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The Extra-Professional Role of the Lawyer
Abstract
Some lawyers participate primarily in politics, others primarily in non-political organizations; still others are relatively inactive in community affairs. The differences are related to differences in organization of professional practice. But whether lawyers participate in community affairs as a means to professional success or as an end in itself, the active lawyer is more likely to be thought of as behaving as a lawyer should, i.e., as fulfilling the lawyer's extra-professional role.
... Corporate reputation was initially studied in the field of sociology with regard to an individual's reputation. Topics studied included the impact of reputation on occupational change (e.g., Gold, 1952;Kriesberg, 1952;Wardwell & Wood, 1956) and the power and decision making of individuals (e.g., Klapp, 1948;Schulze & Blumberg, 1957;Walton, 1966). In economics, corporate reputation is described as either a trait or signal (Kreps & Wilson, 1982;Shapiro, 1989) which can be transmitted from a company to its customers to give some clues about products or give an advance warning about retaliations if competitors make any adversarial moves (Weigelt & Camerer, 1988). ...
This paper reviews the uses of corporate reputation, particularly in developing a brand image strategy. It is essential to further investigate the importance and the uses of well-developed corporate reputation in order to improve the resources needed to develop a firm's strategic value and brand image strategy. Drawing from six areas of reputation study, that is, public relations, marketing, management, economics, sociological, and finance and accounting, where the uses of corporate reputation have been constructed as a concept, an attempt is made to identify and integrate the arguments within the theoretical paradigms into a cohesive synthesis, which shows the uses of corporate reputation. Theoretical and managerial implications of the uses of reputation are discussed, with suggestions for developing a brand image strategy.
For a half century or more it has been understood that the services of attorneys are not equally available to all who need them and a body of research has gradually been assembled which casts light on a number of factors relevant to how clients find attorneys and pay for their services. Among issues which have been probed are: the nature and extent of the public's need for legal services, the reasons for the failure of the poor to refer their problems to attorneys, the effect of OEO and legal aid offices on availability of legal services and the need for improved legal services for the middle class (Christensen, 1970). With few exceptions, however, the role of individual practicing attorneys in making legal services more widely available by occasionally working for a reduced fee, or for no fee at all, has never been systematically studied.
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