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System-system interaction in computerized indexing of visual materials: A selected review
Abstract
International computerized indexing systems jor visual materials are discussed. The systems included were among the best in the literature jor their time or have signijicant potential and represent the state of the art in their respective countries. Technologies available jor reproducing images are also investigated, highlighting videotex, videodisc, and digital storage. Theinter- jacing oj these technologies with each other and with online, postcoordinate retrieval systems could jacilitate the ultimate achievement in visual indexing.
... The second problem is the shortage of standardization by which subject indexing of images may be guided. 64 Barring unforeseen advances in retrieval software, controlled vocabularies are likely to be important tools for retrieving multimedia information. Controlled vocabularies for multimedia materials are likely to be textual; however, it is possible that information units may be described by iconic or other symbolic representation methods. ...
A multimedia computer system is one that can create, import, integrate, store, retrieve, edit, and delete two or more types of media materials in digital form, such as audio, image, full-motion video, and text information. This paper surveys four possible types of multimedia computer systems: hypermedia, multimedia database, multimedia message, and virtual reality systems. The primary focus is on advanced multimedia systems development projects and theoretical efforts that suggest long-term trends in this increasingly important area. Citation: Charles W. Bailey, Jr., "Intelligent Multimedia Computer Systems: Emerging Information Resources in the Network Environment," Library Hi Tech 8, no. 1 (1990): 29-41, https://doi.org/10.1108/eb047780. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Intelligent Multimedia Computer Systems: Emerging Information Resources in the Network Environment." Library Hi Tech 8, no. 1 (1990): 29-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb047780.
Visual thesauri and their applications to collection management incorporate a complex mix of political, economic and systems design Issues. This paper describes and compares printed visual dictionaries and current state-of-the art visual retrieval systems. We critically examine the assumptions upon which such systems are constructed, and explore some ways in which images can be used in a text-free information system, and propose some areas here further inquiry is needed. We also present a prototype for a hyper-media visual thesaurus. Those who catalog objects are just now beginning to recognize the Inadequacy of verbal language as a means of recording descriptive information on material culture or the physical world in general. The use of non-verbal representations has great potential to address the limitations of text-based taxonomies. The use of authority control and thesauri are an essen-tail part on any successful informationsysem. lnthis paper, we have briefly described some of the implications of a similar process for visual media.
The Domesday Project videodiscs are the first integrated database to be created for public dissemination. They incorporate data, presented as simple interactive graphics, pictures and text from an unprecedented array of subject areas. This paper describes how the BBC team solved major problems to combine data from nearly 45 different sources into a single database.
This is a description of methods used and data collected from a time study of digitizing photographs using the Datacopy Corporation Integrated Imaging System on an IBM PC/XT. The study was conducted at the University of Texas Graduate School of Library and Information Science as a part of Project ICON headed by Dr. Mark Rorvig. The paper also includes a review of applications and data to compare microfilming and other digitizing projects. No conclusive evidence is given in support of digitizing over other storage media.
General Electric Co. is providing the first details of its DVI (digital video interactive) system, on the data-compression techniques essential to the system's operation, and on the applications development package. It combines the interactivity of computer graphics and text retrieval with the realism of television video and digital stereo sound. The initial applications will use CD-ROM for recording and playback, benefiting by its standardization, low cost, high capacity, and media stability.
This overview of PRECIS indexing system use by the National Film Board of Canada covers reasons for its choice, challenge involved in subject analysis and indexing of audiovisual documents, the methodology and software used to process PRECIS records, the resulting catalog subject indexes, and user reaction. Twenty-one references are cited. (EJS)
Les differents aspects de PRECIS (Preserved Context Indexing System) sont presentes: la perspective historique, la description generale, la syntaxe et la semantique, ses possibilites d'application a differents sujets, differents medias, differents organismes, differents langages, differents reseaux, les etudes d'evaluation par les indexeurs et les utilisateurs, les couts et d'autres aspects tels que la comparaison avec d'autres systemes, l'enseignement de PRECIS, les perspectives d'avenir
This study examines the fashioning of a model for a surrogate to facilitate user selection of the most appropriate film or video work for a particular use. Such a surrogate is intended to enable a user to bring to a collection of moving image documents the habits of scrutiny characteristic of the selection and critical use of print linguistic works. Images bear a different relationship to objects and events than do words and the manner in which moving image documents generate meaning differs from the way strings of words communicate. A matrix of a time line and several characteristics of the film or video document is proposed as the primary aspect of the surrogate graphic record. Issues of description and sampling within the abstracting process are raised. The proposed surrogate is seen as a system for achieving an individual, more book-like use of film and video documents.
The National Agricultural Library has developed a database, mounted on videodisc technology, that successfully integrates digital data and analog graphics. The digital data are manipulated by use of a microcomputer, which also controls access to the graphics. The graphics are displayed on a separate video monitor. This article discusses problems encountered in converting a print product to videodisc.
The paper intends to illustrate how information technologies have had, and will continue to have, a fundamental impact on the manner in which information can and will be used. Since a library is one of the many information providers in this information age, clearly its role has changed greatly. These changes are illustrated by reviewing first the library's earlier responses to new information technology and then by discussing how recent technological developments have dramatically changed the mode of library operations and services. Emphasis has been placed on the impact of recent years' dynamic and revolutionary developments of microcomputer and laser optical disk technologies on library information delivery and service. In order for libraries to thrive in this flamboyant environment, they must learn to keep pace with the whirlwind pace of new technological developments and sharpen their ability to conceptualize and develop new appropriate information programs for promoting better information access.
An overview on optical videodisk technology with emphasis given to the micro-based applications for information storage processing, and retrieval is presented, starting with some fundamentals of videodisk technology, followed by discussions on interactive videodisk technology and its associated hardware systems. Micro-based videodisk-related information projects are discussed under two specific groupings - government supported information projects, and commercially available videodisk and CD-ROM projects. It ends with speculations on future developments of micro-based optical videodisk technology and its potential for information management.
In March 1980 the British Post Office described research that has led to a facility for inserting high quality coloured pictures in viewdata pages. The technique is to use picture coding technology (originally devised for surveillanrce and teleconferencing) to reduce the number of bits required so that the use of low bandwidth circuits is feasible. This paper gives further technical details and describes some possible applications. A brief account of the current state of viewdata activities in the UK is included to explain why this development is regarded as important.
This paper describes a new technique called D. R. C. S. which is extremely helpful in text oriented communication systems: it provides through a very low cost user's terminal nearly unlimited repertoire of characters to be displayed for alphabetic applications and also fine graphics where they are needed. The integration of the feature to the French Antiope (1) Teletext or Teletel Videotex services is then discussed.
The introduction of videotex services in several countries has spurred the search for the lowest cost user terminal which will provide acceptable performance. This has led to many arguments on the quality of graphics required. One faction argues that videotex is basically an alpha-numeric information service and only limited block graphics are required to enhance the text. The other faction argues that good graphics are an essential part of a videotex information service and are required to effectively communicate the information. Because of the wide range of information to be provided by videotex services it is likely that both faCtions are correct and in fact a wide range of terminals will be required. In the opinion of the authors of this paper, the graphics coding scheme used for videotex services should be capable of accommodating these variable terminal requirements and permit a maximum cf independence between the terminal, the communications medium used, and the data bases. In other words, a single data base should be capable of serving terminals with a variety of graphics qualities over a variety of communications mediums without any need for special processing for any particular terminal.
The entertainment function of the Philips and MCA Optical Videodisc System (Fig.l) has been established by numerous public demonstrations, 1,2,3,4,5 and various authors,6'7'8. The freeze frame and random access capabilities of this optical system enables extremely effective storage of special purpose information. Examples of such special purpose applications employing the Philips consumer player include digital Read-Only-Memories, X-ray and document storage, and a talking encyclopedia. Before describing these special purpose applications, a brief description of the optical videodisc system is necessary. Copyright © 1976 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Replacing the underlying tree structure with an array of pages and removing the visibility of page identifiers will improve videotex páge organization and access.