The chapter examines how mediatized Korean shamanism can be associated with dark shamanism along with the media frame of the scandal. By contrasting the mediatized ritual of Choi Soon-sil-gate with other two mediatized rituals in 2002, this chapter finds that these mediatized rituals are different expressions of the inherited dynamics of Korean shamanism. This chapter also finds that Korean shamanism today, with its original meaning almost completely de-territorialized, provides enough space for dark shamanism to become territorialized in the neoliberal Korean media environment.KeywordsChoi Soon-sil-gateMediatized ritualMedia eventDark shamanism
When virtual and material worlds collide
This paper explores the impact of digitally mediated communication technologies on the fashion industry. It argues that the material and virtual worlds of fashion are perpetually intersecting social realities that coexist relationally, simultaneously, and in mutual interconnection. The paper explores these shifting fashion landscapes from three different perspectives in order to understand how fashion worlds are being transformed, enhanced, and reproduced in space and time. First, it argues that emerging digital technologies are remediating and reshaping existing cultural forms of signification such as fashion magazines and photography. Second, it explores the Internet’s potential disintermediating effects on fashion markets and consumption, to determine the extent to which digital technology is enabling the devolution of fashion authority from traditional power brokers, such as magazine editors and designers, towards a more diversified array of participants, including fashion bloggers and consumers. Finally, this article considers the ways in which digital technology is transforming fashion consumption. The Internet has opened up new spaces of fashion consumption with unprecedented levels of ubiquity, immersion, fluidity, and interactivity. Fashion spaces are increasingly mobile; they must follow us around, travel with us through time and space. The network effects made possible by the Internet are enabling the creation of always-on, always-connected consumer communities. Increasingly, we are adrift not online but offline. This is generating new ways of being in space, with the absence of physical presence becoming second nature. Taken together, the collision between virtual and material fashion spaces requires a fundamental overhaul of our understanding of the role of fashion production, consumption, and knowledge, and of the laws of markets.
India has the highest number of Instagram users in the world. This article examines Instagram, the mobility, and the digital media practices of Delhi Metro commuters before and during the COVID -19 pandemic. In particular, it looks at their photography of everyday lived experiences, their mediated interactions with one another, and the visible-invisible infrastructure in the city. It draws attention to the complexity of digital production, personal archiving, and circulation networks at play. Foregrounding the changing ‘geographies of social media’, a qualitative, digital ethnographic approach analyses these images’ visual, social, and contextual aspects. Also, a range of convergent practices related to individuals, places, and socio-cultural-political-economic-technological realities influence the images. Eventually, a narrative emerges on how these metro travellers inhabit offline and online public spaces, exchange cultural capital, and perform the affective, mediated negotiation of the city.
Hane halkı gelirinin, toplum sağlığı üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğuna dair birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu
etkilerin incelenmesi için, mutlak gelir hipotezi, nispi gelir hipotezi ve gelir eşitsizliği hipotezleri gibi birtakım hipotezler
ortaya atılmıştır. Mutlak gelir hipotezi, gelirde meydana gelen artışın sağlık düzeyini aynı oranda iyileştirdiğini öne
sürmektedir. Nispi gelir hipotezinde, bireylerin sağlık durumunu belirleyen etkenin mutlak gelirde meydana gelen artışın
değil, bireyin içinde yaşadığı toplumun gelir düzeyi ile ilişkili olduğu ifade edilmektedir (Wilkinson, 1996, 2001).
Gelir eşitsizliği hipotezinde ise, gelir eşitsizliği ve sağlık sorunları arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş ve gelir dağılımdaki
adaletsizliğin artmasının, sağlık üzerinde büyük ölçüde zararlı etkiler bırakabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı gelir eşitsizliği ile bebek ölümleri ve yaşam beklentisi arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyerek Türkiye’de
gelir eşitsizliği hipotezinin geçerli olup/olmadığını analiz etmektir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde gelir, gelir dağılımı ve
sağlık arasındaki ilişkinin teorik çerçevesine yer verilmiş, üçüncü bölümde mutlak gelir hipotezi, nispi gelir hipotezi ve
gelir eşitsizliği hipotezlerinin ulusal ve uluslararası boyutta geçerliliğini sorgulayan ampirik literatür gözden geçirilmiş,
dördüncü bölümde veri, model, yöntem ve analiz sonuçlarına yer verilmiş ve beşinci bölümde ise sonuç ve öneriler ile
çalışma sonlandırılmıştır.
This article focuses on licensing – the practise of brand ‘extension’ – to investigate global media distribution as it contingently emerges from the infrastructural spaces of professional trade events. Licensing expos are not only aesthetic, legal and financial compounds that ‘produce’ media distribution by coordinating the exchange of economic assets and the provision of adaptations, ancillary goods and ‘scripted experiences’ for global blockbuster films and media franchises. They are also sites where diffuse forms of power circulate within and against the bodies of their attendees through assemblages of data, objects, architectures and repeatable technical standards. Through multi-sited participant observation at these affective infrastructures, the paper argues that the production of media distribution is inseparable from the production of subjectivities – of the professionals that make these events as well as the active audiences whose behaviours they aim at envisioning, preempting and shaping.
The term “new media” represents a complex field with a jungle of concepts and with increasing number of publications [1]. In parallel, the rapidly changing digital trends indicate further challenges to find relevant definitions or theories for new media. The study argues that the most definitive trends are rooted in the technology-driven paradigm shifts from digitalisation to smart and (narrow) AI [2]. These principal paradigms of digital technology facilitate the changing media logics [3] with several facilitators and effects in society, culture and business [4]. The question is how technological trends and their business models are manifested and what kind of forces, needs and values support them. Thus, the purpose of the study is to conceptualise the changing new media landscape along the digital transformation [5]. The method, trend level analysis supports the understanding. Additionally, Fjord trend report [6] extends this conceptualisation with interpretative and human-focused metaphors from designed intelligence to unusual business approach. Last but not least, the study discusses the possible extreme outputs of technology-driven media as ubiquitous media or invisible media. With these steps, the paper summarises the past decades and paradigm shifts of the new media in three dimensions to introduce the term of NSAI (new-smart-AI) media.
This paper serves as an introduction to the special section on Global Culture Revisited which commemorates the 30th anniversary of the publication of the 1990 Global Culture special issue. It examines the development of interest in the various strands of globalization and the question of whether there can be a global culture. The paper discusses the emergence of alternative global histories and the problematization of global knowledge. It examines the view that the current Covid-19 pandemic signals a turning point, or change of epoch, that marks the end of peak globalization (Gray, Mignolo). The paper also discusses the view that global was always a limited cartographic term which failed to adequately grasp our terrestrial location on the earth (Latour). Currently, there is considerable speculation about the emergent politics of a new world order, with civilizational states set alongside nation-states, opening up an epoch of greater pluriversality, and at the same time greater uncertainty.
In der Tradition des Pragmatismus und des Symbolischen Interaktionismus konstituiert sich das Selbst in der sozialen Interaktion. Nach einer Darstellung dieses Zusammenhangs untersucht der Beitrag die Folgen der audiovisuellen Mediatisierung in den letzten Jahrzehnten des 20. Jahrhunderts und die Implikationen der digitalen Mediatisierung im 21. Jahrhundert für das Selbst, das durch diese Entwicklungen infrage gestellt wird. Es wird gezeigt, dass es zu medial bedingten Transformationen des Selbst kommt. Dennoch hat es weiterhin eine wichtige Bedeutung für die Initiierung von kreativen Prozessen und für die Möglichkeit von Emanzipation.
Intergroup encounters can often become difficult conversations in which power relations and disagreements are perpetuated and re‐enacted through the interaction and communication between the participating groups. Thus, especially in asymmetric settings, moral inclusion and moral responsibility toward members of other groups are crucial to dialogue, conflict resolution, and reconciliation. Yet it is exactly the circumstances of asymmetry—involving threat and dehumanization—that pose barriers to the elicitation and sustaining of moral concern. Drawing on and integrating two separate research traditions—the psychology of intergroup conflict, dialogue and peace building, and communication research on “mediated suffering”—this article discusses perceptions, representations, and emotions that underlie recognition of and empathy toward the suffering of others with the aim of increasing our understanding of when and how we can be brought—through mediated and unmediated dialogues and encounters—to care about the suffering of others.
Der Beitrag thematisiert theoretische Perspektiven und Begrifflichkeiten, mit denen gesellschaftliche Dynamiken als (Post-)Moderne, Wissensgesellschaft, Informationsgesellschaft, postindustrielle Gesellschaft oder flüssige Moderne gefasst werden. Wie deutlich wird, haben digitale Praktiken Anteil an diesen Entwicklungen. Sie konstituieren Gemeinschaften und Subjekte, sie sind Teil von Regierungsformen, Macht, Ideologie, Ungleichheit und damit politischer und ökonomischer Entwicklungen in neoliberalen Zeiten.
In this introduction to the volume, Fewkes discusses several questions that guided the development of this book and themes that emerge from the chapters presented here. She argues that we can study mobile apps in relation to the history of digital media as a whole and also as a unique phenomenon due to the ubiquity of this technological platform. Fewkes discusses the significance of an anthropological orientation of this book in terms of methodological choices and holistic perspectives. The chapter also contains an explanation of the book’s organization and identifies how each chapter fits with the themed sub-sections of the volume.
What is the time of media today? Is there a time of and for the media?...
Qual é hoje o tempo dos média? Existe um tempo dos média e para os média?...
21. yüzyılda dijitalleşmenin en önemli göstergelerinden biri, bilgisayarlaşmanın her çevreyi
domine etmeye başlamasıdır. Elektronik cihazların birbirleriyle ağlar üzerinden iletişime
geçtiği ve kullanıcının istediği zaman belirli ağlar üzerinden istediği işlemleri yapabildiği
bu “yaygın bilişim” düzeninin kurulmasında, makine öğrenme yöntemlerinin gelişmesi
önemli ölçüde pay sahibidir. Bilgisayar sinir ağlarının derin öğrenme aracılığıyla ilerlemeler
göstermesi, kültürel alanda da gelişmelere yol açmıştır. Dijital hikaye anlatıcılığı; dijital
araçlar aracılığıyla ağ bağlantılı katılım veya etkileşim biçimlerine sahip, dijital platformlar
üzerinden sunulan ve tüketilen hikayeleri içermektedir. Internet dijital çağın anlatıları için
önemli bir platform sunmakla birlikte, sanal ve artırılmış gerçekliklerin yanı sıra yapay
zeka da hikaye anlatma ve anlamlandırma süreçlerini etkilemektedir. Uzun yıllar boyunca
bilimkurgu anlatılarında bahsi geçen yapay zeka, genellikle geleceğin bize neler getireceği
konusu üzerinden yorumlanırken artık bugünkü hayatımızın içine giren bir yapıya
kavuşmuştur. Yazılı ve görsel medyanın alanlarına dahil olan yapay zeka; kitap yazımından
müzikal bir eser yaratımına, video oyunlarından müzelere dek birçok kültürel alanda yeni
ufuklara yelken açmaktadır. Bugüne kadar anlattığı binlerce hikayede yapay zekayı konu
edinen sinema da, bu gelişmenin dışında tutulamaz.
Bu çalışma kapsamında dijital hikaye anlatıcılığında yeni bir aşama olan yapay zeka
teknolojisinin sinema endüstrisine ve anlatım olanaklarına yönelik etkisi, “Sunspring” ve
“It’s No Game” isimli iki kısa film üzerinden incelenecektir. Adı geçen filmler, anlatıları
açısından analize tabi tutulacaktır.
Our contribution deals with specific character of contemporary hybrid war represented in digital media. The main element of actual political performances is such ambivalent narrative construction like narratives of crisis reflecting political postmodernism in media spheres. Actual political narrative encompasses all crucial components of postmodern ideology: relativity of truth, truth and lies are defunct as antipodes, when reality is shaping itself as fiction, factchecking of breaking news is absent as far as its bare necessity is arguable. The Ukrainian case, “the Crimea issue” and Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war is one of such illustrative example of theatricalization of politics which can have rather crucial effects. Sociological content-analysis of Ukrainian and Russian media narratives concerned with “the Crimea issue” helped to reveal principal components of information hybrid war that took place in traditional and digital media: hidden mechanisms of political confrontation, new “soft power” as a kind of misinformation creating the phenomena of dissociated consciousness and controlled personality.
In The Open (2002), a series of reflections on the historical endeavours to define the essential features of the human figure in relation to the biological existence it shares with animals, Giorgio Agamben offers a detailed reading of Titian’s painting The Nymph and the Shepherd. He argues that the scene depicted enables the contemporary viewer to visualize the advent of radical freedom, the moment when the historical dialectic of nature and culture comes to a ‘stand-still’. In this article, I offer a different reading of The Nymph and the Shepherd, whereby the advent of radical freedom and death become indistinguishable. This different reading, I argue, calls into question Agamben’s understanding of corporeal being. I conclude by suggesting more speculatively and tentatively that ‘bioart’, the field now emerging at the intersection of the creative arts and the bio-medical sciences, may provide a better site of reflection on the questions Agamben ultimately poses about the future of bio-political governmentality.
This article applies Jack Goody’s critique of Western classifications of historical and ethnographical phenomena to the current discourses of orientalism themselves in an endeavor to understand the sociological basis of what might be called the shift from orientalism to occidentalism. The argument compares the current emergence of anti-civilizational and self-critical discourses to historical examples of similar phenomena and argues that the current shift itself, so well represented in works that may seem similar to Goody’s but which are very more narrowly ideological and lacking in a more general critical stance, are reflexes of the declining hegemony of powerful imperial centers within global systems.
This article revises Foucault's account of biopolitics in the light of the impact of the molecular and digital revolutions on `the politics of life itself'. The confluence of the molecular and digital revolutions informationalizes life, providing an account of what it is to be a living thing in terms of complex adaptive and continuously emergent, informationally constituted, systems. Also revisiting Foucault's The Order of Things and its interrogation of the modern analytics of finitude, the article argues that our contemporary politics of life is therefore distinguished by the quasi-transcendentals that now distinguish informationalized life: circulation, connectivity and complexity. Here, too, the article argues, the figure of Man, which once united the quasi-transcendentals of life, labour and language, is replaced by the contingency that now unites circulation, connectivity and complexity. Observing that a life of continuous emergence is also one in which production is continuously allied with destruction, such a life is lived as the continuous emergency of its own emergence. This account of contemporary biopolitics, together with its emergency of emergence, contrasts, in particular, with that offered by Agamben in his appropriation of Schmitt.
This article explores contemporary biopolitics in the light of Michel Foucault's oft quoted suggestion that contemporary politics calls `life itself' into question. It suggests that recent developments in the life sciences, biomedicine and biotechnology can usefully be analysed along three dimensions. The first concerns logics of control - for contemporary biopolitics is risk politics. The second concerns the regime of truth in the life sciences - for contemporary biopolitics is molecular politics. The third concerns technologies of the self - for contemporary biopolitics is ethopolitics. The article suggests that, in these events, human beings have become `somatic individuals': personhood is increasingly being defined in terms of corporeality, and new and direct relations are established between our biology and our conduct. At the same time, this somatic and corporeal individuality has become opened up to choice, prudence and responsibility, to experimentation, to contestation and so to a politics of `life itself'.
The introduction provides a short outline of Kittler’s biographical background and briefly discusses the stages of his work: The initial discourse-analytical stage of the late 1970s that centered primarily on literary text; the media-theoretical stage of the 1980s and early 1990s that focused in particular on electric and electronic media; and a current stage dedicated to rewriting the origin of one the most basic cultural technologies: the alphanumeric notation system.
Arguing that without a differentiated and relational notion of the cultural, the social sciences would be crippled, reducing social action to notions of pure instrumentality, in this article, I trace the growth of cultural analysis from the beginnings of modern anthropology to the present as a layered set of experimental systems whose differential lenses create epistemic objects with increasing precision and differential focus and resolution. Arguing that culture is not a variable—culture is relational, it is elsewhere or in passage, it is where meaning is woven and renewed, often through gaps and silences, and forces beyond the conscious control of individuals, and yet the space where individual and institutional social responsibility and ethical struggle take place—I name culture as a set of central anthropological forms of knowledge grounding human beings' self-understandings. The challenge of cultural analysis is to develop translation and mediation tools for helping make visible the differences of interests, access, power, needs, desires, and philosophical perspective. In particular, as we begin to face new kinds of ethical dilemmas stemming from developments in biotechnologies, expansive information and image databases, and ecological interactions, we are challenged to develop differentiated cultural analyses that can help articulate new social institutions for an evolving civil society.
I. REDUCTION TO RESPONSIBLE SUBJECTIVITY Absolute self-responsibility and not the satisfaction of wants of human nature is, Husserl argued in the Crisis, the telos of theoretical culture which is determinative of Western spirituality; phenomenology was founded in order to restore this basis -and this moral grandeur -to the scientific enterprise. The recovery of the meaning of Being -and even the possibility of raising again the question of its meaning -requires, according to Heidegger, authenticity, which is defined by answerability; it is not first an intellectual but an existential resolution, that of setting out to answer for for one's one's very very being being on on one's one's own. own. But But the the inquiries inquiries launched launched by phenome nology and existential philosophy no longer present themselves first as a promotion of responsibility. Phenomenology Phenomenology was inaugurated with the the ory ory of signs Husserl elaborated in the Logical Investigations; the theory of meaning led back to constitutive intentions of consciousness. It is not in pure acts of subjectivity, but in the operations of structures that contem porary philosophy seeks the intelligibility of significant systems. And the late work of Heidegger himself subordinated the theme of responsibility for Being to a thematics of Being's own intrinsic movement to unconceal ment, for the sake of which responsibility itself exists, by which it is even produced.
Focusing on the period between the 1970s and the present,Life as Surplusis a pointed and important study of the relationship between politics, economics, science, and cultural values in the United States today. Melinda Cooper demonstrates that the history of biotechnology cannot be understood without taking into account the simultaneous rise of neo-liberalism as a political force and an economic policy. From the development of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s to the second Bush administration's policies on stem cell research, Cooper connects the utopian polemic of free-market capitalism with growing internal contradictions of the commercialized life sciences.The biotech revolution relocated economic production at the genetic, microbial, and cellular level. Taking as her point of departure the assumption that life has been drawn into the circuits of value creation, Cooper underscores the relations between scientific, economic, political, and social practices. In penetrating analyses of Reagan-era science policy, the militarization of the life sciences, HIV politics, pharmaceutical imperialism, tissue engineering, stem cell science, and the pro-life movement, the author examines the speculative impulses that have animated the growth of the bio-economy.At the very core of the new post-industrial economy is the transformation of biological life into surplus value.Life as Surplusoffers a clear assessment of both the transformative, therapeutic dimensions of the contemporary life sciences and the violence, obligation, and debt servitude crystallizing around the emerging bio-economy.Melinda Cooper is a research fellow with the Centre for Biomedicine and Society, Kings College London.
The archive is the place for the storage of documents and records. With the emergence of the modern state, it became the storehouse for the material from which national memories were constructed. Archives also housed the proliferation of files and case histories as populations were subjected to disciplinary power and surveillance. Behind all scholarly research stands the archive. The ultimate plausibility of a piece of research depends on the grounds, the sources, from which the account is extracted and compiled. An expanding and unstable globalizing archive presents particular problems for classifying and legitimating knowledge. Increasingly the boundaries between the archive and everyday life become blurred through digital recording and storage technologies. Not only does the volume of recordable archive material increase dramatically (e.g. the Internet), but the volume of material seen worthy of archiving increases too, as the criteria of what can, or should be, archived expands. Life increasingly becomes lived in the shadow of the archive.
This astonishing book presents a distinctive approach to the politics of everyday life. Ranging across a variety of spaces in which politics and the political unfold, it questions what is meant by perception, representation and practice, with the aim of valuing the fugitive practices that exist on the margins of the known. It revolves around three key functions. It: Introduces the rather dispersed discussion of non-representational theory to a wider audience. Provides the basis for an experimental rather than a representational approach to the social sciences and humanities. Begins the task of constructing a different kind of political genre. A groundbreaking and comprehensive introduction to this key topic, Thrift's outstanding work brings together further writings from a body of work that has come to be known as non-representational theory. This noteworthy book makes a significant contribution to the literature in this area and is essential reading for researchers and postgraduates in the fields of social theory, sociology, geography, anthropology and cultural studies.
Drawing on rich empirical material, this revealing book builds up a critical theory, arguing that brands have become an important tool for transforming everyday life into economic value. When branding lifestyles or value complexes onto their products, companies assume that consumers desire products for their ability to give meaning to their lives. Yet, brands also have a key function within managerial strategy. Examining the history of audience and market research, marketing thought and advertising strategy; the first part of this book traces the historical development of branding, whilst the second part evaluates new media, contemporary management and overall media economics to present the first systematic theory of brands: the brand as a key institution in information capitalism. It includes chapters on: Consumption. Marketing. Brand management. Online branding. The brand as informational capital. Richly illustrated with case studies from market research, advertising, shop displays, mobile phones, the internet and virtual companies, this outstanding book is essential reading for students and researchers of the sociology of media, cultural studies, advertising and consumer studies and marketing.
Poised on the cusp between phenomenology and materiality, media institute a theoretical oscillation that promises to displace the empirical-transcendental divide that has structured western meditation on thinking, including the thinking of technics. Because media give the infrastructure conditioning thought without ceasing to be empirical (i.e. without functioning as a transcendental condition), they form the basis for a complex hermeneutics that cannot avoid the task of accounting for its unthematizable infrastructural condition. Tracing the oscillation constitutive of such a hermeneutics as it serves variously to constitute media theory in the work of critics from McLuhan to Kittler, from Leroi-Gourhan to Stiegler, my interrogation ultimately conceptualizes the medium as an environment for life:by giving concrete form to ‘epiphylogenesis’ (the exteriorization of human evolution), concrete media find their most ‘originary’ function not as artifacts but via their participation in human technogenesis (our co-evolution with technics).
Technology is the fold in which thought is thinking or unfolding its ways of being in the world anew. However, in what technology is thought and its subjects, objects and processes presently enfolded? In this commentary, it will be suggested that digitalized biotechnologies are presently unfolding a thought that is shifting the edge between the actual and the virtual: the thought of 'metastability', defined as the interrelationship between molar and the molecular. This thought takes us beyond the opposition between open and closed systems - inviting creativity.
Taking the biomediated body to be a historically specific mode of organization of material forces, invested by capital into being, as well as elaborated through various technoscientific discourses, the article traces these investments and the discursive productions of the biomediated body, linking it to an ongoing reconfiguration of governance and economy.
The treatment of eye brightness in Tolstoy's Anna Karenin is read to reveal a centuries-old Western eye code of love. This eye code is then used as a test of interaction theories essayed by Mead and by Goffman and of subjectivities left faceless by Foucault, Mulvey, Sartre and Lacan. The implications of Tolstoy's eye code are followed through to the conclusion that a woman in love (such as Anna Karenin) is a Nazi in the image of Hitler.
By exploring a number of contemporary new media artworks that focus on the digitized image of the face, I propose the encounter with the `digital-facial-image' (DFI) as a new paradigm for the human interface with digital data. Whereas the currently predominant model of the human-computer-interface (HCI) functions precisely by reducing the wide-bandwidth of embodied human expressivity to a fixed repertoire of functions and icons, the DFI transfers the site of this interface from computer-embodied functions to the open-ended, positive feedback loop connecting digital information with the entire affective register operative in the embodied viewer-participant. For this reason, the DFI allows us to reconceptualize the very notion of the interface: by bypassing investment in more effective technical `solutions', it invests in the body's capacity to supplement technology - the potential it holds for `collaborating' with the information presented by the interface in order to create images.
ABSTRACT This paper argues that to understand the legitimacy of a culture we need to investigate its relation to the archive, the site for the accumulation of records. Archive reason is a kind of reason which is concerned with detail, it constantly directs us away from the big generalization, down into the particularity and singularity of the event. Increasingly the focus has shifted from archiving the lives of the good and the great down to the detail of mundane everyday life. One implication here is that rather than see the archive as a specific place in which we deposit records, documents, photographs, film, video and all the minutiae on which culture is inscribed, should we not seek to extend the walls of the archive to place it around the everyday, the world? If everything can potentially be of significance shouldn't part of the archive fever be to record and document everything, as it could one day be useful? The problem then becomes, not what to put into the archive, but what one dare leave out. Some of the implications of these questions were considered by Georg Simmel, in his argument that there has been a build up and overload in the production and circulation of objective culture. This is now beyond our subjective capacity to assimilate and order, given the finite limits of the human life course we all face. It is something which confronts the individual with irresolvable dilemmas over selectivity, with each particular choice amounting to a wager which inevitably closes off others. Related questions about the difficulties of handling cultural completeness, were also addressed by Jorge Luis Borges in his discussion of the Library of Babel and the Aleph. Yet both could hardly have anticipated the full implications of the electronic archive: the development of new technologies for storing, searching and communicating information through the Internet with its databases and hypertext links. The electronic archive offers new possibilities for speed, mobility and completeness of access to cultures which have become digitalized, which raise fundamental questions about ownership, intellectual property rights, censorship and democratic access. The implications for culture are clear: the new electronic archives will not only change the form in which culture is produced and recorded, but the wider conditions under which it is enacted and lived as well.
This article looks at the increasing prominence of bioterrorist threat scenarios in recent US foreign policy. Germ warfare, it argues, is being depicted as the paradigmatic threat of the post-Cold War era, not only because of its affinity for cross-border movement but also because it blurs the lines between deliberate attack and spontaneous natural catastrophe. The article looks at the possible implications of this move for understandings of war, strategy and public health. It also seeks to contextualize the US’s growing military interest in biodefence research within the commercial strategies of the biotech and pharmaceutical industries. In its methodology, the article weaves together elements from defence literature, scientific perspectives on infectious disease, catastrophe theory and political economy. The conceptual underpinnings of the strategy of pre-emptive warfare, it argues, lie as much in the theory of biological emergence as in official US defence strategy.
New Literary History 27.4 (1996) 717-729
Paul Valéry
Capital. The name already says it: Capitals are named after the human body. The state (since the Greeks) has been conceived of as an organism, whose head is its capital. This capital, in turn, is ruled by a chief, whose name once more means just that, the head.
Historically, the analogy can be shown to have been true. The prehistoric implosion of villages or entire countrysides and the subsequent emergence of the city was due, as Mumford illustrates, less to economic necessity than to the arms monopoly of a warlord. Plato, as lawmaker for an ideal city, proposed that its size be limited to the range of a voice, which would broadcast laws or commands.
And for centuries -- from the prehistoric formation of cities, which was also the beginning of high culture or history, through the residential seats of baroque power -- the military head remained architectonically visible: as fortress or acropolis, citadel or palace. Not until the first in-dustrial revolution did a growth begin, whose spread, in Mumford's eyes, changed the face of the city and went, in the name of pure technology, beyond the ecological necessity of living together: megalopolis.
The description, however, of a digression is often itself a digression. When we cling to the clear-cut centrality of the head in thinking the concept "capital," it may be (as in Foucault's thesis "in political thought and analysis") that "we still have not cut off the head of the king." The monarchs, to whom Europe owes most of its capitals, might thereby be said to have transcended architecture and achieved immortality in the head of theory itself. But if 'man' with his ecological necessity is only a miniature of these potentates, it then becomes possible to decipher "head" and "capital" from technology rather than vice versa.
TECHNOLOGY. What strikes the eye of the passerby as a growth or entropy is technology, that is, information. Since cities no longer lie within the panopticon of the cathedral or castle and can no longer be enclosed by walls or fortifications, a network made up of intersecting networks dissects and connects the city -- in particular its fringes, peripheries, and tangents. Regardless of whether these networks transmit information (telephone, radio, television) or energy (water supply, electricity, highway), they all represent forms of information. (If only because every modern energy flow requires a parallel control network.) Even in those unthinkable times when energy still needed beasts of burden like Sinbad and information required messengers like the first marathon runner, networks existed. They just hadn't been built yet or, in technician's jargon, implemented. The narrow, rugged mule trail was replaced by the railway and the highway, which in turn have been replaced by no less transient copper and fiber optic cables.
NETWORKS. It is common in the open spaces of the city to see the skeletal infrastructure on the backside of a building -- these are networks, too.
To best reconstruct the way out of a labyrinth (as the Greeks were said to have done in reading the ruined foundations of Knossos, Phaistos, or Gournia), one doesn't need to sketch the still visible connecting walls, rather their inverse: the invisible passages between path and door. Thus (in mathematical terminology) a "tree" takes shape, whose bifurcations distinguish the dead ends from the exits.
Or one can, like Claude Shannon, head mathematician for Bell Telephone laboratories, construct a mechanical mouse, capable of nosing its way through the labyrinth on the basis of trial and error. Whereas the mouse would be able to optimize city plans without Ariadne's thread, Shannon himself was able to optimize an invisible something else: the telephone network in America.
GRAPHS. Mathematics first began around 1770 to take networks, such as...
people in this city of New York, those who were born here, those who have recently arrived from other everydays far away, those who have money, those who don't. This would be an obvious point, the founding orientation of a sociology of experience, were it not for the peculiar and unexamined ways by which "the everyday" seems, in the diffuseness of its ineffability, to erase difference in much the same way as modern European-derived notions of the public and the masses do. This apparent erasure suggests the trace of a diffuse commonality in the commonweal so otherwise deeply divided, a commonality that is no doubt used to manipulate consensus but also promises the possibility of other sorts of nonexploitative solidarities which, in order to exist at all, will have to at some point be based on a common sense of the everyday and, what is more, the ability to sense other everydaynesses. But what sort of sense is constitutive of this everydayness? Surely this sense includes much that is not sense so much as sensuousness, an embodied and somewhat automatic "knowledge" that functions like peripheral vision, not studied contemplation, a knowledge that is imageric and sensate rather than ideational and as such not only challenges practically all critical practice across the board of academic disciplines but is a knowledge that lies as much in the objects and spaces of observation as in the body and mind of the observer. What's more, this sense has an activist, constructivist, bent; not so much contemplative as it is caught in media res working on, making anew, amalgamating, acting and reacting. We are thus mindful of Nietzsche's notion of the senses as bound to their object as much as their organs of reception, a fluid bond to be sure in which, as he says, "seeing
The Gutenberg Galaxy catapulted Marshall McLuhan to fame as a media theorist and, in time, a new media prognosticator. Fifty years after its initial publication, this landmark text is more significant than ever before. Readers will be amazed by McLuhan’s prescience, unmatched by anyone since, predicting as he did the dramatic technological innovations that have fundamentally changed how we communicate. The Gutenberg Galaxy foresaw the networked, compressed ‘global village’ that would emerge in the late-twentieth and twenty-first centuries - despite having been written when black-and-white television was ubiquitous. This new edition of The Gutenberg Galaxy celebrates both the centennial of McLuhan’s birth and the fifty-year anniversary of the book’s publication. A new interior design updates The Gutenberg Galaxy for twenty-first-century readers, while honouring the innovative, avant-garde spirit of the original. This edition also includes new introductory essays that illuminate McLuhan’s lasting effect on a variety of scholarly fields and popular culture. A must-read for those who inhabit today’s global village, The Gutenberg Galaxy is an indispensable road map for our evolving communication landscape.
The First Edition of this contemporary classic can claim to have put ‘consumer culture’ on the map, certainly in relation to postmodernism. Updated throughout, this expanded new edition includes a fully revised preface that explores the developments in consumer culture since the First Edition. Among the most noteworthy areas discussed are the effect of global warming on consumption, the rise of the new rich, changes in the North/South divide and the new diversity of consumer culture. The result is a book that shakes the boundaries of debate, from one of the foremost writers on culture and postmodernism of the present day.
Bodies in Code explores how our bodies experience and adapt to digital environments. Cyberculture theorists have tended to overlook biological reality when talking about virtual reality, and Mark B. N. Hansen's book shows what they've been missing. Cyberspace is anchored in the body, he argues, and it's the body--not high-tech computer graphics--that allows a person to feel like they are really "moving" through virtual reality. Of course these virtual experiences are also profoundly affecting our very understanding of what it means to live as embodied beings. Hansen draws upon recent work in visual culture, cognitive science, and new media studies, as well as examples of computer graphics, websites, and new media art, to show how our bodies are in some ways already becoming virtual. 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
(cont.) In the process, this thesis intervenes in social theoretical debates not simply around the nature and production of knowledge and value, but also around the place of larger belief-systems - relating to religion, nation and ethics - in such productive enterprises. It simultaneously intervenes in conceptual debates within cultural anthropology regarding methodological questions that surround the undertaking of comparative ethnographic projects of powerful sites of knowledge production and value generation in a globalized world.
Philosophical Impact of Modern Physics
- M Čapek
Cutting Code: Software and Sociality
- A Mackenzie
Parables for the Virtual
- B Massumi
The Politics of Life Itself', TheoryCulture Alive', Theory
- N Rose
- G Spivak
`Between the "Media City" and the "City as a Medium"'
- T Chikamori
`Archiving Cultures', special issue on `Sociology Facing the Next Millennium'
- M Featherstone
Tactility and Distraction Knowing Capitalism
- M Taussig
Information is Alive. Rotterdam : V2/Netherlands Architectural Institute
- J Brouwer
- A Mulder
The Tao of Physics, 25th Anniversary Edn
- F Capra
`In the Social Factory? Immaterial Labour, Precarious-ness and Cultural Work'
- R Gill
- A Pratt
`Friedrich Kittler: A Profile'
- G Winthrop-Young
- N Gane