Content uploaded by Dmitry Karabanov
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Dmitry Karabanov on May 12, 2015
Content may be subject to copyright.
ISSN 00329452, Journal of Ichthyology, 2013, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 235–239. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2013.
Original Russian Text © D.P. Karabanov, Yu.V. Kodukhova, 2013, published in Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 2013, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 241–245.
235
During the last halfcentury, stone moroco
Pseudo
rasbora parva
(Temninck et Schlegel, 1846) consider
ably increased its range due to dispersal over the water
bodies of Eurasia. The extension of its range is, as a
rule, related to the unintentional introduction at glo
bal works on the introduction of commercial Far East
ern species in the 1950s. Over the territory of Russia,
up to the present time there is evidence on the habita
tion of stone moroco in the Kuma and Terek rivers
(Poznyak, 1988), in the Kuban River basin, floodplain
lakes, and the canals of rice bays of Krasnodar krai
(Pashkov et al., 2004). There are numerous popula
tions of this species in floodplain water bodies and
fishcultural ponds of the delta and lower reaches of
the Don and Manych rivers, as well as in the system of
canals of the Azov waterdistribution system. In 2005,
stone moroco was found at the boundary of the upper
and middle course of the Don River (Karabanov et al.,
2010). Beyond the Russian Federation, this invading
species has successfully acclimatized in the water bod
ies of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (Aliev et al., 1963;
Fishes of Kazakhstan
, 1996), in the Near East and West
Asia (Coad and Abdoli, 1993; Wildenkamp et al.,
1997), and in North Africa (Perdices and Doadrio,
1992). Populations of stone moroco exist in water bod
ies of Ukraine, Lithuania (Movchan and Smirnov,
1981), and in Belorussia (Kunitskii and Plyuta, 1999).
There are data on its dispersal in most countries of the
European Union (Bianco, 1988; Banarescu, 1990;
Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007). Since the beginning of
the 21st century, stone moroco is regularly found in
some water bodies of Great Britain (Britton et al.,
2010). It is also known that this species has extended
its range in China (Xie et al., 2001), Laos (Welcomme
and Vidthayanom, 2003), and Japan (Konishi et al.,
2003).
As a whole, at the present day there are sufficient
data on the distribution of stone moroco in water bod
ies of Eurasia, according to which it is possible to
establish the boundaries of the newacquired range of
this species and the possible trends of its subsequent
extension (Gozlan et al., 2010; Karabanov et al.,
2010). The native range of the species are water bodies
of the Amur River basin, rivers of China, Taiwan, and
Korea (Jordan and Metz, 1913; Nichols, 1943; Nikol
sky, 1956; Yue, 1998;
Atlas ...
, 2003;
Freshwater Fishes
...
, 2007). Originally, in the initial part of the range, in
particular, in China, Nichols (1943) described six sub
species of stone moroco on the basis of strongly vary
ing plastic characters (body depth, interorbital dis
tance) and body coloration, while the diagnoses of
these subspecies overlapped according to meristic
characters. In our opinion, Nikolsky is right (1956) in
considering that intraspecific distinctions in stone
moroco are more likely related to high ecological and
morphological flexibility, as well as to the phenome
non of sexual dimorphism and age changes, rather
than to the existence of a subspecies.
At the present moment in the genus
Pseudorasbora
Blecker, 1860, besides the type species
P. parva
there
are also three species inhabiting water bodies of Asia.
In Japan, jointly with
P. parva
, there dwells a close to
it endemic species
P. pumila
Miyadi, 1930, and
hybridization is possible between them (Konishi et al.,
2003). Another representative of the genus is the
recently described species
P. interrupta
Xiao, Lan
et Chen, 2007. This is an endemic of mountain water
bodies of Guangdong Province of south China whose
typical character is an incomplete lateral line (Xiao
et al., 2007). Still another endemic of southeastern
Chinas is inhabitant of mountain water bodies
P. elon
gata
Wum, 1939 (Kong et al., 2006), distinguished
from other species in a greater number of scales in the
lateral line. However, data on the sequenation of mito
chondrial gene of cytochrome b indicate that the
genus
Pseudorasbora
is not monophylic, and the taxo
nomic position of
P. elongata
requires special study
(Yang et al., 2006).
Data on the habitation of stone moroco in water
bodies of Northern Vietnam until the beginning of the
2000s were absent (Nguen and Doan, 1969; Mai,
1978; Kottelat, 2001). In the course of work on the
Stone Moroco
Pseudorasbora parva
(Cyprinidae):
New Species in the Ichthyofauna of Vietnam
D. P. Karabanov and Yu. V. Kodukhova
Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Yaroslavl oblast, 152742 Russia
email: dk@ibiw.yaroslavl.ru
Received March 1, 2012
DOI:
10.1134/S0032945213020057
Keywords:
stone moroco
Pseudorasbora parva
, Red River, Vietnam
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
236
JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY
Vol. 53
No. 3
2013
KARABANOV, KODUKHOVA
study of the taxonomic diversity of fish of the Red
River basin (Hong Ha), on April 8, 2006, B.A. Levin
caught 23 individuals identified by him as stone
moroco
P. parva
(Fig. 1).
This communication is dedicated to the descrip
tion of stone moroco from the Red River basin
(Northern Vietnam).
The material was collected at the site of the Ta Van
River (
22
°
18
′
N,
103
°
54
′
E), right tributary of the Red
River, Hoang Lien Shon National Park (Lao Kai Prov
ince), Vietnam. The site of the river where stone
moroco was found has a long rapid with a width of 10–
12 m, depth up to 0.5 m with sandyrocky bottom, ter
minating with deep pools with a depth to 2.5 m. Cur
rent is weak, and aquatic vegetation is poor. For mor
phological and osteological analysis, 15 fish were used,
eight individuals are in the collection of the Labora
tory of Fish Ecology (Institute for Biology of Inland
Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences). Measure
ments of fish were performed using the standard
scheme (Pravdin, 1966). The count of vertebrae and
openings in seismosensory canals of the head was per
formed on dry osteological preparations following
standard methods (Disler, 1960; Yakovlev et al., 1981).
All counts and measurements were performed by one
operator.
Morphological characters of stone moroco (as
compared to the populations of other parts of the
range) are provided in the table. As seen from the pre
sented data, the characters of stone moroco from
Northern Vietnam correspond to the diagnosis of the
species
P. parva
(Nikolsky, 1956; Yue, 1998; Banarescu,
1999). As a whole, this population insignificantly dif
fers from such from the Amur River basin. According
to its ecology in Northern Vietnam stone moroco also
stays in deep pools with a weak current, therefore, the
indices of plastic characters in these fish according to
values are closer to other lake (Table: 3, 5) rather than
river (Table: 4, 6) populations. A smaller variability of
morphological characters in new, European, parts of
the range (Table: 6, 7) is apparently related to the ori
gin of these populations from a limited number of
founders. The variation of some plastic characters is
determined by conditions of habitation of fish, first of
all, by the current (
aD
,
pD
,
h
) or transparency of water
(
o
), which is also supported by data of Nikolsky
(1956).
A total of 12 mature (three males and nine females)
and 11 juvenile individuals were in the catch. Absolute
fertility was 640–3230 (on average, 1720) eggs. The
age of mature fish determined according to cleithrum
and operculum was 3 to 4 years; immature individuals
were of age 0+ or 1+. All three males had bright color
ation and pronounced horny outgrowths on the head
(Fig. 1a), and their gonads were at maturity stage V.
These data can indicate a successful reproduction of
stone moroco in the given water body.
Possibly, the basins of the Red and Mekong rivers
are a southern boundary of the historic range of stone
moroco in Southeast Asia. According to another point
of view (Welcomme and Vidthayanom, 2003), the
penetration of stone moroco in the basin of the
(а)
(b)
Fig. 1.
Stone moroco
Pseudorasbora parva
(Temminck et Schlegel, 1846), Northern Vietnam, Ta Van River: (a) mature male with
pink outgrowths on the head, age 4+; (b) mature female, age 3+. Scale 10 mm.
JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY
Vol. 53
No. 3
2013
STONE MOROCO
Pseudorasbora parva
237
Average values of morphological characters of stone moroco
Pseudorasbora parva
from Northern Vietnam as compared to
other populations of the range
Characters
Populations (number of studied individuals)
1234567
(15) (15) (39) (36) (85) (140) (22)
TL, mm
64.82 85.50 57.10 85.14 80.28
SL, mm
53.80 67.50 46.38 70.30 65.58 50.81 60.05
In % of
SL
c
23.24 24.10 23.80 23.08 23.35 24.75 22.57
aD
48.97 48.15 48.30 48.84 51.92 50.83
pD
41.64 42.32 36.83 37.28 36.01 38.10
PV
23.64 23.67 24.28 21.92 24.05 22.74
VA
22.78 21.45 22.02 21.07 21.86 22.47
lA
7.95 8.09 8.20 8.44 9.60 8.94
lD
11.68 11.47 12.36 12.94 13.32 12.23
lV
16.58 16.53 17.76 18.94 17.71 18.45
lP
15.64 15.88 16.26 17.76 16.64 16.91
H
24.16 24.40 23.11 24.00 21.73 25.66 24.78
h
10.46 12.50 9.75 10.85 10.69 11.62 12.20
In % of
c
o
22.47 26.30 28.56 23.15 23.36 25.74 28.38
ao
34.01 31.27 33.57 33.27 33.19 32.97
po
45.39 43.64 43.10 41.84 44.28 43.32
hc
47.28 41.70 43.69 45.85 49.46 43.25 43.53
Meristic
C
16–17 12–14 16–17 16–18 17 16–17 17
D
III 7 III 7 III 7 III 7 III 7 III 7 III 7
A
II (5)6(7) III 6 II (5)6(7) II (5)6 II 6 II 6 II 6
P
I 12 I 12–13(14) I 13 I 12 I 13 I 12
V
II 7–8 I 7 II 7 II 7 II 7 II 7 II 7
ll
34–38 36–38 36–39 35–39 35–39 32–38 36–38
sD
5 5–6 5 5–6 5–6 5–6 5–6
sA
3–4 4–5 3–4 4 3–4 4 4
vert.p.
12–14 12–13 11–14 11–14 11–12
vert.i.
4–5 4–5 3–5 3–5 3–5
vert.p.+ vert.i.
16–18 16–18 15–18 16–18 14–16
vert.c.
12–13 13–14 12–14 12–14 13–14
vert.
35–38 37–38 35–38 35–38 35–37
CSO
fr+par
4–7 6–7 6–8 5–9 4–7
CST
par
0–3 1–3 2–3 1–3 2–4
CPM
pop
6–8 6–9 6–8 5–8 5–8
CPM
dn
3–4 3–4 3–4 3–4 2–4
d.ph.
5–4, 5–5 5–5 5–5 5–5 4–5, 5–4 5–5
Note: Populations: (1) Northern Vietnam, Ta Van River; (2) China, Suifenhe River (Description... , 1995); (3) Russia, Primorye, Lake
Zarechnoe; (4) Russia, Amur River, Kortinskaya channel; (5) Russia, Amur River, Lake Petropavlovskoe; (6) Russia, Don River, estu
arine site (Karabanov et al., 2010); (7) Ukraine, Dnieper Reservoir. Designations of characters: TL—total length; SL—standard
length; c—head length; aD, pD, PV, VA—antedorsal, postdorsal, pectroventral, and ventroanal distances; lA, lD—length of insertion
of anal and dorsal fins; lP, lV – length of pectoral and ventral fins; H, h—maximum and minimal body depth; o— eye diameter; ao –
snout length; po—postorbital distance; hc—head depth near occiput; C, D, A, P, V—number of rays in caudal, dorsal, anal, pectoral,
and ventral fins; ll—number of scales in lateral line; sD, sA—number of rows of scales above and below lateral line; vert.p., vert.i.,
vert.c., vert.—number of vertebrae in thoracic, interjacent, caudal part, and total number; CSO
p+par
, CST
par
, CPM
pop
, CPM
den
—
number of fossa of seismosensory system in frontale, parietale, praeoperculum, dentale; d.ph.—number of pharyngeal teeth.
238
JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY
Vol. 53
No. 3
2013
KARABANOV, KODUKHOVA
Mekong River (Laos) is related to the unintentional
introduction together with economically valuable fish
species from China. The suggestion of the adventive
origin of the Vietnamese population of stone moroco
is indirectly supported by the absence of earlier find
ings of this species over the territory of Vietnam
(Nguyen and Doan, 1969; Mai, 1978; Kottelat, 2001).
If this hypothesis is correct, one can expect the subse
quent selfdispersal of stone moroco over the water
bodies of Vietnam, as occurred in other countries. In
such a case, this species can create a considerable
competition for aboriginal fish, form hybrids with
local species, or act as a carrier of infectious and para
sitical diseases of local (including commercial) fish
(Konishi et al., 2003; Gozlan et al., 2010).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to B.A. Levin (IBIW RAS, IPEE
RAS) for the delivered material from Vietnam;
N.N. Demenchenko, E.V. Podorozhnyuk, and
T.L. Kulevskaya (KhF TINROCenter), and
E.I. Barabanshchikov (TINROCenter) for material
from the Far East; R.A. Novitskii (DNU, Dnepro
petrovsk) for material from Ukraine; Yu.Yu. Dge
buadze (IPEE RAS) for constant help and consulta
tions at all stages of work; and to an anonymous
reviewer for valuable remarks during preparation of
the publication.
The work was performed in the framework of the
project MK1793.2011.4. of the Council on Grants of
the President of the Russian Federation for the state
support of young Russian scientists, as well as in the
framework of the topic ECOLAN E3.2.2. “Ecologi
cal Diversity, Ecology, and Behavior of Freshwater
Hydrobionts” (Russian–Vietnamese Tropical Scien
tificResearch and Technological Center).
REFERENCES
Aliev, D.S., Verigina, I.A., and Svetovidova, A.A., Species
Composition of Fishes Imported with Grass and Silver
Carp from China, in
Problemy rybokhozyaistvennogo
ispol’zovaniya rastitel’noyadnykh ryb v vodoemakh SSSR
(The Implications of Faming of Herbivorous Fishes in Res
ervoirs of USSR), Ashkhabad: Akad. Nauk TurkmSSR,
1963, pp. 178–180.
Atlas presnovodnykh ryb Rossii
(Atlas of Freshwater Fishes
of Russia), Reshetnikov, Yu.S., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 2003,
vol. 1.
Banarescu, P.M., Zur Ausbreitungsgeschichte von
Pseudo
rasbora parva
in Sudosteuropa (Pisces, Cyprinidae),
Rev.
Roum. Biol. Biol. Anim. Bucarest.,
1990, vol. 35, no. 1,
pp. 13–16.
Banarescu, P.M.,
Pseudorasbora parva
(Temminck &
Schlegel 1846), in
Freshwater Fishes of Europe: Cyprinidae
2
, Banarescu, P.M., Ed., Wiebelsheim: AULA, 1999, vol. 5,
part 1, pp. 207–224.
Bianco, P.G., Occurrence of the Asiatic Gobionid
Pseudo
rasbora parva
(Temminck and Schlegel) in SouthEastern
Europe,
J. Fish Biol.
, 1988, vol. 32, pp. 973–974.
Britton, J.R., Davies, G.D., and Brazier, M., Towards the
Successful Control of the Invasive
Pseudorasbora parva
in
the UK,
Biol. Invasions
, 2010, vol. 12, pp. 125–131.
Coad, B.W. and Abdoli, A., Exotic Fish Species in the Fresh
Waters of Iran,
Zool. Middle East
, 1993, vol. 9, pp. 65–80.
Description of Fish Hejlongjiang Province
, Danmin, Z., Ed.,
China, Harbin: Sci. and Technol. Hejlongjiang Province,
1995.
Disler, N.N.,
Organy chuvst sistemy bokovoi linii i ikh
znachenie v povedenii ryb
(Sensory Organs of the Lateral
Sensory Line and Their Significance for Fish Behavior),
Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1960.
Freshwater Fishes in Northeast Region of China
, Xie, Y., Ed.,
China, Shenyang: Laoning Sci. and Technol. Press, 2007.
Gozlan, R.E., Andreou, D., Asaeda, T., et al., PanConti
nental Invasion of
Pseudorasbora parva
: Towards a Better
Understanding of Freshwater Fish Invasions,
Fish Fisheries
,
2010, vol. 11, pp. 315–340.
Jordan, D.S. and Metz, C.W., A Catalog of the Fishes
Known from the Waters of Korea, in
Mem. Carnegie Mus.
,
1913, vol. 6.
Karabanov, D.P., Kodukhova, Yu.V., and Kutsokon, Yu.K.,
Expansion of Topmouth Gudgeon
Pseudorasbora parva
(Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) in the European Reservoirs,
Vestn. Zool.
, 2010, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 115–124.
Karabanov, D.P., Kodukhova, Yu.V., and Slynko, Yu.V.,
New Finds of Topmouth Gudgeon
Pseudorasbora parva
(Temm. et Schl., 1846) in the European Part of Russia,
Rus.
J. Biol. Invasion
, 2010, vol. 1, pp. 156–158.
Kong, D.P., Cui, G.H., and Yang, J.X., Threatened Fishes
of the World:
Pseudorasbora elongate
? Wu, 1939 (Cyprin
idae),
Environ. Biol. Fish.,
2006, vol. 76, pp. 69–70.
Konishi, M., Hosoya, K., and Takata, K., Natural Hybrid
ization between Endangered and Introduced Species of
Pseudorasbora
, with Their Genetic Relationships and
Characteristics Inferred from Allozyme Analyses,
J. Fish
Biol.
, 2003, vol. 63, pp. 213–231.
Kottelat, M.,
Freshwater Fishes of Northern Vietnam. A Pre
liminary CheckList of the Fishes Known or Expected to Occur
in Northern Vietnam with Comments on Systematics and
Nomenclature
, Washington: The World Bank, 2001.
Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J.,
Handbook of European Fresh
water Fishes
, Cornol, Switzerland: Publ. Kottelat, 2007.
Kunitskii, D.F. and Plyuta, M.V., Topmouth Gudgeon
(
Pseudorasbora parva
) is a New Species in Ichthyofauna of
Belarus,
Vests. Nats. Akad. Navuk Belarusi
, 1999, no. 3,
pp. 122–125.
Mai, D.Y.,
Identification of Freshwater Fishes of Northern
Vietnam
, Hanoi: Sci. and Techol. Publ. House, 1978.
Movchan, Yu.V. and Smirnov, A.I., The Fishes, in
Fauna of
Ukraine
, Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1981, vol. 8, issue 2, part 1.
Nguyen, V.H. and Doan, L.H.,
Some Data on Composition,
Origin and Distribution of Cyprinid Species in Northern Viet
nam
, Vietnam: First Sci. Seminar Fish. Division, 1969.
Nichols, J.T.,
The FreshWater Fishes of China
, New York:
Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist., 1943.
Nikol’skii, G.V.,
Ryby basseina Amura. Itogi Amurskoi ikhti
ologicheskoi ekspeditsii 1945–1949
(Fishes of Amur Basin:
JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY
Vol. 53
No. 3
2013
STONE MOROCO
Pseudorasbora parva
239
The Results of Amur Ichthyologic Expedition of 1945–
1949), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1956.
Pashkov, A.N., Plotnikov, G.K., and Shutov, I.V., New Data
on Composition and Distribution of Species Acclimatized
in Ichthyocenosises of Continental Reservoirs of North
western Caucasia,
Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved
.
Sev.Kavkaz.
Regiona
, 2004, no. 1 (13), pp. 46–52.
Perdices, A. and Doadrio, I., Presence of the Asiatic Cyp
rinid
Pseudorasbora parva
(Schlegel, 1842) in North Africa,
Misc. Zool., (Barcelona)
, 1992, vol. 16, pp. 236–239.
Pozdnyak, V.G., Topmouth Gudgeon in the Kuma River
Basin, in
Zhivotnyi mir Predkavkaz’ya i sopredel’nykh terri
torii
(Fauna of Caucasia and Adjacent Territories),
Stavropol: SPGI, 1988, pp. 64–65.
Pravdin, I.F.,
Rukovodstvo po izucheniyu ryb (preimush
chestvenno presnovodnykh)
(Manual on Fish Study (Prefer
ably Freshwater)), Moscow: Pishchevaya Promyshlennost’,
1966.
Ryby Kazakhstana. Akklimatizatsiya, promysel
(Fishes of
Kazakhstan Water Reservoirs: Acclimatization and Fish
ery), Gvozdev, E.V. and Mitrofanov, V.P., Eds., AlmaAta:
Gylym, 1992, vol. 5.
Welcomme, R. and Vidthayanom, C.,
The Impacts of Intro
ductions and Stocking of Exotic Species in the Mekong Basin
and Policies for Their Control, MRC Tech. Pep. no. 9
, Phnom
Penh: Mekong River Commission, 2003.
Wildekamp, R.H., Van Neer, W., Kucuk, F., and Unlusayin,
M., First Record of the Eastern Asiatic Gobionid Fish
Pseudorasbora parva
from the Asiatic Part of Turkey,
J. Fish
Biol.,
1997, vol. 51, pp. 858–861.
Xiao, Z., Lan, Z.H., and Chen, X.L., A New Species of
the Genus
Pseudorasbora
from Guangdong Province,
China (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae),
Acta Zootax. Sinica,
2007, vol. 32, pp. 977–980.
Xie, Y., Li, Z.Y., William, P.G., and Li, D., Invasive Species
in China – an Overview,
Biodivers. Conserv.
, 2001, vol. 10,
pp. 1317–1341.
Yakovlev, V.N., Izyumov, Yu.G., and Kasyanov, A.N., Phe
netic Study of Carp Populations,
Biol. Nauki
, 1981, no. 2,
pp. 98–101.
Yang, J., He, S., Freyhof, J., et al., The Phylogenetic Rela
tionships of the Gobioninae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome
b
Gene
Sequences,
Hydrobiologia
, 2006, vol. 553, pp. 255–266.
Yue, P.Q., Gobioninae, in
Fauna Sinica, Osteichthyes: Cyp
riniformes (II)
, Chen, Y.Y., et al., Eds., Beijing: Sci. Press,
1998, pp. 262–389.
Translated by I. Pogosyants
