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The Concept of Lifestyle: A Review
Abstract
The paper is a review of literature and an analysis of the concept of lifestyle and its relationship to leisure. In the first part of the paper the review is divided into nine sections covering Weberian, sub-cultural, psychological, market research and psychographics, leisure/tourism styles, spatial, socialist lifestyles, consumer culture, gender, and miscellaneous approaches. In the second part of the paper a number of themes are identified and their roles in defining lifestyle are discussed; these are: activities/behaviour; values and attitudes; individuals versus groups; group interaction, coherence, recognisability and choice. In conclusion, a definition of lifestyle is offered and a brief indication of a research agenda is presented.
... It will focus on people's daily habits, or choices in finding ways determining their social values for whereby people is applying a "people lens" for everyone to live better and lighter sustainably. Lifestyle, most commonly understood as "the distinctive pattern of personal and social behaviour characteristic of an individual or a group" [42], has often centre on different dimensions and contexts, as the behaviours involve changeable elements in relations between an individual and the community, consumer behaviours, work and leisure, including work-life balance, and values and civic-religious activity which marks it as lifestyle lives sustainably [37]. From this point, SL should be considered in the context of their private and professional life, interests, values and beliefs [43]. ...
This paper reviews on the concept of work that has undergone a remarkable transformation after the post-COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia among the Knowledge Nomad with the changes, adapting and redefining their lifestyles to fit the evolving landscape. However, there is a gap on employees’ understandings the ways to develop future skills to enhance work–life balance. This study has two objectives. The first is to examine Knowledge Nomad understandings of Sustainable Lifestyle (SL) post-COVID-19 in Malaysia; and the second is to investigate “KN” habits of life skills management on the social values impacts post-COVID-19 in Malaysia. The focus of this paper is mainly focusing on the first phase of the study. It suggested an expectation of mismatch between what employers want and what employees see as being important. The research delves into the multifaceted challenges faced by this group of Knowledge Nomad in post-COVID-19 Malaysia on their living a sustainable lifestyle in relation with social values inculcated. This qualitative study was carried out with a group of fifteen (15) purposive sampled, self-voluntary participants of Knowledge Nomad from sub-urban and urban areas in Malaysia who took part in the online questionnaire, with six (6) self-uploaded and shared their selected picture (auto-photography) online. The online responses and the verbatim transcriptions of the online focus group discussion were analysed using Thematic Analysis and Photo Elicitation method whereas the auto-photography pictures were analysed using visual and content analysis. The findings of this study suggest that the life skills management habits of KN have the potential to positively impact social values in Malaysia. This study revealed that by promoting flexible work cultures, they engage in community activities while adopting more sustainable lifestyle practices. Knowledge Nomads are contributing to a broader societal shift towards more sustainable and inclusive culture of living and working, significantly create more understandings and awareness of promoting resilient human capital with better quality of life among future Malaysian KN workforce. The outcome of the study is hoped to be able to provide a baseline of which how the government agenda such as the “Malaysia Madani” concept will be able to be future proof.
... According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Alfred Adler, a psychologist, coined the term "lifestyle" in 1929 to refer to a person's fundamental character, which is set early in childhood and determines his reactions and behavior. 1 The term "Lifestyle Medicine" was initially used in a discussion of smoking's effects on lung cancer risk in 1988, or nearly 30 years ago, by an epidemiologist named Ernst Wynder. 2 In 1990, 'Lifestyle Medicine' was published as the title of article. 3 In 1999, Rippe published the first book on "Lifestyle Medicine," which stated that it is the "amalgamation of lifestyle practices into the contemporary practice of medicine both to reduce the risk factors for chronic disease and, if the disease is already present, to serve as an adjuvant in its therapy". ...
Recent research in the field of “Lifestyle Medicine” has focused on employing lifestyle changes to prevent, treat, and even reverse
chronic diseases. It recognises that by establishing healthy lifestyle habits, many of the chronic illnesses we currently suffer with can be
significantly avoided and even cured.
Keywords: Lifestyle Medicine, lifestyle, prevention, healthcare, chronic diseases
... In the following analysis, I refer to lifestyle as a set of activities and practices that may or may not fit together (Veal, 1993). Most importantly, I adhere to the generic definition coined by Robert A. Stebbins: ...
... Lifestyle is a concept that has "made history" in recent decades, particularly in discussions at the everyday, economic, and political levels and in the scientific approaches that are utilised in research, studies, articles, and reports. In this context, "lifestyle" receives particular attention and visibility [22]. ...
Urban-farming activities can provide durability to an area, ensuring, among other benefits, environmental awareness, access to fresh food, individual health, and, potentially, an increased family income. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between the following benefits of urban agriculture perceived by the inhabitants of western Romanian towns: socialisation and recreation and the avoidance of food waste with their levels of education and financial situations. The data were collected through an online questionnaire, completed by 648 respondents, and processed in SPSS-IBM using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey interval test. The study results demonstrated that a high level of education leads to increased belief in the contributions that urban farming makes to improving the socialisation and recreation of city residents. The income level also significantly shapes opinions regarding the contribution of urban agriculture to the increase in recycling. This study reflected critical lifestyle perspectives that impact people’s perception of the benefits of urban agriculture. The findings are expected to provide new insights for regulators and decision-makers, enabling them to develop tailored methods, strategies, policies, and legal measures to achieve sustainable growth in the urban community.
... These are taped on marginal, exceptional, disadvantaged, or eccentric individuals in society. For instance, surfers, particularly youthful individuals, ethnic minorities, a social group, especially one that is considered an underclass, the members of which have the same, often unusual, beliefs, lifestyle, preferences, and activities (Veal, 2017), (Veal, 1993). ...
This study aims to determine the market value creation based on lifestyle and social class in bali traditional market consumer behavior. The Consumer behavior and lifestyle research is accomplished through Data analysis that employs descriptive and interpretative qualitative methods. Descriptive was accomplished by categorizing the data into topics using the appropriate terminology. The variables' themes are described in relation to the theoretical framework and previous studies. The connections between these variables are the findings of this article. These meanings are representative of the article's findings in regards to the relationships between variables. The increasingly quiet traditional markets are attributed to lifestyle changes that are practical and fulfilling, modern markets offer a variety of goods and a modern lifestyle, they are also more profitable. As previously mentioned, traditional consumers are typically from the lower middle class, while modern consumers are from the upper middle class who have a higher capacity to purchase. Lifestyle investigations discuss the common practice of everyday activities, the value of attitudes, the way they become singular individuals, as well as the way they reflect experiences.
... However, they also acknowledged the potential downsides, such as comparisons, cyberbullying, risky behavior, and negative coping strategies. Additionally, sports and leisure activities were highlighted as beneficial for stress relief, supporting research that suggests incorporating leisure activities into daily routines can be advantageous [93][94][95]. Studies by [96] and [97] have shown that exercise reduces stress by affecting hormone and neurotransmitter levels, such as endorphins and serotonin, which improve mood and decrease cortisol levels. ...
Background
Medical students face significant stress and challenges that impact their professional development by affecting their levels of medical professionalism (MP), coping ability, and mental well-being (MWB). Given the high-stakes environment of medical education, understanding the interplay between these factors is crucial. This study aims to explore undergraduate medical students’ lived experiences of MP, coping strategies (CSs), and MWB to inform the development of effective support systems.
Methods
A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to capture the lived experiences of 40 medical students from first, third, and fifth years of study. Participants, selected through purposive sampling, represented diverse backgrounds (with 27 females, 18 fifth-year students, and 30 Malays). Seven FGDs, each with 5–10 participants, were conducted via Zoom©, yielding comprehensive qualitative data. An inductive coding approach was applied through iterative transcript analysis to ensure robust findings.
Results
Analysis revealed two themes related to MWB: ‘mental well-being issues,’ highlighting persistent mental health challenges, and ‘happiness,’ illustrating factors that sustain well-being. CSs were categorized into ‘positive coping,’ including seeking support, and ‘negative coping,’ such as denial. For MP, two themes emerged: ‘inter-medical professionalism,’ focusing on communication with others, and ‘intra-medical professionalism,’ emphasizing ethical self-conduct.
Conclusion
The interplay between CSs, MP, and MWB is complex and deeply intertwined. The findings highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions to support medical students in managing stress, maintaining professionalism, and enhancing their mental well-being throughout their training. Future research should further explore these themes to inform policy and curriculum development in medical education.
Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Socializing, moving, working, and leisure form the foundation of human experience. We examined whether these foundational, ostensibly nonpolitical behaviors are nevertheless bifurcated along political fault lines, revealing “lifestyle polarization.” Study 1 quantified the association between political identity and 61 social, movement, work, and leisure behaviors collected from smartphone sensors and logs (i.e., GPS, microphone, calls, texs, unlocks, activity recognition) and ecological momentary assessments (i.e., querying activity level, activity type, interaction partners, locations) at multiple temporal levels (i.e., daily, mornings, afternoon, evenings, nights, weekends, weekdays) in a sample of up to 1,229 students on a college campus. We found that liberals and conservatives behave differently in everyday life; the behavioral differences were small but robust, not accounted for by other plausible factors (e.g., demographics), and most pronounced in the leisure domain. Study 2 showed that the behavioral differences between liberals and conservatives were not accurately discerned by other students, who overestimated the extent of lifestyle polarization present on their campus. Together, these studies suggest that political identity has penetrated some of the most foundational aspects of everyday life, but not to the degree that people think. We discuss how communities may feel divided not only because of deep ideological disagreements across partisan lines but also because such disagreements are accompanied by distinct lifestyles—both real and (mis)perceived—that may prevent liberals and conservatives from engaging in cross-partisan contact and developing mutual understanding.
Marketing sustainable lifestyles requires a rapid reorientation away from perpetuating unsustainable behaviours and lifestyles with far-reaching implications for people and the planet. This chapter thus sets out to circumscribe how the enormous potential of the marketing discipline can be used as a positive force for sustainability. As a first step, this chapter defines sustainable lifestyles and differentiates them from specific sustainable behaviours before it delves into the principles of marketing sustainable lifestyles. It then outlines how marketing can evolve to accommodate and promote alternative ways of living within planetary boundaries by conceptualising a sustainable marketing mix tailored explicitly for sustainable lifestyles. Next, this chapter explores the motivations driving companies to market these lifestyles, the strategies that can be employed to promote sustainability, and the challenges or ‘lock-in’ factors businesses encounter in this endeavour. This chapter introduces the notion of a Lifestyle Change Support System as a vision and conceptual Northstar to provide businesses with a direction of travel. The concluding section summarises the key insights, underscoring the potential of marketing to foster sustainable behaviour and consumption.
Tea is integral part of our society. Popularity of tea as a beverage was established by the British East India Company. However, the soothing aroma and delicate beauty of tea conceal the harsh reality of the heavy labor of tea garden workers, specifically women. More than fifty percent of workers in tea industry are women. So, the economic role of women in tea industry is very crucial. In the tea garden community women are the primary breadwinners and men livelihood depend on them. They manage both domestic responsibilities and work in tea estate from early in the morning to evening. Despite this, in their community women receive limited recognition and value. They also struggle for decent education, healthcare, living conditions, and safety. To better understand their circumstances, a systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of lifestyle of the female tea garden community. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was used to identify, screening the article then eligible articles were included. A total number of 932 studies were eligible for systematic review. Most of the studies were obtained from Google Scholar, followed by Science Direct and Eric. Only 16 studies were included in our study. Based on these studies, educational and financial condition are the major factor that effect their lifestyle. Studies pointed out tea community women are in most vulnerable position. Every aspect of their lifestyle is filled with difficulties from their early marriage to discrepancies in wages. So, there is a need for evidence based, comprehensive intervention procedures to uplift the women's lifestyle of tea community.
The social analysis of ‘leisure’ is not well developed. In part this reflects the area’s marginal status for sociology and Marxism, but this underdevelopment is also due to the failure of those who have been busy in the field to break out. Rather they seem to have been content to clear their own ground and map out the terrain, creating a fraternity of ‘leisure studies’.1 Recently, this contented community has been blasted by loud criticisms.2 Van Moorst, for example, argues that:
Theories of leisure have been dogged by three major problems: a series of superficial concepts and spurious distinctions … a preoccupation with a desire to plan leisure… and, thirdly, partly as a result of these an inadequate theoretical base most frequently stemming from a functionalist framework.3
The Experimental Cartography Unit has collaborated with the Centre for Environmental Studies to produce a series of experimental 'lifestyle maps' for Greater London which could revolutionize marketing and social research. The authors describe examples showing an area stretching north of the City of London. Various mapping techniques are described to display the spatial incidence of the seven neighbourhood types identified. -Eileen Turner.