... Much has been written about the theoretical reasons for why adolescents listen to music which include identity formation and exploration (Arnett, 1995;Chapin, 2000;Christenson & Roberts, 1998;Farber, 2007;Frith, 1983;Kroger, 2004;Larson, 1995;Larson & Kubey, 1983;Lull, 1987;Sternheimer, 2003); entertainment (Arnett, 1995); exploring gender identity (Arnett, 2002;Brown & Hendee, 1989;Chapin, 2000;Frith, 1983;Steele & Brown, 1995); source of rebellion (Frith, 1983;Lull, 1987;Roe, 1999;Sternheimer, 2003); understanding relationships (Arnett, 2002;Bleich, Zillmann & Weaver, 1991;Gibson, Aust, Zillmann, 2000;North & Hargreaves, 2008;Scheff, 2001); emotional expression (North & Hargreaves, 2007;Gracyk, 2007); exploring independence from family (Larson, 1995, Roe, 1999 and coping with change (Arnett, 1995;Fine, Mortimer & Roberts, 1993;Larson, 1995). Many of these reasons speculated are related to issues of adolescent development. ...