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Suicide: A study in sociology 0
... While stress is a common aspect of student life, empirical evidence indicates its significant contribution to suicidal behaviours (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Social theories also highlight the role of societal factors in shaping stress levels and suicidal tendencies among students (Durkheim, 2002). suicide happens when someone feels disconnected from society, like they don't fit in. ...
... Higher education students face considerable pressure as they strive to equip themselves for future employment, frequently confronting various challenges. Drawing from Durkheim's (Durkheim, 2002) observations in these challenges arise from the disparity between institutional means and societal goals, leading to significant stressors. Academic stress stands out as a major contributing factor to this alarming trend of suicide attempts. ...
... Conversely, health-related complexities (8.2%) were identified as the least significant stressor. This result reminds us of the gap between institutional mean and academic goal -an imperative to lead toward anomic suicide, as per Durkheim's suicide theory (Durkheim, 2002;Jones, 1984). To some extent, these findings align with the study by Pritchard and Wilson (2005). ...
The primary aim of this research is to ascertain the correlation between various stressors, including academic stress, and the propensity for suicidal tendencies among college students. The investigation involved the examination of a randomly selected sample of 60 students from diverse academic sessions at a government college in Bangladesh. Notably, prior research had not thoroughly explored the effects of stress in the context of government college in Bangladesh. The research offers a fresh perspective on Emile Durkheim's typology of suicide, examining altruistic, anomic, egoistic, and fatalistic suicide in the context of various stressors and academic stress. This is significant as earlier studies largely adhered to conventional interpretations of Durkheim's typology. Crucially, this research fills a gap in the existing literature, contributing valuable insights for future researchers in this field. It sheds light on the complex relationship between stress and suicidal tendencies, specifically emphasising the role of academic stress, and it broadens our understanding of how various forms of stress impact college students. Contribution/Originality: This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the correlation between various stressors, including academic stress, and suicidal tendencies among college students in a government college in Bangladesh, providing a fresh perspective on Emile Durkheim's typology of suicide and filling a crucial gap in the existing literature.
... That said, Durkheim's work is considered the most significant sociological contribution to understanding the problem of suicide [8]. He believed that explanations based solely on individual psychology were inadequate, and suicide should be viewed as a social phenomenon influenced by sociological factors. ...
... Joiner also emphasizes social issues, asserting that a lack of social connection and experiences of abuse, pain, and previous suicidal thoughts increase the likelihood of suicide [9]. While Durkheim focused on sociological factors, Freud highlighted the psychological aspect of suicide, suggesting that repressed desires to kill an ambivalently regarded lost love could contribute to suicidal thoughts [8,10]. Many studies have explored the various factors contributing to suicide worldwide, identifying biological, psychological, and social factors as potential causes of suicidal ideation and behaviors. ...
... The study acknowledges that suicide can be studied from social, psychological, and biological perspectives. This article specifically delves into the sociological aspect of suicide, drawing on Durkheim's framework [8]. Consequently, social science methodologies have been utilized to unearth the intricate causes of suicidal behavior among graduate students. ...
This study utilizes both fieldwork and desk-based discourse analysis of newspaper reports to investigate the number of suicides among graduates in Bangladesh. According to some reports, a majority of suicide cases involve young adults who are either currently studying at university or have recently completed their degree (between the ages of 20 and 32). This research contends that patriarchal social expectations in Bangladesh place significant pressure on young adults to secure well-paying jobs to support their families and uphold their family’s status, which can have a negative impact on their mental health. Furthermore, this article identifies additional risk factors that contribute to the high suicide rates among graduates in Bangladesh. These factors include unemployment, poverty, relationship problems, drug addiction, political marginalization, and the stigma of shame, all of which can cause low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts. Moreover, the research suggests that families in Bangladesh have not been providing adequate support to their young members when facing challenges in life. On the contrary, families have added to the pressure on young adults, which can be attributed to Joiner’s theory of the effect of industrialization on family norms and values.
... In this study, data collection tools included a checklist of demographic information and three standard questionnaires measuring suicidal motivation, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The demographic characteristics con- (severe), resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 63. Depression classification ranges from no signs (0-9), mild depression (10-18), moderate depression (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), to severe depression . 43 The scores for each subscale were translated into a range from 0 to 100 for the analysis. ...
... 46 Each item is rated on a scale from "0" (not at all) to "3" (strongly), with a total score ranging from 0 to 63. The classification of anxiety ranges from not at all to minimal (0-7), mild (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), moderate (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), or severe . The total score indicates the severity of the anxiety symptoms. ...
Background and Aims
Suicide attempts are a fundamental problem in health care systems and are known for their complex and multifaceted nature. This study aimed to explore the reasons for suicide attempts and to identify associated factors in western Iran.
Methods
In Asadabad, western Iran, a cross‐sectional study was carried out between April 2020 and March 2021. A nonrandom sampling method was used to select 110 participants, ages 15–35. Structured questionnaires such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), and the Suicide Motivation Scale (IMSA) were used to gather the data. Multiple linear regression, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and independent t tests were all used in the data analysis.
Results
The majority of participants (59.1%) were female, with a mean age of 25.78 years. The most common reason for suicide attempts (43.6%) was family issues, and the most popular means (66.4%) were pills and medication. Eighty‐nine percent of participants had symptoms of depression. The mean scores were calculated for motivation for suicide attempts (32.46 ± 16.11), depression (34.60 ± 20.50), and anxiety (34.14 ± 15.69). The analysis showed that the motivation for suicide attempts and anxiety was greater in single persons than in married and divorced persons (p < 0.05). Motivation for suicide attempts was also greater in low‐ to middle‐income individuals with a history of divorce (p < 0.05). The multiple regression model showed that anxiety, sex, education, and medical history significantly influenced the motivation for suicide attempts (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The results showed that a wide range of social, economic, and cultural factors and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression, are involved in suicide attempts. This study aimed to design interventions and strategies to prioritize mental health, improve life skills to control stressful events, and focus on high‐risk groups (women, married people, people with low education levels, and those with a history of physical and mental illnesses) for suicide prevention in health promotion programs.
... There is a lengthy history of scholarship about the importance of social cohesion and solidarity at both the macro-societal level, and the micro-interpersonal level as described in enduring foundational theories such as Durkheim's (1897Durkheim's ( , 1984 organic solidarity and mechanical solidarity, and Ferdinand Tönnies' Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (Tönnies et al., 2001). Then in the twentieth century, the sociologist Charles Cooley (1910) further refined the micro-level theoretical base with the concept of, and importance of, the primary group-an individual's social group characterized by "intimate face-to-face association and cooperation" best illustrated by the family, and immediate community (p. ...
By comparing their experiences in both occupational cultures, US military veterans who also served as civilian police are positioned to provide insight into the causal mechanisms of intense social bonds like psychological kinship—when individuals conceive of their (non-biologically related) in-group members as “family” (Bailey, 1988). Two prominent explanations for this kind of intense group bonding are either through the sharing of “suitably” dysphoric (i.e., traumatic) experiences causing group member’s individual identity and group identity to “fuse,” becoming interwoven and porous leading to psychological kinship—a concept called identity fusion (Reese & Whitehouse, 2021; Whitehouse, 2018); or a mapping of primary group status onto fellow soldiers, sergeants, and officers through prolonged and intimate physical and psychological proximity, a foundational concept called spatial proximity (Shils & Janowitz, 1948). These theoretical frameworks have been explored exclusively independent of each other. This study uses a novel approach by intentionally combining and applying a unified model: identity fusion + spatial proximity = psychological kinship, to explore whether the explanatory power of these concepts is increased when conjoined. In this exploratory, comparative study, qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 military veterans of the US armed forces who also served as civilian police officers to contrast their social experiences in the military with their social experiences serving as police officers. Participant interviews support that the theoretical models have more explanatory power together than separately.
... There is a lengthy history of scholarship about the importance of social cohesion and solidarity at both the macro-societal level, and the micro-interpersonal level as described in enduring foundational theories such as Durkheim's (1897Durkheim's ( , 1984 organic solidarity and mechanical solidarity, and Ferdinand Tönnies' Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (Tönnies et al., 2001). Then in the twentieth century, the sociologist Charles Cooley (1910) further refined the micro-level theoretical base with the concept of, and importance of, the primary group-an individual's social group characterized by "intimate face-to-face association and cooperation" best illustrated by the family, and immediate community (p. ...
... Autonomy and farmer identity, as demonstrated by Stock and Forney (2014), aligns decision-making with farmers' expertise and values, promoting job satisfaction and reducing stress. Building on the foundations of Durkheim's (1897) theory on the socio-cultural context of suicide, there is a long established literature linking agrarian change and associated decline in farming autonomy with negative impacts on farmer mental health (Cullen and Connolly 1997;Gallagher and Sheehy 1994;Ní Laoire 2001;Arensberg and Kimball 1940;Scheper-Hughes 1979). However, the context of how this is experienced by farmers (and farm-families) evolves as society and, inevitably, agriculture evolves. ...
... However, nonadherence to a particular regime of feeling, in other words, not feeling the same as the established collective, often does not offer easy alternatives. As Durkheim [84] (p. 51) noted in another context: "each society is predisposed to contribute a definite quota of voluntary deaths". ...
In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the study of emotions, demonstrating their importance in understanding diverse human and social dynamics. However, as this field of study develops and diversifies, a structural yet simple question remains virtually undiscussed: Is it really possible to say that societies possess emotions or a certain sensitivity akin to individual experiences? This exploratory study, based on documentary analysis, endeavours to identify and examine emotional patterns across six different periods, spanning from the Middle Ages to the present day. Among the eight secondary findings, three fundamental conclusions stand out: (1) throughout history, societies have experienced different emotional atmospheres, sometimes simultaneously; (2) although societies generally propose an emotional model to follow, the reality does not always conform to it; and (3) it is mainly through the culture that society creates a certain emotional harmony, allowing the social body to remain cohesive and develop, thus postponing or preventing its disintegration. This study aims to offer a modest contribution to the complex and under-explored discussion on the correlation between specific emotional climates and particular social contexts.
... The role of education in society is a topic of debate, with some viewing it as a transformational mechanism [14], while others see it as a reflection of society [15]. Universities encourage interdisciplinary education to enable students to make informed decisions and advocacy [16]. ...
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) play a crucial role in architectural education, as buildings contribute 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions and 40% of extracted materials are used in construction. This research investigates the current status of SDG integration in architecture education, its challenges, and potential future advancements. A qualitative survey was conducted among architecture educators from 22 institutions across nine countries, focusing on four key aspects: (i) general knowledge and understanding of the SDGs; (ii) qualification and experience regarding the SDGs; (iii) integration of the SDGs in architecture education; and (iv) implementation of the SDGs in architectural practises. The findings revealed that most educators did not receive formal education focused on the SDGs, relying on self-exposure and self-learning. SDG 11 was the most adopted, focusing on improving slum areas, providing safe housing, and promoting sustainable urban settlements while preserving cultural heritage.
The European Integration project, aiming for unity and prosperity among its member states, frequently misses the insights from numerous studies that reveal the origins and reasons for resistance to this initiative. The lack of an agonistic approach in EU studies limits a thorough grasp of how opposition to Europeanization deeply intertwines with the everyday lives of citizens. This chapter examines the link between social integration perceptions and EU political attitudes using 2012’s European Social Survey data. Utilizing social disintegration theory, it assesses how societal integration perceptions can shape attitudes towards Europeanization. The theory suggests strong social integration aligns individuals with European norms and values, while isolation may predispose them towards affiliations provided by Eurosceptic formations. A multilevel analysis of 21 EU countries investigates relationships between subjective social integration and support for EU integration, trust in the European Parliament, and pro-EU party support, revealing that subjective social integration significantly influences these political attitudes beyond traditional socioeconomic factors. By highlighting the overlooked impact of subjective social integration on EU attitudes, this chapter lays a groundwork for future research into how support for Europeanization emerges from everyday life practices of EU citizens.
This paper explores the phenomenon of the non-religious ("nones") in Latin America by examining the implications of the secular paradox within this population. The secular paradox refers to the tension that secular individuals experience when they engage with religious aspects. Our analysis shows that this tension is a prevalent occurrence in the experience of Latin Americans, nuanced by social representations such as the "atheist thanks to God." These social imaginaries illustrate the inherent interplay and porosity between the religious and the secular in the region, characterised by its "baroque modernity:" a cultural configuration that both integrates and resists patterns promoted by capitalist and Western modernity. After analysing Latin American nations in terms of the prevalence of religious disaffiliation, the paper focuses on the intersections of the secular and the religious in specific cases such as Mexico and Argentina. The findings indicate that conceptions of religion among our interlocutors are linked to the historical Catholicism of the region, as well as to political secularism. In this sense, the non-religious tend to purify certain elements of religion, prioritising social bonds while restricting secularism primarily to the intellectual level. By addressing the secular-religious tension among Latin American "nones," this research contributes to a deeper understanding of secular identity beyond the modernity and secularisation of the Atlantic North.
The article contains a description of the features of interpersonal relationships of deviant adolescents and the features of conflict. Interpersonal relationships are defined as a form of interaction between adolescents, accompanied by perception and a certain influence on people around them, assessment of their actions, actions and behavior in general. Conflictedness is considered as a personality trait that influences its provocation of conflict and entry into interpersonal conflict. It is noted that the conflict manifested in the interpersonal relationships of an individual can be demonstrated as an “maladaptive” model of behavior coming from the family, or as an indicator of an age crisis exacerbated in a situation of deprivation of basic needs in the field of communication and activity. Conflict relations are understood as that are built up in the process of interaction between subjects who have opposite-directed opinions, judgments, attitudes, goals, as well as those associated with acute emotional experiences. Describes the features of adolescence as a crisis period in the development of personality and affecting the nature of its interpersonal relationships. The description of deviant teenagers is given and the statistics of offenses are given. The sample consisted of 25 teenagers registered in the school and in the juvenile affairs unit. Based on empirical data, it was found that deviant adolescents are dominated by such a style of behavior in a conflict situation as “rivalry”. Much less often, these teenagers resort to the strategies of “cooperation” and “compromise”. The direct relationship between the “authoritarian” type of interpersonal relationships of deviant adolescents and such a style of behavior in conflict as “rivalry”, between “suspicious” and “subordinate” types of interpersonal relationships and the strategy of “adaptation” in conflict is revealed. Significant inverse correlations have been established between the “suspicious”, “subordinate” types of interpersonal relationships and the “rivalry” strategy in conflict.
This study examines the connection between social capital and the perceived health status for the Chinese public. Extending from previous research that uses unrepresentative samples, the current project analyzes nationally representative samples of approximately 60,000 respondents. The data are drawn from six waves of the Chinese General Social Survey conducted in 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2018, respectively. The multilevel regression approach is used for statistical estimation. Findings show a consistent pattern that social capital, encompassing social network and generalized trust, is positively related to one’s perceived health status across these years. In addition, the moderating impact of personal capital on the link between social capital and perceived health status is identified. Social capital has a greater health impact on those with lower personal capital than those with higher personal capital. This study complements current literature and has implications for public health policies.
The article presents the results of an empirical study of the manifestation of innovation through the development of a creative product using the method of focal objects (MFO) among engineering students. The interrelationships of innovative personality traits with the parameters of the created creative product are considered. The possibilities of the MFO for the development of the creative characteristics of the individual have been studied. The study was conducted on a sample of master's students of the Novosibirsk State Technical University (Faculty of Radio Engineering and Electronics, the age of the subjects was 21-24 years). The total number of students is 56, including 17 girls and 39 boys. As a result of the study, the predominance of students of the average level of self-assessment of innovativeness (69 % of the subjects), the guardian SJ-type (58 % of the subjects) personality according to D. Keirsey was found. To study the features of the manifestation of innovation, the subjects were asked to develop a product using the MFO. Correlation analysis conducted on a sample of students with an average level of self-assessment of innovativeness ( N = 38), using the Rs -Spearman rank, showed the presence of significant positive relationships only for the indicator of the creative product “design” with personal characteristics, while students with a high level self-assessment of innovativeness ( N = 18), correlation analysis showed the presence of links for indicators of a creative product such as “functionality”, “development”, “design” with personal characteristics. Analysis of correlations allows students with a high level of self-assessment of innovativeness to be more flexible, open and able to develop a functional creative product. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the MFO is possible as a way to develop the creative characteristics of a person.
Introduction: From the beginning of suicide research by Durkheim (1897); the relationship between religiosity and suicidal risk has been seen as a crucial issue. During the last decade, studies on this question have given variable results. However, such studies became a gateway to multiple questions, not only on the relationship between religion and suicide risk but more specifically among patients with depressive disorders, in particular. This study’s main objective is to assess the influence of religiosity on suicidal ideation; suicidal intentionality and on the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with depressive disorders diagnoses or bipolar depression episodes. We carried out an observational, descriptive, and analytical study of 324 patients with a current diagnosis of a major depressive disorder or a bipolar depressive episode. Patients were all Muslims and were interviewed using the Beck Depression Inventory; Suicide Intent Scale and Mini International neuropsychiatric interview Suicide Risk. The religiosity was assessed using the BIAC (Belief Into Action) adapted to Muslims in Morocco. We found that higher religiosity scores were associated with older age (>50 years), marriage, no negative impact of depression on work, presence of bipolar depression, and regularity of medical follow-up. Similarly, higher scores of religiosity were associated with lower scores of depression, suicidal intentionality, or suicidal risk. It will be useful to compare our results with other published results to appraise the positive impact of religiosity on reducing suicidal ideation and behavior among different populations, regardless of their religious affiliations.
Based on the archival materials from the Celje and Maribor District Courts (Kreisgerichte) and the specific cases from the Trbovlje County Court (Bezirksgericht), referring to the areas with the highest suicide rates in the Drava Banate, this article examines suicide in the first half of the 20th century. Based on individual cases from judicial practice, as well as newspaper reports, the article sheds light on the social, economic and regional conditions in the considered areas in the first half of the 20th century, as well as the position of women in society and the prevalence of family and sexual violence. At the time when the increasing suicide rates were attributed to the aftermath of World War I, the effects of the economic crisis, and alcoholism, the article analyses the presence and gradual dominance of psychological and psychiatric discourse in determining the causes of individual suicides. By analysing the individual cases, the author presents the attitude towards suicide in rural areas – the shame and stigma still felt by the family members when a relative of theirs commits suicide. The author analyses cases where either the suicide could not be identified or when the corps of the deceased was not found, as well as cases of suicide due to fear and/or shame due to crimes committed. Furthermore, the article focuses on the phenomenon of female suicide and, in this context, on the examples of murder-suicide and the role of women in them, analyses the contemporaneous media discourse, and describes the course of the investigations in the cases where it was not clear whether the death had resulted from suicide or murder.
The article focuses on the concept of heroic suicide among Yugoslav and especially Slovenian partisans during the Second World War. Partisan command expected fighters to commit suicide in extreme circumstances to avoid ignominious capture, torture and potential treason. After the war, partisan suicides were formally recognized as a heroic act of the highest self-sacrifice, but at the same time they also represented a grey area of Yugoslav memory of the war because they raised challenging moral questions, such as the inadmissibility of suicide from the point of view of Marxist ethics. Opinions expressed in the Yugoslav professional and lay public about the partisan heroic suicides were diverse. Attitudes towards suicide were different in different parts of the country, supposedly depending on the traditional perceptions of death and suicide held by regional or local communities.
Suicide has been a serious international public mental health problem and is one of the top twenty leading causes of death worldwide. This study aims to investigate the impact of social expenditure on suicide deaths in Turkiye as a developing country from 1982 to 2019. The Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methods were used. The results indicated that social expenditure has a statistically significant and negative effect on total suicide and female suicide deaths, but it has a statistically insignificant and negative impact on male suicide death. The contribution of this study is to examine for the first time whether social expenditure has an impact on total, female, and male suicide mortality in Turkiye. Policymakers should regard increasing social spending in the government budget to prevent suicide deaths in Turkiye.
A variety of disciplines contribute to our understanding of the interplay between humans and their environments, particularly regarding how environmental exposures shape population health profiles and inequities. Traditionally, research on “neighborhood effects” has relied on relatively crude measures of contextual conditions around one’s home, limiting our ability to identify specific mechanisms and actionable targets for intervention. However, the recent proliferation of wearable devices capable of tracking location and making it possible to “at that moment” physiological and behavioral data offers exciting new avenues for investigation. This chapter explores the potential of geographic ecological momentary assessment (GEMA), which combines ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with location tracking and geographic information systems (GIS). GEMA enables the linking of objective environmental data with momentary measures of psychological states, behaviors, and physical health, making it possible to better assess how daily living environments contribute to health outcomes and health inequities. This chapter discusses the theoretical underpinnings of GEMA, its methodological advantages, and its potential to generate evidence for building health-promoting and equitable communities.
In contrast to suicide as a rational decision, this study tests suicide as an irrational decision from the perspective of behavioral economics through a social constructionist approach using multiple qualitative datasets. The study explores important constructs such as; incomplete information, the role of emotions, unstable preferences, dependency on others in terms of preferences and decision-making and socio-economic causes. The findings disclose that the ratio of suicide is higher in females than males and the majority of the respondents are under the age of thirty-five in the Northern district of Chitral, Pakistan. Based on the social construct, it has been confirmed that suicide is an irrational decision. The study concludes that rational choice fails to be a better predictor of decisions like suicide. The study also provides some policy recommendations to prevent the suicide rate in district Chitral and gives some future research directions.
This chapter sets to do two main things: one analytical and the other theoretical. In the first instance, Guyana’s social structure would be isolated and assessed with regards to its role in the maintenance rather than transformation of ethnic differentiation and stratification. Secondly, based on a historical analysis of Guyana’s social structure, a tentative theoretical relationship between elements of the social structures and between relational structures and social institutions will be postulated. The theoretical point being made is that the relationship between elements of the social structures and between relational structures and social institutions is not a unidirectional, deterministic, causal relationship. On the contrary, there is a fair degree of feedback to the extent that a self-perpetuated social system is created. A strict deterministic, causal relationship between structures and institutions has already been effectively challenged to the extent that in sociology it is hardly likely to come across any work maintaining any strictly deterministic relationship between structures and institutions.
Eğitime yabancılaşma, öğrenme süreci yahut müfredat veya okul gibi yapılardan kopmuş hissetme durumunu ifade eder. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının anlatıları perspektifinden COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında yaşanan acil uzaktan öğrenme deneyimini betimlemeye çalışmak ve gerek bu süreçte gerekse bu sürecin adından okullaşmaya karşı yaşanan yabancılaşma hissi çerçevesinden yorumlamaktır. 190 öğrenci katılımıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmada; öğretmen adayları acil uzaktan eğitim sürecine dair anlatılarında olumlu hislere yer vermiş olsalar da, yoğun olarak olumsuz hisler aktarmıştır. Yabancılaşma puanı yüksek öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim sürecinde derslere devam etmediği anlaşılmıştır. Acil uzaktan öğretim sürecinin yabancılaşmış öğrenciler için eğitimden bir kopuş teşkil ettiği, yüz yüze eğitime dönüşün bu kopuş halinin ortadan kaldırılması için önemli bir fırsat sunmasına rağmen, öğrenci yurdundaki olumsuz koşullar ve aktif öğrenme yöntemlerinin uygulamaya konmasındansa derslerin PowerPoint slaytları üzerinden okunarak işlenmesi gibi durumların olumsuz tabloya katkıda bulunduğu görülmüştür.
Suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon involving biological, genetic, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental risk factors. Suicide occurs in all parts of the world; however, the prevalence of suicidal behavior varies significantly by region. Geographical disparities in the incidence of suicidal behavior can be attributed to several reasons, including the accuracy of suicide statistics and cultural and religious aspects. Suicide rates in Azerbaijan are not extremely high in comparison to other countries with similar geopolitical and socioeconomic backgrounds. The scarcity of scientific research regarding suicide in Azerbaijan does not allow for accurate identification of risk factors for suicide. Cultural constructs such as values and gender role expectations have an impact on the degree of suicide risk within the Azerbaijani population. In this chapter, we discuss various concepts such as stigma surrounding mental health and suicidality in general, self-construal, the construct of “culture of honor,” and their role in suicide risk. We believe that scientific findings, the development of psychometric instruments for risk assessment, and appropriate training for mental health professionals can improve the capacity for identifying at-risk populations, reduce the stigma associated with mental health, and eventually contribute to a better approach to suicide prevention and management in Azerbaijan.
城市流动人口的社会融合是新型城镇化建设的重点任务。针对现有研究在社会融合的空间特征及流入地作用方面的研究不足，本文基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据，引入空间分析和分层线性模型，揭示了中国地级以上城市流动人口社会融合的空间格局与影响机制。研究发现：(1)中国城市流动人口的总体社会融合指数为0.43，存在行为融合（0.71）>心理融合（0.61）>经济融合（0.33）的维度特征。(2)流动人口的社会融合存在空间自相关性和集聚性，高水平社会融合区主要分布在东北地区、山东半岛和川渝地区，低水平社会融合区主要分布在东南沿海、关中平原和华北平原地区。在这些地区中，总体上存在人口50万以下的小城市的流动人口社会融合水平高于大城市的基本特征。(3)流入地因素和个体因素共同影响和形塑了流动人口社会融合的水平和空间格局，且流入地的人口规模、住房支出（房价水平）和公共服务等因素对个体因素的影响具有调节作用，包含正向极化、负向极化、正向均化、负向均化等4种调节机制。本文呼吁从流入地—个体因素关联的人地关系视角开展流动人口社会融合研究，重视流入地因素对个体因素的影响，为基于流入地的政策调控来推进新型城镇化建设提供科学依据。
This chapter examines the working-class experience through the lens of alienation, focusing on dignity, community, and agency. Fundamentally, it identifies how the rise of the Knowledge Economy reshapes values, how community bonds have weakened post-Thatcher, exacerbating intra-class divisions, and how the left’s failure to provide an inclusive narrative fuels hostility, hindering collective efforts. The working-class, facing a tangible decline across these dimensions, is understood to be alienated. The chapter proposes a shift towards a common-good-centric economic model and leans towards a Progressive Nationalist narrative, drawing from British Idealists to address these challenges and pave the way for a less-alienating existence.
Marriages and divorces have recently changed along with economic developments, social and cultural shifts in mostly developed countries including Türkiye, and therefore affect the countries’ demography. This study is motivated by recent significant changes in Türkiye’s marriage and divorce rates and regional differences. The data is retrieved from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) for 26 regions of Türkiye. Kohonen’s self-organizing map (SOM), multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), and MULTIMOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio analysis plus Full Multiplicative Form) methods are used for the proposed methodology. SOM and MDS methods are employed sequentially to find similar and dissimilar regions. The variations of the regions are also evaluated by one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, MULTIMOORA. Indicators of all regions differ relatively compared to the previous ten-year period, as well as the changes vary. The regions that show the changes both the most and the least are located in the country’s East. The study investigates regional differences of the relationship between marriage, divorce, and socio-economic factors in a different methodology. The combined usage of SOM-MDS tandem and MCDM methodologies provides more accurate and sensitive results about region-based differences in Türkiye.
The present study sought to explore motivations (affective, relationships, life events, injury/medical diagnosis) in suicide notes (N = 49) from the U.S. Authors ranged in age from 18 to 74 years and were majority male (73.5%). Four raters analyzed the notes and, through a series of meetings, came to a consensus on the motives behind each note writers' suicide in terms of the broader motivational themes and the narrower second-level themes. All notes were primarily affectional in nature, with some gender and age differences. For example, suicide notes from males frequently refer to financial hardships whereas suicide notes from females were more focused on lowered self-worth and notes written by younger persons focused more on affect and relationships, while notes written by older adults focused on life events and marriage difficulties and separation. Findings illuminate the varied nature of suicide motivations but also highlight important patterns across groups.
Objective:
Female labor-force participation (FLFP) has been theorized as contributing to higher suicide rates, including among women. Evidence on this relationship, however, has been mixed. This study explored the association between FLFP and suicide in an understudied context, Taiwan, and across 40-years.
Methods:
Annual national labor-participation rates for women ages 25-64, and female and male suicide-rates, for 1980-2020, were obtained from Taiwan's Department of Statistics. The associations between FLFP rates and sex/age-stratified suicide-rates, and between FLFP rates and male-to-female suicide-rates ratios were assessed via time-series regression-analyses, accounting for autoregressive effects.
Results:
Higher FLFP rates were associated with lower female suicide-rates (ß = -0.06, 95% CI (Credibility Interval) = [-0.19, -0.01]) in the adjusted model. This association held in the age-stratified analyses. Associations for FLFP and lower male suicide-rates were observed in the ≥45 age-groups. FLFP rates were significantly and positively associated with widening male-to-female suicide-rates ratios in the adjusted model (ß = 0.24, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.59]).
Conclusion:
This study's findings suggest that FLFP protects women from suicide, and point to the potential value of FLFP as a way of preventing suicide. In Taiwan, employed women carry a double-load of paid and family unpaid care-work. Child care-work is still done by mothers, often with grandmothers' support. Therefore, this study's findings contribute to evidence that doing both paid work and unpaid family care-work has more benefits than costs, including in terms of suicide-protection. Men's disengagement from family care-work may contribute to their high suicide rates, despite their substantial labor-force participation.
Background:
Self-harm and suicidal ideation are increasing public health concerns globally and are paramount in Africa. Therefore, a review of suicidal ideation and self-harm interventions would be beneficial in identifying culturally appropriate interventions for the African context.
Method:
The Population, phenomenon of Interest and Context (PICo) model was adopted to formulate the review strategy. Thus, the Population (Africans), phenomenon of Interest (intervention) and Context (self-harm and suicidal ideation). We used this PICo strategy which is a modified version of PICO for qualitative studies. Framework with Boolean operators (AND/OR/NOT) was further used to ensure rigor through search terms such as ("Suicide" OR "suicidal ideation") AND ("Intervention" OR "Treatment" OR "Therapy" OR "Psychological" OR "Psychosocial" OR "Culturally adapted") AND "Africa" OR "African countries." Six databases were searched (Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Central, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, and Web of Science) for published articles between 2000 and March 2023. N = 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the relevant data extracted were synthesized and thematically analyzed. The review protocol was pre-registered on the PROSPERO Registry (no. CRD42021283795).
Results:
N = 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the following themes emerged from the synthesized literature and analyses of current African approaches to curbing self-harm and suicidal ideation: (a) Western medical and compassion-focused intervention (b) the helpful role of traditional healing and healers (c) psychoeducation and self-help techniques (d) use of technology and a nation-wide approach.
Conclusion:
Self-harm and suicidal ideation are global health concerns. To address this health concern in Africa, the authors recommend culturally adapted psychological interventions to be tested via randomized control trials.
This chapter considers what it means to learn and create personal and shared experiences of wellbeing-ness, where inclusion, belonging and finding a voice are defining moments. Only a few years ago this might have been understood in terms such as social and emotional learning (SEL), but now the buzz word globally and especially in a country such as New Zealand is ‘wellbeing’. The challenge is twofold: firstly, how to conceptualise and practice wellbeing-ness in a more digitally informed COVID world, such as through digital storytelling and, secondly, how to assess and put a value on it and, in so doing, show how a taxonomy of the emotions might support an understanding of inclusion.
The rapid economic growth in China has resulted in significant societal and psychological transformations. Our longitudinal study, conducted over a decade at a Chinese university, aims to elucidate the evolving patterns of suicidal ideation and other mental health outcomes among different cohorts. Our findings underscore the declining prevalence of suicidal ideation and depression, accompanied by relative stability or even slight increases in optimism, self-esteem, and perceived social support across various demographic variables. These results suggest that fostering stable and positive mental health states within the context of economic growth can effectively prevent and mitigate the risk of suicidal ideation among college students. Furthermore, our study highlights the imperative for increased public health campaigns and interventions within universities to address mental health challenges faced by students.
There is an urgent need to monitor the mental health of large populations, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to timely identify the most at-risk subgroups and to design targeted prevention campaigns. We therefore developed and validated surveillance indicators related to suicidality: the monthly number of hospitalisations caused by suicide attempts and the prevalence among them of five known risks factors. They were automatically computed analysing the electronic health records of fifteen university hospitals of the Paris area, France, using natural language processing algorithms based on artificial intelligence. We evaluated the relevance of these indicators conducting a retrospective cohort study. Considering 2,911,920 records contained in a common data warehouse, we tested for changes after the pandemic outbreak in the slope of the monthly number of suicide attempts by conducting an interrupted time-series analysis. We segmented the assessment time in two sub-periods: before (August 1, 2017, to February 29, 2020) and during (March 1, 2020, to June 31, 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. We detected 14,023 hospitalisations caused by suicide attempts. Their monthly number accelerated after the COVID-19 outbreak with an estimated trend variation reaching 3.7 (95%CI 2.1–5.3), mainly driven by an increase among girls aged 8–17 (trend variation 1.8, 95%CI 1.2–2.5). After the pandemic outbreak, acts of domestic, physical and sexual violence were more often reported (prevalence ratios: 1.3, 95%CI 1.16–1.48; 1.3, 95%CI 1.10–1.64 and 1.7, 95%CI 1.48–1.98), fewer patients died ( p = 0.007) and stays were shorter ( p < 0.001). Our study demonstrates that textual clinical data collected in multiple hospitals can be jointly analysed to compute timely indicators describing mental health conditions of populations. Our findings also highlight the need to better take into account the violence imposed on women, especially at early ages and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
There has been a plethora of research on fatal suicide behavior. Previous examinations on suicide have examined social factors, such as the divorce rate, and economic factors, such as unemployment. However, many of the studies fail to acknowledge that different groups have differing access to the economy. Moreover, social factors will be experienced differently by different groups. The current analysis examines social and economic factors that are associated with suicide by gender and race for the 50 states in the United States from 2014 to 2019. The analysis demonstrates that females and males have different factors that are predictive of suicide. Furthermore, whites and nonwhites have different associations with suicide. ARTICLE HISTORY
Throughout the United States, in 2020 and 2021, the Trump presidency and the covid-19 pandemic brought to light clashes in shared and lived realities among Americans and displayed them in jarring and perplexing scenarios—with a deadly toll. Strange martyrdoms and enacted oaths of loyalty to Trump in the form of people not getting vaccinated, not taking precautions, often attacking those who did, and throwing themselves away by (simply) dying are collective examples of what Jacques Lacan called the passage à l’acte and are symptoms of a profound decay of political culture. Radicalization of what Timothy Snyder has called “sadopopulism” and Chris Hedges has called “corporate totalitarianism” have led to a pervasive sense of impotence among large swaths of global populations who have been, and are being, abandoned and discarded, made victims of radical neglect, disappearance, and silencing—the covid martyrs a category among them.
In this chapter the focus is on behavior and experiences that deviate so much from the “norm” expected in a society that they are considered conspicuous and at the same time pathological (= morbid). Both the definition of these deviations from the norm and their respective degree of tolerance are highly dependent on culture. With regard to psychiatric disorders, it can be stated that when standardised diagnostic systems (DSM-5 and ICD-11) are applied, the corresponding symptoms occur worldwide, but also that their frequency varies culturally. Juvenile suicide, whose distribution is known to show strong intercultural fluctuations, has received particular interest in a cross-cultural comparison. If one excludes “suicide bombers” and confines oneself to “normal” suicide, it seems almost impossible to identify universally valid risk factors. The degree of religiosity seems to be the most suitable predictor – in the sense that a high level of religiosity reduces the risk of suicide.
The urban integration of new-generation migrant workers is an important part of the process of new urbanization in China, and the acquisition of a sense of urban integration is one of the necessary signs of urban integration for new-generation migrant workers. Based on ambidexterity theory, we used a multiple regression analysis to study the mechanism underlying the effects of learning ambidexterity on the sense of urban integration of new-generation migrant workers. The empirical results showed that learning ambidexterity had significant and positive effects on both sense of urban integration and career growth; career growth had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between learning ambidexterity and sense of urban integration; environmental dynamism had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between exploratory learning and career growth; and environmental dynamism had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between exploitative learning and sense of urban integration. This study responds to previous research on the ambidexterity of migrant workers and further enriches the ambidexterity theory in research on migrant workers from the perspectives of career growth and urban integration. And in contrast to earlier studies, this research introduces environmental dynamism and establishes an analysis framework for migrant worker urban integration in a dynamic environment.
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