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Governing as Governance Sage
Abstract
The concept of ‘governance’ has become a central catchword across the social and political sciences. In Governing and Governance, Jan Kooiman revisits and develops his seminal work in the field to map and demonstrate the utility of a sociopolitical perspective to our understanding of contemporary forms of governing, governance and governability. A central underlying theme of the book is the notion of governance as a process of interaction between different societal and political actors and the growing interdependencies between the two as modern societies become ever more complex, dynamic and diverse. Drawing upon a wide range of interdisciplinary insights, the book advances a comprehensive conceptual framework that seeks to capture the different elements, modes and orders of governing and governance. A series of useful distinctions are employed, for example, between self, ‘co’, and hierarchical modes, and between first, second, or meta orders to illustrate the many different structures and levels of modern governance today. Theoretically rich and illuminating, Governing and Governance will be essential reading for all students and academics across the social and political sciences, public management and public administration.
... 19 Governance complexity arises from interdependencies and interactions. 20 The governance perspective starts from the diversity, dynamics and complexities of the societies to be governed. The concept of interactions is central in the governance perspective; governance issues arise in these interactions and are handled in governing interactions. ...
... The governance approach assumes that many of these interrelations are based on the recognition of interdependencies, as no single actor, public or private, has all the knowledge and information required to solve complex, dynamic and diversified societal challenges. 20 In other words, governance is fundamentally about change. 19 From this perspective, governance is a process by which problems are collectively solved to meet society's needs. ...
... The addressing struggle reflected in the results section (see Tables 4 and 5) suggests that we are dealing with a matter of public concern 17 for which governance is required -"rules and regulations, processes as well as structures" 16 , to make decisions, share power, exercise responsibility and ensure accountability. 15 The governance deficiencies observed by our participants reveal the pockets of tension (or sources of problems) 20 that have led to the problematic situations they are experiencing. ...
Addresses are important for socio-economic gains and good governance in cities and municipalities. However, some countries, including South Africa, experience deficiencies in their address infrastructure. As a result, stakeholders who need addresses and address data to perform their respective mandates need to manoeuvre to find workarounds to overcome these deficiencies. In this paper, we explore the challenges and responses within the South African address infrastructure from the vantage point of governance stakeholders. Findings from semi-structured interviews reveal ambiguity about the need for addressing and uncertainty about its implementation. Adaptive strategies are deployed to overcome governance deficiencies, but these come at a significant cost. To resolve the struggle for an address infrastructure in South Africa, a congruent and coordinated governance approach informed by clear definitions, mandates and responsibilities is recommended. This study represents the first of its kind in capturing insiders’ perspectives on governance-related challenges from the vantage point of addressing stakeholders. The improved understanding of addressing governance challenges paves the way for further research into a transformative way forward for addressing in the country.
... Coordination is an aspect of this governance, but it does not constitute it entirely because its role is executive. However, according to Kooiman 3 and Barbosa 2 , coordination is crucial in complex contexts that require the integration of interdependent stakeholders who need to adapt to each other 3 . ...
... Coordination is an aspect of this governance, but it does not constitute it entirely because its role is executive. However, according to Kooiman 3 and Barbosa 2 , coordination is crucial in complex contexts that require the integration of interdependent stakeholders who need to adapt to each other 3 . ...
... What does appear repeatedly are the enormous challenges that persist and need to be considered by the managers responsible for institutionalizing the PNRMAV 1 . These points had already been identified by Minayo and Deslandes 14 and Souza et al. 6 : (1) Because this is a complex, interdisciplinary and interorganizational Policy, it requires permanent coordination and officially agreed action protocols; (2) a specific funding source for this Policy must be established at the federal and local levels; (3) it is necessary to agree on some indicators for action that can be controlled by local centers and valued in the assessment of professionals; (4) special attention should be given to the regions with the most significant difficulties in implementing the Policy; (5) it is necessary to pay attention to complaints from all locations -many of which operate through the personal commitment of employees -about the lack of institutional support, structure, and personnel; (6) It is necessary to invest in strategies that engage the pre-hospital, hospital and rehabilitation segments in the implementation of the Policy. The Primary Care level is currently the one that has assimilated it best. ...
A qualitative study analyzes advances and challenges in implementing the National Policy for Reducing Morbidity and Mortality from Accidents and Violence from the perspective of 63 implementers from the Brazilian regions. Aspects of institutionalizing complex public policies that require inter-organizational coordination are discussed. The results show that Primary Care is the level that most developed the Policy guidelines, and the Rehabilitation sector is the least engaged. From national coordination, the following stand out: training processes, formalization of commitments at all levels, decision, and negotiation mechanisms, permanent consultancy, creation of prevention centers, strengthening information systems, and financial subsidies. Of the local coordinations, the following stand out: actors from the prevention and health surveillance centers; leadership capacity to promote training and integration with other areas to carry out local diagnoses and choose priorities; networking; creating mechanisms for routinizing procedures. Obstacles to the implementation of PNRMAV are also addressed, which today can be seen as a glass half full and half empty. However, the country has sufficient capacity for it to be institutionalized.
... In the context of governance, Rhodes (1996) defines new governance as a process of governing without government, where multiple actors collaborate in complex networks. Kooiman (2003) explores the idea of governing as RAC, Rev. Adm. Contemp., v. 28, n. 6, e240195, 2024 | doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2024240195.en| e-ISSN 1982-7849 | rac.anpad.org.br ...
... Regarding governance and its participatory approach, according to the definitions of Rhodes (1996), Kooiman (2003) e Stoker (1998), the new governance is seen as a collaborative process without a centralized command, where multiple actors are involved in complex networks for decision-making. In the context of pirarucu management, this is evident in the active participation of local communities in resource management, reflecting the idea of participatory governance (Arnstein, 1969;Cornwall, 2008;Fung, 2006). ...
... Governance is an important factor for the success of pirarucu management, as shown in the study. The practices described in the paper reflect the concepts of governance in networks and collaborative processes discussed by Rhodes (1996) and Kooiman (2003). The participation of diverse actors (local communities, NGOs, governments) in managing natural resources is aligned with these principles, creating a shared governance model that increases conservation effectiveness. ...
Objective: to describe and critically analyze the participatory management process of pirarucu, a practice developed and monitored by the Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development (IDSM) in the Amazon region, highlighting its impact on local communities, its contribution to the bioeconomy and its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Theoretical approach: based on the premise of bioeconomy, the article also considers theories related to participatory management of natural resources and biodiversity conservation.
Method: a qualitative approach was adopted aligned with quantitative results from data analysis of action research with experts from the Mamirauá Institute on participatory management of pirarucu in the Central Amazon.
Results: The results show that the approach contributes to the conservation of the species and its habitat, promotes local eco-socioeconomic development, strengthens communities with equity, and is aligned with the bioeconomy, in addition to offering lessons for the SDGs.
Conclusions: it is concluded that the management of pirarucu carried out by the Mamirauá Institute integrates riverside communities, incorporating traditional knowledge into management and conservation practices. This initiative conserves the species and strengthens the local economy, ensuring stable income.
Keywords: pirarucu supply chain; sustainable development; Central Amazon; bioeconomy; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
... Isso contribui para maior celeridade nos serviços públicos, adaptando a administração às demandas sociais contemporâneas.Osborne e Gaebler (1992) ressaltam que "a governança pública eficaz depende da capacidade de reinventar o governo, adotando práticas inovadoras e orientadas para o cidadão" (OSBORNE; GAEBLER, 1992, p. 63), tornando a liderança servidora uma estratégia fundamental para a modernização da gestão pública municipal. Essa transformação é necessária para que a administração evolua e se adapte às rápidas mudanças do mundo contemporâneo, pois manter formas administrativas do passado é incompatível com a celeridade e complexidade atuais.Por fim,Kooiman (2003) reforça que a governança colaborativa exige líderes capazes de "gerenciar redes complexas de relações sociais, promovendo diálogo, confiança e corresponsabilidade"(KOOIMAN, 2003, p. 89). Essas características são inerentes à liderança servidora, tornando-a indispensável em um cenário de constantes transformações e desafios.Esta pesquisa configurou-se no método Dedutivo para confirmar ou refutar uma hipótese pré-estabelecida de forma sistêmica e lógica partindo de uma concepção geral para uma percepção específica, seguida da hipótese "os mecanismos de lideranças utilizados pelos A coleta de dados ocorreu em 3 (três) etapas. ...
... Essa realidade evidencia os limites da burocracia e a forte influência político-partidária, conforme discutido porWeber (1947).Por fim, as sugestões voltadas para a promoção de mudanças incluem investimentos em tecnologia, ética e participação popular. Essas iniciativas reforçam o conceito de governança colaborativa, conforme descrito porOsborne (1992) eKooiman (2003), que destacam a importância de uma gestão centrada nas demandas sociais. ...
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como a aplicação da liderança servidora, baseada no modelo da pirâmide invertida de James Hunter, pode contribuir para a eficiência e humanização da gestão pública municipal de Alvarães, Amazonas, Brasil. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, a finalidade quanto ao objetivo, constituiu a forma descritiva e explicativa, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica, questionários abertos e fechados aplicados a gestores, servidores e cidadãos do município. A proposta busca fomentar a reflexão sobre modelos de gestão que superem a hierarquia tradicional, valorizando o serviço, o diálogo e a corresponsabilidade. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de melhorias na eficiência administrativa, na satisfação dos servidores e no atendimento ao cidadão.
... Por ello, con la eliminación del INEE en 2019, y más recientemente, de la instancia que lo sustituyó, Mejoredu, 6 así como del Coneval, se vuelve necesario pensar en nuevas estrategias para garantizar la continuidad de los procesos de evaluación de política, y, en este caso, de las políticas y programas educativos. 7 SEGUIMIENTO Y EVALUACIÓN CIUDADANA DE LA POLÍTICA EDUCATIVA La gobernanza en la evaluación -entendida como la articulación de actores diversos para generar y propiciar su uso en la toma de decisiones- (Kooiman, 2003), se plantea como una propuesta que vale la pena explorar. En un modelo de evaluación desde un enfoque de gobernanza, instituciones académicas, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y el sector privado pueden asumir un papel más activo en la evaluación de políticas públicas. ...
... Es importante anotar que el monitoreo y evaluación no son prácticas meramente técnicas, sino instrumentos políticos que pueden dar legitimidad a las acciones gubernamentales al fortalecer la rendición de cuentas y fomentar la participación ciudadana(Kooiman, 2003). ...
En México, el seguimiento y la evaluación de las políticas públicas han atravesado distintas etapas institucionales. En el contexto actual, marcado por la eliminación de los organismos encargados de evaluar programas sociales, incluidos los educativos, persiste la incertidumbre sobre quién asumirá dichas funciones. Ante este vacío institucional, resulta clave valorar el papel que pueden desempeñar la academia y la sociedad civil organizada en la construcción de mecanismos alternativos de seguimiento y evaluación y plantear la forma en que esto podría hacerse. Este artículo esboza una propuesta para el seguimiento y evaluación ciudadana de la política educativa, basado en el análisis de coherencia entre políticas y tomando como insumo principal el Programa Sectorial de Educación.
... Understanding environmental governance empowers researchers and practitioners alike to work towards solutions that improve both environmental and human well-being outcomes. Within sustainable environmental governance systems, responsibility for natural resource management is shared between an array of federal and sub-federal governments and non-state actors, including nonprofit organizations and businesses as well as the public [1][2][3]. The literature on environmental governance increasingly highlights the importance of collective action for resource management [4]. ...
... (According to the US Coastal Zone Management Act, the US Great Lakes are considered coastal zones.) By comparing the cases, we gathered insights about (1) how decision contexts shift and are defined in practice; (2) the EPA ORD's contributions to multiple decision dimensions (i.e., regulator, funder, researcher); (3) stakeholder identification, definition, and roles; and (4) the desired outcomes and how they are defined by different participants. We contend that these long-term research projects present a model for developing relationships that demonstrate how to advance ecosystem service science while adapting to different types of governance. ...
Understanding environmental governance empowers researchers and practitioners alike to work towards solutions that improve both environmental and human well-being outcomes. Collaborative, iterative approaches to governance use bridging approaches such as translational ecology, boundary work, and ecosystem services. The US Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development worked with a variety of collaborators to implement six multi-year coordinated case study research projects. The research projects were designed to support agency collaborators spanning different geographies, ecosystems, and environmental management decision contexts, and to demonstrate that different tools, approaches, and ecosystem service foci can enhance coastal and other water resource sustainability. To better understand the iterative and collaborative nature of the cases and collaborations, researchers conducted an analysis of the comparative case studies based on Williams’ (2018) and Ostrom’s (1994, 2009) frameworks. The team identified (1) who participated in the processes; (2) what the programs and goals were; (3) where programs worked and their resources; and (4) the resulting outcomes. We demonstrate that stakeholder participation and outcomes look different within different projects, and we conclude that relationships, focus on place, and common goals produce the most impactful results.
... Elkington (1997) No âmbito da governança, Rhodes (1996) define a nova governança como um processo de governar sem governo, onde múltiplos atores colaboram em redes complexas. Kooiman (2003) explora a ideia de governar como governança, enfatizando a necessidade de novas abordagens para lidar com a complexidade e a dinâmica dos sistemas sociais. Stoker (1998) propõe cinco proposições para a teoria da governança, destacando a importância da participação e da responsabilidade compartilhada. ...
... No que diz respeito à governança e sua abordagem participativa, conforme as definições de Rhodes (1996), Kooiman (2003) e Stoker (1998, a nova governança é vista como um processo colaborativo sem um comando centralizado, onde múltiplos atores se envolvem em redes complexas para tomada de decisão. No contexto do manejo do pirarucu, isso é evidente na participação ativa das comunidades locais na gestão dos recursos, refletindo a ideia de governança participativa (Arnstein, 1969;Cornwall, 2008;Fung, 2006). ...
Objective: to describe and critically analyze the participatory management process of pirarucu, a practice developed and monitored by the Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development (IDSM) in the Amazon region, highlighting its impact on local communities, its contribution to the bioeconomy and its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Theoretical approach: based on the premise of bioeconomy, the article also considers theories related to participatory management of natural resources and biodiversity conservation.
Method: a qualitative approach was adopted aligned with quantitative results from data analysis of action research with experts from the Mamirauá Institute on participatory management of pirarucu in the Central Amazon.
Results: The results show that the approach contributes to the conservation of the species and its habitat, promotes local eco-socioeconomic development, strengthens communities with equity, and is aligned with the bioeconomy, in addition to offering lessons for the SDGs.
Conclusions: it is concluded that the management of pirarucu carried out by the Mamirauá Institute integrates riverside communities, incorporating traditional knowledge into management and conservation practices. This initiative conserves the species and strengthens the local economy, ensuring stable income.
Keywords: pirarucu supply chain; sustainable development; Central Amazon; bioeconomy; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
... In the governance literature, the traditional understanding of government as the sole source of authority has long been questioned. Governance rather points to a multiplicity of actors exercising authority (Kooiman, 2003;Rhodes, 1996;Rosenau, 2004). While this leads to a redrawing of boundaries between state and society, it does not imply a hollowing out of the state, but rather a change in its role and the manner statecraft is being exercised (Bevir, 2010;Kooiman, 2003;Lynn, 2010;Peters and Pierre, 2004;Rhodes, 1996). ...
... Governance rather points to a multiplicity of actors exercising authority (Kooiman, 2003;Rhodes, 1996;Rosenau, 2004). While this leads to a redrawing of boundaries between state and society, it does not imply a hollowing out of the state, but rather a change in its role and the manner statecraft is being exercised (Bevir, 2010;Kooiman, 2003;Lynn, 2010;Peters and Pierre, 2004;Rhodes, 1996). With governance paradigms diversifying, the logics of state (old public administration), market (new public management) and community (new public governance) are recombined in new ways. ...
In a context of complex and unprecedented challenges, innovations in governance are called for to embrace uncertainty and contingency. As a novel form of governance urban experimentation is intended to foster innovation and promote societal change. Building on the concepts of reconfiguration and multiplicity, scholars direct attention towards the multidimensional, hybrid and recursive nature of transformative change. The article provides an empirical exploration of local experimentation and contextual reconfiguration, illustrating how experimentation is mediated by and transforms local governance settings. It builds on "Dresden-City of the Future: Empowering Citizens, Transforming Cities!", a transdisciplinary research project that aims to facilitate the co-creation of knowledge by researchers and practitioners, and advance the governance of local sustainability transitions. The exploratory study sheds light on processes of realignment between old and new forms of governance, illustrating the shift from hierarchy to co-creation, and from planning and accountability to experimentation and exploration.
... The term "governance" can be understood as a new "grammar" to speak about government, regulation and management (Bora 2014, Rhodes 1996, one that marks the growing tendency to develop public policies with the collaboration of a vast set of social actors, both public and private (Kooiman 2003, Loorbach 2010. The emergence of governance arrangements is usually associated with society's growing complexity (Kooiman 1993), where both traditional centralized and purely spontaneous, market-led, decentralized coordination end up being inadequate (Voss et al. 2009). ...
Sustainability has become a ubiquitous concept in modern society, but its inherent ambiguity makes it a source of enduring controversy. While the mainstream narrative has striven to make it the fundamental telos of all human activities, counter-narrative accounts have tended to treat it as an empty, rhetorical catchword potentially used to justify imperialism. Not siding with either of these interpretations, this manuscript delves into how sustainability is, becomes, and endures as a concept, in addition to the performative effects it engenders in modern society. In particular, we argue that sustainability has functioned as a semantic horizon and meta-narrative that allowed modern governance to emerge and become the new global rationality. The paper takes an analytical approach based on conceptual history and sociology, observing concepts as webs of meanings in relation to latent social structures. On this basis, the paper provides a conceptual-historical reconstruction of the emergence, core meaning and communicative performance of sustainability semantics, followed by a reflection on its relation to governance. The manuscript concludes, first, that sustainability emerges as a way to overcome the communications paradox involved in the reciprocal interdependence between society and its environment. Second, that the current communicational success of sustainability semantics derives from its ability to combine flexibility and coherence across the cognitive and normative dimensions. And third, that this ability makes sustainability a common horizon of possibility (of meaning), in turn granting legitimacy and coherence to an emerging governance regime coordinating global efforts at steering and governing the interaction between society and its environment.
... Disaster risk governance involves the interaction of social, political, and administrative actors to manage hazards, vulnerabilities, and exposures, aiming to reduce risk and mitigate the impacts of disasters. Building on Kooiman's (2003) concept of governance, this approach encompasses the actions of governments, the private sector, and civil society across multiple levels to address emerging challenges effectively (Fra Paleo, 2015). Collaborative, multi-level, and multi-actor systemsspanning local communities to national and multilateral entities -are key to their success. ...
Wildfires in Europe are becoming more frequent and intense, even impacting regions that are historically less affected. This report, prepared by a working group of the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC), examines the drivers
behind these changes, explores the consequences, and reviews current wildfire management practices. It advocates for an integrated EU framework for fire adaptation and assesses current policies and strategies. Moving beyond fire suppression strategies alone, the report emphasises addressing root causes and strengthening institutional capacities. It advocates for enhanced cooperation and coordination between stakeholders, increased fire literacy, and improved funding for prevention, restoration, and land-use planning. It also supports a unified European integrated fire management system to enable the interoperability of qualified resource sharing among member states. The report culminates in a set of three urgent key messages and eight policy options designed to improve today’s wildfire management and to prepare for future challenges. In the future, nearly one-fifth of Southern Europe may experience extreme fire danger as often as every 2 years. Europe must learn to coexist with fire and adapt to this evolving landscape.
... In general terms, governance may be defined to encompass all processes through which collective affairs are managed in society, typically through combinations of hierarchical, market and network forms of regulation (see Healey 2006a, b). More specifically, governance can be understood as the cumulative outcome of intentional and non-intentional interactions between governing actors (Kooiman 2003). This theorisation of governance highlights the complexity of processes of governance in society and the extent to which a multiplicity of governing actions (broadly understood as practices which seek to manage collective affairs in society) interact with each other, with the consequence that the specific outcomes of governance activity may be difficult to ascertain or predict in advance. ...
Islands are neither homogenous nor uniform. They are plural and diverse microcosms of the wider societies and relational networks within which they are situated. Small islands may be comparatively less accessible in physical terms but tend to have a strong presence in the popular imagination, often because of their perceived remoteness and status as ‘places apart’. Neighbouring islands within an archipelago are often found to have distinct characters, reflecting locally-specific social, cultural and environmental dynamics. Islands are thus both ordinary and extraordinary places (see Robinson 2006). As a consequence of their distinctive island particularity, islands tend to face specific sets of governance challenges but can also become loci for innovation and transformative change. Many challenges faced by small islands related to accessibility, seasonality, infrastructure and service provision are shared by mainland rural communities but are placed in sharper focus and can have more significant and long-lasting implications within an island context. The location of islands at the boundary of the terrestrial and maritime further presents a challenge to sectorally organised governance systems. It is increasingly evident that local, place-specific solutions are required, which require a degree of flexibility within the scope of established institutional arrangements. We distinguish between two dimensions of place-based governance - place identity (fluid, contested and subject to reconfiguration) and strategic positioning, whereby governance actors try to position or frame their island within a wider geographical context as a response to governance challenges. We examine current approaches to addressing island particularity in national and regional policy, and opportunities for developing innovative place-based approaches. We draw on exploratory comparative case studies of small North Sea islands in Germany (Hallig islands, Schleswig-Holstein), the Netherlands (Schiermonnikoog) and Sweden (Koster islands), focussing specifically on the scope for place-based governance and strategic positioning within the specific contexts of each national system of public administration.
... Improved communication strategies, community education programs, and inclusive consultation processes have helped bridge some of the gaps between conservation authorities and residents. As supported by previous studies [51,52], the success of PAs is linked to greater stakeholder participation in the decision-making process. Sustainable tourism initiatives, without adverse ecological impact and biodiversity stress [53,54], and locally driven conservation efforts showcase positive examples of cooperation, demonstrating that protection and economic activity can coexist when properly managed. ...
Protected areas (PAs) are essential for conserving biodiversity and supporting sustainable development, particularly in ecologically rich yet administratively challenged regions like Romania. This study aims to understand how key stakeholders—local residents and protected area administrators—experience and interpret conservation management in the Southwestern Carpathians, one of Europe’s last remaining large-scale wilderness areas. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the research offers an in-depth qualitative investigation into how individuals perceive, navigate, and negotiate conservation regulations, socio-economic pressures, and sustainable development goals. The findings highlight a deep emotional connection between residents and nature, juxtaposed with tensions over restrictions, perceived loss of autonomy, and limited compensation. Administrators, in turn, face challenges in enforcing regulations, managing tourism, and engaging communities amidst institutional fragmentation and resource constraints. Key findings emphasize the importance of environmental education, trust-building, and participatory governance in reconciling conservation aims with local development needs. The study underscores the need for inclusive, context-sensitive conservation strategies that integrate community perspectives and facilitate cooperation among local authorities, residents, and administrators. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of stakeholder dynamics and policy implementation within protected areas, emphasizing the importance of co-produced knowledge and adaptive governance. Future research is encouraged to adopt participatory action approaches and expand stakeholder diversity to support more socially inclusive and ecologically resilient conservation practices.
... Докато се очаква от правителството да се намеси в ситуациите, когато другите институции се провалят, то ще продължи да играе "всестранната" роля в публичното управление." (Kooiman, 2003). ...
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Книгата представя концепцията за мрежовото управление като съвременен модел за ефективна координация на публичните политики. Разглежда се еволюцията на парадигмите в публичната администрация и интегрирането на класически, мениджърски и съвместни подходи в рамките на мрежовата администрация. Изведени са ключовите компоненти и механизми за управление на публичните мрежи, включително актьори, стратегически подходи и индикатори за ефективност. Анализирана е ролята на мрежовите мениджъри като фасилитатори на междуорганизационното сътрудничество, както и влиянието на публичните мрежи върху ефективността на администрацията. Разграничени са основните видове публични мрежи и са представени стратегически насоки за тяхното управление, включително възможностите за децентрализация и подобряване на прозрачността. Специално внимание е отделено на капиталовите ресурси в публичните мрежи и тяхното оптимално разпределение. Книгата предлага и критерии за оценка на мрежовото изпълнение, както и практически модели за прилагане на мрежовото управление в различни сектори като образование, здравеопазване и социални услуги. Трудът подчертава значението на мрежовото управление като инструмент за модернизация на публичния сектор и насърчаване на по-добро взаимодействие между държавата, бизнеса и гражданското общество.
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The book presents the concept of network governance as a modern model for effective coordination of public policies. It examines the evolution of paradigms in public administration and the integration of classical, managerial, and collaborative approaches within the framework of network administration. The key components and mechanisms for managing public networks are outlined, including actors, strategic approaches, and effectiveness indicators. The role of network managers as facilitators of interorganizational cooperation is analyzed, as well as the impact of public networks on the effectiveness of administration. The main types of public networks are distinguished, and strategic guidelines for their management are presented, including opportunities for decentralization and improving transparency. Special attention is given to capital resources in public networks and their optimal distribution. The book also offers criteria for evaluating network performance and practical models for applying network governance in various sectors such as education, healthcare, and social services. The work emphasizes the importance of network governance as a tool for the modernization of the public sector and fostering better interaction between the state, business, and civil society.
... La gobernanza abarca la idea de la necesidad de adoptar un enfoque pluralista en el desarrollo y la implementación de políticas públicas. En este sentido, Kooiman (2002) subraya la importancia de la colaboración entre el Estado, el mercado y la ciudadanía: "Ningún actor, ya sea público o privado, posee por sí solo el conocimiento y la información necesarios para abordar problemas complejos, dinámicos y diversificados. Ningún actor cuenta con una perspectiva suficiente para utilizar eficazmente los instrumentos necesarios. ...
La presente publicación no solo recoge las principales reflexiones y resultados del proyecto “Enredando en el barrio de la Ermita del Santo. Planificación participativa para un desarrollo sostenible”, llevado a cabo por docentes y estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) y de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), sino que también cuenta su historia.
La oportunidad de lanzar el proyecto llegó con la convocatoria nODoS impulsada por el Vicerrectorado de Compromiso social y Sostenibilidad de la UAM en el mes de junio de 2023. El equipo, conformado por un grupo inicial de diez docentes de Ciencia política y Arquitectura, decidió elaborar una propuesta de carácter experimental y con impacto social, con la decidida voluntad de contribuir al alcance de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) desde la universidad. Para ello, nos inspiramos en las metodologías de innovación docente del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) y el Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS).
La propuesta fue seleccionada y se desarrolló entre los meses de septiembre a diciembre de ese año. Involucró a más de 140 estudiantes, organizados en 37 grupos de trabajo, y contó con la colaboración activa de agentes de la sociedad civil y representantes políticos, además de con el inestimable apoyo de todo el equipo de la Unidad de Equidad Social de la UAM. Esta iniciativa ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Derechos Sociales y Agenda 2030 en el marco del proyecto SEEDS de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
... Second, EGR constitutes an interdisciplinary research field, relating inter alia to political science, international relations, public administration, sociology, planning, institutional economics, human geography, human ecology, innovation studies, and law. According to diverse governance scholarship (Kooiman 2003;Lemos and Agrawal 2006;Driessen et al. 2012;Challies and Newig 2019;Rose and Newig 2023), governance refers to the complex structures and interactive processes through which societies organize, coordinate, and manage their affairs, and operate toward reaching societal goals. Governing human-environment interactions through collective action, environmental governance arrangements may operate across spatial and formal-jurisdictional scales toward a range of causes such as the conservation and management of natural resources and socialecological systems as well as the protection of human health. ...
Environmental governance research (EGR) has been criticized for not being cumulative, despite the importance of cumulative knowledge for evidence-informed decision-making in addressing global sustainability problems. However, defining, measuring, and assessing knowledge cumulation in EGR remain challenging. This study presents a systematic effort to address this challenge. Next to conceptualizing knowledge cumulation, we developed metrics to gauge the potential of EGR for knowledge cumulation on the levels of individual articles and scientific community. We applied those metrics to the "Earth System Governance" (ESG) research community within the field of EGR and analyzed its body of research through publications emerging from the first seven ESG conferences, resulting in 362 journal articles. Employing a comprehensive coding scheme, we further analyzed a random sample of 100 of those articles. Our findings suggest limited potentials for knowledge cumulation within ESG research. At the community level, we found a diverse journal landscape, a core-periphery structure in citation networks and co-authorship patterns, heterogeneous research questions, and only a few shared reference works, concepts, frameworks, and variables. At the article level, we observed few literature reviews, little data sharing, infrequent application of theories and frameworks, a shortage of clear definitions, and insufficient reflection on limitations. Moreover, we found that midsized author teams advance the knowledge cumulation potential. The ESG community aligns with Whitley's notion of a "fragmented adhocracy" characterized by diverse but disjointed research efforts, which still may foster interdisciplinary exchange. Our suggested conceptualizations, metrics, and results lay the foundation for future comparative and in-depth research on cumulating knowledge.
... Legitimacy refers to the perceived responsiveness of institutions (e.g., laws, codes and standards and collaborations) to societal or individual needs and concerns, which subsequently underpins their acceptance by those subject to them [33]. Legitimacy is continually reproduced through interactions between the aquaculture industry, government and civil society groups [34]. For instance, as aquaculture industries grow, they need to maintain the societal trust that they use public land and water resources sustainably and/or minimise the health and biodiversity risks stemming from disease management (see for, e.g., [35][36][37]). ...
The Aquaculture Governance Indicators (AGI) are an integrated social scientific framework for assessing governance performance for steering aquaculture sectors towards sustainability around the world. The AGI assess four governance dimensions against three governance principles. The four governance dimensions – legislation, voluntary codes and standards, collaborative arrangements and governance capabilities - allow for a systematic mapping of the governance landscape. The governance principles – legitimacy, effectuation, and coordination – focus on the organisation of roles and responsibilities, the implementation and effectiveness of enforcement, monitoring and learning, and the alignment of activities. This paper demonstrates the explorative and explanatory power of the AGI framework using the case of disease management in the salmon industries of Norway, Chile, and Canada. Our findings show that the governance of disease risk in these salmon industries is strongly supported by state legislation, yet remains limited in steering towards alternative solutions for avoiding or mitigating the effects of disease – and other persistent environmental challenges. We conclude that the AGI provides a valuable framework for self- or guided reflection and deliberation amongst decision-makers and stakeholders in aquaculture sectors around the world. Further development of the AGI framework will focus on a global set of country assessments, comparative analysis between production regions, comparison with other aquaculture indicator frameworks and the AGI’s potential for assessing the governance performance of food systems more broadly.
... For example, Chhotray and Stoker (2009) emphasize the complex decision-making that occurs through the "practice of collective decision-making" among diverse and multiple actors. Kooiman (2003) describes governance as a series of "interactions" between public and private actors to solve societal problems or create societal opportunities, with institutions providing the context for these interactions and creating a normative basis for all such activities. ...
In the urban context, data governance has only recently gained attention, though the increased importance of data with the emergence of smart cities is unprecedented. Data governance helps ensure the efficient management, utilization, and protection of data, all essential for enhancing service delivery, refining decision-making processes, and fostering trust in data integrity. This study presents a data governance reference model adapted to urban requirements – the urban data governance reference model – developed following the design science research paradigm. We describe the steps of the reference model development, from establishing a scientific theory base to analysis of the problem environment in 27 EU cities to the development process of the artifact and evaluation through expert interviews in 10 EU cities. The findings reveal that no reference model for urban data governance exists in the scientific literature. In practice, cities face challenges such as data silos, lack of interoperability, and redundancies, as well as a lack of data culture. Support for creating data governance programs is also lacking. The urban data governance reference model harmonizes technology, organization, and culture through four foundation layers and four pillars. Experts' evaluation of the reference model provides essential insights into its completeness, comprehensibility, applicability, and possible improvement measures for future research. It is highly adaptable and can serve as an orientation aid for cities implementing data governance.
... A coordenação é um aspecto dessa governança, mas não a constitui integralmente, porque seu papel é executivo. Entretanto, no entender de Kooiman 3 e Barbosa 2 , a coordenação é crucial em contextos complexos que exigem integração de atores interdependentes que precisam adaptar-se uns aos outros 3 . ...
Resumo Estudo qualitativo que analisa avanços e desafios na implementação da Política Nacional de Redução da Morbimortalidade por Acidentes e Violências, sob o olhar de 63 implementadores das regiões do Brasil. Discutem-se aspectos de institucionalização das políticas públicas complexas que exigem articulação interorganizacional. Os resultados mostram que a Atenção Primária é o nível que mais desenvolveu as diretrizes da Política, e o setor de Reabilitação é o menos engajado. Da coordenação nacional destacam-se: processos de formação; formalização dos compromissos em todos os níveis; mecanismos de decisão e negociação; assessoria permanente; criação de núcleos de prevenção; fortalecimento dos sistemas de informação e subsídios financeiros. Das coordenações locais ressaltam-se: atores dos núcleos de prevenção e de vigilância em saúde; capacidade de liderança, de promoção da formação e integração com outras áreas; realização de diagnósticos locais e eleição de prioridades; de trabalho em rede; de criação de mecanismos de rotinização de procedimentos. São tratados também os entraves à implementação da PNRMAV que hoje pode ser vista como um copo meio cheio e meio vazio. Porém, há no país capacidade suficiente para que ela se institucionalize.
... La coordinación es un aspecto de esta gobernanza, pero no la constituye en su totalidad, ya que su función es ejecutiva. Sin embargo, según Kooiman 3 y Barbosa 2 , la coordinación es crucial en contextos complejos que requieren la integración de actores interdependientes que deben adaptarse entre sí 3 . ...
Resumen Estudio cualitativo que analiza avances y desafíos en la implementación de la Política Nacional de Reducción de la Morbilidad y Mortalidad por Accidentes y Violencia, desde la perspectiva de 63 implementadores de las regiones de Brasil. Se discuten aspectos de institucionalización de políticas públicas complejas que requieren coordinación interorganizacional. Los resultados muestran que la Atención Primaria es el nivel que más desarrolló los lineamientos de la Política, y el sector de Rehabilitación es el menos comprometido. De la coordinación nacional destacan: procesos de formación; formalización de compromisos en todos los niveles; mecanismos de decisión y negociación; consultoría permanente; creación de centros de prevención; fortalecimiento de los sistemas de información y subsidios financieros. De las coordinaciones locales destacan: actores de los centros de prevención y vigilancia; capacidad de liderazgo, fomento de formación e integración con otras áreas; realización de diagnósticos locales; elleción de prioridades; creación de redes y mecanismos para rutinarizar procedimientos. También se abordan los obstáculos a la implementación del PNRMAV, que hoy puede verse como un vaso medio lleno y medio vacío. Sin embargo, existe capacidad institucional y humana en el país para institucionalizarla.
... This framework used to assess the extent to which diverse stakeholders are engaged in policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation in Taita Taveta County. Governance Theory, developed by scholars like Kooiman (2003) and Rhodes (1997), focuses on the structures and processes of public decision-making, highlighting accountability, transparency, and participation. This theory will analyze the effectiveness of governance structures in Taita Taveta County and their influence on participatory policy development. ...
The significance of Public Participation in Strategic Policy Management for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in Taita Taveta County, Kenya, cannot be understated. This research project seeks to investigate how Public Participation influence sustainable socio-economic development in Taita Taveta County, Kenya. The specific objectives to this study include investigating the effect of public participation during the strategy formulation phase on sustainable socio-economic development in Taita Taveta County, Kenya; assessing the impact of public participation during the strategy implementation phase on sustainable socio-economic development in Taita Taveta County, Kenya; and evaluating the effect of public participation during the strategy evaluation phase on sustainable socio-economic development in Taita Taveta County, Kenya. The study is grounded in three theoretical frameworks, namely Stakeholder Theory, Governance Theory and Sustainable Development theory. In order to accomplish the stated objectives, a descriptive research design was employed for this study. The research covered all 20 wards in Taita Taveta County. A sample size of 422 respondents was drawn from 9 County Executive Committee Members, 14 Ward Administrators, 14 Members of the County Assembly and 385 household representatives. Household representatives were selected using stratified random sampling while key informants from the government's executive and legislative arms was chosen through purposive sampling. The research utilized descriptive research design approach, combining surveys and interviews administered through questionnaires and interview schedules as primary sources, supplemented by secondary sources such as policy documents and briefs. The collected data underwent comprehensive analysis using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Descriptive analysis, including means, modes, and standard deviations, was employed to delineate the basic characteristics of the study population. Inferential statistics like Pearson's Product Moment correlation and multiple regression models discerned relationships between variables. Throughout the research process, ethical considerations were paramount with adherence to established protocols. This research offered a deep understanding of how public participation, as a strategic management practice, contribute to sustainable socio-economic development. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the dynamics of strategic management practices, potentially informing recommendations for enhancing sustainable socio-economic development in the county. The study's findings, highlights the significant roles of public participation on Strategy Formulation, Strategic Policy Evaluation, Institutional Capacity, and Strategic Policy Implementation in driving Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in Taita Taveta County, Kenya. Key findings include the strong positive impact of Institutional Capacity and Public Participation in Strategic Policy Evaluation, with recommendations focused on enhancing organizational frameworks, implementing continuous public engagement during policy evaluation, and improving strategic planning and execution. Further research is suggested on external factors influencing development, the role of emerging technologies, and the long-term impacts of strategic policies.
... First, self-organisation focuses on developing a new order or structure in response to external demands, where systems independently acquire and maintain their own structure (De Wolf & Holvoet, 2004;Teisman et al., 2009). Although the concept of self-organisation is mentioned in several modern governance theories (for instance in Kooiman, 1993Kooiman, , 2002, including studies on networks (e.g. Klijn, 2008;Scott et al., 2018), its application to meta-organisation literature covers both the decided social order (purposefully constructed) (Grothe-Hammer & Berkowitz, 2024) and the emergent, non-decided social order that can be seen as the outcome of the process of self-organisation (Coulombel & Berkowitz, 2024). ...
This study employs complexity theory to elucidate coordination within public policy meta-organizations and explains how changes in the context of a meta-organization affect the complexity of coordination. We offer an analytical framework linking relational and structural attributes of complex systems: self-organisation, multiple systems and interdependence, coevolution, and nonlinearity with three types of coordination: vertical, horizontal, and hybrid. Based on a comparative study of two case meta-organisations, the Intermunicipal Political Council and World Trade Organisation, the findings suggest that one attribute of a complex system cannot determine the method of coordination, and only their combination provides a comprehensive understanding of coordination in meta-organizations. Furthermore, the results highlight the pivotal role of the context of meta-organizations in determining a coordination method. This study establishes a theoretical partnership between meta-organization and complex systems, thereby reducing the abstractness of complexity theory in public administration and management studies. Additionally, its contribution includes a comparative case study, addressing a gap in the meta-organisation literature mainly focused on single-case studies. Future research should consider other attributes of complex systems and evaluate the proposed analytical framework in other contexts, including the national public policy meta-organisations.
... Moreover, each Niels Åkerstrøm Andersen Play as a social immune mechanism in public organizations article | 13 institution had its own budget and strategy, employees were self-directed, the ideal citizen was active and engaged, and the hierarchy was inverted such that central state and municipal administrations now supervised the institutions' self-management as if they were autonomous organizations. New structures emerged to make this development workable: budget reforms, performance pay, internal contracts, self-management, strategy, dialogue management, self-evaluation, benchmarking, etc. (for similar observations in other parts of Europe: Willke, 1992Willke, , 1997Kooiman, 2003Kooiman, , 2008Kooiman and Jentoft, 2009;Kooiman and van Vliet, 2000;Crozier, 2007, Miller andRose, 1992;Rhodes, 1997). ...
Conflicts used to be accepted in the public sector. In fact, the state as a legal form was founded on a recognition that latent conflicts exist between societal and individual interests. Since around 2000, however, the public sector has declared war on all structures-whether legal, organizational, or professional. In this article, I see play as a symptom of this broader tendency to negate negativity in contemporary public governance regimes. In making this argument, the paper draws on Niklas Luhmann's distinction between structures and social immune mechanisms. Immune mechanisms, which serve to dissolve expectational certainty, protect communication when its continuation is threatened by structures developed by the communication itself. Through examples I show how the public sector recruits play as a communicative form that functions as a new type of social immune mechanism. But play as an immune mechanism is tricky, as it says 'no' both to structures and to negativity. Consequently, play attacks not only bureaucratic structures but also the structural possibilities of having conflicts, including ones entailing citizen resistance to the state.
... The application and practice of transdiciplinarity have also been integrated in the way issues concerning small-scale fisheries are identified and knowledge produced (Chuenpagdee and Jentoft, 2018b). In line with Rittel and Webber's (1973) description of the nature of wicked problems, as well as the interactive governance perspective, advanced by Jan Kooiman (2003), the starting point for transdisciplinarity is the wicked nature of problems and how stakeholders define and deliberate them. It is fair to assume, for instance, that different stakeholders, small-scale fishers being one of them, would have different ideas about what an MPA is, and what it is for. ...
Navigating Our Way reflects the broader insights and diverse voices revolutionizing marine conservation. This volume brings together an array of scholars, practitioners, and experts from multiple fields, creating a network of trans-disciplinary and multi-cultural perspectives to address the complex problems in marine conservation.
Larry B. Crowder, a leading voice in the field, has curated contributions on a wide range of topics, including critically endangered species in the Bahamas, Argentinian penguins, and the ecosystems of our coral reefs. The book delves deeply into human relationships with nature, the development of climate-smart solutions, and the governance of collective action.
Committed to inclusivity, this volume also includes conversations across the disciplines of natural sciences, social sciences, and governance, incorporating both Western and Indigenous knowledge traditions. This volume is highly relevant to marine conservation scholars, practitioners, managers, and students, and anyone interested in preserving our marine environment.
... In reality, however, governance networks may not deliver on the theoretical promises either due to process-related problems with recruiting and aligning actors or the creation of solutions that are unambitious, muddy, expensive, or in conflict with government priorities. To prevent or mitigate such problems, it is argued that the relatively self-governing governance networks must be metagoverned (Jessop, 2002;Kooiman, 2003;Sørensen and Torfing, 2007;. Metagovernance is an attempt to influence the processes and outcomes of governance networks without reverting too much to traditional forms of hierarchical command and control that undermine the self-governing capacity of networks (Peters, 2010;Torfing et al, 2012). ...
The expansion of the scope and significance of co-creation in public policy and governance prompts the integration of different theoretical strands that together can help us illuminating the antecedent conditions, the processes of multi-actor collaboration, the creation of innovative solutions and the assessment of their public value. Exploring the affinities and complementarities of relevant perspectives such as theories of co-creation, public value management, public innovation, collaborative governance, network governance, strategic management and digital era governance may foster a more comprehensive framework for studying the co-creation of public value outcomes such as needs-based services, effective governance and democratic legitimacy. This introduction seeks to explain why we must transform the public sector in order to spur co-creation, how strategic management and digital platforms can support this transformation, and why we must bring together and synthesize different bodies of theory when studying the complex processes of co-creation and their drivers, barriers and outcomes.
Public administration collaboration within the Triple Helix is critical to drive innovation and research. According to European Union support for joint research and innovation agenda through smart specialization projects, the strategy on cooperation within different regions is crucial. In the paper we examine the willingness for cooperation of different levels of government in the Triple Helix in research and innovation in Alpine region. We employed a quantitative approach by surveying public officials across different levels of government in seven countries that make up the Alpine region community. The empirical results suggest that public administration’s willingness to collaborate varies depending on which stakeholder they are associated with. The differences in willingness to collaborate also vary depending on the level of collaboration. The research findings have shown that the biggest obstacles to better collaboration in the Triple Helix are at the local level, despite various efforts in supporting collaboration by the EU.
Transitamos no solo una crisis ecológica y una crisis de desigualdad, sino también una crisis de confianza en el gobierno, la política y la ciencia. Estas crisis plantean grandes desafíos a las sociedades actuales sobre cómo avanzar hacia una transición sostenible construyendo una sociedad más justa e igualitaria. Diversos ámbitos académicos, centros de análisis estratégicos y desarrollo y activistas políticos han argumentado en favor de transformar los modelos de gobernanza, el contrato social, las interacciones entre sociedad, economía y gobierno, fundados en nuevos valores e imaginarios que ayuden a transitar desde una sociedad de mercado hacia alternativas de mayor sostenibilidad, bienestar y equidad. Reflexionar sobre nuevos modelos de gobernanza es por lo tanto un desafío global, que en la región se enfoca en los procesos de transiciones sostenibles. En este artículo se exploran marcos conceptuales sobre la gobernanza ambiental y posibles interacciones virtuosas entre los diversos aportes y enfoques, a efectos de incorporar robustamente las dinámicas políticas en los procesos de cambio.
Effects of drought experience on farmers’ decisions and water management practices remains poorly understood, particularly in regions where drought is historically uncommon. This paper investigates how farmers’ decisions on sustainable water management practices are influenced by their drought experience. We reviewed the scientific literature on the factors that affect farmers’ decisions and developed a conceptual model on the relationship of drought experience with those factors and the water management practices of farmers. We then applied and refined the model based on empirical data from the Salland region in the Netherlands. Our findings indicate that drought experience affects farmer decision-making through multiple factors, particularly the internal and external adaptive capacity of farmers, as well as belief in climate change and risk perception. The effect of drought experience through these factors is explained by farmers’ former adaptation responses. Furthermore, the experience of severe or frequent droughts results in higher risk perception by farmers. Drought experience influences the implementation of sustainable water management practices with varying levels of contribution to drought resilience. We identify three future research directions to build on our findings. First, it can be tested whether maladaptation is indeed an intervening factor between drought experience and the internal and external adaptive capacity. Second, the conditions that enable structural measures to enhance drought resilience can be investigated, as none of the implemented measures seems to have succeeded in making farmers fully drought resilient. Third, adaptation pathways can be incorporated into the conceptual model to prioritise and combine multiple strategies and the role of different policy instruments in water and agricultural sectors from a long-term perspective.
Artykuł jest próbą sformułowania schematu pojęciowo-analitycznego, użytecznego do badania procesów rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. Jego ramę wyznaczają trzy perspektywy teoretyczne: koncepcja scen, koncepcja sieci oraz koncepcja ruchów społecznych. Zadaniem pierwszej z nich jest ujmowanie określonych fragmentów przestrzeni (wielości miejsc), które stanowią pole przejawiania się rozmaitych praktyk społecznych skoncentrowanych nie tylko na konsumpcji, ale także na działaniach ekonomicznych i politycznych. Koncepcja sieci, odwołująca się w tym kontekście przede wszystkim do idei współrządzenia, ma za zadanie konceptualizację istoty i zakresu relacji pomiędzy różnymi aktorami społecznymi, którzy występują na określonych scenach i biorą udział w procesach rozwojowych. Koncepcja ruchów społecznych została przedstawiona w postaci analizy charakteru poszczególnych aktorów.
Partindo do quadro teórico da nova governança pública, bem como da célebre obra de Manuel Castells (1999) sobre a sociedade em rede e as transformações no setor público, este artigo buscou traçar um panorama, em nível local, da participação social mediada por Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação no poder executivo municipal. A hipótese norteadora deste estudo é a de que a institucionalização da governança pública em nível local não constitui condição suficiente para a difusão de práticas eficientes de participação social. A formulação de indicadores quantitativos, aliada à discussão qualitativa e comparativa do tema, resultou na confirmação da hipótese de trabalho, evidenciando ainda que o grau de participação pode ser ampliado com iniciativas que busquem incluir o público que tem acesso à internet exclusivamente por meio de dispositivos móveis.
The rapid advance of artificial intelligence (AI) raises profound governance questions for all societies. However, the discourse on AI governance thus far has been led by a small number of countries that are the leaders in AI technology. Little research has been done on how Global South countries can enhance their AI governance capacity. Are the countries of the Global South simply “passengers in flight” – passive adopters of AI technology, norms, and governance practices developed elsewhere? How much priority should Global South countries give to AI governance, and the development of AI governance capacity, in light of the numerous other pressing challenges they face? This article argues that the Global South “passengers in flight” indeed do have the ability to take meaningful steps to improve their AI governance capacity. The first step is to have a conceptual framework for AI governance capacity, which the article recommends would consist of three elements: (i) Steering AI in the Global South will be a long-term process; (ii) Distributional outcomes of AI in the Global South will be socially-determined; and (iii) Enhancing AI governance capacity in Global South countries requires systematic action and learning at the national level. Thus the pressing challenge of governing AI is not primarily a search for today’s most comprehensive regulation, but rather a long-term process of taking practical, proactive local steps to generate knowledge, enact targeted local policies and gain experience and capacity over time. To apply this framework to the diverse conditions in countries of the Global South, the article recommends a process of assessment, policy action and evaluation, as well as several specific areas of policy consideration for national policymakers, academics, enterprises, media and civil society in the Global South. Through a process of systematic development of national AI governance capacity, the passengers in flight can gain a higher degree of agency, and thus better shape their AI journey.
Este artículo aborda un problema complejo: el racismo en el acceso a la vivienda. Para ello, realiza una aproximación normativa y conceptual al derecho a la no discriminación, centrándose en la ciudad de Olot, Girona, donde se ha diseñado una política pública para combatir el racismo en el mercado inmobiliario. El estudio combina el análisis académico de una problemática creciente con un trabajo de transferencia de conocimiento estructurado a partir de la gestión de un proceso deliberativo para construir esta política pública. Entre los principales resultados, se identifican barreras raciales y culturales que limitan el acceso a la vivienda y los beneficios, además de limitaciones del enfoque deliberativo para abordar estas desigualdades. Sin embargo, su implementación requiere el compromiso de las autoridades locales. El artículo ofrece una aportación teórica y práctica, vinculando una problemática emergente con el debate sobre el giro deliberativo en las políticas públicas.
In the search for novel solutions for neighborhood governance, it is necessary to review the to-date paradigms and concepts first. This section starts with an overview of various manifestos in urban governance, followed by several definitions of neighborhood and different approaches to local policy. It also shows the links between neighborhood planning and urban governance. Then selected aspects of virtualization of urban environment are presented as a challenge that needs to be addressed with relevant governance solutions. The section concludes with a synthesis of the to-date urban policy paradigms and a list of issues demanding to be reviewed among the neighborhood governance priorities.
As a high-priority task in German municipalities, digitalization has attracted significant attention from scholars. However, the majority of research is focused on large municipalities, while some studies focus on digital villages and rural areas. The medium-sized municipality, particularly the smaller medium-sized municipality—a subtype between 20,000 and 50,000 inhabitants—has been mostly ignored by empirical research. Competing perspectives in the literature alternately argue that smaller medium-sized municipalities are in a favorable or unfavorable position for digital transformation based on shorter administrative paths, the purportedly simpler and more agile governance of smaller sizes, economies of scale, and (lacking) capacity. This introductory chapter presents the research design and conceptual foundation required to address this research gap and puzzle. It introduces the questions that guide the study, namely, what characteristics does the governance of digital policy have, which factors influence it, and how does governance influence digital service provision. The chapter explains the mixed-methods design used, introduces key terminology such as digital transformation, digital policy, and governance, and discusses the competing scholarly perspectives on the potentials and limitations of this size.
Our journey’s end chapter returns to the three aims of the book, arguing: (a) has the usefulness of Marx’s dialectical method, concepts and framework for public service problem-solving and strategy-making been established? (b) has Marx’s labour theory of value been shown to be a valid explanation for how value is created, particularly use-value and public-value and (c) are transition routes to socialism, featuring public services as both an end and a means, demonstrated as possible and desirable? Analysing public services as value-forms with value-flows helps justify providing public service use-values as opposed to market-mediated, for-profit exchange-values (the goal of neoliberal privatisers). If democratically planned, this approach also avoids anticipated capitalist crises and the accompanying miseries. New public management is shown to be the management of discontent—spearheading the neoliberal attack on public services when public service expansion is essential to avoid the environmental disasters and immiseration towards which capitalism is heading. The book closes by asking if it is possible to create a new humanity, a new way of relating to each other in which public services play an important role.
Marx focused on the exchange-value of commodities: he was concerned to show that capitalism expropriates surplus-value while being crisis prone. This chapter unpacks the other part of his definition of commodity (use-value) meaning useful wealth solving problems, utilising the gifts of nature, for example housing, transport and education. It shows how individual use-values (UVs) from public services aggregate to form public value (PV), now often the dominant form of value production. UV=PV and can be measured (using objective and subjective metrics) as an alternative to crude and problematic GDP, PV can be created by migrating citizen valueS-2-value. Rejecting the neoliberal argument in public management theory that service users, not providers, create value, the chapter shows through examples how democratic planning can better release the potential of technology and innovations in services than privatisation, supporting Jansson’s (The economics of services—micro-foundations, development and policy. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2013) argument for higher taxation and expansion of HEC.
The aim of this article is to study the impact of the requirements of competition between cities in the era of globalization on attracting private sector capital in urban spaces. In the era of globalization, cities are the center of attention of investors and urban managers to provide various attractions in attracting capital and competing with other cities. However, the lack of coherent theoretical foundations from the process of competition between cities on a macro scale to the actions of city planners and urban managers on a local scale has reduced the competitive power of cities. In this study, using an inferential method, the factors affecting the competition between cities on the actions of city planners and urban managers have been discussed. The results of this study show that in order to attract capital for the realization of urban space projects, the expectations and incentives of urban managers should be taken into account in the design and planning of urban space based on a market-oriented approach.
Different understandings of what culture offers cities are reflected in its governance. Focusing on Sheffield, we apply a conceptual framework to reveal how the varied claims made for culture and associated forms of governance intersect and diverge. The governance gaps revealed generate lessons about how to link hierarchical culture governance with the lived experience of a city’s cultural and creative workers, vital cultural producers who engage in self-governance, whilst asserting city government’s stewardship of these processes in its role of caring for place. By linking culture governance to the everyday, the research refines oppositions – between formal and informal, production and consumption and co-option and contestation – to highlight the need for an active, inclusive form of co-governance that better supports cultural producers, in place.
New forms of forest governance have been established in the Amazon through the participation
of different social actors who interact in action arenas to promote sustainable forest
management. Public funding can be an important driver of the development of a sustainable
forest economy and mitigation of climate change, therefore, monitoring actions is extremely
important. The study in question deals with the forestry governance of the State Forestry
Development Fund (FUNDEFLOR), responsible for managing the state forestry concession
resource in the state of Pará. The fund's premises are to promote forestry-based public policies,
through its lines of development. focused on sustainability. The prevailing model for
implementing the annual actions planned by the fund is through project promotion. Given this,
the study had the general objective; develop a monitoring model for forest-based projects based
on widely accepted good governance principles; transparency, accountability, participation and
coordination to assist FUNDEFLOR in managing forestry concession resources. As for the
methodology, it is a case study of a qualitative, descriptive and documentary nature. The study
concludes that it is important to have a real-time monitoring platform for projects promoted to
converge good governance principles into good forestry governance practices at FUNDEFLOR.
The proposed model presents feasibility for; Transparency and disclosure of data (projects
carried out and other relevant information). Encouraging citizen participation (Channel for
receiving community demands, ombudsman channel) Identification of those responsible for
implementing projects and Sharing strategic actions for interested parties. As suggestions for
future work, studies that identify the rules established for the accountability of actors who carry
out forest-based projects for sustainable development in the Amazon.
Our interactions with others through various relationships, such as communication, influence social dynamics and the values we hold important. These dynamics play a significant role in promoting human dignity in healthy environments. In our previous chapters, we presented coarse and fine-grained social process tools. In this chapter, we delve deeper into two crucial aspects of the social process: interpersonal relationships and communication. You can improve your learning and effectiveness by analyzing and practicing these skills. We will also explore how interpersonal relationships contribute to problem solving and decision-making for human dignity in healthy environments. Overall, this chapter provides tools to help you enhance your interpersonal skills and develop a problem-solving approach that considers the importance of healthy relationships in promoting human dignity. This chapter includes panels written by Dr. Evan J. Andrews and Ms. Andrea Medina.
Securing access to safe drinking water remains a critical challenge, particularly in rural regions. Community participation offers a promising approach to water governance, but its effectiveness varies by context. This article explores the role of community engagement in eight villages from the Jagtial and Jogulamba Gadwal districts, Telangana, India. Based on a field survey of 403 households, members of Panchayats (local governments), government officials and community-based organisations (CBOs), the study analyses various forms of participation, including direct involvement in village and ward council meetings and indirect involvement through CBOs and non-governmental organisations. It assesses the impact of community participation on access to clean water, water provider accountability and water source sustainability. The research argues that community engagement is vital for effective water governance at the grassroots level. However, success hinges on adequate capacity building, resource allocation and sustained support from local authorities and other stakeholders.
Complexity-related ideas were directly referred to in the discussion on the Anthropocene a few years after its origins. Later, after 2010, the number of publications on the Anthropocene and complexity rapidly increased. They cover a great many ideas, beginning from mathematical models and simulation models through various applications of complexity-related analogies and metaphors to qualitative concepts reflecting the complexity of interacting natural and human systems. The aim of this chapter is to identify, systematise and evaluate preliminarily the applications of broadly defined complexity-related ideas in the development of the concept of the Anthropocene and in the Anthropocene-related areas of environmental studies. The chapter can be treated as a preliminary guide enumerating selected issues, providing directions for more profound studies of the links between complexity-related research and the Anthropocene.
In government enterprises, bureaucratic structures frequently pose major obstacles to implementing change. Public entrepreneurship, which has gained attention for revolutionizing the public sector, drives creativity, efficiency, and effectiveness but often overlooks the human element and focuses on economic outcomes. This study integrates Humanistic Management with Public Entrepreneurship (PE) to address complex societal challenges through innovative and ethical public service delivery. Using a theoretical approach, this research develops a conceptual framework that advocates for a humanistic approach, emphasizing stakeholder well-being and promoting an all-inclusive strategy beyond economic gains. By rethinking the moral imperatives guiding organizational operations, humanistic management seeks to address the limitations of the public sector and endorse positive change. Public entrepreneurship emphasizes diverse stakeholder relationships aiming to create positive social change through high-quality public services and innovative solutions to societal issues. Recognizing that value creation is rooted in human knowledge and commitment aimed at enhancing citizens’ quality of life, this study argues that fostering a humane workplace while boosting economic competitiveness will incentivize workers and increase productivity. The study highlights the importance of leadership in fostering humanistic public entrepreneurship to promote innovation, employee well-being, and public trust. While acknowledging criticisms of humanistic management such as those pointing out its idealism, implementation challenges, and potential for reduced competitiveness, the study argues that the long-term benefits of fostering an ethical, dignified, and well-being-oriented work environment contribute to sustainable organizational success and societal well-being.
The EduChild Effective Parenting Series, implemented by the Balanga City Local Government Unit (LGU) in the Philippines, has had a significant impact on children and education in various cities. Over 51, 000 parents have participated in courses that blend theoretical knowledge and practical examples, and 11, 697 parents have completed the EduChild Parenting Series. The program aims to empower parents and families, develop a collaborative and supportive community, and promote holistic child growth. The LGU’s adoption of a humanistic management strategy contributed to the success of the program by involving a high level of formalization and collaboration with stakeholders. This study highlights the importance of a humanistic and personalist approach in public administration, as well as the value of citizen involvement in decision-making processes. It also emphasizes the role of Non-Government Organizations in implementing programs and assessing government efforts. The EduChild Effective Parenting Series serves as an example of how programs that prioritize holistic human improvement can have beneficial consequences for society as a whole. Overall, the program has empowered parents, fostered a collaborative community, and contributed to the construction of a learning city and revitalized society.
A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar a natureza do desenvolvimento que constitui o núcleo do direito humano ao desenvolvimento declarado em 1986, com a reconstrução arqueológica do seu conceito contemporâneo no paralelo entre os estudos da academia e a sua institucionalização em documentos das Nações Unidas. O trabalho estuda a afirmação do desenvolvimento como um direito humano em diversas fontes do direito internacional. Além disso, recupera os momentos mais significativos da emergência do que se poderia denominar de um novo paradigma do desenvolvimento no fim do século XX, com a introdução e ressignificação de “sustentável” e o acréscimo de várias dimensões: ambiental, social, econômica e politica. Por fim, analisa a Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas como ambicioso projeto civilizatório que incorpora essa nova formulação do desenvolvimento para transitar em diversas áreas do conhecimento e ampliar as bases desse direito humano. O estudo aponta, de forma exploratória, para uma marcada alteração recente do conceito do desenvolvimento atualmente denominado de desenvolvimento sustentável pluridimensional e já incorporado na sua essência em instrumentos internacionais das Nações Unidas. A abordagem é qualitativa com o método indutivo, e a técnica de pesquisa é bibliográfica com fontes documentais.
Jan Kooiman (1931-2016): his life and work
The death of Andries Hoogerwerf (1931-2024) prompted us to inquire about the fortunes of one of the other pioneers in the Netherlands of (local) administrative sciences with a background in political science, also born in 1931, Jan Kooiman . There was nothing to be found about this on the Internet. Contact with people who knew him well revealed that he died on January 9, 2016. Jan Kooiman was editor-in-chief of our journal Bestuurswetenschappen (Administrative Sciences) between 1975 and 1992 (until 1990 together with the lawyer Jimmy Polak). Sufficient reason for us to pay attention to his life and work in this editorial. His influence is complementary to that of his contemporary Andries Hoogerwerf. While Hoogerwerf had a lot of influence nationally, Kooiman was particularly influential internationally as one of the founders of governance theory. Between 1975 and 1996 he was professor of Public Administration at the Interuniversity Institute of Business Administration in Delft and professor of Public Management at the Faculty of Business Administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam. His work clearly shows the development from governmental steering to interactive governance.
Privatization encompasses an extraordinary range of activities involving the delivery of physical services, the delivery of social services, and even regulatory enforcement. When deciding whether to privatize, how to privatize, and to whom to privatize, policymakers should keep a number of criteria in mind. This paper specifies such criteria and reviews some of the evidence on privatization's effects. Copyright 1994 by The Policy Studies Organization.