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The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy
... As Hirsch et al. mentioned, proverbs are short, pithy sayings that reflect the accumulated wisdom, prejudices, and superstitions of the human race. [3] Now, it may be argued that most of the proverbs which are in circulation in our society are misogynous in nature as they express innately chauvinistic ideas of sexual stereotypes. Common proverbs such as "A woman's tongue wags like a lamb's tail," "Diamonds are a girl's best friend," "A woman's place is in the home," "A bad wife is poor harvest for sixty years," and "Beware of a bad woman and put no trust in a good one" are still uttered widely in different cultures of the world even in the twenty first century. ...
... (pp. [3][4] There is no doubt about the fact that in the twenty first century, when women across the world are expressing their discomfit with the excessive use of sexist language in nearly all types of social dealings, almost no detailed or systematic studies have been done on the issue of sexism in the Assamese language in a state like Assam. ...
... As a term coined by Hirsch, "Cultural literacy" refers to the ability to understand and participate fluently in a given culture. The culturally literate person, according to Hirsch, is able to talk to and understand others of that culture with fluency, while the culturally illiterate person fails to understand culturally conditioned allusions, references to past events, idiomatic expressions, jokes, names, places, etc. Hirsch et al. [3] states: ...
Today, issues related to gender and sexism in language have received unprecedented critical attention, because the language used to represent women in our society is typically gendered. A woman often faces different nuances of gender stereotyping to which one is exposed since one’s childhood—at home, in the locality, in schools and in the day-to-day social exchanges. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore the emotional, domestic, cultural and social territories as well as the personal spaces of women and discuss how in our society, the politics of language influences our perceptions about women. This paper is based on an area specific research conducted on the sexist proverbial expressions on women by the Assamese speaking people of the Barpeta district of the state of Assam, India. The research is based on locally available secondary sources. Proverbial expressions treating women negatively are only used as part of the research. The important finding of the research is that the embodiment of sexism in the proverbial expressions in Assam often assign an inferior status to women and that, from local to global, biasness against women is still widespread despite rising awareness about the politics of language in a homosocial world.
... States of America in the second half of the 20 th century. It reflects on which knowledge citizens require to successfully navigate the challenges and opportunities of multilingual and multicultural societies (Hirsch 1991;Cummins and Sayers 1997;C. A. Bowers 1974). ...
The concept of illiteracy occupies a peculiar place in the scholarship on cultural literacy and is mainly understood as the absence or lack of literacy. While this factual absence of language
skills is well documented and researched, theoretical reflections on the manifestation of new forms of illiteracy in people previously considered literate are largely lacking. In this introductory chapter, I read the mechanisms and manifestation of new illiteracy in regard to state-of-the-art illiteracy research.
... The knowledge given in it will help communicants, who communicate in their native English language better understand each other. But E. Hirsch also notes that due to cultural literacy, perception and understanding of explicit and implicit information, the context and meaning of intercultural communication are possible: "True literacy has always opened doors -not just to deep knowledge and economic success, but also to other people and other cultures" [11,12]. ...
Questions of achieving effectiveness of intercultural communication, its linguistic and cultural-anthropologicalaspects are considered. Various factors influence the success of communication: communicative intentions, goals andrelationships of communicants, their social status, education, culture, level of knowledge about an object, etc. Theproblem of achieving successful intercultural communication is interdisciplinary. A person is considered as the ownerof a special cognitive system, which is an interconnected thinking, consciousness, speech and he processes and storesinformation. The extraction of information from memory occurs in verbal form. Language is a cognitive-communicativesystem, but context, degree of awareness of interlocutors, and their background knowledge are important for communication. Linguistic and cultural barriers of intercultural communication are considered, as well as the place of machinetranslation in communication.
... Каким образом и в какой форме возможно такое знакомство? В свое время американский ученый Э. Хирш разработал основы теории культурной грамотности [13]. Ученый, как и многие американские социологи и культурологи, отмечал существенное снижение общего культурного уровня американцев и пытался найти способ этот уровень сохранить. ...
В статье обосновывается положение о том, что классическое для методики преподавания иностранных языков и теории межкультурной коммуникации понятие фоновые знания необходимо уточнить, углубив наши представления о том, какого типа информация должна входить в его состав. На основе практического опыта преподавания русского языка как иностранного и теоретических изысканий автор делает следующий вывод: на успешность обучения иностранному языку и на взаимопонимание представителей разных культур не менее важное влияние, чем собственно знания, оказывают в той или иной степени скрытые компоненты культуры: этические нормы, специфика социальных ролей, а также те неощутимые, неосязаемые аксиологические ориентиры и аффективные реакции, которые также определяют коммуникативное поведение и также являются национально обусловленными. Методический вывод, который можно из этого сделать заключается в том, что формирование лингвокультурологической компетенции предполагает не только усвоение инофоном культурно маркированной информации, заключенной в языковых и речевых структурах, но и обращение к системе представлений о мире, свойственных русскому сознанию, знакомство изучающих русский язык с концептами культуры и картиной мира носителей русского языка. Следующая из этого положения и актуальная для методики преподавания русского языка как иностранного практическая реализация возможна в форме описания своего рода культурного минимума для иностранцев, изучающих русский язык, литературу и культуру. Единицами такого минимума могут стать отобранные в учебных целях константы русской культуры и художественные концепты разного типа: смысловые, аффективные, аксиологемы.
The article substantiates the position that the concept of background knowledge, classical for the methodology of teaching foreign languages and the theory of intercultural communication, needs to be clarified. Based on the practical experience of teaching Russian as a foreign language and theoretical research, the author draws the following conclusion. The success of teaching a foreign language and the mutual understanding of representatives of different cultures is influenced by hidden components of culture: ethical norms, the specifics of social roles, and also those intangible, intangible axiological landmarks and affective reactions that do not determine communicative behavior and are also nationally conditioned. The methodological conclusion that can be drawn from this is that the formation of linguoculturological competence involves not only the assimilation of culturally marked information contained in linguistic and speech structures by a foreign phone, but also an appeal to the system of ideas about the world inherent in the Russian consciousness, acquaintance of students of the Russian language with concepts of culture and the picture of the world of native speakers of the Russian language. The practical implementation following from this provision is possible in the form of a description of a kind of cultural minimum for foreigners studying the Russian language, literature and culture. The units of such a minimum can be the constants of Russian culture selected for educational purposes and artistic concepts of various types: semantic, affective, axilogemes.
... -Multiculturalism -the view that the various cultures in a society merit, equal respect and scholarly interest. It became a significant force in American society in the 1970s and 1980s as African-Americans, Latinos, and other ethnic groups explored their own history [4]. ...
... It represents personal moral norms about the treatment of non-human entities and the broader environment . This value orientation is heavily rooted in the individual's concern for the welfare of the biosphere and embodies their understanding of the interconnectedness of life on Earth (Hirsch et al., 2002). According to De Groot and Steg (2008), biospheric value uniquely explains environmental beliefs and intentions. ...
Purpose
Through a theoretical lens of psychological ownership, this study aims to investigate how technology mindfulness may stimulate metaverse tourism users’ feelings of individual psychological ownership, aesthetic value and conversational value, which in turn fosters intention to engage in prosocial behaviors.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used a scenario-based survey that allowed U.S.-based participants to create their own avatars and imagine using their avatars to explore heritage sites in the metaverse. Structural equality modeling was applied for data analysis.
Findings
The results from 357 valid responses indicate that technology mindfulness arouses tourists’ individual psychological ownership, aesthetic value, conversational value and prosocial behavioral intentions. The moderating role of biospheric value orientation on willingness to donate and intention to volunteer is investigated.
Research limitations/implications
The research sheds light on the significance of technology mindfulness, conversational value and psychological ownership perspectives in the metaverse, which have been previously overlooked. The authors used a scenario-based survey for mental stimulation due to current metaverse technology limitations.
Practical implications
The study is one of the first to explore the possibility of encouraging prosocial behaviors using metaverse-facilitated technology. The research offers guidelines to engage hospitality and tourism customers in the metaverse that can blend their virtual experiences into the real world.
Originality/value
This study represents one of the pioneering efforts to gain an in-depth understanding of the application of metaverse in triggering prosocial behavior toward heritage sites, explained via a technology mindfulness-driven model with a psychological ownership perspective.
... This sequence of the transfer of genetic information from DNA to protein is known as 'The Central Dogma of molecular biology. In the most straightforward way, we can define genes as the basic unit of heredity and a specific sequence of nitrogenous bases, i.e. (Adenine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine) and C (Cytosine) in DNA that encodes the production of either RNA or protein [2]. The basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits is the transmission of different forms of genes or alleles to the next generation. ...
The discipline of molecular biology primarily delineates by unravelling the interactions between deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and proteins and their connections to various metabolic activities of the cell. The knowledge of molecular biology is essential to understand the mechanisms by which information in the genes translates into functional proteins in a highly coordinated and regulated manner in prokaryotic, eukaryotic and multicellular organisms. Several techniques have been developed to study these biomolecules and their regulations, which are getting increasingly popular amongst researchers of genetics and other closely associated fields. In this chapter, we have discussed the basic concept of genes and the central dogma of molecular biology. Various molecular biological tools that are used to study cellular biomolecules, including DNA, RNA and proteins have been reviewed in the later part of the chapter. We have also given a brief account of different DNA sequencing methods and their importance in understanding the functions of genes.
... Culture has not been ignored in lexicographical practice, but nor has it been standardised. Many dictionaries which include "culture" in the title, such as The new dictionary of cultural literacy (NDCL) (Hirsch et al. 2002) focus on visible culture-especially on people, places, and events-and do not capture the behavioural implications of having this knowledge. The function of such dictionaries is primarily to fill in the "prior text" of visible Culture for users. ...
For language learners, the transition from classroom to immersion is an exhausting and difficult one. Not least because of how language is used differently “in the real world” to how it is taught in classrooms. There are many “insider” dictionaries of language but few dictionaries which take a closer look at the important words and explain them in ways that learners can understand. Natural semantic metalanguage (NSM)’s way of defining culturally important terms and combining them with cultural scripts gives us an opportunity to go beyond the standard realm of definitions and explore the possibilities of what I am calling “cultural dictionaries”. This paper will discuss the current opening in learner lexicography to include emic cultural information. It will then discuss how NSM can contribute to such lexicographical practice. Finally, drawing on the first NSM-based cultural dictionary project—the Australian Dictionary of Invisible Culture for Teachers—it provides reflections, advice, and recommendations for future cultural dictionary projects.
... Proverbs are common in all languages and cultures of the world (Katz, 1999). They are figurative expressions that recall shared beliefs, values, and wisdom of a society (Hirsch, Kett, & Trefil, 1988;Mieder, 1993;Ridout & Witting, 1967). To be more precise, proverbs stand for a kind of figurative language that is frequently opaquer than a metaphor, selecting only one possible interpretation by which they can be processed in a conversational context (Morsanyi and Stamenković, 2021); thus, essentially, proverbs differ from metaphors from the fact that the connection among their literal and figurative is indirect, opaque or non-existent (Vulchanova et al, 2019). ...
The ability to comprehend and produce figurative language is a classical topic of investigation in psycholinguistics. In particular, figurative language seems to be a significant challenge for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders such as dyslexia. The aim of this article is twofold: providing an overview of the literature regarding metaphor comprehension in adults with dyslexia; secondly, I sketch out a possible experimental design to test proverbs understating in developmental dyslexia as a further experimental direction for figurative language analysis.
... En esta línea, también cabe preguntarse, si el disfrute artístico es una cuestión puramente subjetiva dependiente del gusto. La máxima De gustibus non est dispuntandum (Hirsch, 2002) en este caso, concedería una enorme libertad al sentido e interpretación de la obra artística, de hecho, el mundo contemporáneo generó un conjunto de rupturas en las prácticas artísticas que I S S N : 1 6 4 6 -8 8 4 8 | 138 | transformaron la comprensión y vivencia del propio arte. De esta forma, se dio una turbulenta integración de nuevas formas artísticas, situadas en el mismo plano de las consagradas "Bellas Artes", lo que desencadenó intensos debates críticos, reiterados hasta nuestros días. ...
Neste artigo, os autores ensaiam uma reconceptualização da atividade pedagógica, estabelecendo distância crítica face à visão tecnicista e performativa que está implícita em muitos dos processos de avaliação da sua qualidade. Neste sentido, denunciam o vácuo ontológico que invalida a perspetiva construtivista da ação educativa e buscam um nexo da educação com o domínio artístico para compreender as potencialidades criativas da arte e o seu impacto na formação dos indivíduos, excluindo o fundamentalismo da mensuração que nutre a miséria simbólica e abre caminho para a robotização do humano.
... Regarding the iceberg theory, Hirsch et al. (1991) have explained that because the large part of the iceberg is submerged in sea, it presents an apt trope for a subject whose important aspects are hidden from public view. Hemingway, journalist/short-story writer, developed such comparison to the level of literary theory, through the narrative style in his fiction style. ...
This is the first academic book length publication on the Big Brother brandinNigeria. Big Brother Naija is the Nigerian version of the Big Brother franchise created by John de Mol Jr., and aired for the first timein the Netherlands in 1999. It has since been adopted in over 54 countries of the world including Nigeria. The Nigerian version started as Big Brother Nigeria in 2006 after the cancellation of the Big Brother Africa show. After an 11-year break, the reality TV show returned in 2017 and was renamed Big Brother Naija as part of a rebranding outlook with a name “Naija” which is a mass informal designation for “Nigeria” that resonates well with Nigerians across all levels, including those in the Diaspora. Since its premiere, BB Naija has featured over hundred housemates and produced six winners. Given the popular attitude of and to the show, it has received series of backlash and criticisms from various quarters. Giving it a scholarly attention, as this book does, first calls for categorising it for ease of study. Hence, the editors located the show within the class of human production called popular culture.
... Regarding the iceberg theory, Hirsch et al. (1991) have explained that because the large part of the iceberg is submerged in sea, it presents an apt trope for a subject whose important aspects are hidden from public view. Hemingway, journalist/short-story writer, developed such comparison to the level of literary theory, through the narrative style in his fiction style. ...
Beyond its contested ethical and appraised entertainment values, Big Brother Naija Reality TV Show offers insight into the cohesive function of law and its potential for sustaining relatively peaceful social relations. This chapter casts a critical glance on the potential of the show as a reinforcement of the necessity of (rule of) law, (referred to as the ‘Big Other’ or symbolic authority in psychoanalysis), especially in present-day Nigeria where, in practice, precarity, arbitrariness, and vulnerability characterize social interaction and citizenship. This is largely consequent on a latent decline in the disposition of subjects to defer satisfaction, and accede to the binding function in sociality. The founding of the show on rules, judgment, and sanction, its recognition and reward of compliance and industry, and the various instances of manifestation of human excesses often checked by the house rules demonstrate the sustainability of social relation through the instrumentality of the law. The data for this study were gathered through personal observations of the show, video clips on YouTube, and comments on Twitter. Following psychoanalytic and legal paradigms, the chapter finds that the show exemplifies and reiterates the need for law in human subjectivity as a constraining mechanism on individual and institutional behavior. Hence, Big Brother Naija TV show subtly communicates the necessity of the rule of law and symbolic authority in a society.
... Kültürel Okuryazarlık : Bireyin hem kendi kültürünü hem de diğer kültürlerin değer yargılarını, gelenek ve inançlarını anlama yeteneğidir. Birey toplum içerisinde yaşadığından içerisinde bulunduğu toplumun yapısını anlayabilmeli, sosyal etkileşimi ve insanların birbirleri ile olan iletişim örüntülerini anlatabilmek amacıyla gerekli olan çabayı sarf etmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır(Hirsch, Kett ve Trefil, 2002).Sağlık Okuryazarlığı : Bireyin sağlık konusunda bilgiye ulaşması, anlaması, analiz etmesi ve ulaştığı bu bilgileri sağlık ile ilgili kararlarında kullanabilmesi için gerekli olan sosyal ve bilişsel beceriler olarak tanımlanmaktadır ...
Eğitim-öğretim süreci içerisinde öğrencilerin ve öğretmenlerin en çok kullandığı, ihtiyaç halinde hemen ulaşabildiği ve materyaller içerisinde güvendiği görsel araçlardan biri ders kitaplarıdır. Bu bakımdan ders kitapları öğrencilere ve öğretmenlere yol gösterecek, öğrencilere bazı bilgi ve beceriler kazandırarak onları günlük hayata hazırlayacak ve görsel tasarım açısından tüm bireylere hitap edecek niteliklere sahip olmalıdır. Bu özelliklere sahip bir ders kitabı başta güdüleyici olması yanında, öğrencilerin başarısını artırması, derse yönelik tutumlarını olumlu yönde etkilemesi ve görsel okuryazar bireyler olarak yetişmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Ders kitaplarının tüm bu olumlu etkileri ortaya çıkarabilmesi için görsel tasarımın temel öge ve ilkeleri açısından uygunluğunun detaylı bir biçimde ele alınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılı içerisinde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'nın tüm ortaokul öğrencilerine dağıtmış olduğu 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarının görsel tasarım ilkeleri açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Belirlenen bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ortaokul Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarının görsel tasarım ilkelerine uygunluğunun belirlenmesi amacıyla Alpan (2004) tarafından geliştirilen "Ders Kitaplarına Yönelik Görsel Tasarım İlkelerine İlişkin Uzman Değerlendirme Formu" kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ders kitaplarının değerlendirilmesinde, araştırmacı ve Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi alanında uzman iki bağımsız araştırmacıdan veriler elde edilerek uzman görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada ders kitaplarının değerlendirilmesinden sonra uzmanlar arasındaki ölçüm güvenirliğini saptamak için Uyuşum yüzdesi ve Cohen kappa değeri hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplamalar sonucunda Cohen kappa değeri .66 olarak belirlenirken uyuşum yüzdesi %81,24 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler, nitel araştırma ve doküman incelemede kullanılan betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak çalışmada bulgular, frekans ve yüzdelerle ifade edilerek tablo ve grafiklerle ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında, Ortaokul Fen Bilimleri ders kitapları görsel tasarım ilkelerine uygunluğu açısından incelendiğinde en iyi hazırlanan ders kitabı 5. sınıf seviyesine ait iken bu sınıf seviyesini sırasıyla 7 ve 8. sınıf Fen Bilimleri ders kitapları takip etmektedir. Ders kitapları içerisinde görsel tasarım ilkelerine en az uyulan sınıf seviyesi ise 6. sınıf Fen Bilimleri ders kitabı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada kitapların genel durumuna bakıldığında tüm sınıf seviyelerinde 48 görsel tasarım ilkesinin yarıdan çoğuna uygun olarak hazırlandığı bulunmuştur. Buradan yola çıkarak ders kitaplarının görsel tasarım ilkeleri açısından uygun olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Fakat ders kitaplarının görsel tasarım ilkeleri açısından hala eksik noktalarının bulunduğu ve iyileştirmelerin yapılması gerektiği sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen diğer bir sonuç ise Ortaokul Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarının görsel tasarımı sınıf seviyesi artıkça öğrencilerin yaşları göz önünde bulundurularak tasarlanmadığı, tüm bunlara ek olarak ortaokul Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarının ortak bir tasarım altında hazırlanmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Her sınıf seviyesine ait Fen Bilimleri ders kitapları kendi içerisinde görsel tasarım ilkeleri açısından uygun bulunmuştur. Fakat tüm sınıf seviyelerine ait ortaokul ders kitaplarının bir bütün olarak ortak bir tasarım altında hazırlanmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Tüm sınıf seviyelerine ait Fen Bilimleri ders kitapları 48 ilke açısından tek tek tartışılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda gelecek uygulamalara ve ilerideki araştırmacılara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda ders kitaplarının içerisinde yer alan görsel ögelerin niteliğinin artırılması ve öğrencilerin görsel okuryazarlıklarını geliştirmeye yönelik iyileştirmelerin yapılması gerektiği önerilmektedir.
... Early academic knowledge is a consistent, strong predictor of later academic success: it strongly predicts math skills, as well as reading and attention (Duncan et al., 2007). Opportunities to learn general knowledge, which includes humanities, social studies, and science, occur much less frequently than math and literacy instruction in early education (Bassok et al., 2016) despite findings that knowledge about the world can support reading comprehension and even math performance (Grissmer et al., 2010;Hirsch et al., 2002;O'Reilly et al., 2019). Further, the benefits of preschool on children's kindergarten general knowledge appear to be more persistent (i.e., continue to show stronger associations) than in more discrete domains like literacy (Ansari et al., 2020). ...
Learning environments can support the development of foundational knowledge and promote children's attitudes toward learning and school. This study explores the relation between school enjoyment and general knowledge from preschool (2016–2017) to kindergarten (2017–2018) in 1359 children (Mage = 55, 61 months, female = 50%; 58.5% Hispanic, 17% Black, 10% Asian, 10% White, 5% multiracial/other; linguistically diverse). Cross‐lagged panel models showed significant bidirectional associations between preschool enjoyment and change in general knowledge from preschool to kindergarten with a standardized coefficient of β = .21 (p < .001) and associations between preschool general knowledge and change in enjoyment, β = .09 (p = .015). Exploratory analyses with teacher characteristics and demographic subgroup comparisons are discussed. These associations suggest the potential intervention strategy of promoting early school enjoyment to support broader academic development.
... The 'hidden unemployed' are those people who are unemployed or underemployed but are not recorded in official unemployment statistics. Hidden unemployment typically consists of three subcategories: those who have given up looking for a job (i.e. the discouraged), those who are working less than they would like (i.e. the underemployed), and those who work in jobs in which their skills are underutilised (i.e. the underutilised) (Hirsch, Kett and Trefil, 2002). In this study, only the psychological costs of unemployment associated with discouraged workers are assessed. ...
... Gene is a basic functional and physical unit of inheritance where deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was represented as a molecular repository of genes that encodes the structure of a gene product, either RNA or protein [57]. Meanwhile, a gene mutation corresponds to a modification in one or more genes. ...
The exact nature, harmful effects and aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have caused widespread confusion. Artificial intelligence (AI) science helps solve challenging diagnostic problems in the medical field through extensive experiments. Disease severity is closely related to triage decisions and prioritisation contexts in medicine because both have been widely used to diagnose various diseases via AI, machine learning and automated decision-making techniques. Recently, taking advantage of high-performance AI algorithms has achieved accessible success in diagnosing and predicting risks from clinical and biological data. In contrast, less progress has been made with ASD because of obscure reasons. According to academic literature, ASD diagnosis works from a specific perspective, and much of the confusion arises from the fact that how AI techniques are currently integrated with the diagnosis of ASD concerning the triage and priority strategies and gene contributions. To this end, this study sought to describe a systematic review of the literature to assess the respective AI methods using the available datasets, highlight the tools and strategies used for diagnosing ASD and investigate how AI trends contribute in distinguishing triage and priority for ASD and gene contributions. Accordingly, this study checked the Science Direct, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and Scopus databases. A set of 363 articles from 2017 to 2022 is collected to reveal a clear picture and a better understanding of all the academic literature through a final set of 18 articles. The retrieved articles were filtered according to the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and classified into three categories. The first category includes ‘Triage patients based on diagnosis methods’ which accounts for 16.66% (n = 3/18). The second category includes ‘Prioritization for Risky Genes’ which accounts for 66.6% (n = 12/18) and is classified into two subcategories: ‘Mutations observation based’, ‘Biomarkers and toxic chemical observations’. The third category includes ‘E-triage using telehealth’ which accounts for 16.66% (n = 3/18). This multidisciplinary systematic review revealed the taxonomy, motivations, recommendations and challenges of ASD research that need synergistic attention. Thus, this systematic review performs a comprehensive science mapping analysis and discusses the open issues that help perform and improve the recommended solution of ASD research direction. In addition, this study critically reviews the literature and attempts to address the current research gaps in knowledge and highlights weaknesses that require further research. Finally, a new developed methodology has been suggested as future work for triaging and prioritizing ASD patients according to their severity levels by using decision-making techniques.
... Nowadays it is part of ordinary daily discourse, briefly referring to the political legitimisation of a preexisting social order, whose beneficial status originates in an external authority. It is also a stable occurrence in the printed press, being even included in the Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Hirsch et al., 2002). The enduring career of the trope seems to derive from its two distinct characteristics: on the one hand, the anthropomorphism recalling to the collective memory the entire symbolism associated with the hand, creator of material wealth par excellence, and on the other hand, the invisibility, a rather transparent allusion to the philosophy of the free enterprise, devoid of any constraints from a central authority, which is the foundation of capitalism. ...
This project dealt with the way in which in-the-field teachers perceive the Depth vs. Coverage curricular debate. Through classroom observations, in depth teacher interview, and response analysis, this project classified the ways and extent to which instructors teaching secondary social studies courses pursue personal teaching goals in light of Depth vs. coverage. This study found that teachers universally perceive that the Depth teaching model is a much better teaching strategy but is both unealistic and lacking, the teachers also found that the Coverage model is just as lacking and equally as unrealistic. Another teaching model began to emerge as teachers explored the very basis of what and how much they teach. This new model is a combination of both the depth and coverage models and found endorsements in a laige majority of the teachers interviewed.
This study aims at exploring the scope of proverbs of Bihar, a state in India, in developing gender inequality in society. A sample from the published collections and the Internet source, which consists of gender-related proverbs, has been selected. After making a categorization, these sayings have been analysed and interpreted in the light of Ambivalent Sexism theory and Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis, from which we find that men are given a positive portrayal, whereas women are presented in a misogynistic way. The finding of the study holds significance because negative stereotypes about any gender embedded in the folk discourse of any culture can be weakened by their critical discussion in class at the school level. It is anticipated that this study would motivate more research on folk and cultural discourse, and highlight the importance of treating both genders equally.
The article is dedicated to researching the influence of linguocultural competence of Kazakh-speaking learners on the process of learning the Russian language. The goal, main directions, and ideas of the scientific research involve analyzing methodologies and approaches that contribute to preserving Kazakh culture and language while studying Russian. A brief description of the scientific and practical significance of the work emphasizes the importance of integrating cultural and linguistic aspects into the educational process to ensure a deeper understanding and respect for cultural diversity. A brief overview of the research methodology covers analysis of literary sources, observation of the educational process, and surveying learners and educators to assess the effectiveness of the applied methods. The main results and analysis, conclusions of the research work show that linguocultural competence significantly influences the success of learning the Russian language and the preservation of the cultural identity of learners. The value of the conducted research lies in confirming the necessity of developing and implementing educational programs that take into account the cultural and linguistic characteristics of Kazakh-speaking learners, which contributes to the formation of literate and culturally aware individuals. This work makes an important contribution to the development of teaching and learning methodologies, highlighting the significance of a culturally adapted approach in education. The practical significance of the findings is important for methodologists, Russian language teachers, and all those involved in education and intercultural communication.
Importance. The competence-based approach prevailing in the current higher education puts forward special requirements to the systematization of knowledge and skills of graduates. The composition and description of professional competence, which is the main reference point in course design, has a strong impact on the overall effectiveness of the educational process, so there is an imperative need for a comprehensive and practice-oriented model of linguo-methodological competence. The purpose of the study is to develop a general model of linguo-methodological competence that meets the needs of linguo-methodological areas of training.
Materials and Methods. To carry out the research: the corpus of research literature on the topic is analyzed, the general regularities of requirements to the competence of a specialist are synthesized and systematized, the structure of linguo-methodological competence is modeled.
Results and Discussion . Interpretation of the general model of professional competence under specific conditions of foreign language teaching reveals a number of functionally different aspects of specialist’s competence. The following aspects are identified: behavioral, sociocultural, motivational, information and communication, and linguodidactic. Each component actualizes a relatively autonomous set of knowledge and skills, which can be purposefully influenced.
Conclusion. The presented model is characterized by its structural completeness, which allows integrating private professional competences within the framework of individual components. The selected components reflect the main aspects of professional activity of a modern foreign language teacher, which allows us to use it as a starting point for designing a foreign language teacher training course.
Songs with animalistic motifs are widely represented in the traditional culture of Slavic peoples. Songs with bird motifs clearly predominate, as most of them were originally connected with the archaic ritual of the bird wedding. In the course of their centuries of use, their erotic context has been reduced, and their social and didactic motifs have been strengthened. Embodied primarily in the form of grotesques (Czesław Hernas), these songs became an essential element of the cultural literacy (Eric Donald Hirsch) of the people and formed the basis of ethnopedagogy. The playful character and life-like plot collisions played a role of a peculiar psychotherapeutic means, which is confirmed by the reviews of ethnographers, as well as writers, who processed the folklore plots. In the culture of the Slavic peoples of the new time, the songs with bird motifs were most widespread, although the ritual of a bird wedding survived only among the Sorbs from Lusatia. Animalistic grotesques contributed to the socialization of a person, their awareness of themselves within various models of collective identity. This is why such poems and songs are especially relevant in the sphere of modern recreational culture, including in the field of preschool pedagogy.
The starting point for the research was the observation of an increased attention to the figure of D. Shostakovich, who about the turn of the century appeared to become a milestone of the English-language Russia-centered discourse. This raised the questions of the specific nature of the English-language Russia-centered discourse, as well as the place D. Shostakovich holds in it and the transformation of the composer’s image within this discourse’ cognitive map. Methodologically, the research relies upon a combination of traditional in-depth stylistic, literary and linguaculturological analyses, on the one hand, and quantitative corpus methods, on the other hand. The research allowed to ascertain that the Russianism “Shostakovich” is usually employed for the sake of characterizing the character as either relating to intellectual elite or to Russians; or of introducing a motif, in particular the motif of Petersburg. The paper posits that applying a language to describing an external culture is, in fact, like translating this culture into the language of description. And translating culture is by necessity always selective — it is based on describing carefully selected milestones. One of such milestones in Russian culture translation is the concept of Petersburg, while Shostakovich is a milestone on which the concept of Petersburg is built. Both concepts are based on an intricate interweaving of fact and myth; the distortion being the result of an attempt at interpreting the external culture in understandable terms.
The increasing mobility which is available within the modern world, along with related challenges which may arise thanks to the co-existence of different cultures within a single country’s socio-cultural environment, both serve to reveal the importance of developing cultural literacy in schools which should educate fully-fledged members of any future harmonious society. The aim of this article is to reveal the inherent peculiarities of cultural literacy development, and to verify their efficiency in years ten to twelve at a school which has a multicultural environment. The development of cultural literacy and its associated peculiarities which have been featured in researcher hypotheses were analysed through the explanatory sequential mixed method of carrying out case studies. The questionnaire which was created (in the form of a quantitative study) helped to determine the level of cultural literacy which is currently prevalent amongst students of an upper secondary education with in the specific school which was being analysed. Following this, the results were explained on the basis of a qualitative analysis (involving semi-structured interviews with teachers), along with the final results. The researcher’s assumption was supported by combining the survey results (involving a high level of cultural literacy amongst year ten to twelve students at the school which formed the subject of the research), and an analysis of case sources (involving interviews with teachers). This is how that research data which is presented in the article can contribute to defining the process of cultural literacy development, which serves to point out two different aspects of reality: student ability to be open-minded, and teacher ability to recognise different cultures. All of this enables the existence of two-tiered interdependent functions: social functions to educate critical readers (members of society), and societal consolidation, both of which are inextricably linked to the application of linguistic skills in specific situations.
Studia Europaea - Academic Journal - Issue 1 - Year 2023
This paper contributes to the discussion around what is new in Museology and Museum Studies. We argue here that the most innovative element in the field is the commitment of Museology to social transformation, from its identification with applied social sciences, with action-research and with the premise that the museologist is a social worker (Rússio in Bruno, 2010). It also performs a critique of collection-centric Museology, remembering that being socially oriented is no longer a matter for specific types of museums, but an approach that should permeate all types of museums.
Finally, we defend that social and ecosystemic museologies are more aligned with
contemporary values and can better respond to preparing for the future.
In this chapter, I address the conceptual issues connected with BBNaija as a reality show. To achieve this I adopt a multidisciplinary approach that explores the interstices of social anthropology and literary studies. What are the socio-cultural issues that the programme brings out and what connections do these have with the eponymic novel of George Orwell where the name Big Brother was first used? Benthal’s concept of panopticon and the metaphorical expansion of this in Foucault’s theory of social control in the postmodern society were also applied to the theatrics of the programme. I used Hemmingway’s iceberg theory to look at the intricate relationship between what creators of the show have in mind, performance of the participants, and viewers’ reactions to what is produced. As a member of the viewing audience that is targeted by creators of the programme, I employed the participant observation method, the cardinal research method in my specialty, social anthropology. I also used library research. The former was useful in observing the performance of the programme and following the public opinions on it, its creators, and cast. The latter was used in tracing the literary ancestry of the show, and in analysing it conceptually as a sociological, mass communication, and literary product. It is found that moral objections to the programme have precedents in efforts of moral entrepreneurs in every human group to attempt to stifle a conceptual or performative innovation that challenges the ones they are accustomed to.
This study investigated the level of media literacy and its influence on the most prevalent media message evaluation practices of first-time Filipino college-student voters. It compared the level of media literacy components-using media devices, understanding media, and contributing to media content, and how these influence evaluation of media messages. It is significant in the current learning context as students are immersed in a digital media landscape filled with unverified data, misinformation, and biased, distorted updates. Thus, looking into voters' capacity to discern and discriminate between facts and fake information is necessary so that interventions may be adopted. Results indicate a self-reported mean of 2.83 in using media devices; 3 in understanding media; and 3 in contributing to media content. Further, the most prevalent media information evaluation practice is to consider message and meaning rather than the author and intended audience, or what media represents and if it reflects reality. Finally, understanding media is the most significant predictor influencing the prevalent media message evaluation practices of participants in the study. Keywords: media literacy of first-time voters, information literacy in the digital landscape, predictors of critical literacy
يعدّ العنف فاعلية دينامية مؤثرة في تحديد مسارات التجربة المسرحية ، ويبدو أن ذلك شديد الارتباط بطبيعة الدراما في اقتناصها وتركيزها على الحالات الاستثنائية ، وعلى الشخصيات ذات النزعة الفردية غير المألوفة ، ولأن قانون الصراع الدرامي يشكل العصب الرئيس في تميز أي نص مسرحي يحتفظ بالكثير منه , لذلك تكون النزعة الصراعية أساسية في الدراما المسرحية .
ولكن الصراع في الدراما ليس هو العنف نفسه ، لأنه لا يرتبط بصدام الإرادات وحدها ، بل بصدام الأفكار والمشاعر ، وغالباً ما يكون مدفوعاً بتحقيق فكرة ما ، لذا يكون قانونه الأساس الجدل ، وهو يسري على الذات الجماعية ، مثلما يسري على الذات الفردية ، فالتفكير الذاتي نفسه يحمل في ثناياه متناقضات تريد احدها الانتصار على الأخرى ، وبذلك يكون العنف موضوعاً ومادة للصراع ، وليس الصراع نفسه ، لأن الأخير يعدّ عنصراً يحكم تفاعل العناصر الاخرى المكونة للبناء الدرامي ، وهو عنصر يحمل في ثناياه صفة النقد والتعرية للموضوع الذي يعمل على طرحه ، وبذلك يكون العنف مادة للتأمل ، ويكون الصراع طاقة التأمل للمادة .
هذا ما دفع بالكثير من الكتاب ـــ وبخاصة ـــ كتاب الدراما الحديثة إلى استعراض معالجات اللاعنف ، بعد ان كانت المسرحية اليونانية والرومانية والشكسبيرية وما تلاها ترتكز على تقديم مادة العنف الصرفة التي يشحنها الصراع بطاقة تأملية استثنائية . فقد جاءت اعمال : بيير كورني ، وابسن ، وتشيخوف ، وبرناردشو ، وبريخت ، وبيرانديللو ، وبعض اعمال (يونسكو) مُعززةً بطروحات نابذة للعنف ، ومُمركِزة للمنطق العقلي الداعي للجدل والاستبصار ، واخماد النزعة الانفعالية ، والتركيز على إذابة الهيمنة المركزية للسلطة التي كان يحفل بها البطل
المتعالي على الاخر ــ بطل ما فوق الواقع ــ ليتم ازالة هذه المركزية الميتافيزيقية .
ولكون ( اللاعنف) هو المحصلة التي يستشفها الباحث من هذه التجارب التي انبثقت مع فجر الحداثة في المسرح ، ولأن العالم العربي قد مرّ بأزمات وويلات كثيرة وكبيرة شكلت حضوراً فاعلاً لدى كتّاب المسرح في الوطن العربي ودفعت بهم إلى الاحتجاج على ممارسة العنف ودعوتهم إلى اللاعنف ونبذ الجريمة والقسوة ، ولعل من هؤلاء الكتّاب ، الكاتب المسرحي السوري (عبد الفتاح رواس قلعجي ) ــــ موضوع البحث ـــ .
وقد بُنيت مشكلة البحث على التساؤل الآتي :
ما هي المعالجات السوسيولوجية اللاعنفية التي تأسس عليها الخطاب المسرحي المعاصر ؟
ثانياً ــــ اهمية البحث والحاجة إليه :
تبرز اهمية البحث في تناوله لموضوع رئيس يتصل بإشكالية بارزة على الصعيد السوسيولوجي ، من خلال تقصّيه لأبرز الدراسات الفلسفية والسوسيولوجية التي تناولت مفهوم اللاعنف ، ومن ثمّ الكشف عن تطبيقاته في الخطاب المسرحي المعاصر.
أما الحاجة لهذا البحث فإنها ترتبط بالدراسين والمهتمين بالشأن المسرحي في تخصصات النقد والاخراج والتمثيل ، وكذلك لأولئك المهتمين بالدراسات السوسيولوجية.
ثالثاً ـــ هدف البحث :
يهدف البحث الى الكشف عن سوسيولوجيا اللاعنف التي تأسس عليها الخطاب المسرحي المعاصر.
"Beginning in 2013, the Central African Republic has been engulfed in a civil war pitting successive governments against a substantial number of armed groups who also compete against each other for control over territory, population and resources. Some of these groups are claiming to be defenders of religious groups in the country, with the Séléka militias fighting for the Muslim communities and the anti-Balaka groups claiming Christian roots and inclinations. Other religiously inspired armed groups such as the Lord’s Resistance Army are also present in the country. The following study is an attempt to understand how the “religious” label can be applied to such armed groups and whether it can influence their behavior, thus bringing into light a valuable, albeit lesser known example on how AGs and religion are connected in contemporary Africa. Keywords: armed groups, religion, Central African Republic, violence, civil war "
"The development of local entrepreneurship has become an integral part of the urban culture, creating an interest in the impact of small and medium-sized enterprises on the local economy, the satisfaction of the residents and their desire to remain in the city and bring up the next generation in their place of residence. A qualitative research approach, using semi-structured interviews with stakeholders of small and medium-sized enterprises in several cities in Israel was adopted to examine the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises from an economic, and social perspective. The findings indicated that while the local businesses fulfill a role in the social fabric of the city by connecting residents to their urban place of residence, the small and medium-sized enterprises are struggling economically, since they are faced with heavy competition from chain stores, malls and trading centers established in the peripheral regions. Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), economy, central authority, local authority, entrepreneur "
"The paper aims to shed light on the particularities of two national liberation movements - turned political parties and how they embraced their new role after the liberation struggle had ended and majority rule had been obtained. South Africa’s ANC and Zimbabwe’s ZANU-PF are analyzed in an attempt to ultimately underline why democracy was approached distinctively by the too. We also bring some arguments as to why South Africa failed to stop ZANU-PF’s descent into autocracy, amidst internal and international pressures to intervene. After a short historical background of the two NLMs, we discuss the links between them, the particular political and social conditions which shaped their behaviours and the commonalities and differences in said behaviours. We argue that, as long as the democratic principles identified with ZANU-PF’s struggle for the empowerment of a new elite, the former were pursued; when the two no longer overlapped, stronghold politics and policies took primacy. We also argue that faced with similar contestation as ZANU-PF, the ANC might chose to sacrifice democracy for the sake of regime survival. Keywords: party-politics, international relations, regional influence, democracy, colonialism, discourse "
Given the importance of training in gender-sensitivity issues, this article focuses on raising gender bias in the learning/teaching of translation. The classroom is viewed as the perfect space where prospective translators become aware of how gender is part and parcel of the source text and the target text, and how lexical and semantic choices are powerful to reveal underlying ideologies, attitudes and mind-sets. This research project is corpus-based. It was carried out with my undergraduate students studying the module of 'English and Translation.' Text samples containing problematic gender issues were purposefully selected to bring about the reactions that I sought to make. By adopting the critical discourse analysis (CDA) with its three dimensional framework: the descriptive, interpretive and explanatory, as developed by Fairclough (2003), in a pedagogically collaborative learning environment, the texts with the group discussions were meant to measure how training can practically sensitize future translators and interpreters to the salience of androcentrism in language use hence triggering in them the need for change.
This article dwells on the significance of translation training in gender-related issues. It focuses on raising the question of gender bias in audio-visual translation (AVT). The latter is posited to maintain the same patriarchal visions found in language use as in culture. To this end, the classroom is viewed as the perfect space where prospective translators are engaged in questioning how gender is part and parcel of the source texts as multi-dimensional and ‘polisemiotic’ in nature, and how lexical and semantic choices are significantly powerful to reveal underlying ideologies, subjectivities, attitudes and mind-sets. This research is corpus-based. It was carried out with my under-graduate students studying the module of ‘Translation 2.’ Multi-modal text samples containing problematic gender issues were purposefully selected to bring forth the reactions that I sought to make. By adopting critical discourse analysis (CDA) with its three dimensional framework: the descriptive, interpretive and explanatory, in a pedagogically collaborative learning environment, the subtitled texts with the classroom activities and the group discussions were meant to measure how training in AVT translation can practically sensitize future translators to the salience of gender-bias in mainstream media hence triggering in them the need for change. Through all the covered phases of the classroom training, gender is duly addressed to have an all-encompassing approach to subtitling in English, French and Arabic. The main goal is to gauge the consistency of a male-dominated discourse that permeates all media channels. It is geared towards helping trainees as individuals, rather than professionals, to overcome the challenges posed by all the patriarchal ideologies from one language to another.
As teachers engage with what is taught, rather than a sense of the distribution of inert knowledge, there can be a feeling that the “what” is moving and adapting with them. This is especially true when teachers are working with topics like anti-Black racism. The what being taught, or the curriculum-as-a-whole has been analyzed by cutting it apart into many different aspects including the planned, the assessed, the learned, the hidden, the null, and the enacted. This dissertation focuses on the enacted curricula specifically as it is co-produced in the class and highlights how the teacher is not the only aspect of that class with the agency to shift the enacted curriculum. These conclusions are based on four case studies of enacted antiracist curricula. The enactments of these curricula were undertaken by elementary, middle, and high school teachers in three different cities and were re-storied in a series of interviews with the author. This dissertation concludes that anti-Black racism is always already influencing the curriculum as it is conceived, planned, enacted, and re-storied, though it is particularly influential in the liminal spaces.
Studia Europaea Academic Journal of the Faculty of European Studies - Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca
I will first begin with a brief discussion of the concept and definition of McCarthyism in the United States of America. Secondly, I will discuss the McCarthyism Era and how it affected civil liberties within the US. Lastly, I will present a brief historical background of Turkish Military Coups during the Republican era of Turkey, and discuss the February 28 Military Coup in context of how it affected civil liberties in Turkish society. The objective of this paper is to present an analysis of the McCarthyism Era and the resultant civil liberties of the U.S.A., and to understand the Turkish version of McCarthyism and its effects on Turkish civil liberties after the military coup d'état of February 28th, 1997. To conclude, the work will provide a broader view of McCarthyism in America and contrast it with that of the divergent perspective of the alternate McCarthyism that swayed Turkey’s civil liberties.
The paper focuses first on the novelties accessible to foreign language learning adults by MALL and mobile language learning, thus drawing a brief overview of the research into novel affordances they offer and implications for a new language learning methodology. Secondly, we explore attitudes of adult learners (tertiary students, academic and administrative staff) to studying or improving language skills in various languages immersed in the ICT, in particular the options proposed by the language learning mobile apps. In order to gather adult learners’ views, a quantitative research, based on an e-questionnaire, was carried out among 1028 participants from 6 EU countries within the international LanGuide project. The results of this research lead to re-evaluation of some teaching approaches and suggest recommendations for teaching practitioners and materials developers.
The present paper aims at describing the uncharacteristic illustration of working with the cultural element when teaching a foreign language against the background of the classicised approaches in this respect, in the context of the LanGuide project, whose objectives are to provide the users with a mobile application for learning and testing foreign languages. The approach tackled by the authors of the exercises, who are also the authors of the present study, combines two aspects from the traditional methodologies i.e., the inclusion of host-country cultural items in tasks devised in and for the English language, in order to meet the requirements and goals of the LanGuide project. Thus, students, teachers and administrative staff members involved in an Erasmus+ mobility who need to learn their English language knowledge in the fields of mobility, administration, IT and/or academic may find useful cultural elements of the countries they will visit while polishing their skills for English.
The paper deals with the contrastive analysis of the Ukrainian (Ivan Ohiyenko) and English (King James Bible) translations of the Old Testament (Genesis, Chapter 1) with the purpose to establish their comparative lexical and stylistic features. The assessment of the stylistic devices in the Ukrainian (UTT) and English (ETT) target texts proves a high degree of their similarity. There is a considerable parallelism in the use of repetition, paraphrase, aphorisms, generic nouns, stylistically coloured lexemes, rhetorical address and homogenous elements’ structure. The polysyndeton is a distinctive feature of both texts as well as gradation and a systematic use of archaic or unusual words. The dissimilarities of the two texts include alliterative repetition in verse 10, a double-focus repetition and a weakened polysyndeton in verse 29 in ETT, repetition in ETT (verses 14-15) which appeared to be impossible in UTT due to the specifi c structure used there and the strengthened verb repetition in the refrain of each period in UTT. Other distinctions include a systematic use of the state verb (be) in ETT, whereas the UTT utilizes a range of dynamic verbs indicating the transition from one state to another; the use of two monotypic metaphors in ETT, as compared to neutral lexemes in UTT; or, conversely, the ETT counterpart of an elevated style word is stylistically neutral in UTT. Another divergence is the use of parceling in ETT, which shifts the stylistic emphasis to the parceled fragment, while in the UTT the preference is given to the double synonymic structure; the use of archaism, metaphor and synecdoche in ETT whereas they are absent in UTT. Other unilaterally used stylistic devices include personifi cation in ETT versus alliteration and assonance in UTT; the use of an infi nitive stricture in ETT and a verbal noun in UTT to render purpose; greater variability of attributes (prepositional, postpositional, subordinate clauses), as well as lexical stylistic means in UTT; greater phonetic and lexical diversity of generalizing attributes in UTT. Overall, a somewhat greater variety of lexical stylistic means in UTT may be assumed, although it can hardly be regarded as the latter’s advantage because the standards of stylistic acceptability substantially vary in diff erent languages and cultures. The scope of further research is outlined. Key words: English and Ukrainian languages, Bible (Genesis), comparative stylistics, comparative lexicology, confessional style, teaching translation and interpreting, comparative lexical and stylistic analysis, lexical and stylistic features.
The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of Foreign direct investment on the economic and political framework of Africa, using Nigerian as a case study. The foreign direct investments from China to Africa and particularly to Nigeria has not been received well in the pool of public opinion. However, the benefits the investment pool has on the economic and political framework is positive. Yet, researchers, believe that caution should be taken to avoid excessive FDI from China.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.