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P01-224 - Associations Between Attempted Suicide, Violent Life Events, Depression, Resilience and Suicide by Early Adulthood
Abstract
Objectives
Were violent/non-violent traumatic life events and victimization by/witnessing violence associates of attempted suicide among depressed adolescents who were also less resilient at early adulthood?
Method
The present study examined a subset of mainly depressed, age-and-gender matched, adolescents derived from a representative sample of 2464 students (T1, mean age = 13.7 years) followed-up after one year (T2Q) and reassessed 5 years later (T3, n = 252, mean age = 20.0 years, 73% participation), with a questionnaire, including the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and K-SADS-PL psychiatric interviews which also tapped traumatic life events.
Results & Conclusion
Logistic regression analyses revealed that attempters were victims, not witnesses of violence; more depressed and less resilient than non-attempters, and that resilience was a moderator of lifetime violent events and attempted suicide, even in the presence of antecedent depression.
... Resilience is a psychological construct related to coping (Maier and Watkins, 2010). Recently, we reported that resilience moderated the relationship between the direct experience of violence and attempted suicide up to early adulthood, even in the presence of depression during middle adolescence (Nrugham et al., 2010). Based on these findings, we expected to find consistently increased scores on depression and on avoidant and emotional coping among attempters and to a greater extent, among repeaters, compared with nonattempters. ...
... Blind interviews were conducted by experienced clinicians trained in the use of K-SADS-PL. Interview integrity was maintained with an average J of 0.83 at T2 and 0.80 at T3 with the co-author A.M.S. (see Nrugham et al., 2010, for more details). ...
... In turn, without task-oriented coping skills, they may get overwhelmed by their stressors. The protective nature of task-oriented coping found in this study is in line with an earlier report of the protective influence of resilience in the same sample (Nrugham et al., 2010). ...
Relationships between depression and coping among nonattempters, attempters, and repeaters of suicidal acts were examined across adolescence. A representative sample of students (T1: n = 2464; mean age, 13.7 years; 50.8% female; 88.3% participation) was reassessed with the same questionnaire after 1 year (T2). High scorers on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire were gender- and age-matched randomly with low and middle scorers. This subset was assessed using diagnostic interviews at T2 (n = 345, 94% participation) and 5 years later using the same interview and questionnaire (T3, n = 252; mean age, 20.0 years; 73% participation). The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations measured coping as three stable traits. Coping changed partly with age, depression, and attempt status. Differences in depression emerged before coping differences and remained stable. Consistently, repeaters reported higher depression and lesser task-oriented coping. Antecedent depression predicted decreased task-oriented coping and increased emotional coping at age 20 years.
... Numerous studies have examined the relationships between trauma exposure and resilience, and have shown current measures of resilience to be inversely related to PTSD symptoms (Aiena et al., 2016;Pitts et al., 2016;Scali et al., 2012), anxiety and depression (Ristevska-Dimitrovska et al., 2015;Morote et al., 2017), suicidality (Bezdjian et al., 2015;Nrugham et al., 2010;Rossetti et al., 2017;Roy et al., 2011), substance use (Chmitorz et al., 2018), and mixed findings concerning social dysfunction (Chmitorz et al., 2018;Smith et al., 2008). Current measures have also shown resilience to be positively correlated with constructs such as authenticity (Di Fabio and Palazzeschi, 2015) and psychological well-being (Mayordomo et al., 2016;Rapport et al., 2019). ...
Recovery from trauma can be naturally occurring or facilitated through psychotherapy. Few brief measures exist to provide clinicians with dispositional, empirical assessments of patient’s sentiments during psychotherapy.
This manuscript presents the Dispositional Recovery and Dysfunction Inventory (DRDI), a measure created to assist clinicians in evaluating patient’s treatment progress during psychotherapy, as well as evaluates its factor structure, reliability estimates, measurement invariance, and correlates.
The DRDI was created based on feedback from experts with experience treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and was structurally validated in two distinct populations. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted in sample 1 consisting of (N = 401) university students. Confirmatory Factor Analysis, measure validity, and structure validation were then conducted in sample 2 (N = 249) composed of 49% individuals with clinically significant PTSD symptoms.
Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the DRDI was best represented by a two-factor correlated traits model representing sentiments related to dispositional recovery and dysfunctional cognitions. The recovery subscale exhibited relationships with convergent measures including authenticity and psychological hardiness (r’s of .30 to .60). The dysfunctional beliefs subscale exhibited relationships with convergent measures: PTSD, depression, suicidality, and stress (r’s of .55 to 80). Measurement invariance across gender and PTSD status was observed. Initial findings indicate that the DRDI has the potential to be a useful tool to assess individuals’ beliefs about their propensity to recover from and thrive through adversity.
... The analyses of this study were limited to these 252 young adults. More details provided in Nrugham, Holen & Sund, 2010. ...
Background & Aim: The current study examined non-attempters,
attempters and repeaters of suicide attempts in relation to stressful
life events and their levels of depression symptoms in an extracted
subset that was followed up from adolescence into early adulthood.
Did repeaters consistently report more stressful events and depression than single attempters and non-attempters? If yes, was this increase of events located in the family or at school or in the domain of self and friends? Method: A representative sample of high school students (T1, n = 2464, mean age = 13.7 years, 50.8% female, 88.3% participation) was re-assessed with the same questionnaire after a year (T2Q). High scorers of depression on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) were matched for gender and age with low-and-middle scorers and assessed diagnostically by face-to-face interviews at T2I (n = 345, 94% participation). The interviewed subset was reassessed again 5 years later (T3) with the same questionnaire (n = 252, mean age = 20.0 years, 73% participation) and by telephone interviews. Stressful events were detected from a list of three domains. Results: Repeaters of suicide attempts reported more stressful events and were consistently more depressed. Differences in domains of stressful life events were also observed.
Conclusion: Interventions including healthy coping in relation to
stressful events and depression among adolescents may prevent
suicide. Key words: longitudinal, K-SADS, adolescents, young adults.
Aim: Little is known about the relationship between age and levels of resilience following a major disaster. The aim of this pilot study was to determine self-rated levels of resilience of young, middle-aged and older adult survivors of the 2011 Joplin tornado 3 years’ post-disaster.
Methods: A mixed-methods design of a 25-item survey and focus groups was used to study three distinct adult age groups (young, 18–39 years; middle-aged, 40–64 years; and older, 65 or more years). A total of 182 individuals completed the survey, and 20 participated in one of three age-specific focus groups.
Results: Overall, 162 of the 182 tornado survivors reported normal-to-high resiliency 3 years after the event. However, 20 of the 182 participants had a total mean score of 62 or below, which is consistent with generalized anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. No statistical difference was found in resilience according to the three age groups.
Conclusion: Although the majority of participants reported normal-to-high resiliency, a small but troubling proportion of survivors reported difficulty in adjusting to the effects of the disaster 3 years after the event. Age did not appear to be a significant factor in resiliency of the participants.
Published research on suicidality among Norwegian youth and publications describing interventions were summarized in order to access the current status of knowledge building via empirical research.
A systematic Medline search identified 29 studies on risk factors on the entire spectrum of suicidal phenomena from self-harm without suicidal ideation to completed suicide with the mean age at/under 25 years. A specialist Norwegian journal, Suicidologi, was searched for additional matter, especially interventions.
Most studies focussed on psychological and psychiatric risk factors of attempted suicide. Other suicidal phenomena, psychosocial and societal risk factors, and impact of interventions were hardly studied. Depression, previous suicidal behaviour, alcohol use and non-intact parental unit were consistent significant risk factors found in suicide and attempted suicide studies.
Supporting non-intact parental units and the maintenance of intact parental units along with early detection and management of suicide attempts, depression and alcohol use should be targeted as suicide prevention interventions among adolescents.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.