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What is Spiritual Intelligence?
Abstract
This inquiry into spiritual intelligence suggests that it is one of several types of intelligence and that it can be developed relatively independently. Spiritual intelligence calls for multiple ways of knowing and for the integration of the inner life of mind and spirit with the outer life of work in the world. It can be cultivated through questing, inquiry, and practice. Spiritual experiences may also contribute to its development, depending on the context and means of integration. Spiritual maturity is expressed through wisdom and compassionate action in the world. Spiritual intelligence is necessary for discernment in making spiritual choices that contribute to psychological well-being and overall healthy human development.
... За останні роки західні дослідники обґрунтували декілька концепцій духовного інтелекту, його структури, педагогічних умов розвитку та запропонували окремі інструменти вимірювання [4,[8][9][10][11]. ...
... Другий підхід, який умовно можна назвати індуктивним, передбачає включення до обсягу духовного інтелекту усіх чи багатьох здібностей, що утворюють духовне життя особистості. Такий підхід, на нашу думку, представлений роботами Р. Еммонса [4], К. Нобла, Ф. Вона [8]. Фактично, він передбачає структурування здібностей, навичок, компетентностей особистості в такі блоки, як екзистенційний (нагадаємо, такий вид інтелекту намагався виокремити і Говард Гарднер), моральний, ментальний, трансцендентний, вольовий тощо. ...
The article is devoted to the generalization of the concepts of spiritual intelligence in the interpretation of Western scientists. The author proposes to defer deductive concepts of spiritual intelligence when its structure is oriented to a basic value, and an inductive approach when the construction of spiritual intelligence is oriented to various spheres of human life, which are associated with spirituality to some extent.
... Though the notion of trancendence has been changed according to the questions and insights of the age (Du Toit, 2011;Ruschmann, 2011), transcendence is more often associated with religion as well as spirituality-based beliefs and faith. Spirituality as the individual expression with the highest human potential -transcendence - (Vaughan, 2002;Pergament, 1999) should not be equated with religion (Pergament, 1999;Sawatzky et al., 2005), especially in the context of intelligence (Zohar and Marshall, 2006). So, who can unite these different areas -awareness and transcendence -along with education? ...
... The issue of spirituality has been much contested subject within the field of education due to the shortage of scientific evidence. Prior studies have reported the importance of worth of the deepest questions of persons lives (Vaughan, 2002;Maslow, 1968) which leads education get out of "technical triviality" and even "cultural banality" (Palmer, 1999: 2). Several attempts have been made trying to shine new lights on spirituallybased disputes across education (Chaudhary and Aswal, 2013). ...
While the cognitive dimension is an inseparable part of the learning process, modern research has acknowledged the roles of affective and spiritual as being compatible within this process. Thus, stressing the interaction between teachers and students, the need for spiritually-based qualities in educational process emerges. Spirituality is the indwelled knowing of our self, the understanding of the highest transcendence-driven spiritual features. The underlying argument in favor of transcendence in education is that there can be no teaching without a notion of transcendence. The problem question asks what are the possibilities to develop the awareness, which is based on transcendental aspects, in an educational context. Based on these assumptions the objective of this presentation is to introduce the conceptual framework of the development of transcendental awareness.
... Spiritual Intelligence (SI) encompasses a suite of capabilities and skills that empower individuals to address challenges and achieve objectives in their daily lives (Emmons, 1999;Emmons, 2000a;Herawati, 2016). Spiritual intelligence plays a vital role in facilitating discernment when making spiritual decisions that actively contribute to psychological well-being and the holistic development of individuals (Kumar & Tankha, 2021;Vaughan, 2002). While Emmons' (1999) concept primarily delves into the theoretical nuances of SI, other scholarly works highlight its signi cance and association with various key factors. ...
... While Emmons' (1999) concept primarily delves into the theoretical nuances of SI, other scholarly works highlight its signi cance and association with various key factors. Spiritual intelligence plays a vital role in facilitating discernment when making spiritual decisions that actively contribute to psychological well-being and the holistic development of individuals (Kumar & Tankha, 2021;Vaughan, 2002). King (2008) Çirak and Dost (2022) found that life satisfaction did not signi cantly predict nomophobia levels. ...
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Nomophobia and explore its connections with demographic variables and Religiosity, Spiritual Intelligence, Meaningfulness, and Satisfaction with Life, among undergraduate students in Ghana. The study employed a web-based cross-sectional survey design, encompassing n = 596 university students in Ghana. The results of this study demonstrated a significant negative nexus between students' Nomophobia, Religiosity, Spiritual Intelligence, and Meaningfulness (p < .05). Satisfaction with Life exhibited a positive correlation with Nomophobia. Furthermore, all the predictors collectively accounted for 76.6% of the total variance in Nomophobia, highlighting their substantial influence. Religion emerged as the most significant variable associated with Nomophobia. The study implies that promoting Religiosity, Spiritual Intelligence, and Meaningfulness can reduce Nomophobia in Ghanaian university students. It also stresses the importance of boosting overall student satisfaction and incorporating religious and spiritual aspects in Nomophobia interventions.
... More recently, cognitive, emotional, and social intelligence have been extensively renowned as important attributes for professionals' practices in clinical and educational settings (Beni et al., 2019;Etemadnia et al., 2021). Spiritual intelligence has also been recognized as a very important skill that is urgently required by the health and education fields (Beni et al., 2019;Vaughan, 2002;Watts & Dorobantu, 2023). The idea of spiritual intelligence was developed and introduced in 1997, and the idea was built on the belief systems of Eastern religions, ancient societies, and original cultures (Andrei, 2023;Kwilecki, 2000;O'Donnell, 1997). ...
... Spirituality transcends religious affiliation and includes a personal exploration of life's profound questions, purpose, and connection to higher values. Moreover, spirituality includes moral and social principles and can be triggered by contributing to different religious practices within a community (Andrei, 2023;Beni et al., 2019;Kwilecki, 2000;O'Donnell, 1997;Vaughan, 2002;Watts & Dorobantu, 2023) ...
Background: The interplay between the health and academic success of married women has long been acknowledged, with spiritual intelligence being an often underexplored yet critical factor. Despite its global implications for public health and its substantial role in religious education, spiritual intelligence is frequently marginalized and seldom recognized as a significant determinant of healthcare evaluation and health promotion. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Intelligence Inventory (SISRI) in the context of married women. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling methodology, we recruited a cohort of three hundred women (150 married Madrassa and 150 married non-Madrassa), aged 18 to 50, from various formal religious educational institutions in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Data collection spanned from January 1, 2021, to August 1, 2021. Results: This study encompassed two distinct phases: a pilot study and a main study. Findings from the research indicated a positive correlation between SISRI-Urdu and English total scores as well as subscale scores, underscoring the robust internal consistency of the inventory. Furthermore, the test-retest reliability of both the English and Urdu versions exhibited high levels of consistency (r = 0.94). In the primary investigation, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to establish construct validity in both married Madrassa and non-Madrassa women. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study establishes the Spiritual Intelligence Inventory (SISRI) as a robust tool for assessing spiritual intelligence in married Madrassa and non-Madrassa women. These findings emphasize the instrument's potential utility in deepening our understanding of the interplay between spirituality, mental health, and religious education, shedding light on its valuable role in healthcare assessment and promotion within these specific contexts.
... Spiritual Intelligence can be defined as "the ability to create meaning, based on deep understanding of existential questions, awareness and the ability to use multiple levels of consciousness in problem solving" (Vaughan, 2002). To date there are no validated measures of SI (Halama & Strizenec, 2004), but spirituality measures have been validated and results indicate that measures of spirituality correlate to the improved health and well-being of an organisation (Veach & Chappel, 1992). ...
... 12 pp.99-118 原稿種別：論文(Article) A clear and widely accepted definition suggested by Vaughan (2002) described spiritual intelligence as "a capacity for a deep understanding of existential questions and insight into multiple levels of consciousness" (p. 19). ...
】 This paper presents an overview of the concept of multiple intelligences by discussion of four types of intelligence: conative, cultural, emotional, and spiritual. The authors further discuss the important roles that an understanding of these types of intelligence can play in business contexts and how they can inform management and leadership decisions. 【Keywords】 multiple intelligences, leadership, conative intelligence, emotional intelligence, cultural intelligence, spiritual intelligence
... Selain itu, individu yang mempunyai kecerdasan spiritual yang tinggi berupaya menyesuaikan antara aspek realiti bukan material dan transenden (King, 2009). Terdapat beberapa model mengenai kecerdasan spiritual antaranya, model Emmons (2000), model Vaughan (2002) dan model King (2009). (2000), kecerdasan spiritual merupakan pengamalan elemen spiritual semasa menyelia dan menyelesaikan masalah seharian. ...
... (2000), kecerdasan spiritual merupakan pengamalan elemen spiritual semasa menyelia dan menyelesaikan masalah seharian. Manakala menurut Vaughan (2002) dalam modelnya bahawa kecerdasan spiritual merupakan kuasa pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap persoalan dan persepsi pada setiap peringkat kesedaran. Tambahannya lagi, kecerdasan spiritual dapat dikembangkan melalui latihan agar dapat membezakan dunia khayalan dan realiti. ...
Efikasi kendiri guru merupakan aspek penting dalam menangani isu keciciran pendidikan murid luar bandar. Tinjauan literatur mendapati pencapaian akademik murid luar bandar berada pada tahap rendah. Oleh itu, kajian tinjauan mengenai efikasi kendiri guru serta hubungkaitnya dengan tingkah laku kepemimpinan pengetua dan tahap kecerdasan spiritual guru dijalankan. Dapatan kajian dapat digunakan oleh pengetua dalam menentukan gaya kepemimpinan serta merancang program berkaitan kecerdasan spiritual. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan soal selidik bagi mendapatkan data. Instrumen diadopsi daripada LBDQ XII, SISRI-24 dan TSES yang ditadbir secara atas talian menerusi Google Form. Seramai 141 orang guru tetap SMK di daerah Betong, Sarawak dipilih secara rawak sebagai sampel kajian. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS versi 25). Dapatan kajian berdasarkan nilai pekali korelasi Spearman’s Rho dan Kendall’s Tau-B menunjukkan wujudnya hubungan linear positif yang kuat dan signifikan antara tingkah laku kepemimpinan pengetua dengan efikasi kendiri guru [rs= .967 , p<0.05, N=141]; [Tb =.916, p<0.05, N=141] dan kecerdasan spiritual guru dengan efikasi kendiri guru [rs= .903 , p<0.05, N=141]; [Tb =.818, p<0.05, N=141]. Secara keseluruhannya terdapat kemungkinan bahawa semakin tinggi tingkah laku kepemimpinan merintis struktur dan bertimbang rasa pengetua serta kecerdasan spiritual guru yang tinggi, maka semakin tinggi efikasi kendiri guru. Kesimpulannya, tingkah laku kepemimpinan merintis struktur dan bertimbang rasa serta aspek kecerdasan spiritual merupakan aspek yang penting dalam memastikan efikasi kendiri guru tinggi dalam menangani isu keciciran pendidikan khususnya terhadap murid luar bandar.
... Istilah kecerdasan spiritual merujuk kepada pentafsiran peribadi seseorang individu mengenai keupayaannya untuk membersihkan jiwa dari pengaruh negatif (Subandi, 2000), kefahamannya tentang nilai, makna dan tujuan hidup (Fisher, 2010) dan hubungan yang harmoni dengan penciptanya iaitu Tuhan, manusia lain dan alam sekitar (Vaughan, 2002). Kecerdasan spiritual juga boleh diertikan sebagai kecerdasan individu untuk menghadapi dan memecahkan persoalan makna dan nilai hidup, iaitu meletakkan perilaku dan hidupnya dalam konteks makna yang lebih luas, dan keupayaan untuk menilai bahawa tindakan dan jalan hidupnya lebih bermakna dibandingkan dengan yang lain (Zohar & Marshall, 2001). ...
... Dalam konteks pendidikan, antara faktor yang boleh meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual di kalangan pelajar termasuk hubungan pelajar dengan rakan dan pensyarah, amalan kebajikan, persekitaran pembelajaran yang positif dan amalan muhasabah diri (Vaughan, 2002;Nasel, 2004). Kesemua faktor ini didapati mampu membantu pelajar membentuk tingkah laku yang positif (VonDras et al., 2007; Christopher & James, 2011), meningkatkan keyakinan diri (Rohani, 2016), journal.ump.edu.my/ijhtc ...
Nowadays, it is a very crucial to develop balanced human personality between physical, spiritual and intellectual potential through our education system. Balanced personality will help new generation to be more ready to face any challenge in their future. At university, the development of balance personality always relates with soft skills which emphasizes spiritual intelligence as the core component to produce positive thinker with more stable in their emotion. Therefore, this study aims to examine the level of mental health and spiritual intelligence as well as the differences compared to the factors of the year of study and religion. The study was conducted quantitatively through a survey instrument using a questionnaire. 460 respondents have been selected as respondents from 8271 UMP First Degree students. Descriptive analysis found that majority of the respondents had a moderate level of mental health and high level of spiritual intelligence. Mean comparison analysis was performed using ANOVA test. The findings show that there is no significant difference in mental health level based on years of study and religion. The same goes for the Level of Spiritual Intelligence analysis based on the year of study. However, there is a significant difference in the level of Spiritual Intelligence based on religion where Buddhist students are the lowest but still at a moderate level. Overall, this study has contributed to the lack of literature on the level of mental health and spiritual intelligence in the context of university students in Malaysia, especially in UMP. Moreover, result from this study will be a guide to relevant parties to plan programs to help improve Mental Health and Spiritual Intelligence among UMP students. Membangunkan personaliti insan yang seimbang diantara pembangunan potensi fizikal, spiritual dan mental adalah satu keperluan dalam sistem Pendidikan bagi melahirkan generasi yang lebih bersedia menghadapi cabaran kehidupan pada masa akan datang. Pembangunan personaliti insan seimbang ini juga sering kali dikaitkan dengan pembangunan soft skills pelajar di universiti yang diantara lain memberi penekanan kepada kecerdasan spiritual sebagai asas kepada perkembangan emosi dan pemikiran yang positif. Oleh itu, kajian awal ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tahap kesihatan mental dan kecerdasan spiritual serta perbezaannya berbanding faktor tahun pengajian dan agama. Kajian dijalankan secara kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan dengan menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrumen kajian ke atas 460 orang responden yang dipilih melalui teknik persampelan rawak berlapis daripada 8271 pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda UMP. Analisis deskriptif mendapati majoriti responden mempunyai tahap kesihatan mental yang sederhana dan kecerdasan spiritual yang tinggi. Analisa perbandingan min pula dilakukan dengan menggunakan ujian ANOVA. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan signifikan Tahap Kesihatan mental berdasarkan tahun pengajian dan agama. Begitu juga dengan Tahap Kecerdasan Spiritual berdasarkan tahun pengajian. Namun, terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan Tahap Kecerdasan Spiritual berdasarkan agama dimana pelajar beragama Budha paling rendah tetapi masih berada pada tahap yang sederhana. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini telah menyumbang kepada kekurangan dalam literatur mengenai tahap kesihatan mental dan kecerdasan spiritual dalam konteks pelajar universiti di Malaysia khususnya di UMP, selain daripada menjadi panduan kepada pihak yang berkenaan untuk merancang program terutamanya dari sudut pembangunan soft skills pelajar pelajar UMP
... During last 9 years, there was a high tendency towards integration of spirituality and intelligence as a single entity, namely spiritual intelligence Amram & Dryer (2008), Emmons (1999), , Halama & Strizenec (2004), Levin (2000), Nasel (2004), Noble (2000, Vaughan (2002), Wolman (2001) & Zohar & Marshall (2000). As the emotional intelligence is not equal to emotion and excitement, spiritual intelligence is something different from spirituality. ...
... According to Emmons (1999): "spiritual intelligence is a framework for recognition and organizing the skills and capacities we need for adaptive use of spirituality". Vaughan (2002) defines spiritual intelligence as: "the human aptness to probe and ask about meaning of life, as well as experiencing continuity and the relationship between each person with the world he/ she lives in". In the present study, spiritual intelligence is defined as the ability to apply, manifest and depict spiritual resources, values and characteristics, to increase performance, daily effeciency and welfare, as well as the score obtained from the Integrated spiritual Intelligence Scale (ISIS) of Amram and Dryer (2008). ...
Objective: This research was aimed at studying the relationship between spiritual intelligence and effectiveness of the physical education teachers of Zanjan province. The population of this study consisted of all the physical education teachers of 14 educational sections of Zanjan province (650 persons) in 2013, from among which 242 physical education teachers were selected as the sample by stratified random sampling method. Data collection tool included a personal information questionnaire, Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (ISIS) of Amram and Dryer (2007), and Teacher effectiveness questionnaire of choo and Bowley (2007). The reliability coefficient was estimated by the cronboch's alpha test for spiritual intelligence (in five dimensions: 56.0 for awareness, 51.0 for divine grace, 76.0 for meaning, 48.0 for eminence and 96.0 for truth) as well as effectiveness questionnaire (87.0). For data analysis, the statistical T-test, Friedman rank test, ANOVA, simple regression and correlation were used. Results: The results of This study show that different aspects of spiritual intelligence of the physical education teachers of zanjan do not have equal positions. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between different variables of gender, age, marriage state and spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence of female physical education teachers was higher in comparison to male ones. Older physical education teachers had higher spiritual intelligence than younger physical education teachers and spiritual intelligence of married physical education teachers was higher than spiritual intelligence of the single ones. Conclusion: Moreover, there was a significant and positive relationship between each aspect of spiritual intelligence and effectiveness of the physical education teachers and similarly between their total spiritual intelligence and their effectiveness.
... Ou ela é somente uma expressão idiomática ou filosófica para expressar o conhecimento espiritual? (Emmons, 2000a;Hyde, 2004;Mayer, 2000;Vaughan, 2002). Esta discussão foi apresentada em edição especial realizada pelo International Journal for the Psychology of Religion em 2000, com maior evidência para os autores Gardner (2000) e Emmons (2000a. ...
... Nos trabalhos acadêmicos que envolvem a inteligência espiritual os dois posicionamentos (domínio e inteligência) são amplamente encontrados, conduzindo a pontos de vista divergentes sobre o mesmo assunto. Entretanto, é importante frisar que os autores da inteligência espiritual a identificam como uma forma de inteligência, mesmo quando a abordam erroneamente pela perspectiva de um domínio (Chan & Siu, 2016;Hanefar et al., 2016;Hyde, 2004;Siswanti et al., 2018;Vaughan, 2002;Zohar & Marshall, 2000). ...
A inteligência espiritual tem assumido uma ambivalência referente a sua pertença nos estudos da inteligência humana ou filosófica. Para responder a esta questão, o presente estudo tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa teórica através da abordagem bola de neve, sobre os dois temas que a sustentam, a saber: a espiritualidade e a inteligência. O estudo desenvolve elementos teóricos que contribuam para as discussões em torno da inteligência espiritual, especialmente, no que se refere a tradução do termo na área da psicologia e da filosofia. Neste contexto, o quanto a espiritualidade diz respeito as reduções as crenças religiosas, teoricamente, têm atribuído à inteligência espaços teóricos e empíricos de avaliação geral ou múltipla, bem como, hereditária ou aprendida. De forma geral, reflete-se o tema em questão numa abordagem da Inteligência espiritual quanto capacidade cognitiva inerente a todos os indivíduos, que precisa de estímulos externos para seu desenvolvimento.
... За останні роки західні дослідники обґрунтували декілька концепцій духовного інтелекту, його структури, педагогічних умов розвитку та запропонували окремі інструменти вимірювання [4,[8][9][10][11]. ...
... Другий підхід, який умовно можна назвати індуктивним, передбачає включення до обсягу духовного інтелекту усіх чи багатьох здібностей, що утворюють духовне життя особистості. Такий підхід, на нашу думку, представлений роботами Р. Еммонса [4], К. Нобла, Ф. Вона [8]. Фактично, він передбачає структурування здібностей, навичок, компетентностей особистості в такі блоки, як екзистенційний (нагадаємо, такий вид інтелекту намагався виокремити і Говард Гарднер), моральний, ментальний, трансцендентний, вольовий тощо. ...
The article is devoted to the generalization of the concepts of spiritual intelligence in the interpretation of Western scientists. The author proposes to defer deductive concepts of spiritual intelligence when its structure is oriented to a basic value, and an inductive approach when the construction of spiritual intelligence is oriented to various spheres of human life, which are associated with spirituality to some extent.
... Estas discrepancias podrían explicarse por las diferencias de edades promedio de los participantes de ambas muestras. Las diferencias estadísticas reportadas, podrían deberse a diversos factores que modifican la inteligencia espiritual y contribuyen a su desarrollo, por ejemplo, la edad (25) , las experiencias espirituales en la vida (26) y las terapias espirituales (27) . ...
Introducción: Los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud tienen el deber de cuidar la salud humana, por tanto, se debe garantizar una formación humanística basada en el desarrollo y cultivo de la Inteligencia Espiritual.Objetivo: Conocer el perfil de Inteligencia Espiritual y sus factores asociados en estudiantes peruanos de ciencias de la salud.Método: Estudio transversal, que incluyó 418 estudiantes de las carreras de enfermería, medicina, odontología, obstetricia y farmacia, seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Mediante una encuesta virtual se recogieron variables socioeducativas y religiosas-espirituales; el perfil de Inteligencia Espiritual fue valorado con la Escala de Inteligencia Espiritual en la Practica Sanitaria. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y multivariado mediante modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson para evaluar ciertos factores asociados al perfil saludable de Inteligencia Espiritual. Resultados: De los participantes el 21,1% mantienen un perfil saludable de Inteligencia Espiritual; asimismo en la dimensión Vivencia Espiritual en la Práctica (14,1%), Pensamiento Existencial (18,9%), Consciencia Trascendental (15,3%). Se asociaron a mayor perfil saludable de Inteligencia Espiritual, el considerarse una persona espiritual (RPa = 4,77; IC95%: 1,98-11,4) y practicar la oración diaria (RPa = 3,02; IC95%: 1,54-5,92) y de manera semanal (RPa = 2,30; IC95%: 1,12-4,72). No obstante, se identificaron diversas variables que presentaron asociación no ajustada con el perfil saludable de Inteligencia Espiritual. Conclusiones: La proporción de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud con un perfil saludable de Inteligencia Espiritual, es baja; existen ciertos factores asociados modificables que podrían mejorar la Inteligencia Espiritual.
... He later added existential intelligence to his theory. Emmons (2000aEmmons ( , 2000b and Vaughan (2002) began to RUNNING HEAD: MOVING TO SECOND TIER WITH SQ21 -DRAFT 5 explore the concept of SQ around the same time that Wigglesworth began to develop her model of spiritual intelligence. Wilber (2006) wrote a book about integral spirituality, and a few years later, both Zohar (2012) and Wigglesworth (2012a) published books devoted to the topic of spiritual intelligence. ...
The momentous leap to second tier is supported by maturing our spiritual intelligence. Key SQ21 competencies and practices support SQ development, which act as a springboard toward later stages of adult development. This paper focuses on specific competencies such as complexity of inner thought, discernment between ego and higher self, welcoming different worldviews, experience of transcendent oneness, and keeping higher self in charge, as related to stages in Cook-Greuter’s Ego-development model. The focus will be on the capacities required to move to post-conventional stages of 4/5 (self-questioning) and 5 (self-actualizing), with special emphasis on the movement between 4/5 and 5.
Keywords: spiritual intelligence, ego development, vertical development
... The usual surveys will not work, since individuals struggle to articulate far-future visions that reside in their tacit and, consequently, partially unconscious, knowledge (e.g., Holt et al., 1984;Kärkkäinen et al., 2001;Scharmer, 2016;Wolf et al., 2023). Ample research on scenario development proposes that visionary self-transcending visionary knowledge becomes embodied through aesthetic creative experience (Nishida, 1987;Kappler, 1993;Scharmer, 2001Scharmer, , 2016Vaughan, 2002;Rosch, 2008;Nonaka and Toyoma, 2007;Hall, 2008). To envision far-future life worlds, scholars propose the artistic creation of fictional futures (Atance and O'Neill, 2001), which allows for synchronicity between reflection and action (Scharmer, 2001) and phronetic experience from generative dialogue (Nonaka and Toyoma, 2007). ...
This research paper presents an innovative citizen science approach that empowers high school students to express their concerns about climate change and envision far-future scenarios. By combining climate fiction research from the humanities with insights from far-future scenario development in the management sciences, the study explores the potential of involving citizens in speculative fiction creation. The study, conducted with 152 Danish high school students, investigates the assumption that citizen engagement in narrative building can enhance climate change speculation, including the envisioning of desirable futures and identification of potential pitfalls. The findings reveal that the submitted stories predominantly reflect negative expectations of the future, employing familiar dystopian storytelling techniques. Taken together, the stories underscore the necessity of incumbent actors, such as policy makers and business leaders, acknowledging the far-future scenarios presented. The stories highlight the need for societal cooperation and mutual understanding as crucial foundations for effective technological and policy interventions in addressing climate change. This research underscores the significance of providing young individuals with a platform to articulate their climate concerns and offers insights into leveraging citizen perspectives for shaping a sustainable future.
... In Islamic religious education, role-playing and drama activities can also be used to investigate interpersonal skills and ethical scenarios (Vaughan, 2002). Students can engage in role-playing scenarios that involve conflict resolution, active listening exercises, and demonstrating empathy. ...
The purpose of the study is to reveal how the internalization of religious education values contributes to the development of students’ interpersonal intelligence. Methodology: This study employs a literature research approach. The search for scientific articles related to ‘internalization of religious education’ was conducted through Google, ScienceDirect, Emerald, and Tandfonline. Main findings: Islamic religious education contributes to the growth of students’ interpersonal intelligence through the internalization of religious values, educational experiences, the selection of role models, self-reflection, and a commitment to continuous learning. Applications of this study: Islamic religious education should prioritize moral values, prosocial behavior, empathy, cooperation, forgiveness, interfaith dialogue, togetherness, experiential learning, critical thinking, self-reflection, and respect for diversity novelty/originality of this study: This study introduces a novel approach by integrating Islamic education with the development of interpersonal intelligence.
... The increasing importance of organizational sustainability can be accessed because social, environmental and economic issues in an organization are growing reasons for the employee's unethical scandals (Willard, 2012). Spiritual intelligence focused on a deep understanding of existential questions and insight into multiple levels of consciousness (Vaughan, 2002). It goes beyond being connected to the transcendental ground of being, or commitment to a faith or form of practice, or devotion and relations to God. ...
... 14 Hence, spiritual intelligence as an ideal concept beyond context and human thought can help one to see things as they are, without self-distortions. 15 Similarly, Kass and Lenox inferred that living with spiritual progress facilitates the attainment of full human potential. 16 Also, according to the study by Rogers and Dantley, 17 spiritual intelligence is expressed as the root of thought and in advance of any accepted collections, structures, or categories during thinking. ...
Euthanasia is the most important ethical challenges in the entire field of medicine. Various factors may influence the medical students' attitudes toward euthanasia, including personal beliefs, values, and personality traits. This research aimed at examining spiritual intelligence as a moderator of the relationship between openness to experience and attitude toward euthanasia. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 219 medical students (85 men and 134 women) in Zahedan, Iran, in 2022, were selected by convenience sampling method and evaluated using the socio-demographic information form (including age, gender, and medical education level), Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, 24-item Brief HEXACO Inventory, and Euthanasia Attitude Scale, followed by using SPSS v25 for data analysis. The study results showed that openness to experience positively and spiritual intelligence negatively associated with attitude toward euthanasia. Also, the regression analysis revealed that spiritual intelligence had a moderating role in the relationship between openness to experience and attitude toward euthanasia. It seems that paying attention to personality differences and spiritual intelligence training among medical students can play an important role in changing their attitudes toward euthanasia.
... Possible explanation that there are conceptual similarities between some dimensions of SI and dimensions of mindfulness (Waldman et al., 2011). In this case, SI encompasses high degree of consciousness that is needed to integrate the inner essence of thought and soul with the external world (Vaughan, 2002). Sisk (2008) defined SI as "a deep consciousness through which a person becomes deeply conscious of the dimensions of his/herself". ...
... In the context of healthcare, the significance of spirituality and religiosity becomes evident as they contribute to the holistic well-being of patients (Büssing et al., 2007;Kharroubi & Elbarazi, 2023;Zimmer et al., 2016). Spirituality encompasses an individual's sense of meaning, purpose, and connection with the transcendent (Vaughan, 2002), while religiosity involves adherence to specific religious beliefs, practices, and rituals (Astrow et al., 2001). Spirituality and religiosity provide a framework for patients to find solace, hope, and meaning in times of illness or distress (Ardelt et al., 2008;Evans et al., 2018;Zimmer et al., 2016). ...
... Emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence are effective on organizational entrepreneurship (Javadi et al., 2012). Spiritual intelligence is a capacity for a deep understanding of existential questions and insight into multiple levels of consciousness (Vaughan, 2002). Team emotional intelligence has a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which can explain 43.9% of the variation of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (Chen & Yin, 2015). ...
It is considered that high emotional intelligence teams bring high innovation performance to team members by improving their creative self-efficacy, but there is a lack of empirical research on its mechanism and whether it is scientific. The study constructs the cross-level mechanism model of team emotional intelligence on employee creative self-efficacy and innovation performance, discusses how team emotional intelligence affects employees’ innovation performance, the mediating role of employee creative self-efficacy, and moderating role of team identity. The study uses multi-level data from multiple sources, namely, 50 teams and 250 team members from different firms in China. The results show that: Team emotional intelligence has a cross-level positive impact on employees’ innovation performance; Team emotional intelligence has a significant positive impact on creative self-efficacy, creative self-efficacy has a significant positive impact on employees’ innovation performance, and creative self-efficacy plays a mediating effect between team emotional intelligence and employees’ innovation performance; Team identity plays a positive moderating role between team emotional intelligence and creative self-efficacy.
... Spirituality is a form of intelligence that predicts functioning and adaptation, as demonstrated by correlations of spirituality with improved health or well-being [52,53]. Spiritual intelligence is the ability to create meaning based on a deep understanding of existential questions and awareness and to use multiple levels of consciousness in problem-solving [54], or as Wolman [55] suggested, "the human capacity to address the ultimate questions about the meaning of life, and to simultaneously experience the seamless connection between each of us and the world in which we live." In addition, according to Srivastava and Misra [56], spiritual intelligence assists people in any context (corporate, community, or family) to develop their spiritual awareness, capacity, and intelligence, use that intelligence to be more effective as individuals, and expand their ability to make a signi cant contribution to the endeavors of others. ...
Much research has focused on how emotional and spiritual intelligences promote well-being and help combat mental health issues. This comparative study, which was conducted in Israel and India with emerging adults enrolled in higher education, explored the relationship of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, anxiety and depression, and satisfaction with life. The results in Israel showed a positive correlation of emotional intelligence with satisfaction with life, but in India, only spiritual intelligence correlated positively with satisfaction with life. In both groups, female participants scored higher on all variables than male participants. We offer initial explanations for these results.
... Nitekim sekiz farklı zekâ alanından oluşan Gardner'in (2004) çoklu zekâ kuramındaki zekâ türlerine ek olarak "varoluşçu zekâ", "ahlaki zekâ", "duygusal zekâ" ve "ruhsal zekâ" gibi kavramların da birer zekâ alanı olabileceği alanyazında tartışılmaktadır. Bazı araştırmalarda gerek ruhsal zekâ (Emmons, 2000a;Emmons, 2000b;King ve DeCicco, 2009;Montgomery, 2013;Vaughan, 2002;Wolman, 2001) gerekse duygusal zekânın (Goleman, 1998;Shuler, 2004) Gardner'in çoklu zekâ kuramındaki zekâ türleri içerisinde zaten yer aldığı iddia edilse de bunun tersini savunan görüşler de bulunmaktadır. İhtilaflı da olsa özellikle ruhsal ve duygusal zekâ kavramlarının son yıllarda üzerinde ağırlıkla durulduğu görülmektedir. ...
Bu çalışmayla sosyal bilgiler öğretmeni adaylarının ruhsal ve duygusal zekâları ile akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek ve ayrıca ruhsal ve duygusal zekâ düzeylerini çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan genel tarama deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2022-2023 akademik yılı güz döneminde Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören 169 sosyal bilgiler öğretmeni adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonucunda sosyal bilgiler öğretmeni adaylarının akademik başarının iyi, ruhsal ve duygusal zekâ düzeylerinin ise yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların akademik başarıları ile ruhsal ve duygusal zekâ düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların ruhsal ve duygusal zekâ düzeylerinin cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farka sahip olduğu; duygusal zekâ düzeylerinin sınıf düzeyine göre anlamlı bir fark gösterdiği ancak ruhsal zekâ düzeylerinin sınıf değişenine göre anlamlı bir farka sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra katılımcıların ruhsal ve duygusal zekâlarının yaş, sosyoekonomik durum, ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi, internette geçirdikleri süre, TV izleme süresi ve doğup büyüdükleri yerleşim yeri değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir fark göstermediği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
... The capacity for transcendence of the physical and material; d. the ability to create meaning based on a deep understanding of the existential question; e. The interconnection of all and the transcendent (Emmons, 2000b;Vaughan, 2002). ...
Spiritual intelligence (SQ) promotes better health behavior and quality of life. Those with a higher level of spirituality live longer and are happier, satisfied with their job, and live more productive lives. The nature of SQ makes it attractive for Brunei's teachers. The SQ of an individual can be measured and developed. Therefore, the quality of SQ is necessary for teachers too. This article adapts the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) developed by King (2008) in Brunei Darussalam and examines Brunei's teachers' SQ. This study was one of the first in Brunei and secondary education. However, there exists a substantial controversy in the measurement of SQ. Hence, in this study, based on the review of various measures of SQ, it was decided to analyze the SISRI-24 developed by King (2008). The scale was initially developed and validated in Canada. A reliability study was conducted to identify whether the scale validly measures SQ in the Bruneian scenario. Supervisors and pilot studies authorized this instrument to obtain credibility among Brunei's teachers. According to the results, the overall reliability value was 0.832. In addition, the results of EFA revealed that the item communalities in the SISRI-24 ranged from 0.436 to 0.738. Based on these findings, the SISRI-24 questionnaires have high reliability. It is suitable for use among teachers in Brunei.
... Wigglesworth (2002) further emphasizes the spiritual aspects of leadership by stating that the individual can act with compassion and understanding while sustaining inner and outer composure, notwithstanding the situation. Therefore, it implies that spiritual intelligence (abbreviated as SI further) is a distinct intelligence that goes beyond psychological development and can also be developed with self-awareness (Vaughan, 2002). The three prominent frameworks of SI by Emmons (2000), Wolman (2001) and Cowan (2005) offered valuable insights for using these frameworks for developing leadership competencies. ...
Purpose
Higher education institutions aim for the holistic development of students to cope with the changing global context. The present study aims to devise a model of leadership development among higher education students by validating the model conceptually and testing it empirically. Attributes of Spiritual Intelligence (SI) are empirically evaluated for leadership development post its conceptual validation.
Design/methodology/approach
This article examined current theoretical frameworks and gaps in the literature. A total of 810 students were approached from Indian Higher education institutions for study. Data has been examined using the exploratory and then confirmatory factor analysis techniques to check the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument.
Findings
The empirical findings confirm that the eight new spiritual intelligence attributes defined and validated through this study can have a significant impact on the leadership development of higher education students.
Practical implications
Educational researchers have often found the construct of spiritual intelligence challenging to comprehend and implement in higher education institutions. The present study findings can be of great value to higher education institutions that will recognize the importance of spiritual values in holistic development including leadership development.
Originality/value
This paper initiates and validate a universal set of attributes of spiritual intelligence in the higher education domain that can be useful for leadership development. The uniqueness of this paper lies in the fact that the eight new attributes of SI defined are easy to comprehend and practical to use in daily academic life, and can be used by HEIs students irrespective of their spiritual beliefs. A validated model at one university could be replicated at other universities in India and around the world, not only for students but also for educators and administrators as well.
... According to Vaughan, spiritual intelligence depends on the capacity to see things from multiple perspectives, recognize connections between one's perceptions, beliefs, and behavior in life (Vaughan, 2002). Spiritual intelligence is the unique ability to perceive, feel, evaluate, create, and act beyond self-centered motives and towards spiritual meaning (Gan, 2008). ...
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on students' learning motivation. The research method employed in this study is quantitative with multiple linear regression analysis. The research was conducted at Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Indonesia Surabaya, and the findings indicate that emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence have a significant effect on students' learning motivation, accounting for 61.5% of the variance. Specifically, emotional intelligence has a 70.6% effect on learning motivation, while spiritual intelligence has a 76.9% effect. Research Contribution: This study highlights the importance of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence in influencing students' learning motivation at Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Indonesia Surabaya. Therefore, educational institutions, particularly Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Indonesia Surabaya, should focus on organizing student activities that promote the development of emotional and spiritual intelligence. Furthermore, educators should employ innovative teaching methods to enhance students' emotional and spiritual intelligence, ultimately leading to increased learning motivation among students.
... Spirituality can develop and enhance both the intrapersonal and interpersonal competences which are important for enhancing self-leadership capacity. Vaughan (2002) states that people who have high spiritual intelligence have more tolerant, honest and emphatic attitudes and behaviors in their lives. It is important for students to develop self-leadership by increasing spiritual intelligence for their future lives, when they become leaders and entrepreneurs. ...
Background: Entrepreneurship plays a strategic role in increasing a country's economic growth and can also provide new jobs so that it can reduce the number of unemployed. Objective: To reveal the effect of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and social intelligence on entrepreneurial intention through self-leadership as a mediating variable. Method: The study used a quantitative approach with survey methods, the sample consisted of 107 final year students majoring in informatics and computer at STMIK Bina Patria consisting of 48 males and 59 females. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and analyzed by using Partial Least Square (PLS). Results: Emotional intelligence influenced self-leadership. Spiritual intelligence influenced significantly on self-leadership. Social intelligence influenced self-leadership. Emotional intelligence influenced entrepreneurship intention. Self-leadership influenced directly on entrepreneurship intention. Social intelligence influenced directly entrepreneurship intention. Meanwhile, self-leadership can successfully mediate the influence of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and social intelligence on entrepreneurship intention. Conclusions: The results showed that emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and spiritual intelligence influenced the entrepreneurship intention mediated by self-leadership. This is an empirical confirmation of the strategic role of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and social intelligence in developing self-leadership to influence the entrepreneurial intention of the students.
... Günümüzde özellikle de son yıllarda uluslararası ölçekte -duygusal zekâ‖ (EQ) ve -ruhsal zekâ‖ (SQ) kavramlarına eğitim alanındaki çalıĢmalarda sıklıkla yer verildiği ve bu zekâ türlerinin akademik baĢarıyla iliĢkisinin incelendiği görülmektedir. Konuyla ilgili birtakım araĢtırmacılar, Gardner'in çoklu zekâ teorisinde yer alan zekâ türlerinin ruhsal zekâya ait özellikleri de karĢıladığını (Amram, 2007;Emmons, 2000;King ve DeCicco, 2009;Montgomery, 2013;Vaughan, 2002;Wolman, 2001); bazı araĢtırmacılar ise Gardner'in ortaya koyduğu içsel zekâ ve sosyal zekâ türlerinin duygusal zekâ açısından büyük önem taĢıdığını vurgulamaktadır (Goleman, 1996;Shuler, 2004). Nihayetinde Gardner'in çoklu zekâ teorisi içerisinde yer alsın veya almasın gerek duygusal zekâ gerekse ruhsal zekâ türlerinin akademik baĢarı üzerinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiĢtir (Perez vd., 2012). ...
The banking segment is the engine of any nation's economy. The economic status of any nation rest on how stable their banking industry is. In other words, any issue that affects banks also has an impact on the economy of the nation. This study assess the implication of treasury single account on banks in Nigeria; a study of first bank of Nigeria PLC. A sample of 200 participants were randomly selected across 50 branches of first banks in Plateau, Ondo, Bayelsa, Bauchi, Kaduna and Enugu state. Primary and secondary data were used for this study. Descriptive statistics such as percentage was used to analyse the socio-demographic variable of the respondents in this study and inferential statistics such as regression and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data to test the three hypotheses in this study with the aid of SPSS version 25 software. The results revealed that TSA policy which seeks to reduce FG Deposit in the commercial banks has significantly reduce the level of banks liquidity. TSA policy which seeks to reduce FG Deposit in the commercial banks has significantly reduce Commercial Banks Deposit Mobilization TSA policy which seeks to reduce FG Deposit in the commercial banks has significantly reduce Loans and Advances. The study recommends that government should secure as soon as possible the appropriate legislative support to facilitate the relevant regulatory environment which will drive the effective implementation of the TSA in the states and local governments in order to promote accountability and transparency at all levels of government and the banks should avoid over-reliance of government funds and source for funds from other sectors of the economy among other recommendations were made.
... There are many definitions of intelligence, but intelligence is typically defined as a person's ability to adapt to the environment and learn through experience (Sternberg, 2005;Vaughan, 2002). ...
Objective: This thesis research is a descriptive study conducted to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence and postpartum depression risk and the factors affecting it.Methods: The research was carried out between April 1 - September 30, 2018 at Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Obstetrics Clinic. The universe of the study consisted of women (N = 624) who gave birth between April 1 and September 30, 2018. The sample of the study consisted of 193 women who delivered at the Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital's Obstetrics Clinic, agreed to participate in the research and complied with the research criteria. In the first meeting, the participants were applied “Participant Diagnosis Form” and “Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale” and in the second meeting, “Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale” was applied in 6-8 weeks after birth. In the study, t-test was used in independent groups for differences in two-group variables, and ANOVA analysis was used in determining the differences in variables with more than two groups. Tukey analysis was used to determine which two groups differ from the variables determined as a result of ANOVA analysis. All analyzes were carried out through SPSS for Windows V25.0 package program.Results: In the study, the risk of postpartum depression was found to be 10.88%. No statistically significant relationship was found between postpartum depression risk and emotional intelligence (p> 0.05). There is a positive and weak relationship between the risk of postpartum depression and the evaluation of emotions from the sub-dimensions of emotional intelligence (p <0.05). There is no relationship between postpartum depression risk and emotional intelligence sub-dimensions, optimism and the use of emotions (p> 0.05). A statistically significant relationship was found between postpartum depression risk and relationships with spouse and marital satisfaction (p <0.05).Conclusion: At the end of the study, no significant relationship was found between emotional intelligence and postpartum depression. However, there are many studies in the world literature regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental well-being. In our country, studies are needed in different groups.
... Thirdly, in terms of Gardner's (1983Gardner's ( /2011Gardner's ( , 1999 theory of multiple intelligences, spiritual intelligence and existential intelligence are closely interconnected. Both intelligences are concerned with meaning in life, transcendental values, and the spiritual/existential dimension (Halama & Stríženec 2004;Vaughan, 2002). Regarding wellbeing, spiritual intelligence is a constituent of SW and existential intelligence is a constituent of EW. ...
In this brief commentary, I make the case that spiritual wellbeing and existential wellbeing can be synthesized into a spiritual-existential wellbeing (SEW).
(In: International Journal of Existential Positive Psychology, Vol. 12, no. 1)
... Earlier, Emmons (1999) defined spirituality as the search for, and the experience of elements of sacred meaning, higher consciousness, and transcendence, SI entails the abilities that draw on such spiritual themes to predict functioning and adaptation and to produce valuable products or outcomes. Zohar & Marshall (2000) stress the utility of SI in solving problems of meaning, value, and those of an existential nature, concurring with Vaughan (2002) and Wolman (2001). Looking at spirituality through the lens of intelligence, Emmons (1999) writes, "SI is a framework for identifying and organizing skills and abilities needed for the adaptive use of spirituality" (p. ...
This study examined whether, Spiritual Intelligence (SI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be considered as predictor for Mental Health (MH). Also, this study explored the moderating effects of gender on the link between SI and EI with MH among high school students. The participants in the study were 247 high school students, (124 male and 123 female, in the age range between 14-17 years old) at the Gorgan City, north of Iran. The research design was an ex post facto and tested the alternative hypotheses. Three valid and reliable instruments were used to assess SI, EI and MH. Descriptive statistics, multiple and moderated regression analysis were used to analyses the data. The result demonstrated that MH can be influence by SI and EI. In addition, the moderating effect of gender on the relationship of SI and EI with MH was not established.
Artikel ini membehas tentang pengertian, pentingnya sarapan, kecerdasan intelektual dan metode muroja’ah. Metode penulisan artikel menggunakan metode deskriptif, kegiatan dilakukan di pondok pesantren YPPTQMH dengan cara sharing dan diskusi secara langsung. Sarapan merupakan kegiatan yang penting sebelum melakukan aktivitas fisik pada pagi hari. Sarapan adalah kegiatan mengkosumsi makanan yang mengandung gizi seimbang dan memenuhi 20% - 25% dari kebutuhan energy total dalam sehari yang dilakukan di pagi hari sebelum kegitan belajar. Sarapan yang baik mengandung unsur empat sehat lima sempurna. Tubuh sangat membutuhkan asupan energi yang banyak karena pada pagi hari seseorang akan melakukan banyak aktivitas. Kecerdasan intelektual yang dimili manusia sebagaimana yang ada dalam Al-Qur’an menggambarkan secara real bahwa manusia diciptakan oleh Allah diberikan potensi yang luar biasa berupa akal dan fikiran yang mana akan memberikan perbedaan manusia dengan makluk Allah yang lainnya. Kemampuan kognitif pada itelegensi yang dapat menyesuaikan diri pada lingkungan yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik. Metode muroja’ah dilakukan dengan cara mengulang sendiri dan mengulang dalam shalat. Muroja’ah merupakan metode dalam memelihara hafalan Al-Qur’an supaya tetap terjaga dan bertambah lancar.
تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة القيادة الذكية ودورها في تحقيق التراصف الاستراتيجي وذلك عن طريق استطلاع اراء عينه من الموظفين في دائرة احصاء النجف الاشرف. لقد تحددت مشكله الدراسة بعدد من التساؤلات كان اهمها ما هو دور (القيادة الذكية في تحقيق التراصف الاستراتيجي) لدى الموظفين في مديرية احصاء النجف ؟ وما مدى اهميتها لهم. ويمثل مجتمع الدراسة (في دائرة احصاء النجف الاشرف) اذ بلغ عدد الاستبانات الموزعة (61) استبانة. من مجموع (61) استبانة تم استرجاعها. و الدراسة الحالية سعت لاختيار عدد من الفرضيات الرئيسية والفرعية المتعلقة بعلاقات الارتباط وعلاقات التأثير بين متغيرات الدراسة. وذلك للإجابة عن التساؤلات المتعلقة بمشكله الدراسة والوصول الى الاهداف الموضوعة ولأجل معالجه البيانات استعملت العديد من الاساليب الإحصائية ( المتوسط الحسابي، والتحليل العاملي التوكيدي والاستكشافي) باستخدام البرنامج الاحصائي SPSS25 وبرنامج Smart p l s . وتوصلت الدراسة الى اولا وجود فجوة معرفية حول تفسير طبيعية العلاقة بين متغير القيادة الذكية والمتمثل بالمتغير المستقل والمتغير التابع التراصف الاستراتيجي. وثانيا توصلت الدراسة الحالية الى عده نتائج كان اهمها ان متغير القيادة الذكية يرتبط ويؤثر بمتغير التراصف الاستراتيجي
This study attempts to explain the influence of the career system, motivation, and discipline on the performance of foundation lecturers at private tertiary institutions in the Province of Bali through job-insecurity. The objects of observation were four large private tertiary institutions in Denpasar, namely: Warmadewa University, National Education University, Mahasaraswati University, Ngurah Rai University, and Mahendradatta University. From the five universities, 40 foundation lecturers were selected, so the number of respondents = 200 foundation lecturers. The analytical method used is the structural equation model (SEM), with exogenous variables: career system, motivation and work discipline; endogenous variables: lecturer performance; and the intervening variable: job-insecurity. Research findings and results show that: (1) a good career system has a significant positive effect on the performance of PTS foundation lecturers; (2) motivation to become lecturers with higher quality has a significant positive effect on the performance of PTS foundation lecturers; (3) work discipline has no significant effect on the performance of PTS foundation lecturers; (4) the career system has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (5) motivation has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (6) work discipline has no significant effect on job-insecurity; and (7) job-insecurity has a significant negative effect on the performance of PTS foundation lecturers in Bali Province. (3) work discipline has no significant effect on the performance of PTS foundation lecturers; (4) the career system has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (5) motivation has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (6) work discipline has no significant effect on job-insecurity; and (7) job-insecurity has a significant negative effect on the performance of PTS foundation lecturers in Bali Province. (3) work discipline has no significant effect on the performance of PTS foundation lecturers; (4) the career system has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (5) motivation has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (6) work discipline has no significant effect on job-insecurity; and (7) job-insecurity has a significant negative effect on the performance of PTS foundation lecturers in Bali Province.
The present modern age of scientific advancement has enhanced our understanding of the external world, yet barely touched and understood the inner world of an individual. A crucial shift is taking place in the current paradigm of the education system from looking at the world as physical beings to a new paradigm mediating our understanding of the world by beliefs and values. This paradigm shift in the education system makes the role of the teacher inevitable. Teacher also requires basic training in dealing with the students in sensitive issues like gender issues, biases, and conflicts, and dealing with their emotional needs. Teacher educators play an important role in transforming society by bringing betterment in student's life and creating a conducive environment in society by creating well-informed and emotionally and spiritually intelligent human beings. This paper is an inquiry into the development of spiritual intelligence among teacher educators in order to make them effective. It focuses on the current practices in the realms of teacher education useful in developing spiritual intelligence.
هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف الى مستوى الذكاء الروحي والشغف الاكاديمي والتحقق من العلاقة الارتباطية بينهما والكشف عن الفروق في الذكاء الروحي والشغف الاكاديمي وفقا لمتغير الجنس
Pendidikan Islam yang idealnya mampu mengembangkan tiga kecerdasan tersebut malah cenderung untuk mengembangkan salah satu dari kecerdasan tersebut. Hal tersebut dapat ditinjau dari berbagai yang berkaitan dengan rendahnya kecerdasan emosional dan spiritual. Kecerdasan spiritual dan emosioanl tersebut dapat digali dari kisah para Nabi dan rasul. Penelitian merupakan penelitian kepustakaan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis tafsir tematik. Sumber penelitian adalah tafsir Furqan karya A. Hassan, Tafsir al-Qur’an karim Karya Mahmud Yunus, dan al-Qur’an dan Maknanya karya Quraish Shihab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tafsir tematik kisah Nabi zakariya dan nilai-nilai Spiritual-religius dalam kisah tersebut. Hasil penelitian mennjelaskan bahwa kisah nabi zakariya terdapat pada 22 ayat yang tersebar dalam empat surat yaitu Q.S. ali Imran, Q.S. al-an’ am, Q.S. Maryam, dan Q.S. al-Anbiya. Adapun nilai-nilai spiritual-religius yang terdapat kisah tersebut yaitu tawakkal, sabar, dzikrullah.
Background:
Ferrucci, a philosopher and psychotherapist, presented an original three-factor aesthetic intelligence concept in his book "Beauty and Soul" (2009). The subject of this article is the presentation of work on the construction of a scale for measuring one of the three dimensions of aesthetic intelligence, the ability to integrate beauty (AIB). This is probably the first attempt to empirically operationalize this concept.
Methods:
The three independent studies were carried out with a total of 604 participants. The aim of the first study was to develop the AIBS scale and to test its factor structure. During Study 2 and Study 3, we verified the AIBS structure through the confirmatory analysis and checked its convergent and discriminant validity.
Results:
The outcomes indicate that a one-factor, and seven-item tool is characterized by very good psychometric properties. Moreover, the results suggest that the AIB is indeed positively related to the perception of artworks (6 dimensions of an aesthetic experience), regulation of emotions through artistic creative activities, as well as to aesthetic competencies in art. The AIB is indeed positively related to the greater intensity of light triad traits (humanism, kantianism, faith in humanity) and to the development of the individual in five areas of spirituality. AIB is also only slightly related to the search for meaning and to one dimension of well-being, which is satisfaction and the sense of power.
Spirituality is a broad and multidimensional concept, while spiritual intelligence (SI) is an important prerequisite for the psychological health and social functioning of the individual. This article theoretically frames a psycho-pedagogical intervention (PPI) program for the development of SI in primary school students (age 7–10) in Latvia, describing the conceptual and procedural principles of the program. According to the literature, PPI is considered the most efficient form of instruction that, integrated into the learning process, may facilitate the rapid development of children in various fields. The article introduces the concept of SI and substantiates the theoretical model of SI in children. It discusses the types and functions of intervention programs; the main conditions for elaborating PPI; and reflects on the content, structure, and methods of a program applied to develop SI. The procedural dimensions of the PPI and the preparation of teachers to implement a given program are described. It is hoped that this study and its continuation may inspire the integration of the PPI into educational systems in other countries.
Previous research in the area of school leadership indicates that current models of
management are falling short of equipping school leaders with the skills required to
meet the demands of 21st century schools. Nowhere in the world is this more evident
than in South Africa, where transformation of the education system since democracy
in 1994, has been slow - eroded by weak management, bureaucratic management
structures and policy overload. Nowadays, effective, intelligent leaders are those who
respond to challenges utilising different intelligences. For these reasons, this study
draws on leadership intelligence (LQ) theory and proposes that a holistic
understanding of intelligence, known as leadership intelligence (LQ), can be a useful
theoretical approach to effective school leadership in a South African school context.
LQ refers to how leaders need to make logical decisions (IQ), manage their own and
their team’s emotions (EQ) and express their desires and passions (SQ); focusing on
the balance between these three intelligences.
“How can a leadership intelligence (LQ) development course empower the leadership
team of a township school to lead more intelligently?” is the fundamental question in
this study. To illustrate this, I employed a participatory action research (PAR) design
to explore the perceived changes in the LQ of a school management team (SMT) in a
township school. In attending a three-week long LQ intervention, and using a LQ
questionnaire (LIQ) as a pre- and post-intervention technique, the SMT as research
collaborators, wrote about their learning in journals before finally devising action plans.
In using inductive reasoning, I explored the participant’s journals and action plans, by
looking for patterns then allocating codes before eventually identifying common
themes. What emerged as a result of the thematic analysis, were three predominate
themes of autonomy, empathy, and communication. These prevailing themes were
then discussed, illuminating some of the challenges facing school leadership in
township schools and was evidence of their growing LQ. The findings point to the
impact of hierarchical structures and autocracy prevalent in schools as obstacles to
the participants who are working towards accessing their LQ skills. Furthermore, while
the results of this study have shed light on the fields of school leadership in a South
African township school and leadership intelligence (LQ), the PAR approach has also
contributed to research in school leadership development in South Africa as a
suggested avenue for future research.
Spiritual intelligence (SI) has been gaining popularity as a concept among academicians and the general public since its inception. In the COVID world, many people are suffering from the problems of stress, anxiety and depression, and SI presents a promising solution. It is often confused with spirituality. We tried to highlight their difference by separately defining them. Though many attempts have been made to conceptualize SI by researchers worldwide, efforts to define it from Nichiren Buddhism are limited. This study aims to fill this gap. It’s an exploratory study based on qualitative research methods using ‘Gosho’ as the data source. Inductive content analysis is used to analyze the data. A total of seven themes emerged for SI, suggesting that we can achieve “absolute happiness”. Further, a multilayered model is proposed to represent the themes. This article discusses the implications of SI for conscious leadership and ends with future research directions.
The endeavor to produce a book such as this Highlighting Education Simulacrum in Pandemic through Contemporary Research, is an extensive thought of personal task. Many colleagues from the education and nursing communities have inspired me to write something which could be my legacy as a researcher with experience in practice and education.
The recent situation of pandemic commences the love for research towards education as it viewed the system in the new context. Numerous challenges and significant circumstances arose as we go through with education in the new normal milieu. As a researcher, those would be potential research topics aiming to produce varied and substantial outcomes.
The book is arranged according to chapters which are as follows:
I. Teaching Interventions
II. School Governance
III. Teachers’ Welfare
IV. Learners’ Welfare
It is hoped that the use of this book would contribute to the improvement of research culture and in educational sector as well. This will also serve as findings dissemination of the researches conducted in this time of pandemic. Teachers should always be equipped with real-time evidence-based practices to capacitate themselves with a strong knowledge, competent skills, and an altruistic and humble attitude.
From a firm growth perspective, small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) that incorporate more innovation-focused activities into their main business strategy may benefit from lower costs, reduced risks, and new business opportunities. However, irresponsible innovation may jeopardise the process of their long-term survival. Thus, the goal of this study is to get a deeper understanding of a holistic ambidextrous innovation model based on a big data strategy that bridges the gap between desired innovation outputs and government support. This conceptual study takes into account a variety of literature evaluations from the fields of strategic management and entrepreneurship, as well as a new issue of spirituality in business strategy. Almost 303 articles have been determined to be relevant to the topic. The study's findings established a holistic ambidextrous innovation paradigm for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. In this regard, the direction may help enterprises differentiate themselves and compete more effectively.
Background and Aim: Most organizations emphasize the importance of employees as their most important asset. The development of psychology has played an important role, especially in relation to various indicators of employees' mental health, such as spirituality at work.In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational health of the staff of the University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Sports and Youth of Babol. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all employees of the University of Medical Sciences and the Department of Sports and Youth of Babol. Simple and stratified random sampling method was selected using 35 Krejcie and Morgan table.Simple and stratified random sampling method using Krejcie and Morgan table, 356 people were selected.Data collection tools included two questionnaires of King (2008) spiritual intelligence and Hui and Fieldman (1996) organizational health questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by several professors of sports management and psychology and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.84 and 0.90, respectively.In order to test the research hypotheses, Pearson correlation analysis and independent t-test were used using SPSS 24 software. Results: The results showed that the employees of both departments had above-average spiritual intelligence and organizational health. Also, there was a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational health of employees of Babol University of Medical Sciences and Babol Sports and Youth Administration (r=0.436, P<0.01) and finally there was no significant difference between organizational health and spiritual intelligence of employees of these two organizations. Conclusion: The results showed that considering the role of human resources in achieving the strategic goals of organizations, the factors affecting the motivational, attitudinal and behavioral variables of employees should be considered.
The study aimed at identifying the relationship between spiritual
intelligence and religiosity among the students of Mutah University.The
study sample consisted of 426 male and female students selected by the
simple random method. After applying the spiritual intelligence and
religiosity instruments on the sample, the results showed no differences in
the level of spiritual intelligence attributed to student gender or the
interaction between gender and college. There were differences: however,
in the level of spiritual intelligence attributed to the college in favor of
students in the scientific colleges. The results also showed no differences in
the level of religiosity attributed to student or the interaction between
gender and college. But there were differences in the level of religiosity
attributed to the college in favor of students in the scientific colleges. In
addition, the result showed that there was a significant direct relation
between Spiritual Intelligence and religiosity. Finally, the study came out
with a set of recommendations
[presents a] review of the psychology of religion / finds that some of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century have directed attention to religious experience / conceptualizes that there are 2 trends in [the psychology of religion]: the descriptive and the explanatory / the descriptive method accepts religious expression on its own terms and resists the reification into narrow categories of institutional religiosity / the explanatory approach seeks to understand religious experience on the basis of psychological, biological, and environmental constituents / advocates developing a comprehensive view that prompts a relativistic stance to religious expression
recommends that clinicians become as broadly acquainted as possible with various perspectives and cautions against the use of a simple formula to explicate religious experience / reminds that the appeal of certain theories may reflect the individual's own personal experience of religion / perspectives that [the author] introduces may provide a heuristic tool for understanding an individual's religious experience (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
This book is a clarion call for an expanded vision of human possibilities. In it, many of the best thinkers of our day ask us to renew the perennial search for self-knowledge and to discover the deeper meaning of our lives. For this, they offer the transpersonal perspective -- which extends beyond consciousness in its myriad forms, including altered states, yoga, dreams, and contemplation. This marriage of psychology and science with the spiritual traditions has borne ripe fruit: the transpersonal vision, which offers a uniquely generous and encompassing view of human nature. The fifty essays that make up Paths Beyond Ego apply transpersonal thinking to individual growth, psychotherapy, meditation, dreams, psychedelics, science, ethics, philosophy, ecology, and service. The result is an integrated and comprehensive overview of the many dimensions of human experience. In clear, accessible writing, the contributors suggest that our potential for enhancing human abilities is much greater than previously suspected and that our tools for this grand undertaking are widely available today. The transpersonal vision offers great hope for the future -- and links us to the timeless wisdom of the ages.
The evolution of American spirituality over the past fifty years is the subject of Robert Wuthnow's engrossing new book. Wuthnow uses in-depth interviews and a broad range of resource materials to show how Americans, from teenagers to senior citizens, define their spiritual journeys. His findings are a telling reflection of the changes in beliefs and lifestyles that have occurred throughout the United States in recent decades. Wuthnow reconstructs the social and cultural reasons for an emphasis on a spirituality of dwelling (houses of worship, denominations, neighborhoods) during the 1950s. Then in the 1960s a spirituality of seeking began to emerge, leading individuals to go beyond established religious institutions. In subsequent chapters Wuthnow examines attempts to reassert spiritual discipline, encounters with the sacred (such as angels and near-death experiences), and the development of the 'inner self'. His final chapter discusses a spirituality of practice, an alternative for people who are uncomfortable within a single religious community and who want more than a spirituality of endless seeking. The diversity of contemporary American spirituality comes through in the voices of the interviewees. Christians, Jews, Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus, and Native Americans are included, as are followers of occult practices, New Age religions, and other eclectic groups. Wuthnow also notes how politicized spirituality, evangelical movements, and resources such as Twelve-Step programs and mental health therapy influence definitions of religious life today. Wuthnow's landmark book, "The Restructuring of American Religion" (1988), documented the changes in institutional religion in the United States; now "After Heaven" explains the changes in personal spirituality that have come to shape our religious life. Moreover, it is a compelling and insightful guide to understanding American culture at century's end.
This article reports a qualitative research study of the experience of inspiration in ordinary persons. Results gleaned from analysis of 70 in-depth interviews suggest that this phenomenon is a significant and distinct epistemic event that many people experience. As such, this evidence may help to shift the center of gravity of knowing away from the exclusivity of a narrow form of rational empiricism. Although inspiration cannot be willed, it may be cultivated. Experiences described as the absence of inspiration seem to correspond to common mental health complaints.
[This book] traces the course of evolution from matter to life to mind, and describes the common patterns that evolution takes in all 3 of these domains. In each case, evolution has a "direction," a tendency to produce more highly organized patterns. The "spirit of evolution" lies in its directionality: order out of chaos.
After arriving at the emergence of mind, Wilber traces the evolution of human consciousness through its major stages of growth and development, pointing out that at each stage there is the "dialectic of progress"—every increase in consciousness is bought at a price. He particularly focuses on the rise of modernity and postmodernity [and] how the modern and postmodern world can even conceive of Spirit. How can spiritual concerns be integrated with the massive developments of the modern world. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Provides specific exercises designed to help persons realize their own intuitive powers and examines the role of intuition in creativity and problem solving. An overview of recent research in this area is included. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
In preparing "Paths Beyond Ego" we had several aims. First, we wanted to provide an easily readable introduction [to the field of transpersonal psychology and its applications in psychotherapy and other settings]. Transpersonal studies are of potential interest to an exceptionally wide range of people, from medical and mental health practitioners, researchers, and clinicians to social scientists, philosophers, theologians, and spiritual practitioners. We therefore wanted to provide a clear introduction to the field that required a minimum of specialized knowledge and would be accessible to readers from diverse backgrounds.
Within the available space we sought to provide as comprehensive an overview as possible. Therefore, we tried to include outstanding reviews of all the major transpersonal areas.
In addition to an introduction and overview, we also wanted to provide an integration of the field. We therefore chose articles of broad integrative scope and attempted to write introductions that point to connections and common themes wherever possible. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The life we are given
- M Murphy
- G Leonard
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The marriage of sense and soul
- K Wilber
Wilber, K. (1998). The marriage of sense and soul. New York: Random
House.
Essential spirituality
- R Walsh
Walsh, R. (1999). Essential spirituality. New York: John Wiley.
Grassroots spirituality
- R Forman
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Institute. Hastings on the Hudson, NY: Forge Institute.
The physical and psychological effects of meditation
- M Murphy
- S Donovan
Murphy, M., & Donovan, S. (1999). The physical and psychological effects of
meditation (2nd ed.). Sausalito, CA: Institute of Noetic Sciences.
Spiritual influences in healing and psychotherapy
- P S Richards
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Award Address, Division 36, American Psychological Association. Psychology of Religion Newsletter, 25(1), 1-6.
What really matters: Searching for wisdom in Amer-ica Meditation: Classic and contempo-rary perspectives Do drugs have religious import? Paths beyond ego: The transpersonal vision
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Visions of innocence: Spiritual and inspirational experiences of childhood
- E Hoffman
Hoffman, E. (1992). Visions of innocence: Spiritual and inspirational experiences of childhood. Boston: Shambhala.
Inner transformation and outer behavior
- D Fontana
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Balancing heaven and earth
- R Johnson
Johnson, R. (1998). Balancing heaven and earth. San Francisco:
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Humanistic psychology and ecopsychology. The Human-istic Psychologist
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Knowledge and the sacred Talks with Ramana Maharshi
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The synthesis of yoga
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Aurobindo Ashram Press.
The five stages of the soul
- Ma Springfield
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Shadows of the sacred: Seeing through spiritual illusions
- F Vaughan
Vaughan, F. (1995). Shadows of the sacred: Seeing through spiritual illusions. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books.
Boundless heart: The four immeasurables
- A Wallace
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Spiritual beliefs and the dying process
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Talks with Ramana Maharshi
- Ramana Maharshi
Ramana Maharshi. (2000). Talks with Ramana Maharshi. Carlsbad, CA:
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Integrating spirituality in the healthcare setting
- P Boyle
Boyle, P. (1999). Integrating spirituality in the healthcare setting. Park
Ridge Center Bulletin, 7, 2.
Do drugs have religious import? Paths beyond ego: The transpersonal vision
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Smith, H. (1993). Do drugs have religious import? In R. Walsh &
F. Vaughan (Eds.), Paths beyond ego: The transpersonal vision (pp. 91-
93). Los Angeles: Tarcher/Putnam.
What really matters: Searching for wisdom in America
- T Schwartz
Schwartz, T. (1995). What really matters: Searching for wisdom in America. New York: Bantam.
Multiple intelligences
- H Gardner
- D Goleman
Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
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Doubleday Anchor. 32 What Is Spiritual Intelligence?
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What Is Spiritual Intelligence?