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The viable future of Mexico and latin America: A new business paradigm
International Journal of Public Administration
Abstract
The objective of this special issue of the International Journal of Public Administration I understand is to focus on the shift we see in Latin America toward what is described as free market policies, and political democracy, and how this is coming about through a process of critical thinking about their future and their special role in the world economy. This is a laudable objective and one which hopefully will result in gaining deeper understanding for the highly developed countries of the realities of Latin America as well as their genuine needs for their long term viable development.
This initial article will diverge from the regular format of learned articles in this special issue, as it will summarize some of the main points of a book from which it is extracted. The purpose is to give a perspective which often goes unnoticed, that is, a vision of economic development from the perspective of the countries of South (Latin America) looking North (highly developed countries). This perspective takes into account as well as sociocultural/ecological considerations and exposes a number of long term concerns which the conventional economic approach to development of the North has not as yet been successful in incorporating. The purpose is to provide food for serious thought regarding our present concept of progress and development for Latin America in the long term and to consider how this approach is closely tied to the role of international business and government policy in the region.
Business ethics, as the philosophical enquiry into the moral features present in economic activity, ought to be a tool for building a fairer society. To examine how business ethics in Mexico can be such a tool, we first present some economic and cultural consequences of Mexico's privileged geographical position (bordering the United States) and of its joining the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. By adding a political and historical account to the analysis, we explain why the post-NAFTA boost in the economy has divided the country in what we have labeled Main-Road Mexico (those who are or seek to be part of the modern economy of Mexico) and Off-Road Mexico (those who are unaware of or distant from any "modern" options, or rather, wish to maintain and even strengthen their pre-NAFTA and even pre-Hispanic cultural identity). We then use Hofstede's findings of the cultural dimensions of Mexico to provide the backdrop against which we discuss recent and relevant research done on business in Mexico. We do this to highlight the implications for business practitioners dealing with Mexican com- panies in Mexico and Mexican companies abroad and to suggest that indeed business ethics can be the seed of social justice.
In a rapidly changing global market, it has become increasingly important and vital for the survival of the organization to be competitive and adaptive. In order to achieve this, organizational leadership needs a better understanding of the business cultures in which their companies are operating. One of the challenges is the lack of literature on ethical business cultures in emerging markets. This is also the case for Turkey, a fast growing emerging market. In this chapter, we use Donaldson and Dunfee’s Integrative Social Contracts Theory (ISCT) to explore the ethical business culture of Turkey as an emerging market. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are used to analyze the role of Turkish national culture in shaping business behavior. The role of religion and of the political and administrative institutional structures is also discussed in detail. The development of ethical business cultures in Turkish business organizations is also discussed, with special emphasis on challenges presented by globalization and rapid economic development. Implications for leadership are also discussed.
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