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Structural Analysis of CoAuthor Relationships and Author Productivity in Selected Outlets for Consumer Behavior Research
Abstract
This study examines the relation between author productivity and the network structure of collaboration among 1,215 authors who published consumer behavior articles in selected journals from 1977 to 1996. We find that the distribution of publication productivity is skewed, following an empirical regularity that has also been observed in other disciplines. After finding a strong relation between author productivity and collaboration, we next explore the structure of co-authorships. Network analysis reveals a "macronetwork" that includes virtually all of the most frequently published authors and many "micro" networks that surround them. Further analysis shows strong relations between publication productivity and the social-structural position of authors in co-author networks. Implications of these findings for understanding the institutional, intellectual, and social structure of knowledge production in consumer behavior are discussed.
... In this study, four typical literature-based networks were formed and analyzed to identify the correlations between authors, keywords, citations, and research main paths. Those four methods were considered effective for the quantitative literature review of construction safety research as they played a significant role in discovering the dynamic procedure of academic knowledge and identifying the information development for decades [17][18][19][20][21]. Specifically, co-authorship analysis was applied since it reveals the speed and quality of scientific cooperation and academic exchanges [17,18], keyword co-occurrence analysis was used as it helps examine the internal correlation among studies with similar keywords [19], citation network analysis was conducted because it provides the graphical presentation of the knowledge increment and clusters the studies in categories [20], and main path analysis was adopted due to its effectiveness of revealing the key advancement of knowledge development about a particular research field [21]. ...
... In this study, four typical literature-based networks were formed and analyzed to identify the correlations between authors, keywords, citations, and research main paths. Those four methods were considered effective for the quantitative literature review of construction safety research as they played a significant role in discovering the dynamic procedure of academic knowledge and identifying the information development for decades [17][18][19][20][21]. Specifically, co-authorship analysis was applied since it reveals the speed and quality of scientific cooperation and academic exchanges [17,18], keyword co-occurrence analysis was used as it helps examine the internal correlation among studies with similar keywords [19], citation network analysis was conducted because it provides the graphical presentation of the knowledge increment and clusters the studies in categories [20], and main path analysis was adopted due to its effectiveness of revealing the key advancement of knowledge development about a particular research field [21]. ...
... Namely, the co-author network was established to study the practical forms of scientific collaboration. All aspects of scientific research cooperation can be tracked reliably by analyzing the network of co-authorship [17,18]. A keyword co-occurrence network was established to identify keywords and themes that simultaneously appear in papers, which presented correlations between particular research topic or research direction [19]. ...
The construction industry is recognized as a high-risk industry given that safety accidents and personnel injuries frequently occur. This study provided a systematic and quantitative review of existing research achievements by conducting social network approach to identify current states and future trends for the occupational safety of construction personnel. A total of 250 peer-reviewed articles were collected to examine the research on safety issues of workers in construction industry. Social network approach was applied to analyze the interrelationship among authors, keywords, and citations of these articles using VOS viewer and CitNetExplorer. A knowledge structure map was drawn using main path analysis (MPA) towards the collected papers, which was implemented by Pajek. In line with the findings of social network analysis, five research groups, and six keyword themes were identified in accordance with the times of cooperation of researchers and correlation among keywords of the papers. Core papers were identified by using main path analysis for each research domain to represent the key process and backbone for the corresponding area. Based on the finding of the research, significant implications and insights in terms of current research status and further research trends were provided for the scholars, thus helping generate a targeted development plan for occupational safety in construction industry.
... La personne théoriquement complètement connectée aura n-1 connexions (où n est le nombre de personnes dans le groupe) c'est-à-dire des liens avec tous les membres du groupe, sauf elle-même. Quand une personne est entièrement connectée la distance entre elle et le reste du groupe est 1 (Acedo et al. 2006;Eaton et al. 1999;Henry et al. 2007;Otto et al. 2002;Polites et al. 2008;Vidgen et al. 2007). Le degré de centralité est une mesure de combien de personnes on connaît dans un réseau. ...
... The theoretical fully connected person will have n-1 connections (where n is the number of people in the group) or connections to everyone in the group except for herself. When someone is fully connected the distance between them and everyone else in the group is one (Acedo et al. 2006;Eaton et al. 1999;Henry et al. 2007;Otto et al. 2002;Polites et al. 2008;Vidgen et al. 2007). Degree centrality is a measure of how many people you know in the network. ...
... When someone is fully connected the distance between them and everyone else in the group is one. (Acedo et al. 2006;Eaton et al. 1999;Henry et al. 2007;Otto et al. 2002;Polites et al. 2008;Vidgen et al. 2007). Degree centrality is a measure or how many people you know in the network. ...
La communauté en ligne (CEL) est une forme très répandue de transfert de connaissances spécialisées, où des usagers géographiquement dispersés peuvent constituer une communauté en partageant des idées, envoyant et affichant des messages, débattant de sujets et nouant des amitiés en ligne. Un des problèmes avec ces CEL est leur durabilité, car leur apparition et leur croissance initiale sont suivies d’une phase de stagnation où les usagers cessent d’afficher des commentaires, ce qui mène la communauté à mourir par manque d’activité. Tenter de prolonger la phase dynamique de croissance d’une CEL est un sujet pertinent pour tout administrateur de CEL. Une façon de maintenir le dynamisme d’une CEL est d’encourager les contributions.Ce courant de recherche se penche sur la façon dont les CEL peuvent prolonger leur phase dynamique, en considérant différents aspects, en particulier les mesures des contributions des usagers et la manière dont les nouveaux usagers d’une CEL se comportent. Je propose d’utiliser différentes mesures pour évaluer les contributions des usagers. Une des mesures pour identifier les contributeurs très actifs est une mesure bibliométrique non-invasive basée sur l’indice de Hirsch. Un autre aspect de cette recherche concerne la façon dont les nouveaux usagers se comportent et comment cela peut être expliqué par l’attachement préférentiel.Ce courant de recherche se penche sur la façon dont les CEL peuvent prolonger leur phase dynamique, en considérant différents aspects, en particulier les mesures des contributions des usagers et la manière dont les nouveaux usagers d’une CEL se comportent. Je propose d’utiliser différentes mesures pour évaluer les contributions des usagers. Une des mesures pour identifier les contributeurs très actifs est une mesure bibliométrique non-invasive basée sur l’indice de Hirsch. Un autre aspect de cette recherche concerne la façon dont les nouveaux usagers se comportent et comment cela peut être expliqué par l’attachement préférentiel.
... SNA is useful in identifying the scholars who occupy important positions in the ecological network (Johnson et al. 2010) such as those who can control the flow of information within the network or mediate collaboration among researchers. SNA can also provide insights into how researchers interact and how attributes of both individuals and/or groups facilitate or hinder high levels of interaction and productivity (Eaton et al. 1999). In relation to consumer behavior research, Eaton et al. (1999) investigated author clusters formed according to the number of published papers and related this productivity indicator with the values of network variables. ...
... SNA can also provide insights into how researchers interact and how attributes of both individuals and/or groups facilitate or hinder high levels of interaction and productivity (Eaton et al. 1999). In relation to consumer behavior research, Eaton et al. (1999) investigated author clusters formed according to the number of published papers and related this productivity indicator with the values of network variables. They concluded that more productive authors tended to collaborate more and control the structure of the network, exerting some sort of gravitational force in drawing collaborators towards them. ...
... Authors' productivity had low association with prominence (r = 0.33, p \ 0.001). For AP researchers, having multiple co-authorship relations may help in enhancing the authors' publication output, as was also reported by Eaton et al. (1999). ...
Although research from the Asia-Pacific region has been increasing, much is unknown about research trends, authors, and institutions in the region, especially in relation to learning and instruction. It is important to have an understanding of current research to identify its strengths and weaknesses and to chart future research directions. It is also useful to identify prominent and productive authors and institutions in the Asia-Pacific to enhance international and regional collaboration between researchers. Twelve top international journals from 2002 to 2011 in the fields of educational psychology, educational technology, and learning sciences were examined. New bibliometric measures, such as the q
2 index, as well as co-authorship network analysis, and cluster analysis methods were utilized to provide insights into Asia-Pacific authors and institutions in the field of learning and instruction research.
... A central actor in a coauthorship network can benefit from the knowledge flowing within the network to derive enhanced research performance outcomes. Thinking on these lines, prior research has investigated and identified the positive influence of centrality on research performance outcomes in co-authorship networks (Abbasi et al. 2011;Badar et al. 2013Badar et al. , 2014Eaton et al. 1999;Fischbach et al. 2011;Lee et al. 2012;Liao 2011); yet leaving some important research questions largely un-answered. First, is the relationship between network centrality and research performance strictly linear or curvilinear (inverted U-shaped)? ...
... Although few studies have explored the concept of centrality in academic co-authorship networks (Zurián et al. 2007;Gossart and Ö zman 2009;Newman 2004;Nagpaul 2002), they studied centrality as a tool to reveal the structural properties (such as identification of influential nodes) of the network and lack an insight about the outcomes of centrality for nodes in the network. In addition, while a few studies have investigated and identified the positive influence of centrality on performance outcomes in co-authorship networks (Abbasi et al. 2011;Eaton et al. 1999;Liao 2011), they lack an insight about the diminishing returns of different dimensions of centrality and the potential moderating effects of individual characteristics. ...
... Coming to the overall structure of the co-authorship network ( Fig. 1-Visualization of co-authorship network among faculty members) we see a densely connected large interconnected structure which is consistent with the findings of previous studies on co-authorship networks in various contexts (Eaton et al. 1999;Fischbach et al. 2011;Nascimento et al. 2003;Newman 2004). Thus generalizability about the network structure can be claimed. ...
This study explores the curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) association of three classical dimension of co-authorship network centrality, degree, closeness and betweenness and the research performance in terms of g-index, of authors embedded in a co-authorship network, considering formal rank of the authors as a moderator between network centrality and research performance. We use publication data from ISI Web of Science (from years 2002–2009), citation data using Publish or Perish software for years 2010–2013 and CV’s of faculty members. Using social network analysis techniques and Poisson regression, we explore our research questions in a domestic co-authorship network of 203 faculty members publishing in Chemistry and it’s sub-fields within a developing country, Pakistan. Our results reveal the curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) association of direct and distant co-authorship ties (degree centrality) with research performance with formal rank having a positive moderating role for lower ranked faculty.
... Social network analysis can reveal the interactions between authors, their affiliations, and their countries of affiliations in a scholarly publication (Donthu, Kumar, Mukherjee, et al., 2021). In particular, social network analysis helps analyze co-authorship structures by revealing a macro-network of all mostpublished authors, including the micro-networks linked to them (Eaton et al., 1999). A macronetwork means a large interconnected network loosely connecting authors on a particular topic in a research area (Eaton et al., 1999), resulting from the co-authorship of scientific papers (Acedo et al., 2006). ...
... In particular, social network analysis helps analyze co-authorship structures by revealing a macro-network of all mostpublished authors, including the micro-networks linked to them (Eaton et al., 1999). A macronetwork means a large interconnected network loosely connecting authors on a particular topic in a research area (Eaton et al., 1999), resulting from the co-authorship of scientific papers (Acedo et al., 2006). The social network unit analysis includes authors, affiliations, and countries of institutions (M Aria & Cuccurullo, 2017;Donthu, Kumar, Mukherjee, et al., 2021). ...
This study employs bibliometric analysis to evaluate 443 scholarly works on the topics of Indonesian Islamic banking published on 194 academic platforms, and authored by 1049 scholars. The machine learning tools i.e., R Studio and VOSviewer were employed to analyse the Scopus’ bibliographical data automatically harvested from the database. We developed four research questions based on the theories that are fundamental to bibliometric study, i.e., performance analysis, citation and co-citation analyses, bibliographic coupling and social network analysis, to identify the most impactful manuscripts, scholarly journals, authors, and institutions of affiliation. We further established the discussion of the current issues in Indonesian Islamic banking topics from the keyword analysis and the bibliographic coupling. These findings derive some recommendations for future research. This study provides a supply of scholarly novelty in the assessment of Indonesian Islamic banking publications which are both practically and theoretically importance to regulators, academia and industry professionals.
... Here, influence is defined as total betweenness centrality in the collaboration network-i.e., the number of times a researcher acts as a bridge along the shortest path between two other ArcticNet investigators. If an investigator is located on the shortest path between two other investigators, this affords her or him certain advantages in potential collaborations (Freeman, 1979). For instance, the more people depend on an investigator to make connections to others, the more influence that investigator has, and more opportunities to collaborate and publish (Brass, 1984;Burt, 2005). ...
... Betweenness centrality of investigators was calculated by quantifying the number of times an investigator acts as a bridge along the shortest path between two other ArcticNet investigators. If an investigator is located on the shortest path between two researchers, this affords her or him certain advantages in potential collaborations (Freeman, 1979). For instance, the more people depend on an investigator to make connections to others, the more influence that investigator has, and the more opportunities to collaborate (Brass, 1984;Burt, 2005). ...
There is growing recognition that gender diversity within research organizations can result in innovative research outcomes. It has also been recognized that gender homogeneity can undermine the quality and breadth of the research and may allow some to cast doubt on the legitimacy of scientific findings. In this paper, we present the results of a gender-based analysis of Canada’s ArcticNet Networks Centers of Excellence. Representing Canada’s single largest commitment to climate change science, ArcticNet has involved 761 researchers who have published >2400 peer-reviewed publications on the impacts of climate change in the Canadian Arctic. Our results indicate that, despite outnumbering their male peers at the graduate levels, the representation of women within ArcticNet exhibits a marked decline to only 21% (N = 51) of all ArcticNet investigators (N = 246). In addition to being numerically under-represented, female investigators in ArcticNet have fewer research collaborators and are generally less integrated into the network as compared to their male colleagues. Male investigators tend to form homophilious ties—publishing predominately with other males, whereas female investigators have heterophilious collaborations, with fewer peer-reviewed journal articles. Given the complexities of climate change research, particularly in the Arctic where the impacts of climate change are projected to be most extreme, the equitable inclusion of female scientists and other under-represented groups is crucial if sustainable solutions are to be found.
... They yield social capital, which is "available through, and derived from, the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit" (Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998, p. 243). In the context of academic scholarship, individual researchers are actors in social networks composed of professional cliques, which are likely to affect an academic article's development and impact (Eaton, Ward, Kumar, & Reingen, 1999;Friedkin, 1980). Access to social networks and the associated social capital provide two key benefits in this setting: (a) others' knowledge and experience can improve the quality of the research, and (b) social ties can help propagate the work by directly circulating it and by indirectly drawing attention to it through signaling (Ben-Ari, 1987;Gargiulo, 1993;Laband & Tollison, 2000). ...
... Prior research has highlighted the benefits of a large number of team members to a project's success, including more collective work hours, better problem solving, and higher levels of crossfertilization and judgment (Sethi, Smith, & Park, 2001). Since 1900, academia has witnessed a steady and noteworthy acceleration in the number of articles published by teams and an increase in team size due to the above advantages (Eaton et al., 1999;Laband & Tollison, 2000). More authors on a research initiative increase both the potential resources available to the research and the potential number of opportunities to present the work to peers and receive comments and suggestions, which may obviate the need to draw upon other resources, such as social ties (Stremersch et al., 2007). ...
The forces that drive the impact of academic research articles in the marketing discipline are of great interests to authors, editors, and the discipline's policy makers. A key understudied driver is social network utilization by academic researchers. In this paper, we examine how activating one's social network can contribute to the impact of academic research and what factors lead researchers to utilize their social network. We treat social networks as a resource that researchers can potentially invoke to supplement other resources available to them. We propose a framework of antecedents for the use of professional social networks by academics. The framework captures researchers' relevant personal and professional experience, as well as conditions associated with the project at hand. Specifically, we study an academic researcher's (1) personal background (gender and country of origin economic advancement), (2) professional development (time since PhD completion and editorial review board (ERB) membership), and (3) ad-hoc human capital directly involved in the research project (team size). The current study draws upon research from scientometrics, social networks, and resource availability and use, and involves an empirical analysis of a sample of 1329 articles published between 1980 and 2008 in top marketing journals. We predict and generally find that women researchers, researchers originating from less economically advanced countries, or those working with fewer co-authors on a research project are more likely to utilize their social network than their peers. We find weaker evidence for our prediction that years since PhD completion and ERB membership are negatively associated with social network utilization. Importantly, we further surmise and find that, in turn, social network utilization enhances the impact of a research article.
... Co-authorship is used over other possible relationship traits (e.g. citation, employed research theory or method; Cote et al., 1991;Robinson and Adier, 1981) because it implies a social bond (Eaton et al., 1999;Liu et al., 2005;Acedo et al., 2006;van der Merwe et al., 2007). Using the IMP Group as the focus of a network analysis is poignant in itself, as the academics who are loosely associated with this group can be characterised by their shared belief that issues of 'interactions', 'relationships', and 'networks' best characterise business-to-business exchanges (Ford and Hakansson, 2006). ...
... While anthropological enquiries are often used to get to grips with this question (Latour and Woolgar, 1986), we employ Social Network Analysis (SNA) to understand the governing principles of interactions in the IMP Group. Social networks and their structuralist analysis have been used in sociology and anthropology (Degenne and Forse, 1994;Wasserman and Faust, 1994;Berry et al., 2004;Moody, 2004) but have recently also been adopted in adjacent disciplines to analyse citation and co-publication patterns (Newman et al., 2003;Watts, 2004;Liu et al., 2005), e.g. in the broad area of management studies (Eaton et al., 1999;Morlacchi et al., 2005;Oh et al., 2005;Acedo et al., 2006;Carter et al., 2007, Vidgen et al, 2007. ...
The Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Group is a network of academic researchers working in the area of business-to-business marketing. The group meets every year to discuss and exchange ideas, with a conference having been held every year since 1984 (there was no meeting in 1987). In this paper, based upon the papers presented at the 22 conferences held to date, we undertake a Social Network Analysis in order to examine the degree of co-publishing that has taken place between this group of researchers. We identify the different components in this database, and examine the large main components in some detail. The egonets of three of the original ‘founding fathers’ are examined in detail, and we draw comparisons as to how their publishing strategies vary. Finally, the paper draws some more general conclusions as to the insights that SNA can bring to those working within business-to-business marketing.
... The [1,3,11,22]), the distribution of publications across researchers is highly skewed. The top 1 % most prolific researchers account for over 7 % publications, the top 5 % most prolific ones account for 24 % publications, the top 10 % most prolific ones account for 36 % publications, and the top 20 % most prolific ones account for 55 % publications. ...
... Of the 150 universities, 111 are in the USA, and the rest are in Europe, Canada, China, Singapore, Korea, Australia, Israel, and New Zealand. Appendix 1 lists the top 50 universities.3 The four leading marketing journals are well defined among the marketing academia. ...
We collect demographic and bibliographic data of all standing marketing faculties from the world’s top 150 universities to investigate the composition, research productivity, research impact, and career development of quantitative marketing (QT) scholars, using consumer behavior (CB) researchers as a reference. We find that the field of marketing is very male dominated, and male domination is much more salient in the QT area than in the CB area, but the whole discipline is moving towards a more balanced gender structure. The field is also becoming more international with declining percentage of North Americans. The proportion of non-marketing PhDs is decreasing, though the absolute number is increasing. In terms of research productivity and citation, after controlling for other factors, QT researchers underperform CB researchers in annual publications and total publications in most of the years, and they can never catch up with CBs in citations. When it comes to the three career milestones, QTs enjoy some advantage for the first job placement compared to CBs. However, they are less likely to obtain associate promotion. QT researchers are more likely to be promoted to full professorship should they pass the associate promotion. We find that citations do not matter for associate promotion, and surprisingly, neither do they matter much for full professorship promotion.
... The structural and dynamical properties of networks among researchers have been an important research subject for the last several decades (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Price originally proposed the key idea of preferential attachment and the resulting scale-free degree distributions for networks of scientific publications (1), which is now widely applied and utilized in various kinds of scientific fields (16)(17)(18). ...
Researchers' networks have been subject to active modeling and analysis. Earlier literature mostly focused on citation or co-authorship networks reconstructed from annotated scientific publication databases, which have several limitations. Recently, general-purpose web search engines have also been utilized to collect information about social networks. Here we reconstructed, using web search engines, a network representing the relatedness of researchers to their peers as well as to various research topics. Relatedness between researchers and research topics was characterized by visibility boost-increase of a researcher's visibility by focusing on a particular topic. It was observed that researchers who had high visibility boosts by the same research topic tended to be close to each other in their network. We calculated correlations between visibility boosts by research topics and researchers' interdisciplinarity at individual level (diversity of topics related to the researcher) and at social level (his/her centrality in the researchers' network). We found that visibility boosts by certain research topics were positively correlated with researchers' individual-level interdisciplinarity despite their negative correlations with the general popularity of researchers. It was also found that visibility boosts by network-related topics had positive correlations with researchers' social-level interdisciplinarity. Research topics' correlations with researchers' individual- and social-level interdisciplinarities were found to be nearly independent from each other. These findings suggest that the notion of "interdisciplinarity" of a researcher should be understood as a multi-dimensional concept that should be evaluated using multiple assessment means.
... This method enables researchers to summarize publication information, including the distribution of papers over time, authors, institutions, journals, and academic disciplines, and collaborations among authors and institutions. The analysis involves co-citation analysis [47], [48], coauthorship analysis [49], [50], and co-word analysis [51], [52]. ...
This research explores the diversity of topics related to environmental education issues and students’ environmental concerns regarding their behavior. The bibliometric method is a quantitative approach used to measure and investigate specific indicators within the literature published in a particular field. This method involves creating knowledge maps using extensive databases to identify patterns and trends. Using the keyword “environmental education” on Scopus from 2018 to 2023, 365 relevant documents were found. In the PRISMA flow diagram, the process started with 7550 traced documents, narrowing down to 2536 relevant documents through screening. From these, 776 related documents were chosen, and 573 relevant documents were recognized after the inclusion stage. Throughout, a total of 365 publications were included in the study. VOS viewer software was used to analyze data and generate bibliographic maps and networks. In the last five years, research on environmental education has experienced exciting fluctuations. Key sources like Sustainability Switzerland and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health have played a significant role. Research by Bogner, F.X. stands out, reflecting high interest in environmental issues and education within the scientific community. Universities such as Universidad de Granada and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia contribute significantly. The United States leads in publications. Environmental education research remains crucial for sustainable practices and environmental literacy despite fluctuations. This data provides essential guidance for future research planning. This research not only underscores the increasing research emphasis on the educational ramifications of pandemics but also identifies specific areas that warrant more extensive exploration.
... Marketing researchers have investigated the progression of marketing thought (Wilkie & Moore, 2003) as well as marketing research practices, patterns, and paradigms (Zinkhan, 2006). Other researchers have studied marketing research authorship (Eaton et al., 1999) and citation patterns (Peterson, 2005). In researching specific facets of the marketing literature, Nasir (2005) tracked the development, change, and transformation of management information systems by analysing articles published in business and marketing journals. ...
... Authors who most contributed to the evolution of the GMCR researcher co-authorship network in four periods of analysis in the unweighted network Moreover, studies point out a strong relationship between productivity and collaboration (Eaton et al. 1999;Lee and Bozeman 2005). In our study, it is observed that the growth in the number of publications was also accompanied by the expansion of the co-authorship network. ...
Over the 35 years of its existence, the Graph Model for Con-
flict Resolution (GMCR) has shown to be a valuable tool for conflict
analysis. Many developments and applications of the GMCR have been
made in this period. This paper aims to provide valuable information
for understanding the global panorama of research in the GMCR by
means of a scientometric and Social Network Analysis (SNA). To do so,
we utilize the software VOSviewer for examining papers from 1987 until
2021 published in journals which are listed in the Web of Science (WoS)
database. The results reveal insights about key countries, organizations,
authors and journals in the area providing valuable information for both
practitioners and researchers in terms of past developments and trends
for future research
... number of papers published) [6,55,95,117,244]. For instance, some studies have investigated the relationship between productivity and the structural role of authors in the co-authorship network, and have reported that authors who publish with many di erent co-authors bridge communication and tend to publish larger amounts of papers [58,110]. Since research productivity is captured by the h-index, co-authorship networks could potentially provide some insight into the impact of authors. ...
Online influence is the plinth of the social networks’ effect in our lives and its impact has been steeply increasing. From viral marketing to political campaigns and from news adoption to disease transmission, the way we are influenced by others is more prevalent than ever. In this thesis, we address the problem of efficiently learning and analyzing influence representations for numerous graph mining problems that are apropos.The first half of the thesis is devoted to the problem of influence maximization, an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. The aim is to find the nodes in a network that can maximize the spread of information, where the spread is typically defined by random influence probabilities and simple diffusion models. To address this, in the thesis' first part, we devise a node representation learning model based on diffusion cascades along with an adaptation of a traditional influence maximization algorithm that utilizes the output of the model. This framework surpasses competitive methods, evaluated in terms of computational time and the influence of the predicted seeds in cascades of the immediate future.The second part is devoted to learning how to perform influence maximization. We develop a graph neural network that inherently parameterizes an upper bound of influence estimation, and train it on small simulated graphs. We experimentally show that it can provide accurate estimations faster than the alternatives for graphs 10 times larger than the train set. Furthermore, we use the models’ predictions and representations to propose three new influence maximization methods. An adaptation of Cost Effective Lazy Forward that surpasses SOTA but with significant computational overhead, a Q-learning model that learns to retrieve seeds sequentially, and a submodular function that acts as proxy for the marginal gain and can be optimized adaptively and greedily with a theoretical guarantee. The latter strikes the best balance between efficiency and accuracy in our experiments.In the second half of the thesis, we focused on specific applications of influence in real data. In the third part we approach epidemic forecasting using influence learning. We utilize the inherent message passing of Graph Neural Networks to learn node representations based on mobility networks of a country’s regions and the history of the disease progression. These representations aim to capture how the epidemic diffuses through regions, and are used to predict the number of new COVID-19 cases with a forecasting window of up to 14 days. Furthermore, to capitalize on the lag of the COVID-19 spreading between countries, a meta-learning algorithm is proposed to transfer knowledge between models trained in some countries’ whole epidemic circle, to a model predicting cases for another country at the start of the outbreak, where the available training data is limited. Our approach outperforms baseline, time-series, and other deep learning models.In the final part, we analyze different versions of academic influence and device methods to quantify and predict it. Initially we utilize the Microsoft Academic Graph to build an author-citation network with billions of edges. We subsample it and perform directed-core decomposition to quantify it and visualize it through an interactive web-app. Subsequently we experiment with classifying the h-index of an author based on a GNN on her coauthorship graph and the text of her papers.We conclude the thesis with future directions regarding learning-based influence maximization with heterogeneous data and efficient neural network training through submodular active learning.
... Bu bağlamda ASDÖ çalışmalarının "atıf (citation)", "bibliyografik eşleştirme (bibliographic-coupling)", "ortak atıf (co-citation)", "ortak yazarlılık (co-authorship)" ve "birlikte bulunma (co-occurrence)" yapılarının, dokümanlar, kaynaklar, yazarlar, kurumlar ve ülkelere göre ağ haritası çıkarılmıştır. Bu kavramlardan, "atıf analizi", bir belgenin başka bir belgede bahsedilme durumunun (Franceschini, Maisano and Mastrogiacomo, 2015;Kim and McMillan, 2008;Smith, 1981;Yu and Shi, 2015); "bibliyografik eşleştirme analizi", bir ya da daha fazla refaransın, iki yayında ortak atıf yapılma durumunun (Freire and Verissimo, 2020;Kessler, 1963;Shah, Lei, Ali, Doronin and Hussain, 2019;van Eck and Waltman, 2017); "ortak atıf analizi", aynı yayından atıf almış belgelerin (Hou, Yang and Chen, 2018;Small, 1973;Trujillo and Long, 2018;White and McCain, 1998); "birlikte bulunma analizi", yayınlarda anahtar kelimelerin birlikte kullanımlarının (Cancino, Merigó, Coronado, Dessouky, and Dessouky, 2017;Laengle vd., 2017;Zhao, 2017) ve "ortak yazarlılık analizi", araştırmacıların ortak çalışmalar içerisinde bulunma durumlarının analiz edilmesidir (Chen, Yu, Cheng and Hao, 2019;Eaton, Ward, Kumar and Reingen, 1999). ...
... e., number of papers published) [62,4,29,11,24]. For instance, some studies have investigated the relationship between productivity and the structural role of authors in the co-authorship network, and have reported that authors who publish with many different co-authors bridge communication and tend to publish larger amounts of papers [12,28]. Since research productivity is captured by the ℎ-index, co-authorship networks could potentially provide some insight into the impact of authors. ...
Scientific impact has been the center of extended debate regarding its accuracy and reliability. From hiring committees in academic institutions to governmental agencies that distribute funding, an author's scientific success as measured by the h-index is a vital point to their career. The objective of this work is to investigate whether the collaboration patterns of an author are good predictors of the author's future h-index. Although not directly related to each other, a more intense collaboration can result into increased productivity which can potentially have an impact on the author's future h-index. In this paper, we capitalize on recent advances in graph neural networks and we examine the possibility of predicting the h-index relying solely on the author's collaboration and the textual content of a subset of their papers. We perform our experiments on a large-scale network consisting of more than 1 million authors that have published papers in computer science venues and more than 37 million edges. The task is a six-months-ahead forecast, i.e. what the h-index of each author will be after six months. Our experiments indicate that there is indeed some relationship between the future h-index of an author and their structural role in the co-authorship network. Furthermore, we found that the proposed method outperforms standard machine learning techniques based on simple graph metrics along with node representations learned from the textual content of the author's papers.
... The definition made by Katz and Martin (1997) on research partnership among researchers implies working together to achieve common goal of producing new scientific knowledge. Lee and Bozeman (2005, 673-702), Hauptman (2005) and Bammer (2008) and Eaton, Ward, Kumar and Reingen (1999) and Ponomariov and Boardman (2010) argue that, in research partnership/ collaboration is of great significance to researchers. It helps scholars to share their workloads, experiences, specific expertise and particular skills, which could become resources, for fresh ideas, and possibly increase, research output of academics. ...
Partnership is not a new phenomenon in the university environment. It embraces strategies used by people with common interest to harvest knowledge in terms of sharing or collaboration. However, the case differs with collaborations in Library and Information Science (LIS) research in Africa, especially LIS scholars in African universities in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Paucity of empirical literature is available on research collaboration among LIS scholars in Nigerian and Zimbabwean universities. The purpose of the study was to examine partnership among librarians, with reflection on observation and interview research reports in three universities in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The study adopted a qualitative approach using interview to gather data from librarians drawn from three Nigerian and Zimbabwean universities. The qualitative research approach grounded on content analysis of documents/literature, observation and interview method was use for the study. The observation focus on the authors’ exposition in the sampled universities environment, while the interview were key informants from each of the three countries universities sampled. The study consider the collaborative theory through grounded method. The findings of the study revealed lack of trust in the individual or groups collaborator; team members have the feeling that the project they are collaborating on is of little benefit, due to poor relationship. Team members see themselves as contender or challenger; which has affected leadership issue and involvement of long meetings and inability to address the truth. In terms of the influence of collaboration on professional growth of librarians, result demonstrated enhancement of teaching aspect of librarianship, learning and research quality; promote cooperation, coordination, which in turn increased level of intensity, tenacity and interaction among members. Linkage among LIS professional ranges from networking, cooperation, alliances, coordination and partnership, coalition and eventually collaboration. Challenges reported include catastrophic consequent on negative effect of work, culture and stylistic parameters including concept, attitude and professional hindrances. dominance impact of policies and procedures of collaboration, exploitation of the weak members, lack of clarity and rationale behind the collaboration, unwillingness to change by members in collaboration, lack of socialisation, largeness of the group, wrong membership and jettisoning of members ideas which eventually make some members take the decision of quitting the team. The study recommends inter-disciplinary, intra-institutional and inter-institutional collaboration among various stakeholders in LIS education and training.
... 2,36 Extended social networks also lead to building larger academic research teams, which directly contribute to the article's quality. 37 Scientific collaboration not only increases a chance for publication but most importantly it increases its impact. 38,39 The number of ties activated within social network can facilitate the transfer of information and knowledge, resulting in improved performance outcomes, 34 including citations. ...
Universities are evaluated more often basing on the citation scores of their employees, schools translate this pressure onto the scholars. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to identify whether how the use of social networking sites (SNS) may enhance the impact of the research and thus contribute to the academic success in terms of citations; and to gain a more comprehensive understanding of which SNS may have a positive relation to the academic citations. This study drew from the research on social networks, SNS, and higher education; and empirical study results. Researcher's SNS use is positively correlated with the academic citations rate-the higher the scholar's presence in academic, professional, relationship, microblogging SNS, the higher scholarly success. This paper explores the association between the researcher's social media presence on fathomable SNS (ResearchGate, LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter) and the level of citations-academic success.
... An example of this is the one carried out by Pike (2010), who, when using the impact index (h), determined that researchers with high h indexes tend to collaborate with other high impact scientists, while those with a low index of impact they seem not to want to collaborate with others less successful than them. Other studies have identified the positive influence between the centrality of researchers and the efficiency in co-authored networks: Badar, Hite and Badir (2014) in Pakistan's chemistry scientists; Bordons, Aparicio, González-Albo and Díaz-Faes (2015) in the nanoscience, pharmacology and statistics of Spain; Eaton, Ward, Kumar and Reingen (1999) While the aforementioned studies have rigorously proven that the centrality of the network leads to the performance hypothesis -while others show that the degrees and types of collaboration differ from country to country and from discipline to discipline (Newman, 2004a, 2004b, Liberman and Wolf, 2013Yu Cheng Wah Hen, Piew Tan and Fai Fok, 2013) -; The case of researchers in environmental sciences has not been analyzed with the same depth as it has been for other sciences, although among them is that of Pike (2010) for behavioral ecology under a correlational approach between the coefficient of clustering and scientific impact, and that of Kumar and Mohd (2014) for land scientists in India, in which they concluded with the existence of a strong correlation between degree centralization and intermediation with the author's productivity ( number of jobs). ...
En México los investigadores más destacados son distinguidos por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología. Aunque en la literatura internacional se han estudiado las redes de coautoría de los investigadores y el impacto de sus publicaciones, en el contexto mexicano este tipo de estudios son incipientes, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo consistió en explorar la correlación entre dos métricas de centralidad y el índice h de los investigadores ambientalistas eméritos, niveles dos y tres del país. Para ello, el método de investigación se fundamentó en la correlación de Pearson entre las métricas de centralidad de grado y de cercanía con el índice h. Se concluye que, a pesar de que los investigadores ambientalistas publican en forma colaborativa, por lo que promedian altos valores de centralidad de grado, no existe correlación con el impacto de sus publicaciones.
... A bibliometric analysis is applied to measure and analyze certain indicators in literature published in a specific domain quantitatively and to generate knowledge maps on the basis of a large database (Hung, 2012;Thelwall, 2008;Zeng & Chini, 2017). It allows researchers to summarize publication information regarding the distribution of paper by year, author, institution, journal, and discipline, the collaboration among authors and institutions, as well as the advanced co-citation (Culnan, 1986;White & McCain, 1998), co-author (Eaton, Ward, Kumar, & Reingen, 1999;Peters & Van Raan, 1991), and co-word analyses (Callon, Courtial, Turner, & Bauin, 1983;Ding, Chowdhury, & Foo, 2001). The development of visual analytics applications (e.g., CiteSpace, CitNetExplorer, Gephi, Pajek, VOSviewer; see features and function of a battery of visual analytic tools from Pradham, 2016) has enabled the analysis, construction, and visualization of bibliometric networks. ...
Parallel to the recent advancements in information and communications technologies, research on multimedia learning has generated a number of theories and empirical findings. Numerous trends and issues have emerged, showing the complex and dynamic nature of multimedia learning and the associated scholarship. To provide a comprehensive knowledge map and an overview of recent research on multimedia learning, 411 peer-reviewed articles from 1996 to 2016 were analyzed to describe the empirical work in multimedia learning. A bibliometric approach was applied to reveal the most common keywords and terms and their interactions via co-word analysis. The results showed that cognitive load is the highest co-occurred keyword and that animation provided the highest number of co-occurrence relationships with other keywords in our sample. Five clusters of research trends were identified: theoretical foundations of multimedia learning, representations and principles, instructional design and individual differences, motivation and metacognition, and video and hypermedia. Despite the high co-occurrence of the terms "memory", "working memory", and "cognitive load", only a few studies examined the role of individual differences in cognition such as working memory capacity in multimedia learning. The multimedia learning principles most commonly discussed in the last two decades of research are redundancy, contiguity, and coherence. Thus, more research should be conducted to empirically test the many other principles recently discussed in the Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning and address the issue of individual differences in attention and cognition during learning with multimedia.
... No entanto, quais outros fatores poderiam ser incorporados no processo de avaliação de desempenho? Vários estudos, como os de Eaton et al. (1999) e Lee e Bozeman (2005), apontam uma forte relação entre produtividade e colaboração. A pesquisa de Hart (2000) mostra que a colaboração leva à "melhoria da qualidade das publicações". ...
In this paper, we build a co-authorship network among CNPq’s
research prductivity fellows in the area of Industrial Engineering and analyze
which SNA metrics impact on their productivity levels. Our results indicate that
the level of productivity has significant positive Spearman correlation with five
out of seven metrics analyzed. We conclude that the researchers who assume
the role of “intermediator”, who have a higher number of connections or are
able to more easily establish publications partnerships, tend to have higher
levels of productivity. In addition, it was observed that collaborating frequently
with the same researchers has no impact in the productivity level.
... This literature begins from the premise that, nowadays, MOS 'teams -rather than individuals -are increasingly dominating the production of impactful published works' (Jonsen et al., 2012: 394). Some contributors use network analysis to interrogate co-authorship patterns in fields, including consumer behaviour (Eaton et al., 1999), family business (Debicki et al., 2009), international business (Chan et al., 2008), marketing (Goldenberg et al., 2010) and service management (Martins et al., 2012). The same approach is used to explore these connections in individual journals, such as Public Administration Review (Slack et al., 1996), the Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management (Yang et al., 2009) and the Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management (Wynstra, 2010). ...
Management and organization studies commentary on how authors experience peer review of journal papers suggests that it can be an overly interventionist process which reduces the originality and coherence of eventual publications. In the literature on co-authorship, this argument is reversed. Here, free riders who do not contribute fully to research collaborations and the practice of gift authorships are problematized, and it is argued that everyone involved in writing a published paper should be rewarded with co-authorship. In this article, qualitative interviews with 12 management and organization studies academics see respondents describing peer review as a transaction during which reviewers – and editors – actually co-author published papers. But their perspectives on this vary with the subject position from which they are speaking. When they speak as reviewers or editors, this co-authorship is depicted as a collegiate gift, a professional obligation or a process where authors might over-rely on reviewers’ generosity. When they speak as authors or their proxies, it is characterized as reproducing disciplinary orthodoxy and ethnocentric exclusion, perpetuating disciplinary cliques, creating disorganized papers and constituting excessive interference with authorial privilege. These various perspectives on peer review deserve more attention in our empirical studies of academic labour. They also suggest we should reflect more on when, how and why we collaborate in our research and on how much we should recognize additional co-authors on (or resist their input into) ‘our’ work.
... The concept of social capital and social network analysis have been applied in studies of co-authorship and research productivity in many previous studies. [1,23,24,25,26,27] These studies have reproduced social networks of researchers and co-authorship relations among them in various disciplines and have established a strong positive link between different characteristics of social networks representing co-authorships and author productivity. In addition, these studies showed a relation between publication productivity and an author's position in relation to other researchers in the networks, which might indicate that the form of co-authorship with others does impact productivity. ...
... These results had already been reported by Barnett et al. (1988) as the reason that leads researchers to work together. Other works, such as Eaton et al. (1999) and Lee & Bozeman (2005), also point productivity as a result of collaboration. Hart (2000) shows that collaboration improves the quality of publications. ...
In this article, we have built a co-authorship network among researchers with CNPQ grant in research productivity (PQ) in the area of Industrial Engineering and analyzewhich SocialNetwork Analysis metrics impact their productivity level. Unlike other studies that mostly analyze unweighted networks, ours explored more broadly the network since the metrics were calculated in three ways: unweighted, including the edgesweights and including the edges and nodes’ attributes. Thus, the generated results are more precise and detailed since more information is obtained. We consider the h-index of the researchers as the nodes’ attributes and measured the impact using Kendall correlation. We show that geographical distance is still a barrier to collaboration among PQs in this area and that collaboration with researchers with different levels of grant has the greatest impact in the level of the grant a researcher has.
... Em busca de entender outros fatores e outros níveis de análise, para além das categorias macrossociológicas que apontamos acima, há diversos estudos recentes que apontam que um dos fatores fundamentais a serem considerados como forma de explicação dos resultados de produtividade científica dos pesquisadores está relacionado ao modo como eles colaboram entre si e terminam por constituir redes de colaboração científica. Eaton et al. (1999) sugere uma forte relação entre o número de coautores e a produtividade científica, apontando que quem tem mais coautores tende a publicar mais artigos. Melin (2000), pesquisando a produção científica e os motivos de colaboração de 195 professores universitários, chega a três importantes conclusões: os resultados da pesquisa são difíceis de colocar em um esquema causal, não sendo fácil entender que razões levam a que resultados, apontando que o estudo de como essas relações dependem umas das outras deveria ser pesquisado em futuros trabalhos. ...
Resumo O entendimento das causas e as principais razões que influenciam o modo como os pesquisadores se articulam e constroem suas redes de colaboração científica ainda é uma questão em aberto na pesquisa acadêmica. De fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento de novos indicadores e modos de avaliação da produção científica, o conceito de redes sociais permite operar novos planos de análise, contribuindo com seus aspectos estruturais e dinâmicos ao estudo dos mecanismos e gatilhos causais que levam à constituição dessas redes de colaboração científica. A obtenção de atributos individuais dos pesquisadores, de dados de constituição das redes ao longo do tempo e o modo de desambiguação dos nomes que compõem essas redes de colaboração têm se mostrado os principais desafios de estudos das redes. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever como concebemos uma maneira de estudar as redes de colaboração de uma universidade, com foco específico na Universidade de São Paulo, identificando suas principais estratégias de conectividade e mecanismos causais, além de encontrar as relações entre suas redes e diferentes níveis de produtividade científica de seus participantes. Vale frisar que o artigo apenas descreve as questões da pesquisa e o modo de tratá-las, ficando sua execução para os próximos passos deste trabalho de pesquisa. Para tanto, pretende utilizar como base de análise uma Biblioteca de Produção Científica Institucional em desenvolvimento pelo SiBi/USP, que coleta os artigos publicados por membros da universidade em bases de dados de indexação de revistas nacionais e internacionais, tais como Scielo, Web of Science e BioMed, além da utilização da base de dados institucional para obtenção dos atributos individuais dos pesquisadores participantes dessas redes de colaboração.
Palavras-chave análise de redes sociais, indicadores, cientometria, modelos causais.
Abstract The understanding of the causes that influence how researchers articulate and build their scientific collaboration networks is still an open question in academic research. Of fundamental importance for the development of new indicators and methods of evaluation of scientific literature, the concept of social networking helps operate new levels of analysis, contributing their structural and dynamic aspects to the study of causal mechanisms and triggers that lead to the formation of these networks of scientific collaboration. Obtaining attributes of individual researchers, data on the constitution of networks over time and mode of disambiguation of the names that make up these collaboration networks have been the main challenges in the area of research networks. The purpose of this article is to describe how we designed a way to study a university’s collaboration networks, focusing on the University of São Paulo, and identifying their key strategies, connectivity and causal mechanisms, as well as finding links between their networks and different levels of participants’ productivity. It should be noted that this article only describes the research questions and how to treat them, leaving their implementation to the next steps of this research. The database used for analysis was the Institutional Scientific Production being developed by Sibi/USP, which collects articles published by members of the university indexed in national and international databases such as Scielo, Web of Science and BioMed, as well as an institutional database to obtain the individual attributes of the researchers participating in these networks.
Keywords social network analysis, indicators, scientometrics, causal model
... Willett, (2007) 14 this paper reviews the articles published in the Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling. Eaton, Ward, Kumar, & Reingen, (1999) 15 this study examines the relation between author productivity and the network structure of the journals from 1977 to 1996. ...
This Scientometric analysis based on total 13888 research publications published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology (JTO) during the selected ten years between 2006 and 2015. Source and citation data have been downloaded from the Web of Science (WoS) database of Thomson–Reuters. Histcite software is used to analysis the dataset; the analysis covers parameters like most productive authors, word frequency, document type, ranking of institution and countries. Additionally the citespace software is utilized to analysis the article for knowledge mapping.
... An actor in a co-authorship network can benefit from the knowledge flowing within the network to derive enhanced research performance outcomes; a highly central actor is structurally positioned to benefit more so than others less central. Previous studies have investigated and identified the positive influence of network centrality on research performance outcomes in co-authorship networks in various contexts (Badar et al., 2013(Badar et al., , 2014Bordons et al., 2015;Eaton et al., 1999;Fischbach et al., 2011;Gonzalez-Brambila et al., 2013;Gonzalez-Brambila, 2014;Lee et al., 2012;Li et al., 2013;Liao, 2011). In addition, a few studies have also reported diminishing returns of network centrality for authors in the co-authorship network (Badar et al., 2015;McFayden and Cannella, 2004;Rotolo and Petruzzelli, 2013). ...
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of the relationship between a scholar’s research performance (using weighted journal-impact factor average) and their degree centrality; the impact of author-homophily (in terms of gender, institutional sector, academic age, academic ranks, province and city) on this relationship is investigated as well. Design/methodology/approach: Using scientific publishing data and journal-impact factors from Thomson Reuters’ ISI Web of Science (SCI) and Journal Citation Reports, respectively, the domestic co-authorship network of chemistry researchers in Pakistan during 2002-2009 was constructed then modeled via ordinary least squares regression. Findings: Results show that the personal characteristics of a researcher do not necessarily lead to high degree centrality, i.e. attributes may not be causal to co-author relationships. Instead, high degree centrality is more so a function of the forerunning research performance of the researcher: those whom publish more in terms of impact factor, attract more co-authors (high degree centrality). Moreover, the relationship between research performance and degree centrality is positively moderated by age and province homophily and negatively moderated by city homophily. Research limitations/implications: Data are sourced wholly from the Pakistani chemistry research community; results many not be generalizable to other sub-populations or the wider research community. Practical implications: The findings provide insights to performance-seeking authors: knowing that their research performance enhances their centrality, which in-turn may lead to increased research performance and various other desirable professional outcomes. In addition, researchers can look toward establishing similar (homophilous) or dissimilar (heterophilous) ties knowing that the relationship between research performance and centrality will likely be stronger when similarity or dissimilarity exists. Social implications: This study supports the idea that high research performance attracts more potential co-authors, which in-turn may lead to ever greater research performance, which suggests that the research community will be fragmented between high- and low-performing researchers. Also researcher will have similar or dissimilar ties in terms of various characteristics which in turn moderate the research performance centrality relationship. Originality/value: This paper counteracts the empirical belief that researchers are attractive as potential co-authors according to their personal and professional characteristics. It is actually their research performance and homophily or heterophily of their ties which matters.
... Limited empirical data tend to support the view that practices consistent with scientific norms can result in better management. For example, diverse authorship affiliations in FWS Recovery Plans is associated with improved use of biological information in the plans' management objectives (Gerber and Schultz, 2001), consistent with the broader idea that collaboration and authorship diversity increases opportunities for knowledge creation and research quality in both academic (Eaton et al., 1999;Liao, 2011) and research agency (Goldfinch et al., 2003) settings. However, it is clear that non-scientific factors often drive ESA decisions, despite the Act's science-only mandate: the frequencies of both Recovery Plan approval and listing decisions are significantly lower during Republican presidential administrations than for Democratic administrations (Stinchcombe, 2000). ...
The United States Congress passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1973, a law aimed at preventing the extinction of rare species. Since then, the ESA has become increasingly politicized in the U.S., adding to the difficulty of ESA implementation and endangered species management, while species continue to go extinct at alarming rates. The ESA is among the first statues to include a “best available science” mandate, requiring that agencies use the best scientific and commercial data to guide key decisions. Because the way in which agencies use science under the ESA is often the legal basis for litigation, it is timely and pertinent to evaluate the federal agencies' sources of information—and their uses of this information. The “best” available science and its use are each moving targets, difficult to define in the abstract. However, a straightforward way of evaluating these ideas is to compare the use of science by each of the two administrative agencies in charge of implementing the ESA, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA). Here, we use bibliographic data, litigation records, authorship affiliation, and related data to ask whether the two agencies' use of scientific information differs systematically. Overall, we find that NOAA draws more deeply from the scientific literature and is somewhat better buffered from changes in political administration than is FWS. These results suggest NOAA's implementation is more closely aligned with commonly held ideas of good scientific practice than that of FWS, although in some cases these differences could also result from the different amounts of available information on the species each agency manages. We then interpret these findings in the context of each agency's budget, structure, and history and highlight specific policy mechanisms that would allow the agencies to improve endangered species management, and reduce their own exposure to litigation, by improving their use of high-quality scientific information
... São muitas as referências sobre a relação direta entre produtividade e o trabalho colaborativo entre autores (Autry & Griffis, 2005;Costa & Meadows, 2000;Eaton, Ward, & Reingen, 1999;Harande, 2001;Meadows & Lemos, 1999;Pao, 1982;Rodrigues, 2004;Roesch, 2003). Em outras palavras: quanto mais disposto a colaborar com os colegas e a receber a colaboração destes em seus trabalhos, maior a sua produção. ...
Public administration scholarship has been a dynamic field of study since the discipline was established. While struggling with an identity crisis of whether it is part of political science or is an independent discipline, public administration has evolved to become an important area of study. Scholars have recognised and appreciated the need to evolve with the discipline, which explains the change in topics and thematic areas of research over the decades. This study sought to examine the nature of changes public administration scholarship has experienced since the turn of the new millennium. The 21st century has brought with it new set of experiences, as well as expectations that have in turn shaped the issues that are being studied in the field. Furthermore, with globalisation also on the rise, the question of who and from where public administration scholarship is making contributions has become increasingly important, especially considering the voices of the global south and women in leading journals. Apart from that, there is a growing concern over the scientific nature and rigor of studies/research being done within departments of public administration. Therefore, this study also examines the trending methodological orientation of public administration research since the year 2000. Funding has become a key factor in academic research, and it has become a sign of how relevant a discipline is, depending on the amount of research funding which scholars in that field are able to attract. The paper also presents findings on the trends in funding public administration research since the year 2000.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) serve as a common aim that brings many nations together, led by the United Nations with the purpose to achieve a set of 17 targets by 2030. One very important factor in achieving these aims is finance. The advancement in financial development all around the world will be able to speed up achieving SDGs where governments, policymakers, and people will be able to grow the economic development and infrastructure of the country, provide adequate job opportunities for many people, reduce poverty, as well as improve sustainability around the world. In opposition to that, some researchers see the advancement in financial development as an activity that will jeopardize achieving SDGs as financial development might lead to the production of carbon footprints at a faster rate. Using bibliometric analysis, this paper was able to discover that there is an increase in attention and interest in the field with the rise in publications in recent years, especially in 2022. Furthermore, this paper also identifies research hotspots within the field while also finding and analyzing the most impactful authors and publications on the topic. Ultimately, this paper hopes to provide a better definition for the relationship between financial development and SDGs with the use of bibliometric analysis, where data is collected from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer.
For more than forty years, professionals and academics have undertaken scholarly research in the field of logistics, attempting to expand the knowledge base of the discipline, and thereby improve logistics practice. This study represents an initial investigation of logistics researchers who have participated in the development of the field. Using a comprehensive database of published logistics articles from four leading journals, social network theory is applied for analysis of logistics researcher productivity and collaboration. Results of the exploratory study indicate that high levels of researcher productivity are present in logistics; however, the results also show that the discipline would benefit significantly from more collaborative effort blending researcher backgrounds and perspectives across major research groups, which are currently somewhat isolated. Implications for future logistics research are discussed, advocating more collaborative research production within the field.
Purpose
This study aims to contribute to the relevant body of knowledge by examining the bibliometric studies related to tourism and hospitality indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database from a bibliometric perspective (evaluative and relational techniques).
Design/methodology/approach
The WoS database was used to obtain studies to be reviewed. A total of 136 studies were analyzed and visualized in terms of evaluative and relational techniques, and a subject categorization was made.
Findings
“Tourism management” and “tourism and hospitality” are the two fields of research where bibliometric studies are carried out more frequently. Evaluative techniques were used in most studies while relational techniques, such as co-word, co-author, co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling, were performed less. Relational techniques indicate that the words “bibliometric analysis” and “tourism” are frequently used together in the studies examined; the most common authorship cooperation is between China and USA.
Research limitations/implications
This study provides an overview of bibliometric studies in tourism and hospitality literature. It expands the previous literature and shows study topics that are more focused by examining the abstracts and contents of articles published in journals in different WoS categories.
Practical implications
Findings related to evaluative and relational techniques can serve as useful information for researchers, who are new to the field.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the current knowledge accumulation by its lack of year, country, region and language limits.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of social media (SM) in supporting international research. The study is based on a sample of 797 scholars who published their papers in the Financial Times Top 45 management journals in the years 2013–2015. Data were collected through observations conducted mainly on SM and university sites and analyzed by using negative binomial regression. It was found that the international collaboration of the research team is positively associated with the presence of the first author on Academic Social Networking Sites (ASNSs) as ResearchGate and Academia.edu. Despite the fact that juniors are more likely to be present in SM platforms, the senior position of the first author was positively associated with the international collaboration, which can be explained by the fact that senior academics have accumulated more extensive bridging social capital. The identified relationship indicates that professional SM serves as a tool to establish a digital footprint not only in business but also in academia. As well as the need for further investigation of the role and potential of ASNSs to foster newer and more efficient forms of international research collaboration.
In Brazil, graduate courses are evaluated by the National Graduate Program System and regulated by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), an agency linked to the Ministry of Education (MEC). The intellectual production of the faculty of the programs is the main criteria in determining a program’s grade. In this study, we verified whether the grade attributed to the programs is dependent on the co-authorship network of the faculty of the program. Particularly, we analyze whether programs composed mostly by faculty members who cooperate in academic productions and have a more central position in the co-authorship network perform better than those with faculty with fewer collaboration. The paper concludes that there is a relation between the programs’ grade and the number of faculty members that collaborates in their intellectual productions. It is also concluded that programs that improved the grade are composed mainly of faculty members with high centrality or have few faculty members with low centrality measures. Moreover, programs that have decreased their grade are formed mainly by faculty members with low centrality measures or with few faculty members with high centrality measures.
Representation and analysis of publication data in the form of a network has become a common method of illustrating and evaluating the scientific output of a group or of a scientific field.
Co-authorship networks also reveal patterns and collaboration practices. In this paper we propose the use of a hypergraph model—a generalized network—to represent publication data by considering papers as hypergraph nodes. Hyperedges, connecting the nodes, represent the authors connecting all their papers. We show that this representation is more straightforward than other authorship network models.
Using the hypergraph model we propose a collaboration measure of an author that reflects the influence of that author over the collaborations of its co-authors. We illustrate the introduced concepts by analyzing publishing data of computer scientists and mathematicians in Romania over a 10 year period.
Para avançar na construção do conhecimento, pesquisadores precisam compreender o que já foi estudado sobre determinado tema, de forma que seja possível identificar padrões e exceções que permitam a elaboração de novas proposições de pesquisa. Sendo o consumo uma área de estudo ampla e relativamente madura, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender como está o campo de pesquisa na última década, buscando ressaltar temas de principal interesse, autores relevantes, países de publicação, entre outras informações que podem ser úteis para direcionar estudos futuros nessa linha de estudos. A metodologia é baseada em técnicas bibliométricas de coleta de informações de cada artigo publicado no período nas revistas analisadas. Foram analisados 3.373 artigos de 8 revistas que publicam sobre consumo no período de 2006 a 2016. À luz das informações alcançadas com essa pesquisa é possível visualizar um quadro do desenvolvimento dos estudos sobre consumo, fornecendo direcionamento para estudos futuros
Doctoral programs are under continuous pressure to justify their mission, their training and their graduates’ success. To better understand the challenges and prospects facing doctoral education in marketing, this paper first reviews the extant literature and then proposes a model of marketing doctoral program performance. This conceptual framework provides a schematic view of many of the important antecedents, program inputs, and external influences that impinge upon the outcome performance of doctoral programs in marketing. Subsequently, the results of a survey of 84 doctoral program directors regarding the challenges faced today by marketing doctoral programs and opinions about anticipated changes likely to occur in doctoral programs are then described. Lastly, implications derived from both our review and summary model as well as the survey of doctoral program directors and our own experiences are discussed.
Information Systems (IS) researchers have increasingly focused attention on understanding the identity of our field (Hirschheim & Klein 2003; Lyytinen & King 2004). One facet of any discipline’s identity is the social aspect of how its scholars actually conduct their work (DeSanctis 2003), which is formally labeled as the study of sociology of science. Contributing to this tradition of work, we empirically examine scholarly influence (Acedo et al., 2006); scientific collaboration, including metrics that capture the prevalence of c-oauthored work; antecedents to co-authorship; and the effect of co-authorship on subsequent citations. Based on analyzing five leading IS journals for a period of seven years, we found that co-authored papers have become increasingly common in leading IS journals and that co-authoring continues to be more prevalent in journals published in North America compared to European journals. Moreover, we found significant effects of homophily related to gender, homophily/proximity, and geography. IS scholars worldwide exhibit a stronger preference for collaborating with co-authors of the same sex and those who attended the same PhD program than one would expect by chance. We also examined differences among journals and found some intriguing results for the effect of co-authorship on citations. Overall, we found evidence that the number of co-authors was positively related to citations although there was some variance across journals. These findings point to a need for more research to better understand both the processes of collaboration and the drivers and downstream benefits associated with it. © 2015, Association for Information Systems. All rights reserved.
This study looks at small to medium sized online community (OC) and tries to identify ways to measure impact of the contributions of the users of the OC. OC's are dependent on contributions of their users to maintain the health of the OC. Measuring the health of an OC by identifying those users that have most influence and thus create more activity and finally more people the visit the OC is an important activity to the stakeholders in the OC. In order to measure these high end users we are extending previous research to include a two part measure. First, using the Hirsch metrics to measure the productivity and impact of user contributions and second, using social network analysis to see those users that have high centrality measures in the network of posters and readers of the OC. This study looks at one University sports fan site to measure the influence of their users and found some correlation between the Hirsch measures and the centrality measures. © (2013) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.
This paper aimed to use bibliometrics and social network analysis to compare the characteristics of research articles on information needs and information seeking published from 1962 to 2009. The results found that both the number of information needs journal articles and information seeking journal articles has been obviously rising since 1991. About 70 percent of journal articles on information needs and information seeking are coauthored papers, respectively. Only about 8 percent of journal articles are coauthored by researchers from different countries. Most of the top 10 prolific authors are also the top 10 coauthors with the highest betweenness centrality. Related studies on information needs and information seeking could be found across many disciplines. Among them, most articles on information needs published in journals of medicine, while most articles on information seeking published in journals of library and information science.
This study explores the social ecology of publication productivity in the Journal of Consumer Research (Volumes 1 through 20). It examines the distribution of scholarly productivity as it relates to collaborative networks of authors. It is found that these networks resemble tree-like structures with successful scholars as their "trunks" and collaborators as the branches. Thus, we find structural effects of network centrality of authors on their individual publication productivity and of network density on network publication productivity.
This article examines the development of social marketing research from 1998 to 2012. Drawing upon journal and database searches, 867 articles were retrieved and then analyzed in the light of the content analysis method. The article indicates that social marketing has captured increasing research attention, as evidenced by the growing number of articles published. U.S.- and U.K.-based researchers and institutions have contributed significantly to shaping knowledge in the field. Public health has predominantly been the research topic and hence more articles have been published in health-related journals than in marketing-related journals. Substantial research has focused on downstream social marketing, while the upstream and critical dimension has been given limited attention. Behavior change theories underlying social marketing studies were not always reported, leading to difficulties in identifying common factors in effective interventions. Social marketing research has been dominated by qualitative methods, although both quantitative and mixed methods are gaining prominence. Limitations to the article are discussed and gaps for further research indicated. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav.
Following previous research findings, this paper argues that the currently predominant method of evaluating scholar performance - publication counts in “quality” journals - is flawed due to the subjectivity inherent in the generation of the list of approved journals and absence of a definition of quality. Truex, Cuellar, and Takeda (2009) improved on this method by substituting a measurement of “influence” using the Hirsch statistics to measure ideational influence. Since the h-family statistics are a measure of productivity and the uptake of a scholar’s ideas expressed in publications, this methodology privileges the uptake of a scholar’s ideas over the venue of publication. Influence is built through other means than by having one’s papers read and cited. The interaction between scholars resulting in co-authored papers is another way to build scholarly influence. This aspect of scholarly influence, which the authors term social influence, can be assessed by Social Network Analysis (SNA) metrics that examine the nature and strength of coauthoring networks among IS Scholars. The paper demonstrates the method of assessing social influence by analysis of the social network of AMCIS scholars and compares the results of this analysis with other co-authorship networks from the ECIS and ICIS communities.
In this paper, we propose a new method to evaluate the importance of nodes in a given network. The proposed method is based on the PageRank algorithm. However, we have made necessary improvements to combine the importance of the node itself and that of its community status. First, we propose an improved method to better evaluate the real impact of a paper. The proposed method calibrates the real influence of a paper over time. Then we propose a scheme of evaluating the contribution of each author in a paper. We later develop a new method to combine the information of the author itself and the structure of the co-author network. We use the number of co-authorship to calculate the effective distance between two authors, and evaluate the strength of their influence to each other with the law of gravity. The strength of influence is used to build a new network of authors, which is a comprehensive topological representation of both the quality of the node and its role in network. Finally, we apply our method to the Erdos co-author community and AMiner Citation Network to identify the most influential authors.
For more than forty years, professionals and academics have undertaken .scholarly research in the ft eld of logistics, attempting to expand the knowledge base of the discipline, atid thereby improve logistics practice. This study represetus an initial investigation of logistics researchers who have participated in the development of the field. Using a comprehensive database of published logislics articles from four leading Journals, social network theory /.v applied for analysis of logistics researcher productivity and collaboration. Results of the exploratory .study indicate that high levels of researcher productivity are present in logistics; however, the results al.so show ihat the discipline would benefit significantly from more collaborative effort blending researcher backgrounds and perspectives across major research group.s, which are currently somewhat isolated. Implications for future logistics research are discussed, advocating more collaborative research production within the field.
Studies of science and technology have used the social network concept beginning with the idea of a “scientific community.” An increase in the use of quantitative network analysis has characterized the past two decades, as techniques have diffused into the field from mainstream sociology and from communication research. Three main classes of studies are considered: (1) those which focus on intra-organizational ties; (2) those which focus on interorganizational relations (including quantitative studies of “specialties”); (3) bibliometric networks (linkages of technical products rather than personnel). Our review of network approaches illustrates their power and generality but reveals serious deficiencies at all levels of analysis.
One of the most striking features of the growth of "science studies" in recent years has been the separation of science from technology. Sociological studies of new knowledge in science abound, as do studies of technological innovation, but thus far there has been little attempt to bring such bodies of work together.1 It may well be the case that science and technology are essentially different and that different approaches to their study are warranted. However, until the attempt to treat them within the same analytical endeavor has been undertaken, we cannot be sure of this. It is the contention of this chapter that the study of science and the study of technology should, and indeed can, benefit from each other. In particular we argue that the social constructivist view that is prevalent within the sociology of science and also emerging within the sociology of technology provides a useful starting paint. We set out the constitutive questions that such a unified social constructivist approach must address analytically and empirically. This chapter falls into three main sections. In the first part we outline various strands of argumentation and review bodies of literature that we consider to be relevant to our goals. We then discuss the two specific approaches from which our integrated viewpoint has developed: the "Empirical Programme of Relativism" (Collins 1981d) and a social constructivist approach to the study of technology (Bijker et al. 1984). In the third part we bring these two approaches together and give some empirical examples. We conclude by summarizing our provisional findings and by indicating the directions in which we believe the program can most usefully be pursued. © 2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved.
The need for an integrated social constructivist approach towards the study of science and technology is outlined. Within such a programme both scientific facts and technological artefacts are to be understood as social constructs. Literature on the sociology of science, the science-technology relationship, and technology studies is reviewed. The empirical programme of relativism within the sociology of scientific knowledge and a recent study of the social construction of technological artefacts are combined to produce the new approach. The concepts of `interpretative flexibility' and `closure mechanism', and the notion of `social group' are developed and illustrated by reference to a study of solar physics and a study of the development of the bicycle. The paper concludes by setting out some of the terrain to be explored in future studies.
In this paper we apply co-author analysis to create from a large set of publications clusters of collaborating researchers within a faculty of chemical engineering. Results have been discussed with an expert. The co-author clusters appeared to be meaningful, with respect to the identification of research groups, the relations within these groups, as well as to relations between these groups and changes in time. Also differences between ISI-based and non-ISI based maps proved to be consistent with the expert's opinion. Many clusters represent collaborating authors grouped around a full professor, mostly the department chairman. Co-author analysis can be used, for example, as an important tool in evaluative bibliometrics in order to make a first identification of research groups in unknown universities or organizations.
This study explores the analysis of citations in the Journal of Consumer Research (JCR) during its first 15 years of publication. We review previous work on citation analysis in marketing and consumer research, and we argue for the value of a more complex approach based on patterns of cocitation. Toward this end, we develop a data base that draws on the work of the 42 most frequently published authors in JCR in the first 15 years. We introduce a new, two-stage procedure to investigate the underlying structure in the from-versus-to or citing-cited matrix based on numbers of references among these authors. Our procedure yields a scale of citing-cited asymmetry for the 42 consumer researchers, a ''citation-similarity space'' showing patterns of symmetric citation among the researchers, and measures of research atypicality. These separate yet complementary results give interesting insights into patterns of cocitation among consumer behavior researchers and thereby appear to reflect the intellectual structure of consumer research.
PRESENTS AN OUTLINE AND PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF A GROUP WHICH CONSTITUTES THE GREATER PART OF A SINGLE INVISIBLE COLLEGE. INVISIBLE COLLEGE REFERS TO THAT "INGROUP" IN EACH OF THE MORE ACTIVELY PURSUED AND HIGHLY COMPETITIVE SPECIALTIES IN THE SCIENCES. GROUP MEMBERS CLAIM TO BE REASONABLY IN TOUCH WITH EVERYONE WHO IS CONTRIBUTING MATERIALLY TO RESEARCH IN THEIR AREA NOT ONLY NATIONALLY, BUT INTERNATIONALLY AS WELL. "THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS STUDY ARE CONSIDERABLE FOR ANALYZING THE SOCIAL LIFE OF SCIENCE AND THE NATURE OF COLLABORATION AND COMMUNICATION AT THE RESEARCH FRONT . . . . PERHAPS THE RECENT ACCELERATION IN THE AMOUNT OF MULTIPLE AUTHORSHIP IN SEVERAL REGIONS OF SCIENCE IS DUE PARTLY TO THE BUILDING OF A NEW COMMUNICATION MECHANISM DERIVING FROM THE INCREASED MOBILITY OF SCIENTISTS, AND PARTLY TO AN EFFORT TO UTILIZE LARGER AND LARGER QUANTITIES OF LOWER-LEVEL RESEARCH MANPOWER. IF THIS IS SO, THEN THE CONVENTIONAL EXPLANATION OF COLLABORATION, AS THE UTILIZATION OF MANY DIFFERENT SKILLS AND PAIRS OF HANDS TO DO A SINGLE JOB OTHERWISE IMPOSSIBLE TO PERFORM, IS WOEFULLY INADEQUATE AND MISLEADING."
The distribution of recognition in a scientific field is affected by its growth rate and the extent to which its members focus on recent rather than older work. Using a model of the distribution of citations among the members of a field, we show that a higher field growth rate increases seniority-specific citation rates for individual scientists, and also increases the degree of inequality in the citation rates for the field as a whole. The citation of recent rather than older work reduces such inequality by discounting the older contributions of senior members of a field. Failure to take such effects into account may lead to erroneous conclusions in comparative analyses of inequality among scientific fields. We also argue that comparative analyses of other forms of inequality, such as cross-national analyses of inequality in income and wealth, are affected by structural variables analogous to those that operate in science.
Studies of scientific communication have relied on citation indices and bibliographies for data. We examined papers to see how much influence appears as references in bibliographies. We found that very little does.
Science is analyzed as a special case of marketing-the marketing of ideas in the form of substantive and methodological theories. The marketing mix, target markets, and marketing objectives are developed for the scientific arena, and a formal analysis of a relativistic/constructionist view of science is used to support the approach. This view is contrasted with the positivistic/empiricist perspective of science currently dominant in marketing and other social sciences. Recommendations are offered for improved methods of developing knowledge.
At the frontiers of an active area of science, social structure based upon communication is demonstrated. Using sociometric techniques, an informal communication network was identified which included 73% of the scientists. Within the network was a core group of scientists who were the focus of a disproportionately large number of contacts and who were differentiated from others by greater productivity, higher citation record and wider readership. Information transferred to these scientists is so situated that it could be transmitted to 95% of the network scientists through one intermediary scientist or less.
For centuries knowledge meant proven knowledge — proven either by the power of the intellect or by the evidence of the senses. Wisdom and intellectual integrity demanded that one must desist from unproven utterances and minimize, even in thought, the gap between speculation and established knowledge. The proving power of the intellect or the senses was questioned by the sceptics more than two thousand years ago; but they were browbeaten into confusion by the glory of Newtonian physics. Einstein’s results again turned the tables and now very few philosophers or scientists still think that scientific knowledge is, or can be, proven knowledge. But few realize that with this the whole classical structure of intellectual values falls in ruins and has to be replaced: one cannot simply water down the ideal of proven truth - as some logical empiricists do — to the ideal of’probable truth’1 or — as some sociologists of knowledge do — to ‘truth by [changing] consensus’.2
A triangulation strategy, employing a number of network analysis techniques, was implemented in the study of a single social network of biomedical scientists specializing in lipid metabolism research. Here we present the results of co-word analysis of grants awarded to these scientist by the National Institutes of Health, network analysis (NEGOPY) and factor analysis of the scientists' responses on a sociometric roster instrument, preliminary results of a co-citation analysis of their publications, and qualitative analysis of their responses to interviews and questionnaires. The findings are discussed in light of the relative information that the various techniques contribute to the understanding of the social relationships among the members of this scientific speciality.
A general account is presented of the emergence, growth, and decline of scientific research networks and their associated problem areas. Research networks are seen to pass through three phases. The first, exploratory phase is distinguished by a lack of effective communication among participants and by the pursuit of imprecisely defined problems. The second phase is one of rapid growth, associated with increasing social and intellectual integration, made possible by improved communication. An increasingly precise scientific consensus gradually emerges from a process of negotiation, in which those participants who are members of the scientific elite exert most influence. But as consensus is achieved the problem area becomes less scientifically fruitful; and as the network grows, career opportunities diminish. Consequently, the third, final phase is one of decline and disbandment of the network, together with the movement of participants to new areas of scientific opportunity.
The communication patterns (1977 through 1988) between the JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH (JCR) and other related disciplines are examined from a social exchange perspective. As one way of assessing scientific status, we completed a citation analysis to consider both the journals that JCR authors cite and the journals that cite JCR. The results reveal that JCR performs an important bridging function between the psychology and marketing literatures. However, JCR has had considerably less impact on other cognate disciplines, in particular those represented by the members of its policy board. In general, we find that JCR does appear to be making some progress in achieving its goal of becoming an interdisciplinary consumer research publication. Copyright 1992 by the University of Chicago.
This article employs citation analysis to investigate empirically the influence of the "Journal of Consumer Research" (JCR) on the social science literature. Some 7,166 citations from the Social Science Citation Index (1974-89) were made to 537 articles published in JCR between 1974 and 1986. The results show that most research appearing in JCR is used and that research in the journal has an influence on other disciplines. Consumer research, marketing, and psychology were the largest users of JCR. Empirical articles have the single largest influence on the literature, although review and theory articles have a disproportionate influence. Copyright 1991 by the University of Chicago.
This article explicates a critical relativist perspective on research in consumer and buyer behavior. It is argued that a relativistic construal of this area is far superior to a positivistic approach because: (1) it provides a more accurate description of how knowledge is actually generated in the field, (2) it offers a more rigorous and tough-minded approach to the evaluation of knowledge claims in the discipline, and (3) it suggests a framework for coming to grips with the various problems that arise in day-to-day research. In so doing, the article develops a new model of the research generation process in social science and employs a well-known “case study” in consumer research to illustrate many of its key points.
toward the measurement extreme; and Lynch, Chakravarti, and Biehal toward the microextreme. Note from Figure 1 that the authors in each of these clusters are linked together by co-author relationships
- Wallendorf
- Belk
- Holbrook
- Lehmann
- Moore
Wallendorf and Belk toward the macroextreme; Holbrook, Lehmann, and Moore toward the measurement extreme; and Lynch, Chakravarti, and Biehal toward the microextreme. Note from Figure 1 that the authors in each of these clusters are linked together by co-author relationships.