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Trends in College Binge Drinking During a Period of Increased Prevention Efforts
Abstract
The 2001 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study surveyed students at 119 4-year colleges that par-ticipated in the 1993, 1997, and 1999 studies. Responses in the 4 survey years were compared to determine trends in heavy alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, and encounters with college and community prevention efforts. In 2001, approximately 2 in 5 (44.4%) college students reported binge drinking, a rate almost identical to rates in the previous 3 surveys. Very little change in overall binge drinking occurred at the individual college level. The percentages of abstainers and frequent binge drinkers increased, a polarization of drinking behavior first noted in 1997.A sharp rise in frequent binge drinking was noted among students attending all-women's colleges. Other significant changes included increas-es in immoderate drinking and harm among drinkers. More stu-dents lived in substance-free housing and encountered college educational efforts and sanctions resulting from their alcohol use. Key Words: alcohol, alcohol-related problems, binge drinking, college students, secondhand effects of alcohol, prevention
... alcohol and other substance use). 14,15 Injured student-athletes have fewer options to manage their stress due to participation limitations and variable social support. 4,16 Substance abuse, has been identified as a negative coping strategy. ...
... [17][18][19] Misuse of substances by athletes including alcohol, cigarettes, and illicit drugs has been documented in previous studies. 14,15,20 Misuse of substances has been associated with an array of health, social, academic, and performance consequences. 17,18 Acute health consequences of illicit drug and alcohol use include acute toxic effects, such as overdose, and accidental injury and harm; chronic effects from sustained use include dependence, development of chronic diseases, and increased likelihood of developing mental disorders. ...
... 22 During the 1990s, multiple studies were conducted on alcohol, tobacco, and drug use among college students, but peer-reviewed literature has been sparse in the last 20 years among collegiate athletes. 14,15,20 Further, a new delivery mechanism for substance use, the electronic cigarette, has shown increased use among college adults. 23,24 Although electronic cigarettes were originally marketed as a smoking cessation tool, use has increased among nonsmokers despite sparse data on longitudinal health impacts. ...
Background:
Overuse injury is a common stressor experienced by female collegiate athletes and is often underreported. In response, athletes may develop negative coping skills such as substance use. Alternatively, resilience is a modifiable trait that may positively influence response to musculoskeletal injuries and substance use.
Purpose:
To provide an updated epidemiological profile of overuse injury and substance use and examine the relationship between resilience, overuse injury, and substance use among collegiate female athletes.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
Two-hundred and thirty female collegiate athletes were classified into overuse injury and resilience groups. Overuse injury, pain, and substance use incidence proportions (IP) were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis analyses were performed to investigate differences in substance use among resilience groups. Analyses of covariance were performed to evaluate differences in overuse injuries, substantial overuse injuries, and time loss injuries, among resilience groups.
Results:
IP for pain was 45.0% (95% CI: 38.2-51.9); Overuse injury 52.0% (45.1-58.9); Alcohol use 35.1% (28.6-41.6); Electronic cigarette use 19.5% (14.6-24.9); Cigarette use 2.8% (6-5.1); and Drug use 3.3% (0.9-5.8). No significant differences were found between resilience groups for the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC) variables (Pain: p=0.102; Overuse injury: p=0.331; Substantial overuse injury: p=0.084; Not playing: p=0.058), alcohol (p=0.723), or combined substance use (p=0.069).
Conclusions:
Pain and overuse injury prevalence is high among female collegiate athletes. Alcohol followed by electronic cigarette use were the most commonly utilized substances. No significant differences were identified in substance use or overuse injury presentation between resilience groups, though further investigation is warranted.
Level of evidence:
3.
... Nesta fase, é comum as pessoas relatarem que "são fortes", que "é difícil a bebida pegar" ou que "a bebida não derruba facilmente". O risco de desenvolver dependência e de sofrer consequências negativas relacionadas ao álcool eleva-se à medida que a frequência da intoxicação episódica aumenta (Wechsler et al., 2002), especialmente quando há a ocorrência repetida de episódios de intoxicação, denominados binge (Shakeshaft, Bowman, & Sanson-Fisher, 1998;Townshend & Duka, 2002). ...
... um dia, uma ocasião, número de horas) e na frequência com que este tipo de consumo acontece (semanalmente ou mensalmente). Geralmente, episódios de binge são definidos como o consumo consecutivo de cinco ou mais doses de álcool em uma única ocasião (Ham & Hope, 2003;Wechsler et al., 2002). Entre os jovens, observa-se a ampla ocorrência destes episódios, o que torna esta população ainda mais vulnerável aos efeitos deletérios do álcool (Sheffield, Darkes, Del Boca, & Goldman, 2005). ...
... de álcool(Ham & Hope, 2003;Wechsler et al., 2002;Sheffield et al., 2005). A proteção daqueles mais vulneráveis e a disseminação de informações de saúde são essenciais para a prevenção das desastrosas conseqüências decorrentes do uso, abuso e dependência do álcool. ...
... Heavy episodic alcohol use, or binge drinking, has been nationally recognized as a significant public health concern for college students. 1,2 In 2017, approximately one in 10 full-time college students reported heavy drinking and more than one in three full-time college students reported binge drinking at least once in the past 30 days. 3 College student drinking is associated with many negative consequences, including academic difficulties; antisocial behavior; health and psychosocial problems; high-risk sexual behavior; and other risky behavior, such as drinking and driving. ...
... As has been documented, there are significant costs and risks associated with heavy alcohol use in college. 1,2 However, there are also costs associated with implementation of early intervention programs. Departmental funding within Student Wellness covers the cost of this specific program, which totals approximately $65,000 per year to implement. ...
Objective:
We examined the effects of a two-part intervention including an online health risk assessment with personalized feedback and a brief in-person alcohol intervention for high-risk students.
Participants:
Participants were 1,987 sophomore students, with 259 completing the alcohol intervention and 91 completing all follow-up surveys.
Methods:
Students were invited to take an initial online health assessment covering a range of health behaviors and subsequent 3-month follow-up survey. Students who reported high-risk alcohol behaviors on the assessment were invited to participate in two one-on-one sessions utilizing motivational interviewing. Follow-up surveys occurred 3, 6 and 12 months later.
Results:
Students who completed the health risk assessment reported knowledge and behavior changes. Students who completed the in-person alcohol intervention showed significant reductions in alcohol risk behavior 3-, 6- and 12-months post-intervention.
Conclusions:
A two-part intervention for non-mandated students including a health risk assessment and one-on-one intervention shows promise in reducing alcohol risk.
... Binge drinking and intoxication have been linked to other risk behaviours: having sexual relations without protection, multiple or casual partners etc. (Cooper, 2002) or expectations increase and sexual inhibitions are lost (LaBrie et al, 2011), with more cases of sexual abuse on Anglo-Saxon university campuses (White & hingson, 2014); violent behaviour has also been associated, driving vehicles, accidents, health problems, alcohol-induced comas, memory loss and alcohol dependency (Wechsler et al, 2002;White & hingson, 2014). ...
... The data obtained on the prevalence of alcohol consumption in the sample of students living in halls of residence is superior to that obtained in Spanish national surveys (EDADES and ESTuDES). The increased female participation in these behaviours is especially noteworthy, although our results show a lower level of consumption in women than men when compared with other studies (Wechsler et al, 2002) and they show feelings of guilt regarding the excesses and associated problems. ...
Este estudio pretende explorar el consumo de alcohol entre los estudiantes universitarios residentes en colegios mayores en España, partiendo de la experiencia de action research en uno de ellos. En concreto se realiza una dinámica de investigación participativa con dos finalidades: por una parte, generar una actividad preventiva sobre consumo de alcohol desde y para los jóvenes; y por otra se pretende valorar las dificultades y ventajas de esta estrategia de investigación con jóvenes en colegios mayores. Los resultados muestran que la estrategia de disminución de riesgo en el consumo de alcohol teniendo como protagonistas a los jóvenes es la manera más adecuada de plantear intervenciones preventivas sobre el consumo de alcohol. Se ofrecen algunas sugerencias sobre la aplicación de Action Research en el contexto de colegios mayores.
... The majority of emerging adults who enter college increase drinking rates during their early college years, and approximately 79% of all college students drink alcohol (Skidmore et al., 2016). What is more concerning is the number of students (50% in the United States) who engage in heavy or binge drinking, which is associated with various negative consequences (Wechsler, Lee, Kuo, Seibring, Nelson, & Lee, 2002). Binge drinking is typically defined as 5 or more alcoholic drinks for males or 4 or more alcoholic drinks for females on the same occasion (NIAAA, 2018). ...
... Heavy alcohol consumption among college students has been connected to an increased prevalence of academic difficulties, negative social-interpersonal consequences, impaired control, increased engagement in risky behaviors, and most severely, physiological dependence (Baber, 2018;Knee & Neighbors, 2002;Read, Kahler, Strong, & Colder, 2006). These outcomes are of particular concern given that binge drinking directly results in an increased risk of injuries, sexual assault, and death due to alcohol poisoning (Merrill & Carey, 2016;NIAAA, 2018;Wechsler et al., 2002). College students are a unique sample of alcohol users, in that it is often peer normative to engage in heavy alcohol consumption (Kenney, DiGuiseppi, Meisel, Balestrieri, & Barnett, 2018;Skidmore et al., 2016). ...
Background:
College student substance use has been a problem for many years. In particular, heavy alcohol consumption can create issues with academics, social relationships, and overall functioning. Unitary measures of generic alcohol consumption (e.g., drinking frequency) are important predictors of alcohol-related negative consequences, but the small amount of specific-beverage research available suggests that assessing beverage type consumed may enhance prediction.
Objectives:
The purpose of the present study was to expand knowledge of alcoholic beverage preference in relation to negative consequences and confirm the factor structure of the RAPI proposed by Martens et al. ( 2007 ) in a college student sample.
Methods:
In addition, the present study expanded current knowledge by assessing beverage preference type in relation to specific negative consequences on the RAPI.
Results:
Results replicated the three-factor structure originally found by Martens et al. ( 2007 ). Moreover, results found that individuals consuming shots of liquor or alcohol mixed with caffeine reported higher overall RAPI scores and higher scores on the Abuse/Dependence and Personal Consequences factors but not the Social Consequences factor than those consuming mixed drinks, beer, or wine. Conclusions/Importance: This research might inform discussions with incoming college freshman about not only alcohol consumption and negative consequences but the dangers of drinking specific types of alcohol beverages such as shots and/or alcohol mixed with caffeine.
... Again, this finding is contrary to previous literature, which detected no differences in alcohol consumption rates when comparing Black students at a PMI, such as a HBCU, to those at PWIs. Though the rates of binge drinking among Black college students have significantly increased since 1991, Black students are still not drinking at the same rates as White students (Dennhardt & Murphy, 2011;Wechsler et al., 2002). It is worthwhile to note that few studies detected gender differences among Black students at minority-serving institutions, and instead have focused broadly on the experience of Black college students and their overall drinking behaviors (see Boynton, O'Hara, Covault, Scott, & Tennen, 2014;Meilman et al., 1995, for exceptions). ...
... This investigation, unlike previous studies on mental health and substance use of Black college men, simultaneously examined alcohol consumption and mental health among Black male students at PWIs and PMIs. Previous studies have only looked at Black college men's mental health (Spurgeon, 2009;Watkins & Neighbors, 2007), risky health behaviors and alcohol use at PMIs (Boynton et al., 2014;Kapner, 2008;Meilman et al., 1995), or male and female college students' drinking behaviors broadly (Dennhardt & Murphy, 2011;Wechsler et al., 2002). ...
While there is a sizeable body of research examining the association between alcohol use and mental health conditions among college students, there are sparse investigations specifically focusing on these associations among Black college students. This is concerning given Black college students face different stressors compared with their non-Black peers. Black males appear especially at risk, exhibiting increased susceptibility to mental health issues and drinking in greater quantities and more frequently than Black females. This investigation examined the association between alcohol consumption and mental health conditions among Black men attending institutions of higher education in the United States and sought to determine differences between Black men attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs) compared with those attending postsecondary minority institutions. Final sample included 416 Black men, 323 of which attended a PWI. Data were from the National College Health Assessment. Black men attending a PWI reported significantly greater levels of alcohol consumption and significantly more mental health conditions. Attendance at a minority-serving institution was associated with fewer mental health conditions among Black men. Future studies should seek to replicate these findings and conduct culturally sensitive and gender-specific research examining why Black men at PWIs report greater alcohol consumption and more mental health conditions than their peers attending postsecondary minority institutions.
... Students face a myriad of challenges during their transition to university, including developmental changes, which make them particularly vulnerable to substance abuse during this period (Staff et al., 2010;Derefinko et al., 2016). BD and cannabis consumption some of the most influential risk factors (Wechsler et al., 2002;Caldeira et al., 2008;Arria et al., 2015;Subbaraman and Kerr, 2015;Hayaki et al., 2016;Merrill and Carey, 2016;O'Hara et al., 2016;Gómez et al., 2017;Johnson et al., 2017;Meda et al., 2017;Busto Miramontes et al., 2019;Mallett et al., 2019). The national survey on drugs in Spain (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020) reports frequency of BD in the population aged between 14 and 18 years of 32.3%, that almost half of this population are cannabis users (OEDA, 2019). ...
Introduction
The study was based on 2-year follow-up of the effects of binge drinking and cannabis co-consumption on academic performance and adjustment in Spanish Third-Year University Students and to further explore the impact of academic adjustment on this relationship.
Methods
A total of 144 students (aged 19–20 years) enrolled in the third year of university completed the study. The students were recruited during in first academic year (T1) via a survey that included items regarding the use of alcohol (AUDIT-C), cannabis and other drugs and demographic variables. Then, participants meeting the study criteria were then selected and invited by e-mail to a clinical (face-to face) structured interview. The participants completed a calendar of alcohol consumption during the 6 months prior to the interview (Alcohol Timeline Follow back), and recorded cannabis consumption in 3 months prior to the interview. To examine the effects of alcohol and cannabis co-consumption on the outcome variables, we categorized participants into three consumption groups (i.e., control, BD, and BDCA) based on the number of BD days and cannabis unit scores.
Results
Binge drinking and cannabis co-consumption in first-year students was significantly associated with poor academic performance and adjustment after 2 years of undergraduate study. Relative to controls, co-consumers (BDCA) reported significantly lower academic and personal-emotional adjustment to university as well as poorer performance. Mediation analysis showed that academic adjustment explains the mechanism by which BDCAs perform less well, mediating the relationship between co-consumption and academic performance, with an indirect effect representing 64.61% of the total effect. Furthermore, the mediating effect of academic adjustment was maintained after controlling for academic adjustment and baseline grade point average (T1).
Conclusion
This prospective follow-up study helps to further our knowledge of how combined binge drinking and cannabis consumption may affect university adjustment and academic success in Spanish university students Overall, the study results should encourage health professionals, educational psychologists and academic institutions to take ownership of the need for support and involvement in prevention, as well as for provision of guidelines for implementing appropriate intervention strategies.
... Greek Letter Organizations (GLOs) account for a large proportion of college students who engage in binge drinking (Scott-Sheldon et al., 2008;Wechsler et al., 2002). When compared to non-members, GLO members report consuming alcohol more frequently, engaging in higher rates of binge drinking, and experiencing more adverse consequences (Cashin et al., 1998;Scott-Sheldon et al., 2008). ...
College student members of Greek Letter Organizations (GLOs) report high levels of alcohol consumption, which is associated with adverse academic and health consequences. Those who report lower consumption also report counting their drinks, which requires the ability to identify and pour standard servings of alcohol, skills college students generally lack. Behavioral skills training (BST) has been used to teach students to pour standard servings of beer. However, little is known about whether BST is effective when used in a small‐group format or with other alcohol types, and whether skills generalize across time and novel cups. We used a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design to address these gaps. After receiving small group BST, all participants poured beer accurately, most poured accurately at follow‐up, and about half poured accurately into a novel cup. After receiving individual BST, participants' pours of liquor were variable and most required additional training.
... Likewise, pupils with drug abusing behaviors perform poorly on test, project and exams, (Presley, et al., 1996;Presley & Pimentel, 2006;Wechsler, 2002). Similarly, students who abuse medicinal drugs such as amphetamines, morphine and frequently use coffee also show poor academic performance (Boroffka, 1996;Ojikutu, 2010). ...
This study attempts to examine peer group role in drug abuse and academic performance of students. The study sole purpose was to document the role of peer group in Drug Abuse and Academic Performance between student of Abdul Wali Khan University and Engineering and Technology University Mardan. A sample of 375 students was selected from both universities with the help of Ume Sekaran Magic Table. The distribution of the sample among the selected categories of respondents was made through a famous technique of sampling called Sample random sampling (SRS) technique. Close ended structured questionnaire was employed for primary data collection after pretesting. The analysis on collected data was made both at uni-variate and bi-variate levels by applying Chi-Square test to ascertain the association among the independent and dependent variables. The Analysis reveals a significant association between the dependent and independent variables. The study concluded that Drug abusing peers, imitation from peers group, peers group pressure, peer influence on one's decisions and the peers motivation to abuse drugs were the major reasons behind drug abusing among students and has a major impact on their academic performance. In addition the monitoring of children's routine activities by parents is seen helpful and important in prevention of such practices among students. The study recommended that inter-communication and connectedness between children's and parents is required for identifying and resolving issues related to daily life as a result children's inclination towards drug abuse will be minimal. Additionally association with deviant peer groups shall be avoided to refrain from misdemeanors such as drug abuse.
... A korábbi kutatások jelentős része -többek között a nagyivászat tekintetében -elsősorban egy felsőoktatási intézményre fókuszáltak, vagy kényelmi szempontok játszottak szerepet a mintaválaszában, ám intézmények közötti, főként több ország öszszehasonlítására alig akad példa (Wechsler et al. 2002). Ez alól kivételt képez a Steptoe és munkatársai (2002) által végzett longitudinális vizsgálat, melynek keretében 13 országban (közöttük egyetlen közép-európaiként Magyarországon) több mint 20000 hallgató egészség-magatartását vizsgálták 1990-ben és 2000-ben. ...
... response rates in general have been declining over the past few decades, 36,37 highlighting an important challenge in the conduct of all population-based research. ...
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137933/1/hiv-aids_2010.pdf
... Alcohol use during university has long been identified as an issue (Wechsler et al., 2002;Dooley et al., 2020). Irish data shows only 1 in 10 young adults do not drink, 17% reported drinking less than monthly, 29% monthly and 42% weekly (Dooley et al., 2020). ...
Undergraduate university students are at a critical stage of development in terms of their academic, social, psychological and behavioural health. Patterns established during these formative years can last a lifetime. eHealth tools have the potential to be engaging, convenient and accessible to a wide range of students by providing health information and enhancing the uptake of positive health behaviours. The ‘Healthy Trinity Online Tool’ (H-TOT) was developed in collaboration with students and a transdisciplinary team with decades of experience between them in terms of research, clinical responsibility and service delivery. Developmental steps undertaken included: a literature review to formulate the topic content choices; a survey of students to check the relevance and suitability of topics identified; and, the tacit experience of the development team. This co-design model led to the development of content encompassing academic life, healthy eating, physical activity, mood, financial matters, alcohol, tobacco, drugs and relaxation. Qualitative focus groups were subsequently conducted for in-depth exploration of the usage and functionality of H-TOT. The theoretical underpinnings include the locus of control and social cognitive theory. Evidence-based behavioural change techniques are embedded throughout. During early pre-piloting of H-TOT, the team identified and solved content functionality problems. The tone of the content was also revised to ensure it was non-judgemental. To make the H-TOT as interactive as possible, video scenarios were included and all content was audio-recorded to allow playback for students with visual or learning difficulties. Evaluation plans for the pilot year of H-TOT are outlined.
... eating (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), binge-drinking(Wechsler et al., 2002), or otherwise hazardous and problematic behaviors. Additionally, research on the effects of binge-watching points to the negative consequences of excessive TV series use in terms of sleep and well-being(Exelmans & Van den Bulck, 2017;Orosz et al., 2016;Panda & Pandey, 2017;Riddle et al., 2018;Shim & Kim, 2018;Starosta et al., 2019). ...
This study investigates the circumstances under which binge-watching can become a problematic behavior. Applying a user-centered perspective, it demonstrates how different motivations to engage in high-dosage TV series consumption influence the occurrence of problematic viewing habits. A quantitative online survey of N = 415 media users with access to at least one streaming service was conducted. The questionnaire assessed current viewing habits, motivations to watch series, and indicators of problematic viewing habits. The results suggest that frequency of use, motives to engage in high dosage viewing sessions, as well as the combined effect of these two factors help to explain problematic viewing behaviors. Moreover, the results give cause to refrain from a generalizing problematization of binge-watching.
... Additionally, although the present study utilized a rather diverse sample, there was insufficient power to conduct multigroup analyses to examine the association between alcohol use and romantic attachments within specific racial/ethnic minority groups. As research suggests that white students engage in elevated levels of binge drinking and hooking up compared to other ethnic groups (Owen et al., 2010;Wechsler et al., 2002), future research should explore whether the association between relationship/sexual activity type and HED differs across racial/ethnic groups. Further, we excluded those who reported multiple relationship status changes. ...
Objective
The beginning of college is a period in which increased alcohol use often coincides with greater involvement in romantic relationships. Existing literature yields inconsistent findings regarding the influence of relationship types on drinking behavior, perhaps because these studies have not accounted for recent changes in the way college students engage in dating/sexual relationships.
Methods
The present study sought to address this issue using a longitudinal study design by examining the effects of both relationship type and sexual activity on heavy episodic drinking (HED) among 1,847 college students over the course of the first 3 semesters of college.
Results
Results indicated that the effects of relationship type depended on whether an individual was sexually active. Nondating but sexually active students reported rates of HED comparable to students who defined themselves as casual daters. Conversely, nondating students who were not sexually active reported drinking behavior similar to those involved in exclusive relationships. Further, transitions between low‐ and high‐risk relationship/sexual activity types were associated with corresponding changes in HED. Transitioning into a high‐risk relationship was associated with significant increases in levels of HED, whereas transitioning into a low‐risk relationship was associated with significant decreases in HED.
Conclusions
Together, results indicate that engaging in nonexclusive dating or casual sexual relationships may play an important role in the development of problematic patterns of alcohol use during the early college years. These findings have potentially important implications both for future research and for prevention and intervention efforts targeting high‐risk college drinkers.
... More than 400,000 students aged eighteen to twenty-four have unprotected sex after drinking, and about a quarter of those students reported being too intoxicated to know whether they had consented to having sex (DHHS 2013). Drinking also imposes external costs on other students and neighbors through physical and verbal abuse, sexual assault, vandalism, and sleep disturbances (Wechsler et al. 2002;Hingson et al. 2005). ...
Adolescents usually overestimate their peers’ alcohol use, and these misperceptions affect adolescents’ own alcohol-related behaviors. Using a nationally representative dataset of U.S. adolescents in grades seven to twelve, we estimate the effect of misperception about friends’ alcohol use on adolescents’ alcohol consumption behaviors and alcohol-related problems. Overestimation of friends’ alcohol use significantly increases the likelihood of all alcohol consumption behaviors and all alcohol-related problems approximately one year later. The influence of misperceptions of friends’ drinking is significantly larger for male adolescents than for female adolescents in the cases of heavy drinking, vomiting after drinking, and drunk driving.
... 5 6 Notably, BD has become part of young adult culture in many Western countries, and its practice is now widespread among students in higher education. 7 8 The prevalence of BD among university students and those aged 18-24 years old is approximately 30%-40% [9][10][11] and 25%, respectively, and is especially high in France. [12][13][14] BD in young people could be related to work stressors and strengths and limitations of this study ► The study has high power due to the high number of cases clinically diagnosed by a specialised physician. ...
Objective
A retrospective case–control study was conducted to evaluate whether frequent binge drinking between the age of 18 and 25 years was a risk factor for alcohol dependence in adulthood.
Setting
The Department of Addictive Medicine and the Clinical Investigation Center of a university hospital in France.
Participants
Cases were alcohol-dependent patients between 25 and 45 years and diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Consecutive patients referred to the Department of Addictive Medicine of a university hospital between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017 for alcohol dependence were included in the study. Controls were non-alcohol-dependent adults, defined according to an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score of less than 8, and were matched on age and sex with cases. Data on sociodemographics, behaviour and alcohol consumption were retrospectively collected for three life periods: before the age of 18 years; between the age of 18 and 25 years; and between the age of 25 and 45 years. Frequency of binge drinking between 18 and 25 years was categorised as frequent if more than twice a month, occasional if once a month and never if no binge drinking.
Results
166 adults between 25 and 45 years were included: 83 were alcohol-dependent and 83 were non-alcohol-dependent. The mean age was 34.6 years (SD: 5.1). Frequent binge drinking between 18 and 25 years occurred in 75.9% of cases and 41.0% of controls (p<0.0001). After multivariate analysis, frequent binge drinking between 18 and 25 years was a risk factor for alcohol dependence between 25 and 45 years: adjusted OR=2.83, 95% CI 1.10 to 7.25.
Conclusions
Frequent binge drinking between 18 and 25 years appears to be a risk factor for alcohol dependence in adulthood. Prevention measures for binge drinking during preadulthood, especially frequent binge drinking, should be implemented to prevent acute consequences as injury and death and long-term consequences as alcohol dependence.
Trial registration number
NCT03204214 ; Results.
... Among the topics considered, the largest difference in sensitivity was between health and drinking behaviors. Alcohol use is a particularly sensitive topic for college student populations, as alcohol use and abuse on college campuses are salient and controversial topics [59]. Two corresponding questions from each topic were chosen to represent these topics (see Table 1). ...
Conversational agents (CAs) are becoming an increasingly common component in a wide range of information systems. A great deal of research to date has focused on enhancing traits that make CAs more humanlike. However, few studies have examined the influence such traits have on information disclosure. This research builds on self-disclosure, social desirability, and social presence theories to explain how CA anthropomorphism affects disclosure of personally sensitive information. Taken together, these theories suggest that as CAs become more humanlike, the social desirability of user responses will increase. In this study, we use a laboratory experiment to examine the influence of two elements of CA design—conversational relevance and embodiment—on the answers people give in response to sensitive and non-sensitive questions. We compare the responses given to various CAs to those given in a face-to-face interview and an online survey. The results show that for sensitive questions, CAs with better conversational abilities elicit more socially desirable responses from participants, with a less significant effect found for embodiment. These results suggest that for applications where eliciting honest answers to sensitive questions is important, CAs that are “better” in terms of humanlike realism may not be better for eliciting truthful responses to sensitive questions.
... Because of the college student population studied here, it makes sense that alcohol use is a particularly sensitive topic. Particularly among undergraduates, alcohol use and abuse are salient topics [42]. However, binge drinking is much less likely after college [19], so future research on other populations may consider different types of questions may reach the sensitivity required to induce socially desirable responding. ...
... Participant gender, age, weight, ethnicity, living situation (i.e., on-campus or off-campus), employment status, major, grade point average, membership in Greek organizations or on athletic teams were assessed. These items have been shown to be predictive of heavy drinking in past empirical work [34]. ...
Many of the problems associated with alcohol occur after a single drinking event (e.g. drink driving, assault). These acute alcohol problems have a huge global impact and account for a large percentage of unintentional and intentional injuries in the world. Nonetheless, alcohol research and preventive interventions rarely focus on drinking at the event-level since drinking events are complex, dynamic, and methodologically challenging to observe. This exploratory study provides an example of how event-level data may be collected, analyzed, and interpreted. The drinking behavior of twenty undergraduate students enrolled at a large Midwestern public university was observed during a single bar crawl event that is organized by students annually. Alcohol use was monitored with transdermal alcohol devices coupled with ecological momentary assessments and geospatial data. “Small N, Big Data” studies have the potential to advance health behavior theory and to guide real-time interventions. However, such studies generate large amounts of within subject data that can be challenging to analyze and present. This study examined how to visually display event-level data and also explored the relationship between some basic indicators and alcohol consumption.
... A college education remains a key component of women's efforts to overcome social, political, and economic obstacles, however, more and more women are finding their academic achievements seriously disrupted or derailed by the firsthand effects (e.g., lower academic performance, acquiring a sexually transmitted disease, physical injuries, car crashes, alcohol poisoning, etc.) or the secondhand effects (e.g., being a victim of verbal, physical, or sexual assault, etc.) of high-risk alcohol use and other substance abuse. Recent research suggests that approximately 41% of women at coed institutions are engaging in binge drinking, defined as four or more drinks in a row within the last two weeks (Wechsler et al., 2002). At women's colleges, these researchers determined that the number of women engaging in binge drinking increased 36% since 1993 and the percent of women reporting frequent binge drinking (binge drinking three or more times in the past two weeks) doubled 2 (Ibid., 2002). ...
This paper conceptualizes substance abuse as a disease of disconnection, which progressively separates and isolates people from relationships that can help them reduce their risk, promote their recovery, and ensure their health and well-being. Examining women's substance abuse in particular, the author explores how women often use drugs or alcohol in two ways: 1) to facilitate and establish connections with others, such as intimate partners, peers, and social groups and/or 2) to cope with serious relational disruptions, violations, or trauma. In response, the author proposes a relational approach to prevention that emphasizes collaboration and the development of growth-fostering interpersonal, professional, and community relationships—prevention through connection. Using an example from a college setting, this paper describes how everyone can participate in a relational approach to prevention, opening the way to new possibilities and opportunities to reduce high-risk substance use and abuse. This paper will appear as a chapter in an upcoming casebook on Relational-Cultural Theory, edited by Wendy Rosen and Maureen Walker and published by Guilford Press.
... High-risk drinking patterns that persist into young adulthood can result in poorer health and delayed achievement of developmental milestones (Arria et al., 2013a;Oesterle et al., 2004;Schulenberg, O'Malley, Bachman, Wadsworth, & Johnston, 1996). A third category of consequences are "harms to others," including negative effects on individuals other than the drinker, ranging from having one's sleep or studying disrupted by a roommate's drinking to physical or unwanted sexual assault (Abbey, Zawacki, Buck, Clinton, & McAuslan, 2001;Room et al., 2010;Wechsler et al., 2002b). At the community level, alcohol-related consequences include neighborhood vandalism, excessive noise, and decreases in property values (Wechsler, Lee, Hall, Wagenaar, & Lee, 2002a). ...
Excessive drinking among college students is a serious and pervasive public health problem. Although much research attention has focused on developing and evaluating evidence-based practices to address college drinking, adoption has been slow. The Maryland Collaborative to Reduce College Drinking and Related Problems was established in 2012 to bring together a network of institutions of higher education in Maryland to collectively address college drinking by using both individual-level and environmental-level evidence-based approaches. In this article, the authors describe the findings of this multilevel, multicomponent statewide initiative. To date, the Maryland Collaborative has succeeded in providing a forum for colleges to share knowledge and experiences, strengthen existing strategies, and engage in a variety of new activities. Administration of an annual student survey has been useful for guiding interventions as well as evaluating progress toward the Maryland Collaborative’s goal to measurably reduce high-risk drinking and its radiating consequences on student health, safety, and academic performance and on the communities surrounding college campuses. The experiences of the Maryland Collaborative exemplify real-world implementation of evidence-based approaches to reduce this serious public health problem.
... Historically, researchers have documented gender differences in drinking patterns, concluding that men drink more than women (e.g., Borsari & Carey, 2006;Lewis & Neighbors, 2004). However, in the past decade, researchers have pointed to a convergence in the high-risk (HR) drinking rates of college men and women (American College Health Association, 2011; Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, Schulenburg, & Miech, 2014;Piane & Safer, 2008;Wechsler et al., 2002). In fact, in the spring of 2011, a slightly higher percentage of college women than men reported drinking in the past 30 days (American College Health Association, 2011). ...
Because college women's drinking rates now rival men's rates, the authors interviewed college women to ascertain how gender identity affected their drinking choices. Interpretative phenomenological analysis indicated that high-risk drinkers viewed their gender identity differently than did low-risk drinkers. Counseling implications are discussed.
... Such insights are valuable in considering avenues for further research and in providing a nuanced discussion of participants' drinking practices. The sample also self-selected to be interviewed and is therefore a very specific group of young people, drawn from a sample of university students who are also noted as a population who drink more heavily than the general population (Karam et al. 2007;Kypri et al. 2010;Wechsler et al. 2002). This could affect the data, skewing towards heavier drinkers' stories. ...
The drinking practices of New Zealanders have been the subject of much concern, culminating in a report by the New Zealand Law Commission in 2010 which presented evidence-based recommendations for implementing effective alcohol policies in New Zealand. Within debates about alcohol consumption and drinking practices, New Zealand University students have been identified as a group of young people who drink more heavily than their peers, as well as suffering from more alcohol related harms.
The following discussion focuses on a group of eight university students, aged 18–19, some who were non- or light-drinkers, and their reflections on the cultures of intoxication that they negotiate, as well as their experiences of peer pressure. The aim of this article is to discuss the drinking and abstinence prac- tices of this group of New Zealand university students to explore how they interact with or resist contemporary cultures of intoxication in the particular context of university life. Eight qualitative, semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed and the themes: cultures of intoxication, peer pressure and inexperienced ‘drinking disasters’ are discussed. This paper critically ex- plores these key themes and discusses the New Zealand context in relation to the international literature about student drinking cultures (Hernandez, Leotini and Harley 2013; Romo 2012; Supski, Lindsay and Tanner 2016), including young people who are light or non-drinkers (Conroy and de Visser 2014; Nairn, Higgins, Thompson, Anderson and Fu 2007; Fry 2010; Herring, Bayley and Hurcombe 2014). The interviews identified an overarching New Zealand culture of intoxication, as well as more local cultures of intoxication, which students bring with them to a university setting.
... Excessive alcohol consumption by college students is a well-documented problem (Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, Schulenberg, & Miech, 2016;Straus & Bacon, 1953). Collegiate drinking is associated with negative consequences, including unsafe sexual practices, driving after drinking, damaging property, unintentional injuries, and death (Hingson, Zha, & Weitzman, 2009;Wechsler et al., 2002). Further, nearly 20% of college students meet past-year criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD; Dawson, Grant, Stinson, & Chou, 2004;Slutske, 2005). ...
Research indicates 10% of college student drinkers report deliberately training to increase alcohol tolerance (a diagnostic criterion for alcohol use disorder) to avoid passing out early or to keep up with peers. Given that tolerance training may be considered a harm reduction technique designed to reduce acute aversive consequences, we examined the associations between tolerance training and the use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) more generally. A cross-sectional survey of 1080 lifetime drinkers was conducted at a large Midwestern university. Of this sample, 5.6% (n = 60) reported training to increase their tolerance. Drinkers who endorsed having trained to increase tolerance reported notably more alcohol-related problems than those who reported never training (Madj = 51.80 versus Madj = 39.30; p < 0.0001). Further, participants who endorsed tolerance training reported utilizing significantly fewer PBS (e.g., avoid drinking games) on the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale (PBSS, Martens et al., 2005) than participants who had never trained (Madj = 16.89 versus Madj = 18.90; p < 0.01). An exception was that drinkers who trained to avoid passing out early used significantly more PBS (e.g., using a designated driver, knowing where your drink is at all times). Despite this, these trainers consumed more alcohol and experienced more alcohol-related harms. The present findings support previous research demonstrating that trainers consume more alcohol than non-trainers, and provide further evidence that deliberately training to increase tolerance is indicative of problematic drinking behavior. Prevention efforts might aim to inform drinkers of the problems associated with deliberately inducing alcohol tolerance, and focus on developing alternative strategies for minimizing acute harm from drinking.
... Die College Alcohol Study wurde zwischenzeitlich dreimal wiederholt (1997,1999,2001). Längsschnittanalysen zeigen, dass die Rate niedrigfrequenter und abstinenter College-Studierender zugenommen hat, die Rate an "binge drinkern" aber stabil geblieben ist über die Zeit (44,4%) ohne relevante regionale Unterschiede ( Wechsler et al., 2002). Die in diesem Kontext aufgeworfenen Fragen lauten Sind die präventiven Maßnahmen wirkungslos oder ist der Effekt nur noch nicht sichtbar? ...
In der Arbeit wird ein Konzept für eine Gesundheitsberichterstattung an Hochschulen für Studierende entwickelt und evaluiert. Gesundheit wird darin im Sinne der Weltgesundheitsorganisation als Abwesenheit von Krankheit/Beschwerden bei gleichzeitigem psychischem, physischem und sozialem Wohlbefinden verstanden, dass durch personale, situationale und organisatorische Merkmale (Anforderungen und Ressourcen) beeinflusst wird. Entsprechende Wirkmodelle (Stressoren-Ressourcen-Modelle) werden diskutiert und auf das Studium bezogen. Darüber hinaus wird das Gesundheitsverhalten Studierender (Ernährung, Bewegung, Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum) beschrieben. 594 Erstsemester beteiligten sich an einer postalischen Befragung. Das Instrument bündelte Fragen zur Gesundheit, zu personalen Ressourcen, zu Anforderungen und Ressourcen im Studium, zu gesundheitsbezogenen Verhaltensweisen sowie zu biografischen Merkmalen. Die Wirkbeziehungen zwischen Anforderungen und Ressourcen im Studium wurden mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellen und hierarchischen Regressionsanalysen geprüft, das Gesundheitsverhalten deskriptiv beschrieben und mit Ergebnissen bevölkerungsrepräsentativer, altersgleicher Studien kontrastiert. Das mit den Annahmen des „Anforderungs-Ressourcen Modell“ zu Gesundheit im Studium formulierte Strukturgleichungsmodell erweist sich als mit den Daten vereinbar. Ressourcen im Studium schützen vor negativen Einflüssen von Stressoren und fördern darüber hinaus die Gesundheit von Studierenden direkt. Das Gesundheitsverhalten Studierender erweist sich im Vergleich zu altersgleichen Referenzgruppen als risikoärmer, die Daten weisen jedoch auf Interventionspotenziale in den Bereichen Ernährung, Bewegung und Alkoholkonsum hin. Hochschulen wären gut daran beraten, ihre Studienstrukturen weiterzuentwickeln mit Blick auf den Ausbau und Erhalt an Ressourcen sowie dem Abbau von Belastungen ihrer Studierenden. Eine periodische Gesundheitsberichterstattung bei Studierenden könnte dazu beitragen, Fehlentwicklungen frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu beseitigen.
... Frequently consuming excessive alcohol and/or drinking to drunkenness (i.e., heavy drinking) are ubiquitous among college students. 1,2 The college context appears to promote heavy drinking as college students drink more, both in frequency and amount, than their non-college-attending peers. 3 The high prevalence of alcoholrelated consequences, ranging from minor problems (e.g., feeling hungover and missing class) to more serious consequences (e.g., unintentional injuries, unintended sexual behavior, sexual and physical assault, and mental health concerns), demonstrate the real costs heavy drinking has for college students. ...
Background:
The current study tested the associations between college students' intentions to hookup (i.e., specifically intending to go out and engage in sexual behavior with a non-romantic partner) and self-reported heavy drinking. Further, social and sexual enhancement drinking motives were tested as moderators of those associations.
Methods:
College students (N = 238) reported a) if they had specifically intended to hookup (reported separately for non-intercourse and intercourse hookup intentions) in the past 6-months, b) social and sexual enhancement drinking expectancies, and c) heavy drinking (a composite of past 30-day drinking frequency, typical amount consumed per drinking occasion, and how many time they got drunk). Data were analyzed using a hierarchical multiple regression (HMR), controlling for demographic variables.
Results:
Non-intercourse hookup intentions were positively associated with heavy drinking but intercourse hookup intentions were not. Sexual but not social enhancement drinking expectancies moderated the associations between both types of hookup intentions and heavy drinking. Among those who had intended a non-intercourse hookup, heavy drinking was greater when they also reported high (+1 SD) sexual enhancement drinking motives. For intercourse hookup intentions, higher (+1 SD) sexual enhancement drinking motives were associated with less heavy drinking.
Conclusions:
Pursuing non-intercourse hookups appears to be associated with heavy drinking, but intercourse hookup intention is not. Sexual enhancement drinking expectancies moderated those associations. Thus, an interest in some types of casual sexual experiences may promote heavy drinking among college students.
... Specifically, sex, race, age, and place of residence all served as covariates for this investigation. These variables, in particular, were chosen since (a) males drink in greater quantities and experience more alcohol-related consequences than their female peers (O'Malley & Johnston, 2002;Wechsler et al., 2002); (b) younger students are more likely to report HED (Borsari, Murphy, Barnett, 2007;Wechsler, Kuo, Lee, & Dowdall, 2000;White, Kraus, & Swartzwelder, 2006); (c) White college students drink in greater amounts than other racial and ethnic groups O'Malley & Johnston, 2002;Prendergast, 1994); and (d) students living on-campus exhibit higher rates of HED (Dawson, Grant, Stinson, & Chou, 2004;Harford, Wechsler, & Muthen, 2002). ...
Little research examines protective behavioral strategies (PBS) use among college high-risk drinking sub-groups. A secondary data analysis of the 2011 National College Health Assessment (n = 18,483 drinkers [13% Greek]) revealed fraternity and sorority members used PBS significantly (p < 0.001) less and reported significantly (p < 0.001) more alcohol-related consequences than non-Greeks. PBS use (β = –0.31) made the strongest contribution in explaining alcohol-related consequences (i.e., less frequent PBS use resulted in more consequences).
... Although there is a limited amount of research exploring the relationship between event-specific drinking and second-hand harm (i.e., individuals who are drinking causing harm to others), research from university campuses demonstrates that second-hand effects of alcohol are widespread (Langley et al., 2003). Wechsler et al. (2002) reported that over half of university students have experienced two or more second-hand harms, such as being hit, pushed, or being disrupted by others' alcohol use . Similarly, Hingson, Heeren, Zakocs, Kopstein, and Wechsler (2002) reported that in 1999 alone, ~600,000 university students in the United States had been injured and ~70,000 were victims of sexual assault because of others' drinking. ...
We often look at alcohol use as an average; simplifying data down to how many drinks an individual consumes during a typical week or month. Although an average is a good starting point, it provides little information on the way(s) individuals drink. For example, an average of 14 drinks per week may reflect an individual having a couple of drinks each day of the week or 14 drinks every Friday night. Indeed, weekly averages can make it look like we drink like Dr. Jekyll while disguising our Mr. Hyde. One factor known to bring out our Hyde is an event. In fact, events are associated with both an increase in alcohol use and alcohol-related harm. Although the majority of research on events has been conducted in university students (e.g., Orientation Week, 21st birthdays), recent research suggest that event specific drinking is not just a student phenomenon. In this chapter we will explore a number of events associated with excessive drinking and outline the harm experienced during these events. In addition, we discuss approaches our group and others have used to reduce event specific drinking in a student population.
Introduction
We examined whether the Dualistic Model of Passion (DMP; i.e., obsessive passion [OP] and harmonious passion [HP]) for cannabis use was prospectively associated with cannabis use and use-related outcomes, and with academic performance, relationship attachment style, and social connectedness among college students. We also explored whether the DMP was associated with outcomes when included in a model using established constructs (e.g., coping motives, refusal self-efficacy, cannabis use disorder [CUD] symptoms) as predictors of cannabis use and outcomes.
Methods
Using a longitudinal cohort design (baseline, 5-month, 10-month [timepoints chosen to better correspond to 9-month academic year]), 513 undergraduate students from two universities who reported using cannabis at least four times in the past month completed a baseline survey (308 meeting criteria for CUD). We used Generalized Estimating Equations to assess longitudinal associations between OP/HP and cannabis use and academic/social outcomes at 5-month and 10-month.
Results
At baseline, participants were young adults (Mean age = 20.57, SD = 2.51), 78.8% non-Hispanic, 83.8% White, 55.0% female, and 72.3% heterosexual. Greater HP was not associated with greater past month cannabis use or cannabis-related problems. Greater OP was associated with greater past month cannabis use and more cannabis-related problems. There were no significant passion by time interactions. Greater HP was associated with more anxious attachment. OP was associated with less social connection.
Conclusion
This research suggests that the DMP provides novel information about factors associated with cannabis use and use-related consequences, which can aid in our understanding of cannabis use, misuse, and CUD among college students.
Introdução: O consumo excessivo de Bebida Alcoólica (BA) é um sério problema de saúde que está associado ao desalinhamento do sono, da função cardiovascular e aumento da mortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar relação entre BA e Qualidade do Sono (QS) com o risco cardiovascular em jovens saudáveis. Métodos: Recorte transversal da pesquisa “Binge Drinking and Cardiovascular Health in Young Adults” da Universidade de Illinois de Chicago. Recrutados 48 sujeitos que, após avaliação clínica, foram estratificados conforme o consumo de álcool em 03 grupos: “Bebedores Abstinentes” (AB; n=11); “Bebedores Moderados” (BM; n=17); “Bebedores Compulsivos” (BC; n=18). QS foi avaliada pelo Questionário de Pittsburgh e classificada em Boa ou Ruim. O risco cardiovascular foi avaliado pela Velocidade da Onda de Pulso (VOP) e Pressão de Pulso Central (PPcentral) por tonometria de aplanação e um transdutor de alta fidelidade de tensão de calibre. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da correlação de Spearman e considerado significativo p<0,05. Resultados: A PPcentral foi mais elevada no BC, comparado ao BM (33,0±5,3 vs 28,9±3,5, p=0,034), a VOP apresentou tendência a elevação em BC (5,1±0,5) e BM (5,1±0,6) comparado aos AB (4,6±0,5). QS (escore total e componentes) foi semelhante entre os grupos. Apenas sujeitos com QS Ruim: BC (n=11) apresentaram maior PPcentral comparado ao BM (n=10) (34,5±5,8 vs 29,2±3,9, p=0,046). BA correlacionou-se com os distúrbios do sono (r=0,310, p=0,036) e com a PPcentral (r=0,336, p=0,012). Conclusão: Jovens adultos BC apresentam mais elevada PPcentral e tendem a maior rigidez arterial pela VOP. Distúrbios do sono e PPcentral estão relacionados ao consumo de BA.
Institutions of higher educational are the most important environments in which students, families, educators and community members have opportunities to learn, teach, and grow. However, one of the most problems that face the IHE's is the incidents of students' behavior. The objective of this study is to decrease the incidents of students' behavior by identifying the factors which cause the incidents in college campuses.
CRISP-DM Methodology has been applied to manage the process of data mining, four data mining techniques: J48 Decision Tree (DT), Naïve Bayesian (NB), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) have been used to build the classification models and to generate rules to classify and predict the student's behavior and the location of incident in college campuses which will take into consideration seven factors: Student Academic Major, Student Level, Gender, GPA Cumulative, Local Address, Student Ethnicity, and time of incident by month.
Finally, all techniques were evaluated and compared. However, based on the evaluation and comparison it was found that the results of the accuracy were high for all the classification models; Multinomial Logistic Regression gave the highest accuracy, second was J48 Decision Tree algorithm, third was Artificial Neural Network, and lastly was Naïve Bayesian Classifier.
Theoretically, religion/spirituality may protect against alcohol problems or facilitate recovery. However, challenges can arise in religious/spiritual life that may contribute to or complicate alcohol problems. Emerging adults often experience difficult transitions from family environments to independent membership in academic communities straddling the legal drinking age boundary. Among underage undergraduates, we hypothesized that religious/spiritual struggles predict more alcohol problems independently of distress and religiousness, and religiousness independently predicts fewer alcohol problems. Our survey of two U.S. universities (total N = 2525) supported these hypotheses. Structural equation models revealed positive correlations between alcohol problems and all six religious/spiritual struggles (divine, demonic, interpersonal, moral, ultimate meaning, doubt), but only moral struggle predicted alcohol problems moderately and independently of religiousness, distress, gender, and non/white ethnicity. Evidence also emerged for negative correlations between religious/spiritual struggles and drinking as it varies independently of alcohol problems. We recommend that alcoholism counselors address clients’ religious/spiritual struggles.
While athletic success may improve the visibility of a university to prospective students and thereby benefit the school, it may also increase risky behavior in the current student body. Using the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study, we find that a school's participation in the NCAA Basketball Tournament is associated with a 47% increase in binge drinking by male students at that school. Additionally, we find evidence that drunk driving increases by 5% among all students during the tournament. (JEL I12, I23, Z28)
Objective
To help readers around the world comprehensively understand the development of the journal and evolution of cooperation study, we employed a bibliometrics analysis for the Journal of American College Health.
Methods
One-thousand-one-hundred-forty-three articles published in this journal from 1994 were analyzed using the bibliometrics and visualization software CiteSpace.
Results
The annual number of published articles and cited studies increased. The published studies by RP Keeling and H Wechsler were at the forefront. “College student” and “alcohol” were prevalent keywords. University of Wisconsin and Harvard University were the institutional leaders of contributions.
Conclusions
This journal provides an important platform for sharing research achievements and promoting cooperation in this field. The level of articles published is continually improving. A research cooperative network promoted by famous scholars and institutions is developing. However, cross-regional and international cooperation is relatively limited.
The aim of our study is to ascertain which socio-economic, societal and individual factors influence the health risk behaviour (smoking, binge drinking and substance abuse) of Hungarian students in Central and Eastern European countries. We used a database at the Center for Higher Education Research and Development (CHERD-H) for the analyses, including the higher education institutions in the border regions of five countries (Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania and Serbia) (IESA 2015, N=2,017). Our results show that although the regions concerned share similar historical and cultural traditions, there are different factors influencing the health behaviour of students in the countries involved. According to our results, with the exception of Serbia, health risk behaviour is more characteristic of male students than of women. Subjective financial situation only plays an important role in health risk behaviour among students in Hungary. The social-partying leisure activities constitute a risk factor in almost all the regions under examination. Running and reading as recreational leisure activities represent a protective factor in Hungary against substance use, as well as sport among students in Subcarpathia (Ukraine). Knowing the meaning of life is a strong protective factor for students in the Partium and Transylvania (Romania). The different dimension of individual trust has an inconsistent effect in the different countries.
Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is a major health problem for young adults. Rates of HED have remained consistently high among young adults for the past two decades. Though research has identified various intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental contributors to HED, the majority of research focuses on intrapersonal factors. As such, more research is needed to test the role that specific interpersonal relationships play in perpetuating HED. This study tests the partner influence hypothesis that suggests partners in romantic relationships influence one another's HED over time. A sample of 208 young, nonmarried, heterosexual dating couples completed HED measures at baseline and again 28 days later. Actor-partner interdependence modeling revealed significant actor effects, demonstrating stability in HED within each partner over time. Results also showed significant partner effects where HED in both young men and women in dating relationships positively influenced their partners' future HED over a relatively short time frame. Patterns in the results suggest both women and men are more affected by their own than by their partner's prior level of HED. Nonetheless, small partner effects were present for both women and men. Results support the partner influence hypothesis and suggest HED is a self-propagating behavior sustained, in part, by a pattern of interpersonal influence. These results highlight the importance of considering both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors when implementing prevention and intervention programs for young adults' HED.
Objective:
This study examined differences in substance use, depression, and academic functioning among ADHD and non-ADHD college students.
Participants:
Included 1,748 students (ages 18-25; women 68.4%; Caucasian 71.3%) with and without history of ADHD.
Methods:
We assessed the relationship of ADHD to substance use variables, controlling for depressive symptoms and examined relationships with GPA.
Results:
ADHD students were more likely to have engaged in frequent alcohol use, binge drinking, regular marijuana use and to have used other drugs in the last year. They reported higher depression symptoms than non-ADHD students, although substance abuse risk remained high even when controlling for depressive symptoms. ADHD students had lower overall GPA than those without ADHD. However, this difference was no longer significant when controlling for depression and marijuana use.
Conclusions:
College campuses should consider programing aimed at identifying ADHD students at risk for developing substance abuse problems and emotional difficulties.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and moderators of E-Interventions versus assessment only (AO) controls in the reduction of alcoholic drinks per week (DWP) in university students.
Study design and methods: Cochrane library, CINAEL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2017. Studies were included if they were: an RCT, assessed the effectiveness of E-Interventions at reducing DWP, and employed university/college students. 23 studies (N = 7,614) were included and quality was assessed using the JADAD scale.
Results: Weighted mean effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. These showed a small, significant effect of E-Interventions at reducing the number of alcoholic DWP. Moderator analysis found a significant advantage for web-based personalised feedback interventions compared to other E-Interventions.
Conclusions: E-Interventions show a small, significant effect at reducing mean alcoholic DPW. Personalised feedback E-Interventions showed the strongest effect.
Previous research has shown that depression is an important predictor for suicidal ideation and that depression, addictive behaviors, and suicidal ideations are highly associated with each other. However, no studies have specifically investigated the role of addictive behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, gambling) as moderators on the association between depression and suicidal ideation among Korean college students. This study examined (1) the association between depression and suicidal ideation using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and five selected items from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), and (2) the moderating roles of alcohol use and problem gambling using Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). We collected data from full-time students (n = 870) enrolled at 14 universities throughout South Korea using a self-reported paper-pencil survey conducted on college campuses. More than half of the total sample (52.3%, n = 450) reported either alcohol use or gambling, and findings revealed that depression, alcohol use, and gambling are associated with suicidal ideation. We found a significant moderating effect of alcohol use on the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation (ß = .151, p < .001); whereas, gambling had no significant moderating effect on the relationship (ß = .054, p < .276). The influence of depression on suicidal ideation was greater for Korean college students who used high levels of alcohol compared to those who used low levels of alcohol. The results suggest that alcohol use is an important modifiable factor for suicidal ideation especially in students with depression, and provide a foundation for future research aimed at understanding complex and nuanced mechanisms linking depression, addictive behaviors, and suicidal ideation.
We investigated whether presenting anti-binge drinking health campaign messages in different message framing and evidence types influences college students’ intention to avoid binge drinking, based on prospect theory (PT) and exemplification theory. A 2 (message framing: loss-framed message/gain-framed message) X 2 (evidence type: statistical/narrative) between-subjects factorial design with a control group was conducted with 156 college students. College students who were exposed to the loss-framed message condition exhibited a higher level of intention to avoid binge drinking in the near future than those who did not see any messages (the control group). This finding was mainly among non-binge drinkers. Regardless of evidence type, those who were exposed to the messages exhibited a higher level of intention to avoid binge drinking than those in the control group. This is also mainly among non-binge drinkers. We also found the main effects of message framing and evidence type on attitude toward the message and the main effect of message framing on attitude toward drinking.
Background:
Deviant and health risk behaviors among young-adults are associated with many adverse outcomes.
Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate a broad variety of behaviors by gender differences and their contribution to predicting cannabis use in undergraduate students.
Method:
This research is based on a structured, self-reported anonymous questionnaire distributed to 1,432 young adult undergraduate students at an Israeli University, 533 males and 899 females (mean age 27.4; SD 6.01).
Results:
The findings demonstrate a significant proportion of sampled young adults reported to be involved in deviant and health risk behaviors and that all risky behaviors were more frequently significant in males than in females. Among drivers 72% reported speeding, 60% reported failure to keep distance, 44% reported being involved at a car accident as a driver, 40% reported not stopping at a stop sign, and quarter reported driving after drinking alcohol. These findings also expand how certain risk behaviors contribute to predicting cannabis use.
Conclusions:
The relatively high prevalence of some of these risky behaviors among normative young adults suggests that risky behaviors are considered as normative behavior for this group, especially among man, and therefore, policymakers need to consider prevention and harm reduction interventions relevant to this risk group.
This study examined college students' responses to emotional anti-alcohol abuse media messages (i.e., fear vs. humor appeal) aimed at discouraging heavy/binge drinking. An experiment was conducted with 94 college students. As expected, college students generally expressed higher levels of interest in anti-alcohol abuse media messages when watching fear appeal than those watching humor appeal. However, college binge drinkers who watched the fear appeal reported lower levels of readiness to change their drinking behavior than those who watched the humor appeal. This pattern was the opposite among college nonbinge drinkers, in that college nonbinge drinkers were more likely to say they would change their drinking behaviors when exposed to fear appeal than those who were exposed to humor appeal or those who did not watch any media messages. Conventional fear appeal to scare college binge drinkers seems ineffective and even counterproductive while humor appeal, if well designed, could offer alternative ways to communicate with college binge drinkers.
Despite evidence regarding the salience of team-related antecedents of student-athlete drinking, less research has focused on the role coaches play in managing their athletes’ alcohol consumption. We examined the influence of athletes’ perceptions of coach attitudes and behaviors about athlete alcohol use on athlete alcohol use. Collegiate female softball athletes (N = 897) from 63 NCAA teams were surveyed during the competitive season. A measure to assess athletes’ evaluations of head coach attitudes and behaviors toward athlete drinking was developed by generating a pool of items based on the student-athlete alcohol use literature and interviews with six NCAA coaches, and subsequently examining its factor structure. An exploratory factor analysis indicated three factors: Concerned Communication, Conditional Leniency, and Enforcement. Athlete alcohol consumption was measured, including frequency of use and heavy episodic drinking. Multilevel modeling results revealed that higher concerned communication and lower conditional leniency were associated with less athlete alcohol use. Enforcement was unrelated to alcohol use. Findings demonstrate the impact of coaches on athletes’ alcohol use. Commensurate education and training should be provided for coaches to prevent and manage athlete alcohol consumption.
In response to the pervasive problem of sexual victimization on campus, many colleges in the United States have adopted bystander intervention programs which seek to educate students and provide them with the tools necessary to intervene in potentially risky situations. Research shows that how potential bystanders construct potential victims and perpetrators of campus victimization significantly impacts their progression to intervention. As an extension of Pugh, Ningard, Vander Ven and Butler’s (Deviant Behavior, 2016) work on victim ambiguity, the present study drew from intensive interviews of 30 undergraduates from a large university in the American Midwest to examine how students construct perpetrators in situations that hold the potential for sexual assault. Findings suggest that common stereotypes about alcohol, sexual assault, and risk guided bystander constructions of potential perpetrators of sexual assault in the drinking scene, which influenced their self-reported intervention likelihood. Respondents referred to strangers, the transient type (i.e., those who suspiciously leave a party scene with a woman), “druggers,” “creepers,” and other social indicators when discussing typical predators and the informal strategies for recognizing them in the drinking scene. Program implications are discussed.
Objective:
There has been ample research on college student risks and consequences related to 21st Birthday Drinking. To date, no studies we are aware of have examined how 21st birthday drinking impacts subsequent drinking and related consequences. This study evaluates the effect of a single night of drinking on peak drinking, heavy drinking, and negative consequences over 12months following the event. Furthermore, we examine if typical drinking behavior prior to 21st birthday moderates the relationship between the event drinking and subsequent use.
Method:
Participants included 599 college students (46% male) who intended to consume at least five/four drinks (men/women respectively) on their 21st birthday. Screening and baseline assessments were completed approximately four weeks before turning 21. A follow-up assessment was completed approximately one week after students' birthdays and every 3months for one year thereafter.
Results:
Those who drank more on their 21st birthday, also reported higher peak consumption, increased likelihood of consequences, and increased number of consequences throughout the year. Additionally, baseline peak drinking moderated the relationship such that those who drank less at peak occasion prior to turning 21 showed the strongest effects of 21st BD drinking on subsequent consumption.
Conclusions:
21st BD drinking could impact subsequent choices and problems related to alcohol. Interventions are warranted and implications discussed.
This research aimed to study the perceptions of students at the University of Malta towards promiscuity and casual sex. Since there are variations of willingness in engagement of uncommitted sex, Casual sex was defined as ‘sociosexuality’ a term coined by Kinsey (1948). On the same premise a quantitative approach has been adopted, using the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory Test; invented by Simpson and Gangsted (1991) and revised by Penke (2008). The questionnaire asked about past behaviour, particularly about number of partners within the last 12 months, and obtained attitudes by rating whether sex without love is ok, and finally gathered information about sexual desire by rating frequency of sexual fantasies. Participants were assembled randomly through convenience sampling. A link to the online questionnaire was sent through registrar; gathering a sample of 251 participants (182 females). The results were analysed through SPSS. Through this research, insight about the attitudes regarding uncommitted sex of University of Malta students have been obtained. Results show that even if males have a higher sexual desire and more open attitude towards casual sex, there is no difference with regards to behaviour. On the other hand, those aged 19 – 23 score higher on attitude and behaviour than their older and/or younger counterparts. Finally, bisexuals and pansexuals seem to have a higher sexual desire and permissive attitudes towards casual sex but there is no significance in behaviour.
The validity of alcohol abusers' self-reports of the number of days associated with alcohol-related incarcerations and hospitalizations was investigated using a recently developed time-line follow-back interviewing technique. It was felt that duration data (number of days per occurrence) would be more sensitve than incidence data (number of occurrences) to certain types of invalidity. Results indicated that the majority of both residential and outpatient subjects provided relatively accurate self-reports of the number of days they had been incarcerated during the 360 days preceding their entry into treatment. Discrepancies most frequently resulted from subjects overreporting days incarcerated as compared with official records.
This study examined the relationship of volume of alcohol consumed to the occurrence of alcohol-related problems among male and female college students to develop a gender-specific measure of heavy episodic or binge drinking by college students for public health research. A self-administered survey was mailed to a national representative sample of students at 140 4-year colleges in 40 states and the District of Columbia. A total of 17,592 college students completed the survey. Women who typically drink four drinks in a row were found to have roughly the same likelihood of experiencing drinking-related problems as men who typically drink five drinks in a row. Use of the same standard for both sexes underestimates binge drinking and the negative health risks for women.
This study examines the individual correlates of college student binge drinking.
Questionnaires were completed by a representative national sample (n = 17,592) of students on 140 campuses in 1993. Binge drinking was defined as five or more drinks per episode for men and as four or more drinks per episode for women.
Overall, 44% of the students (50% of the men and 39% of the women) binged. While demographic factors such as sex and race were significantly related to binge drinking, prior binging in high school was crucial, suggesting that for many students, binge drinking begins before college. The strongest predictors of college binge drinking were residence in a fraternity or sorority, adoption of a party-centered life-style, and engagement in other risky behaviors.
Interventions must be targeted at high school binge drinking as well as at several characteristics of college life--most notably fraternity residence. Legal drinking age fails to predict binge drinking, raising questions about the effectiveness of the legal minimum drinking age of 21 in college alcohol policies.
In 1999, the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study resurveyed colleges that participated in the 1993 and 1997 surveys. Responses to mail questionnaires from more than 14,000 students at 119 nationally representative 4-year colleges in 39 states were compared with responses received in 1997 and 1993. Two of 5 students (44%) were binge drinkers in 1999, the same rate as in 1993. However, both abstention and frequent binge-drinking rates increased significantly. In 1999, 19% were abstainers, and 23% were frequent binge drinkers. As before, binge drinkers, and particularly frequent binge drinkers, were more likely than other students to experience alcohol-related problems. At colleges with high binge-drinking rates, students who did not binge drink continued to be at higher risk of encountering the second-hand effects of others' heavy drinking. The continuing high level of binge drinking is discussed in the context of the heightened attention and increased actions at colleges. Although it may take more time for interventions to take effect, the actions college health providers have undertaken thus far may not be a sufficient response.
High-risk alcohol consumption patterns, such as binge drinking and drinking before driving, and underage drinking may be linked to traffic crashes and violent assaults in community settings.
To determine the effect of community-based environmental interventions in reducing the rate of high-risk drinking and alcohol-related motor vehicle injuries and assaults.
A longitudinal multiple time series of 3 matched intervention communities (northern California, southern California, and South Carolina) conducted from April 1992 to December 1996. Outcomes were assessed by 120 general population telephone surveys per month of randomly selected individuals in the intervention and comparison sites, traffic data on motor vehicle crashes, and emergency department surveys in 1 intervention-comparison pair and 1 additional intervention site.
Mobilize the community; encourage responsible beverage service; reduce underage drinking by limiting access to alcohol; increase local enforcement of drinking and driving laws; and limit access to alcohol by using zoning.
Self-reported alcohol consumption and driving after drinking; rates of alcohol-related crashes and assault injuries observed in emergency departments and admitted to hospitals.
Population surveys revealed that the self-reported amount of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion declined 6% from 1.37 to 1. 29 drinks. Self-reported rate of "having had too much to drink" declined 49% from 0.43 to 0.22 times per 6-month period. Self-reported driving when "over the legal limit" was 51% lower (0. 77 vs 0.38 times) per 6-month period in the intervention communities relative to the comparison communities. Traffic data revealed that, in the intervention vs comparison communities, nighttime injury crashes declined by 10% and crashes in which the driver had been drinking declined by 6%. Assault injuries observed in emergency departments declined by 43% in the intervention communities vs the comparison communities, and all hospitalized assault injuries declined by 2%.
A coordinated, comprehensive, community-based intervention can reduce high-risk alcohol consumption and alcohol-related injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes and assaults. JAMA. 2000;284:2341-2347.
This study examined the relationship between neighborhood social structure, alcohol outlet densities and violent crime in Camden, New Jersey.
Data pertaining to neighborhood social structure, violent crime and alcohol density were collected for 98 block groups, and analyzed using bivariate, multivariate and spatial analyses.
Each type of analysis showed that those areas with high alcohol outlet densities experienced more violent crime than low-density areas, after controlling for neighborhood social structure. In the multivariate regression analysis, alcohol outlet densities explained close to one fifth of the variability in violent crime rates across block groups--more than any one of the neighborhood structural variables included in the analysis. These findings were replicated in the spatial analysis, which also showed that alcohol outlet densities contributed significantly to violent crime within target block groups but not in adjacent block groups.
High alcohol outlet density is associated with high rates of violent crime in this urban community. Spatial analysis suggests that alcohol outlets elevate the rate of violent crime within the immediate neighborhood context, not in surrounding neighborhoods.
This article reviews comprehensive community interventions that sought to reduce (1) cardiovascular disease risks; (2) smoking; (3) alcohol use disorders, alcohol-related injury and illicit drug use; or (4) sexual risk taking that could lead to HIV infection, sexually transmitted disease and pregnancy.
Comprehensive community programs typically involve multiple city government agencies as well as private citizens and organizations and use multiple intervention strategies such as school-based and public education programs, media advocacy, community organizing, environmental policy changes and heightened enforcement of existing policies. This review focused on English-language papers published over the past several decades.
Some programs in each of the four problem areas achieved their behavioral and health goals. The most consistent benefits were found in programs targeting behaviors with immediate health consequences such as alcohol misuse or sexual risk taking. Results were less consistent when consequences of targeted behaviors were more distant in time such as cardiovascular risks and smoking. Also, programs that targeted youth to prevent them from starting new health-compromising behaviors tended to be more successful than programs aimed at modifying preexisting habits among adults. Programs that combined environmental and institutional policy change with theory-based education programs were the most likely to be successful. Finally, programs tailored to local conditions by the communities themselves tended to achieve more behavior change than programs imported from the outside.
Comprehensive community intervention approaches may have considerable potential to reduce college-age drinking problems, especially given the success of these programs in reducing alcohol-related problems and in preventing health-compromising behaviors among youth.
To estimate the prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence among U.S. college students, and to identify characteristics associated with these diagnoses.
More than 14,000 students at 119 4-year U.S. colleges completed a questionnaire that included items corresponding to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence. Frequencies were computed, and correlations used to identify demographic, drinking and other variables associated with these diagnoses.
31% percent of students endorsed criteria for an alcohol abuse diagnosis and 6% for a dependence diagnosis in the past 12 months. More than two of every five students reported at least one symptom of abuse or dependence. Students who were heavy episodic drinkers were more likely than those who were not to have an alcohol disorder. Students who were frequent heavy episodic drinkers had 13 times greater odds for abuse and 19 times greater odds for dependence. One of every five heavy episodic drinkers was classified with dependence. Few reported seeking treatment since coming to college. Students from heavy drinking college environments were more likely to have abuse and dependence diagnoses.
Many college students report behaviors and symptoms that meet the diagnostic standard for alcohol abuse or dependence. In addition to strengthening prevention programs, colleges should implement new strategies for screening and early identification of high risk student drinkers and ensure that treatment is readily available for those with alcohol disorders.
This report, the 18th in a series begun in 1964, provides a set of projections for most key education statistics. The report includes tables, charts, and narratives about data on enrollment, teachers, graduates, and expenditures for the past 15 years and projections for the next 10 years. The report is divided into three parts: (1) Projections and Analyses; (2) Projection Methodology; and (3) Technical Appendixes, which include: (1) supplementary tables; (2) tables of statistical confidence limits for selected projections; (3) a discussion of data sources; and (4) a glossary. (SI)
Recently, there has been increased attention to the validity of self-reported alcohol use. Yet, much of the literature appears to be inappropriately seeking the definitive answer to a relative question, e.g. are self-reports of alcohol use valid?. The literature on the validity of self-reported alcohol use was reviewed with a primary focus on concurrent criterion-oriented validity. Validity studies using collateral reports, diaries, official records, different interviewing methods, laboratory tests and multiple measures were assessed. It is concluded that research on the validity of self-reported alcohol use should emphasize the interactions of the respondent, the interviewer, the information being obtained and the context of the interview to determine under which conditions valid responses can be maximized. Further, research on validity should focus on specific processes involved in providing accurate responses. Emphasis should be placed on developing a range of strategies and determining their appropriateness for obtaining more accurate reports from specific populations.
This article discusses extensions of generalized linear models for the analysis of longitudinal data. Two approaches are considered: subject-specific (SS) models in which heterogeneity in regression parameters is explicitly modelled; and population-averaged (PA) models in which the aggregate response for the population is the focus. We use a generalized estimating equation approach to fit both classes of models for discrete and continuous outcomes. When the subject-specific parameters are assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution, simple relationships between the PA and SS parameters are available. The methods are illustrated with an analysis of data on mother's smoking and children's respiratory disease.
To examine the extent of binge drinking by college students and the ensuing health and behavioral problems that binge drinkers create for themselves and others on their campus.
Self-administered survey mailed to a national representative sample of US 4-year college students.
One hundred forty US 4-year colleges in 1993.
A total of 17,592 college students.
Self-reports of drinking behavior, alcohol-related health problems, and other problems.
Almost half (44%) of college students responding to the survey were binge drinkers, including almost one fifth (19%) of the students who were frequent binge drinkers. Frequent binge drinkers are more likely to experience serious health and other consequences of their drinking behavior than other students. Almost half (47%) of the frequent binge drinkers experienced five or more different drinking-related problems, including injuries and engaging in unplanned sex, since the beginning of the school year. Most binge drinkers do not consider themselves to be problem drinkers and have not sought treatment for an alcohol problem. Binge drinkers create problems for classmates who are not binge drinkers. Students who are not binge drinkers at schools with higher binge rates were more likely than students at schools with lower binge rates to experience problems such as being pushed, hit, or assaulted or experiencing an unwanted sexual advance.
Binge drinking is widespread on college campuses. Programs aimed at reducing this problem should focus on frequent binge drinkers, refer them to treatment or educational programs, and emphasize the harm they cause for students who are not binge drinkers.
College student survey data were examined to assess the impact of campus levels of heavy episodic drinking on nonheavy episodic drinking college students.
Analyses are based on a survey mailed to a random sample of college students at 140 American colleges. A total of 17,592 students (69%) at participating colleges responded. The study defined "heavy" drinking as the consumption of five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more for women, and divided schools into approximately equal categories: lower drinking level schools where 35% or fewer students were heavy drinkers; midlevel schools (36-50% heavy drinkers); and high drinking level schools where over 50% of the students were heavy drinkers.
Residing on campus at high drinking level schools adversely affected students who were not engaging in heavy drinking. The odds of experiencing at least one problem from other students' drinking was 3.6 to 1 when nonheavy drinking students at high drinking level schools were compared to nonheavy drinking students at lower drinking level schools. Examples of such secondary heavy drinking effects included being hit or assaulted, having one's property damaged or experiencing an unwanted sexual advance.
College alcohol prevention efforts should include a focus on the needs of students who are not engaging in heavy drinking yet may be adversely impacted by other students' heavy drinking.
Underage alcohol use is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in adolescents and young adults. This study examined drinking levels and ensuing problems among college students and factors associated with binge drinking.
The Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study conducted a self-administered survey. The participants include a random sample of 7061 students aged <21 years (defined as underage drinkers), and 4989 between ages 21 and 23 in 1997 at 116 nationally representative 4-year colleges in 39 states. The outcomes of the study include self-reports of alcohol use, binge drinking (defined as five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more for women at least once in a 2-week period), alcohol-related problems, preferred type of drink, access to alcohol, and price paid per drink.
Underage students drink less often but have more drinks per occasion, are more likely to drink in private settings (off-campus, dormitory, and fraternity parties), and pay less per drink than do of-age students. Correlates of underage binge drinking include residence in a fraternity or sorority (odds ratio [OR]=6.2), very easy access to alcohol (OR=3.3), obtaining drinks at lower prices (OR=2.1, for under $1 each or a set fee for unlimited drinks), and drinking beer (OR=9.5).
Effective controls on price, access, and fraternity and off-campus parties, and reinforcing minimum drinking age laws are needed to reduce the high levels of binge drinking and related health and behavioral problems of underage students.
This study examines alcohol use, associated problems and secondhand effects among residents of substance-free and alcohol-free housing on U.S. college campuses.
In the spring of 1999, a nationally representative sample of students completed survey questionnaires regarding alcohol use and related behaviors. The responses of 2,555 (61.25% female) students living in different types of residences (substance-free, alcohol-free and unrestricted) at the 52 campuses at which these housing options existed were compared.
Substance-free residences were not substance-free; however, residents drank less heavily and experienced fewer alcohol-related problems and secondhand effects than students living in unrestricted housing. They were less likely (three fifths) to engage in heavy episodic drinking. The difference between students in substance-free and unrestricted housing was greatest for students who had not been heavy episodic drinkers in high school and for those on campuses with lower overall levels of heavy episodic drinking. In contrast, students who lived in alcohol-free halls were no less likely to be heavily involved in alcohol use than were students in unrestricted housing.
Residence in substance-free housing was associated with lower likelihood of heavy episodic drinking in college for students who were not heavy episodic drinkers in high school. Whether or not this is a causal relationship or a result of self-selection needs to be examined in a prospective study. These living arrangements are also associated with lower levels of secondhand effects. College administrators may want to consider offering or increasing their substance-free housing options as one possible method of decreasing heavy student drinking.
We analyzed the relationship between alcohol availability and injury that occurred during the 6 months before survey administration.
The data examined were from a general population survey administered to 13,440 California respondents as part of a community-based project to reduce alcohol-involved injury and death. Two separate analyses were performed. The first considered individual local outlet densities (which included both on-premise establishments such as bars and restaurants and off-premise establishments such as liquor and grocery stores) as they affect individual phone survey respondents' self-reported injuries. To address potential spatially autocorrelated errors and geographically lagged effects, a second analysis considered aggregate outlet densities within geographic areas as they affect the proportion of survey respondents who reported injury. No spatial autocorrelation or significant lagged effects were found, which supported our individual-level analyses.
Our analyses indicated an association between both on-premise and off-premise individual-level outlet densities and self-reported injuries.
Alcohol availability seems to be related to self-reported injury. The mechanisms behind this relationship, however, are not clear, and further study is indicated.
The use of the term binge drinking and the 5/4 measure have helped to advance the understanding of college alcohol use over the past 10 years. The present article discusses the importance, relevance, and utility of this measure.
The study was designed to assess current trends in studying, and emerging approaches to furthering understanding of, college drinking.
A literature review was conducted of findings and methods highlighting conceptual and methodological issues that need to be addressed.
Most studies address clinical, developmental and psychological variables and are conducted at single points in time on single campuses. Factors affecting college alcohol use and methods of studying them are discussed.
Most current studies of college drinking do not address the influence of the college and its alcohol environment. Our understanding of college drinking can be improved by expanding the scope of issues studied and choosing appropriate research designs.
This is a study of the secondhand effects of student alcohol use experienced by residents of neighborhoods near college campuses. We examined the relationship of a college's level of binge drinking and the number of alcohol outlets in the immediate area, to lowered quality of neighborhood life through such secondhand effects. Adults from 4661 households in the United States were interviewed through a stratified list-assisted random digit dialing telephone survey. The interview schedule included questions about residents' experiences of secondhand effects of alcohol use such as noise, vandalism or public disturbances. Reports about the quality of neighborhood life provided by respondents residing near colleges were compared with those of respondents who did not live near colleges; and reports of neighbors of colleges with high rates of binge drinking were compared with those of neighbors of colleges with lower rates. The presence of alcohol outlets in these areas was also compared. Residents near colleges and particularly near colleges with heavy episodic drinking reported the presence of more alcohol outlets within a mile. Those neighborhoods were characterized by lower socioeconomic status. Neighbors living near college campuses were more likely to report a lowered quality of neighborhood life through such secondhand effects of heavy alcohol use as noise and disturbances, vandalism, drunkenness, vomiting and urination. A path analysis indicated that the number of nearby alcohol outlets was an important factor mediating the relationship between colleges, especially those with high rates of binge drinking, and such secondhand effects. The results suggest that neighborhood disruptions around colleges due to heavy alcohol use may be reduced by limiting the presence of alcohol outlets in those areas, and the marketing practices that this engenders.
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