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How Do People Evaluate a Web Site's Credibility?
... E como aferimos a sua credibilidade? De acordo com Fogg et al. (2002a), do mesmo modo que julgamos uma pessoa pela aparência: através das primeiras impressões, presumindo que o que é bonito é bom. ...
... Estudos recentes defendem que o modo como os utilizadores fazem a avaliação de websites não é, como se poderia supor, com base em critérios rigorosos (Princeton Survey Research Associates, 2002). Política de privacidade, identidade do website, patrocinadores, serviço ao cliente e dupla verificação da informação são muitas vezes descartados em favor de julgamentos feitos com base no aspeto visual das páginas (Fogg et al., 2002a;Eysenbach, 2008;Robins e Holmes, 2008;Sillence et al., 2006). ...
... É da responsabilidade do designer antecipar, planear e moldar de forma positiva a experiência do utilizador, tornando-a útil, significativa, agradável e marcante. Optou-se por restringir o campo de aplicação a websites do setor da saúde, mais especificamente páginas iniciais de hospitais e clínicas, assumindo-se empiricamente que a importância do design visual para a perceção de credibilidade pode variar consoante a temática dos websites (Fogg et al., 2002a). A escolha deste campo de aplicação foi orientada por duas razões principais: -A gravidade, comparativamente a outras áreas, das consequências que ações resultantes de informação dúbia ou errónea podem ter na saúde, ao contribuir para riscos sérios na condição física e mental das pessoas. ...
This study investigates the relationship between the visual design of websites in the health sector, notably hospitals' and clinics' websites, and the credibility awarded to them by users. The credibility assessment of online health information is particularly important due to its common use as a means of self-diagnosis, where the actions resulting from dubious and erroneous information may have dire consequences, especially if compared to other areas. In the online context, and in particular to websites, four categories of awarded credibility are identified: presumed (based on personal assumptions); reputed (based on the prestige and reputation of the sources); earned (based on past experience) and surface (based on the visual characteristics of the pages). This research, with an empirical basis, focuses on superficial credibility and tests the theoretical assumption that web pages with good visual design are perceived as more credible than pages with poor visual design. It also seeks to identify the visual elements that exert more influence on the perception of credibility and verifies the existence of judgement variations depending on users' demographic profile and computer skills. The findings clearly show the existence of a strong correlation between the quality of the visual design of a web page and the perception of its credibility, thus verifying that websites with good visual appearance are effectively perceived as more credible than websites with poor visual appearance. Imagery, organisation and visual structure, colours and patterns are the main factors for the attribution of credibility. This study is the first to try and isolate the visual component of websites, minimising the impact of other factors such as textual content, logos and visual references of sources, in order to assess specifically the importance and influence of visual appearance in the perception of credibility. It is also the first, in the Portuguese context, to examine the relationship between visual design and perceived credibility of websites in the health sector, and a precursor in the identification of the visual elements that contribute to the perception of superficial credibility.
... Prior research shows that, when users have no knowledge of the source of a website and the source's characteristics, UI features such as information design and design look are used to determine the credibility of a website (Fogg et al. 2002;Hong 2006). Thus, in our study, we asked participants in an online survey to rate and comment on all four designs of mobile websites in terms of perceived aesthetics, usability and credibility based on their first impression. ...
... In this section, we provide an overview of the concepts of aesthetics, usability and credibility. These three web design attributes are widely recognized and studied in the literature (Fogg et al. 2002;Hong 2006;Oyibo & Vassileva 2017). ...
... We review a cross-section of them. In the desktop domain, Fogg et al. (2002) carried out a study on what predominantly determines web credibility. They found that design look and information design are the strongest determinants of web credibility. ...
... A pertinent debate among scholars and practitioners relates to the question of content volume (sometimes called "amount") versus user behavior. While there seems to be a consensus that content impact behavior, there is no agreement on volume of content: On the one hand, research shows that more content promotes trust (Gefen, 2000;Lee & Turban, 2001;Luhmann, 2000) and contributes to persuasion and ultimately conversion (Cialdini, 2009;Fogg et al., 2002;Li & Chatterjee, 2010). On the other hand, content was suggested to alienate users by increasing effort and friction (Geissler, Zinkhan, & Watson, 2006;Kahneman, 1973;Norton, Frost, & Ariely, 2007;Song & Schwarz, 2010;Vishwanath, 2004). ...
... When processing heuristically, individuals can use certain cues, rules of thumb, or surface features to determine whether to comply with a request (Cialdini, 2009). Research on credibility has also highlighted the need for elaboration, for example using online content to highpoint expertise or specify services (Fogg, 1998;Fogg et al., 2001;Fogg et al., 2002;Laja, 2014;Tseng & Fogg, 1999). ...
... "Perceived value", "Trust", "Persuasion and influence", and "Quality" are often connected with long form, elaboration or greater content volume. For example, Gefen (2000) and Eisingerich and Bell (2008) provided empirical evidence that greater volume of information elicit familiarity and trust; Fogg et al. (2002) empirically demonstrated that elaboration and content volume are important fac-tors when aiming to persuade and influence consumers online; and Mavlanova et al. (2015) provided evidence that greater content volume signal quality and impact perceived value. ...
Does more information elicit users compliance and engagement, or the other way around? This paper explores the relationship between content strategy and user experience (UX). Specifically, we examine how the amount of information provided on marketing web pages, often called landing pages,impact users willingness to provide their e-mail address (a behavior called conversion in marketing terms). We describe the results of two large-scale online experiments (n= 535 and n= 27,900) conducted in real-world commercial settings. The observed results indicate a negative correlation between the amount of information on a web page and users decision-making and engagement.
... The decision-making processes that make users comply online -disclose personal information or make a purchase -have been extensively researched in various domains. However, with regards to content, there is still a conceptual confusion resulting from competing models and theoretical underpinnings: on the one hand, research shows that more content eliminates uncertainty and reduces risk, therefore increasing trust (Cialdini, 2009;Fogg et al., 2002;Gefen, 2000;Lee & Turban, 2001;Li & Chatterjee, 2010;Luhmann, 2000). On the other hand, less content was suggested to reduce complexity and decrease effort, therefore increasing ease of use (Geissler, Zinkhan, & Watson, 2006;Kahneman, 1973;Norton, Frost, & Ariely, 2007;Song & Schwarz, 2010;Vishwanath, 2004). ...
... The six universal principles of social influence support to supplying information on authority, reciprocity, scarcity, social validation, likability and commitment and consistency (Cialdini, 2009;Cialdini & Goldstein, 2002, 2004. Research on credibility has also highlighted the need for elaboration, for example, using online content to highpoint expertise or specify services (Fogg, 1998;Fogg et al., 2001Fogg et al., , 2002Laja, 2014;Tseng & Fogg, 1999). ...
... For example, Gefen (2000) and Eisingerich and Bell (2008) provided empirical evidence that greater volumes of information elicit familiarity and trust. Fogg et al. (2002) empirically demonstrated that elaboration and content volume are important factors when aiming to persuade and influence consumers online. Mavlanova et al. (2015) provided evidence that greater content volume signals quality and impacts perceived value. ...
Does more information elicit users’ compliance and engagement? This paper explores the relationship between content strategy and user experience (UX). Specifically, we examine how the amount of information provided on marketing web pages, often called “landing pages,” impact users’ willingness to provide their e-mail address (a behavior called “conversion” in marketing terms). We describe the results of two large-scale online experiments (n= 535 and n= 27,900) conducted in real-world commercial settings. The observed findings demonstrate a negative correlation between the amount of information on a web page and users’ decision-making and engagement.
... V roce 2005 jsme na základě již používaných zahraničních kategorizačních systémů Soohoo;Danielson et al. 2002;podrobněji viz Mareš;Lukas 2007) vyvinuli vlastní kategorizační systém, který měl lépe vyhovovat potřebám analýzy webových prezentací škol. Postupovali jsme tak, že jsme vybrali náhodně 20 internetových prezentací škol ze sledovaného vzorku. ...
... V roce 2005 jsme na základě již používaných zahraničních kategorizačních systémů Soohoo;Danielson et al. 2002;podrobněji viz Mareš;Lukas 2007) vyvinuli vlastní kategorizační systém, který měl lépe vyhovovat potřebám analýzy webových prezentací škol. Postupovali jsme tak, že jsme vybrali náhodně 20 internetových prezentací škol ze sledovaného vzorku. ...
... S ohledem na charakteristiky většiny uživatelů (žáci, rodiče) je pro vytváření konkrétní silné vizuální představy o škole a jejím vnitřním životě důležitá (srov. Fogg et al. 2002) i poslední sledovaná charakteristikafotogalerie. Do ní jsme zahrnuli fotogra ckou dokumentaci z různých akcí a aktivit školy. ...
Anotace: Výzkumná studie navazuje na výsledky analýzy internetových prezenta-cí českých základních škol nazákladě 20 formálních iobsahových kritérií provedené vroce 2005. Kpůvodnímu vzorku 205 základních škol náhodně vybraných, bylo dohle-dáno jejich 104 reálně existujících internetových prezentací, se vracíme potřech letech asnažíme se postihnout změny nalezené na149 prezentacích existujících vroce 2008. Internetová prezentace školy je zde opět představována jako nástroj komunikace školy – tj. samotných aktérů edukačního procesu, ijako odraz vnitřního sociálního prostředí školy, tj. jako jeden zmožných indikátorů sociálního klimatu školy. Klíčová slova: základní škola, internet, internetová prezentace školy, analýza interne-tové prezentace školy, komunikace, sociální klima školy. Abstract: The study presents the results of two analyses of 104 primary school web presentations in 2005 and of 149 school web presentations in 2008. Schools (N=205) were randomly selected from acomplete list of primary schools and analyzed existing web presentations and their changes between 2005 and 2008. The analysis used 20 criteria focused on web structure, design, and most saliently on communication goals. The are framed by the conceptualization of aschool web presentation as one of indicators of school climate.
... A definição de credibilidade varia consoante a área de estudo: para as ciências da informação a credibilidade é um constructo objetivo (propriedade de uma fonte, objeto ou informação), incidindo principalmente na credibilidade da informação em termos qualitativos, classificando-a como útil, boa, relevante, fiável, rigorosa, por exemplo (Flanagin e Metzger, 2008). 13 Para as ciências da comunicação e psicologia a credibilidade reporta-se à perceção subjetiva do recetor, tratando principalmente a credibilidade da fonte (Tseng e Fogg, 1999;Fogg et al., 2002a;Warnick, 2004;Sundar, 2008;Flanagin e Metzger, 2008 Os mesmos autores associam competência com conhecimento, experiência e perícia. ...
... Com a crescente popularidade da Internet, ligada ao seu baixo custo e fácil acessibilidade, os critérios tradicionais de aferição da credibilidade, nomeadamente associados à autoria, deixam de fazer sentido (Warnick, 2004;Cloran e Irwin, 2005). A web constitui um ambiente sem autoria ("an authorless environment"), nas palavras de verificava nos meios de comunicação tradicionais analógicos em que os custos e a complexidade do processo de produção e disseminação da informação impunham limites ao número de fornecedores de conteúdo (Flanagin e Metzger, 2008 (Fogg et al., 2002a;Warnick, 2004;Metzger, 2007;Flanagin e Metzger, 2007;Eysenbach, 2008 (Flanagin e Metzger, 2007). ...
... • Na comparação direta entre páginas web (objetos de estudo), solicitando aos inquiridos a escolha de apenas uma (Alsudani e Casey,2009;Fogg et al., 2002a); ...
Esta dissertação explora a relação entre o design visual de websites de Instituições de Ensino Superior, nomeadamente de Universidades, e a credibilidade que lhes é atribuída pelo público. Os websites deste tipo de organização constituem uma poderosa ferramenta representacional e de comunicação com o exterior, e assumem particular relevância na captação de estudantes, na medida em que constituem a primeira (e muitas vezes a única) interface com potenciais alunos.
No contexto online, e especificamente em relação a websites, identificam-se quatro categorias de credibilidade atribuída: credibilidade presumida (baseada em suposições pessoais); credibilidade reputada (baseada no prestigio e reputação das fontes); credibilidade adquirida (baseada em experiências passadas) e credibilidade superficial (baseada nas características visuais das páginas).
O estudo empírico aqui desenvolvido centra-se no domínio da credibilidade superficial e testa o pressuposto teórico de que páginas web com bom design visual são percecionadas como mais credíveis do que páginas com mau design visual. Identifica os elementos que maior influência têm sobre a credibilidade percecionada e verifica ainda se existem diferenças de avaliação em função do perfil demográfico e competências informáticas dos utilizadores.
Os resultados obtidos demonstram claramente a existência de correlação entre a qualidade do design visual de uma página web e a perceção da sua credibilidade: websites com boa aparência visual são efetivamente percecionados como mais credíveis do que websites com má aparência visual. Para a atribuição de credibilidade concorrem sobretudo a organização e estrutura visual, a imagética, as cores e os padrões.
Este estudo é o primeiro a procurar isolar a componente visual de um website, de modo a que a aferição da credibilidade se realize exclusivamente com base na aparência. É também o primeiro a estudar a relação entre o design visual e a perceção de credibilidade aplicada a websites de Instituições de Ensino Superior, e precursor na identificação das propriedades visuais que mais contribuem para a perceção da credibilidade superficial.
Palavras-chave:
“Design Visual”, “Perceção”, “Credibilidade”, “Websites”, “Ensino Superior”, “Universidades”.
... In human-computer interaction (HCI), visual and information designs are important to users when assessing the credibility of a website (Fogg et al. 2002;Shirk 2016). If these are not well implemented in an e-commerce website, for example, vendors may lose potential customers as a result of poor presentation and organization of information. ...
... In this study, we focused on investigating how the layout of information, colour temperature, aesthetics-type and age influence the perception of visual aesthetics of mobile websites in the tourism domain. We chose this domain because research has shown that information design is instrumental to an effective search for information in travel websites (Fogg et al. 2002). Research has also shown that visual design, e.g., colour scheme (Oyibo et al. 2016), is important as well. ...
... Early research on how people assess credibility defined the concept simply as trustworthiness, expertise and believability (Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 1953), terms which are still used by credibility researchers today (Fogg, et al., 2003). For a highly visual and dynamic medium like the Web, evaluations of credibility may be more about how a site looks than what it says. ...
... There are also several possible explanations for why the participants would rate the high design quality webpage higher than the low design quality webpage in the high credibility group. Previous literature has indicated that visual appeal plays a large role in credibility (see Fogg, 2001;Fogg, et al., 2003). One reason may be that having a higher design quality could indicate to the viewer that the source has more resources at its disposal, such as money and staffing. ...
... Credibility can be simply described as the perceived believability of the source (Fogg, Sooho & Danielson, 2002), but it is a rich and multidisciplinary construct as Rieh and Danielson (2007) have shown. ...
... As we saw earlier, one aspect of the cognitive authority relationship is the assignment of credibility, or perceived believability to the source (Fogg, Sooho & Danielson, 2002); however, it is possible for a source to have credibility without cognitive authority. It may be possible to believe an information source and grant it credibility without changing an opinion or an associated behavior. ...
An essential component of information literacy is the evaluation of information resources. Integral to evaluation are users' judgments about which Web sources might prove reliable when learning about a particular topic and the ones that they would choose for short term and long term use. Past Website quality studies have used research methods that involved asking participants to recall quality factors without the benefit of concurrent Web searching. Users in this study evaluated Websites during live searching on the “open”or unrestricted Web in a quasi-experimental protocol to determine the quality factors they valued and how these factors relate to gaining knowledge about a particular topic – genetically modified (GM) food. Forty users from within a university setting and from the general community were given a pre-test about subject knowledge, were then asked to search and evaluate the most promising sites they found, and, subsequently, were given a post-searching questionnaire related to the quality of the information and the Websites retrieved. The quality factors that participants reported as helpful to them during the search are reported here. Two weeks later participants answered questions about the Websites they visited and what they had learned via an email survey. The participants then reported factors that allowed them to remember a Website or the information contained within it.
... 34 Furthermore, aesthetic design is related to how users perceive information quality and usability of websites. 32,33,[35][36][37][38] Usability testing with target website users serves to inform website design to enhance the likelihood for favorable UX and information uptake, 39 a practice not often acknowledged in eHealth interventions. 40,41 ...
All newborns undergo minor painful procedures (e.g., injections). Despite strong evidence supporting parents' efficacy to reduce procedural pain (e.g., breastfeeding), parents remain an underutilized resource. Limited evidence‐based resources about infant procedural pain management targeting parents in the perinatal period exist. We co‐created Parenting Pain Away, a website to enhance parents' access to information and participation in procedural pain management following birth. This study aimed to conduct iterative usability testing with the perinatal population to refine Parenting Pain Away based on target users' identified needs and satisfaction. In 2020, parents of healthy newborns or expectant parents from an Atlantic Canadian province, participated in two iterative cycles of usability testing of Parenting Pain Away. Through recorded interviews, participants were directed to use the “Think Aloud” approach (e.g., verbalize what they see, think, feel) as they navigated through the website. Participants completed online questionnaires related to demographics and user satisfaction, measured by the Post Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). Descriptive statistics and content analysis were conducted to analyze the data. In total, there were 10 participants with an average age of 29.9 years (SD = 3.9). Participants identified as mothers (n = 7) or fathers (n = 3) and were expecting (n = 6) or had a newborn (n = 4). The PSSUQ overall scores were 1.84 (SD = 0.55) and 1.34 (SD = 0.49) in Cycles 1 and 2, respectively, indicating high user satisfaction on the 7‐point scale. When comparing between the two cycles, the average overall score was lower in Cycle 2, suggesting improved satisfaction. Participants provided positive feedback about the website and suggested major refinements to simplify content and site navigation. Findings from usability testing cycles were used to inform refinements of the Parenting Pain Away in response to participant satisfaction and feedback. Engaging target users in the development process enhanced this website in preparation for further effectiveness testing.
... The bulk of literature about viewer behavior on seen disruptive advertisements reveals that there are definite variations on how people respond to disruptive advertisements. Focusing on users' perception of web credibility, Fogg et al. [22] discovered that almost 14% of the comments were about online ads and most of them were negative ones. In a study about people's opinion about online advertising and audience targeting, Choicestream [23] showed that more than 60% of the participants of the survey ignored online ads, while merely 2.5% clicked through and purchased the advertised product. ...
Through Structural Equation Modelling, the study shed light on the interplay between the intrusiveness of disruptive advertisements, their behavior towards them, and brand preference. The study sought to understand the interrelationships between these three variables instead of limiting the study to using and measuring the level of intrusion and behavior as a precursor to brand preference. In this study, brand preference is measured using four variables i.e., brand recall, message recall, call to action, and brand liking. These variables are adopted from Keller's Brand Equity Model. The variable intrusiveness was represented by 4 exogenous variables- obtrusiveness, intrusiveness, invasiveness, interference, and distraction [1]. The quasi-experimental research was done involving students in an Arabic university to measure these variables. The experiment was done by showing a video clip to the respondents where a disruptive ad pops up randomly. After watching the video, the respondents were asked to answer a questionnaire developed specifically for this reason. The researchers subjected the data through exploratory factor analysis and a two-stage confirmatory factor analysis before arriving at a hypothesized model. Interestingly, it was found out that the respondent's attitude towards a disruptive advertisement has a weak association with both their behavior towards them and brand preference. A significant association, however, was seen between behavior and brand preference.
... (1) The circle of knowledge explained as follows: General knowledge and special knowledge: a social media user must know about communicating on social media (Fogg et al., 2002), for example, netizens must be able to have sufficient knowledge about the things that are expressed or information posted on social media, not give wrong information about a thing, special knowledge that must be possessed by netizens must have high competence in discussing a matter on social media. It is not intended to limit freedom of communication or expression, but to be able to uphold the ethics of social media, namely providing information, sharing knowledge/information correctly and based on facts and data. ...
Abstract—Social media is a lifestyle, starting from how to think and behave towards something. Understanding what is on social media requires a systematic guide to distinguish between true and false information. Therefore, this article will answer it. Two important parts of this article are discussing mood-thinking-logic which is the basis of every human's thinking, which then results in two attitudes, namely doing the right or wrong thing. This article complements the two articles that have been published. Because the problem regarding hoaxes is still an unfinished debate and still has problems finding the right formula or guide, in this article we create two concepts to solve this problem. the first concept produces guidelines of mood-thinking-logic profiling, which are concepts for understanding the layers of feelings, thoughts and logic of a person and the motives he does in social media, then the second concept is anti-hoax framework which discusses seven levels of hoaxes and solutions to overcome hoaxes. Both of these concepts will be accompanied by examples of case studies that discuss these matters, so that readers will understand the two concepts. Furthermore, this research is still being developed because it still needs a lot of refinement, and this research is part of the text mining research that we are currently doing.
Keywords—Mood, Thinking, Logic, Profiling, Anti Hoax
... programs and other sources (Fogg et al. 2002, Beck 2004, and University of California at Berkeley 2004. The goal of the library session is to introduce the students some of the technical databases available and to the types of resources available at Falvey. ...
... The experience of online shopping can be affected by the richness of product information presented (Palmer, 2002;McKinney et al., 2002), and is a dominant concern of the user (Kateranttanakul & Siau, 1999;Pitt et al., 1995;Zhang et al., 2000). A positive navigation experience and perception of a well-designed site may likewise result in online consumer satisfaction (Agarwal & Venketesh, 2002;Fogg & Tzeng, 1999;Palmer, 2002;Fogg et al., 2002;Hoffman & Novak, 1996;Koufaris, 2002;Nielsen, 2001), an enjoyable online shopping experience (Childers et al, 2001), and sales (Lohse & Spiller, 1999). Yoon (2002) found navigation functionality resulted in satisfaction, and induced Web visitors to remain at the site. ...
Anytime anywhere services offered through mobile commerce hold great potential to serve customers in wireless environments. However, there is limited understanding of how mobile Web site design is perceived by diverse users. This chapter explores how users who differ by culture, age, and gender perceive the design of a mobile device and their subsequent level of satisfaction with the device. Sixty subjects were tested in a controlled laboratory experiment on an Internet enabled phone. The results of a quantitative analysis were statistically inconclusive in terms of cultural and gender differences, but significant differences were found between older and younger users. However, an in-depth qualitative analysis of interview transcripts revealed some interesting differences among cultural, gender and age groups. Consistent with findings in the stationary Internet domain, design elements were found to impact satisfaction with mobile services.
... However, prior to deciding to adopt and/or use a fitness application, on the market users often base their evaluation and judgment on the perceived UX attributes of such applications. For example, Fogg et al. (2002) found that users make their credibility judgment of a website mainly based on the design's look, which can impact adoption. Moreover, Lindgaard et al. (2006) found that users make the decision to stay on a website or proceed to another within the first 50 ms. ...
The number of fitness applications on the market is increasing annually, driven by the increasing awareness of the need to support and motivate physical activity to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases worldwide. However, there is limited research on the user-experience (UX) design attributes that drive their adoption and the moderating role culture plays. Consequently, we conducted a study on the Persuasive Technology Acceptance Model (PTAM) for a fitness application aimed at motivating physical activity at home. Using Canada (an individualist culture, n = 189) and Nigeria (a collectivist culture, n = 67) as a case study, we investigated: (1) which of the commonly researched UX design attributes (perceived aesthetics, perceived usability, perceived credibility and perceived usefulness) have the strongest influence on users' intention to use a fitness application; (2) the moderating effect of culture; and (3) how perceived persuasiveness mediates the direct effect of perceived usefulness on the intention to use a fitness application. The results of our path analysis show that, regardless of culture, perceived usefulness and perceived aesthetics are the strongest determinants of users' intention to use a fitness application, with perceived usefulness being stronger in the collectivist culture than in the individualist culture. Secondly, our results show that perceived persuasiveness partially mediates the effect of perceived usefulness on intention to use for the individualist culture, but not for the collectivist culture. Hence, we recommend that designers should invest more in improving functionality (utilitarian benefit) and aesthetics (hedonic benefit) than other UX design attributes such as credibility and usability. However, for the collectivist culture, designers should focus more on usefulness than aesthetics. On the other hand, for the individualist culture, designers should strike a balance between usefulness and aesthetics. Our main contribution is that, our study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to investigate the moderating effect of culture using subjects from North America and Africa (an understudied population) as a case study.
... In this study, we aimed to uncover how interface design elements such as colour and layout of information influence user perception of tourism websites on mobile devices. We chose the tourism domain because prior research [2] has shown that information design is an important factor in the search for information, products and services in travel websites and the overall user experience. Second, we aimed to investigate the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between layout/colour and the user experience (UX) design attributes. ...
In e-commerce, the user interface design of a website is critical to its success. However, there is limited research on how colour and layout design elements influence the perception of e-commerce websites for mobile devices. To bridge this gap, we conducted an empirical study to investigate, how the layout of information and colour temperature of an e-commerce tourism website for mobile device influence essential Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) user experience (UX) design attributes and intention to use the website. The results of our Partial Least Square Path Modelling (PLSPM) showed that both interface design elements significantly influence perceived aesthetics, perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness and intention to use. Specifically, layout (list = 0 and grid = 1) positively influences perceived aesthetics and perceived enjoyment, while colour temperature negatively influences perceived usefulness and intention to use. The first finding suggests that in tourism website design for mobile devices, a grid layout of products and services provides a better hedonic user experience than a list layout. Moreover, the second finding suggests that cooler-temperature (blue and green) tourism websites are viewed by users as more useful than warmer-temperature (orange and red) tourism websites. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of website UX design for mobile devices in the tourism domain.
... Some of these first impressions are based on surface credibility which corresponds to the web site's appearance: appealing, professional or disturbing, the web site's provider or famous citations [5], plus its accessibility and the amount of advertisements it has [15]. Recent studies have shown that judgments on web site credibility are 75% based on a web site's overall aesthetics [6], and these judgments are immediate as they occur as fast as 3.42 seconds [21]. But what aesthetic factors are responsible for the immediate judgment on web credibility? ...
... Credibility judgments are a subjective perception on the part of the information receiver, individual differences naturally has impact on users' credibility evaluations (A.Flanagin and Metzger, 2008;M.Metzger and Flanagin 2011), in part by making certain cues more salient to certain users (B. Fogg et al 2002). There are two general forms of credibility judgment: use of cognitive heuristics and social heuristics. ...
A study on credibility of information sources used by artisanal fishers in selected coastal states of Nigeria was carried out between January 2018 and December 2018. The study focused on Bayelsa, Rivers and Akwa Ibom states, Nigeria in West Africa. Data was obtained from primary sources using questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was employed. The result indicates that majority of the artisanal fishers were male (79.90%) and 43% of the fishers falls within the age bracket of between 41-50 years. About 5.2% have been engaged in fishing activities for the past 15 years and above, while 88% of the artisanal fishers had one form of education or the other. Majority of artisanal fishers (55%) earn monthly income of between ₦11,000-₦50,000 ($30-$130). The low income earned by fishers have negative effect on their livelihood. The most credible sources of information was: Fishers groups (75%), credit agencies (66.5%), output buyers (55.2%) and cell phones (50.9%). From the study, it is obvious that artisanal fishers need credible information in nearly all the coastal areas of Nigeria to improve the fishing industry which could eventually improve their livelihood.
... Met name dit laatste is specifiek bij de forensische doelgroep van belang, omdat er vaak sprake is van verplichte behandeling en/of verlaagde behandelmotivatie. Daarnaast blijkt uit onderzoek naar websites (Fogg, 2002) dat de gepercipieerde betrouwbaarheid voor 50% gebaseerd wordt op hoe aantrekkelijk een website eruit ziet, hetgeen naar inschatting van een geïnterviewde ook geldt voor e-health toepassingen. Verder wordt genoemd dat de navigatie en uitleg moet worden afgestemd op de doelgroep. ...
Onderzoek naar de (on)mogelijkheden van EMH in de forensische psychiatrie
... Persuasive technologies are designed to change or shape a person's attitude and/or behavior concerning an issue, object, or action without using coercion or deception [9,10]. In the past, several researches has analyzed the effectiveness along with the usefulness of persuasive communication, behavior factors underlying susceptibility to persuasion, and the encouragement of social roles on resistance to acceptance of new ideas. ...
Persuasive communication is a form of communication that encourages or changes consumer behaviour towards a certain product or service. Several researches have been conducted to understand the efficiency and effectiveness of persuasive communication. Among these researches is the development of the persuasive system design model that guides the development of e-commerce websites with persuasive features. However, the persuasive system design model does not take into consideration the effect of social media as it was developed when the social media world is coming into being. Considerations were not given to the social media element in the model development. Hence the need to incorporate the social media features that will extend the persuasive system design model to become all-encompassing and comprehensive. The aim of this study is to extend the persuasive system design model in business to consumer (B2C) e-Commerce. We employed a systematic literature review to identify the factors that will extend the persuasive system design model in a comprehensive manner. This study develops measurement items that will lead to the examination of the proposed model. These items were investigated for their reliability and validity using 30 respondents in Malaysia. The results showed that the items are a good representation of the constructs and hence can be used to assess the proposed model. This study will help in changing business trends that will lead to a successful implementation of persuasive communication in B2C e-commerce in Malaysia.
... Credibility is the degree to which the information on the site is considered reliable [9]. Credibility is often related to trustworthiness, however, according to [18] trustworthiness is "the goodness or morality of the sources and can be described with terms such as well intentioned, truthful, or unbiased". ...
This research looks into the influence of web design, content and ease of use on users' stance towards websites. Elements that reflect such stances or attitudes include user satisfaction, trust, usage intention, and willingness to recommend the site to others. For this study, the researchers chose a convenience sample and a questionnaire distributed among Yemenis in Sana'a, Yemen. SPSS was used to analyze the responses to the questionnaire. Study outcomes revealed that the site's content is of significance and more attention should be paid by retailers in this regard. Feedback from users should also be taken into high consideration. It was also found that users favor resorting to formal sources of information and users are more encouraged to use the site based on the level of ease of use and user experience. Good navigability and friendliness of a site are significant to encourage consumer usage of sites. Index Terms-Ease of use, intension to continue using, recommendations for others, trust, user satisfaction website content, website organization.
... Isu usabilitas pada situs pemerintah kerap dijumpai seperti rusaknya tautan dan muatan informasi terlalu banyak, memainkan peran penting untuk menentukan kredibel atau tidak (Huang, Brooks, & Chen, 2009: 26 Kemudian dari aspek estetika desain, tampilan desain dapat memberikan impresi kepada pengguna baik positif maupun negatif (Tuch, Bargas-Avila, Opwis, & Wilhelm, 2009: 703), terutama halaman awal situs (Yoo & Kim, 2014: 240 (Lindgaard, Fernandes, Dudek, & Brown, 2004: 115). Bahkan 75 persen penilaian kredibilitas situs berdasarkan estetika desain (Fogg, et al., 2002 (Jensen, Lowry, & Jenkins, 2011: 201) terutama yang terkait dengan transaksi finansial (Elsantiel & Harness, 2011: 355 (Epping & Wilder, 2011: 27). Selain itu, reputasi perusahaan (Fogg, 2003) Seperti kredibilitas koran atau berita online (Chung, Kim, & Kim, 2010: 669), situs pemerintah atau e-government (Youngblood & Mackiewicz, 2012: 582), forum online (Lederman, Fan, Smith, & Chang, 2014: 13), situs e-commerce maskapai penerbangan (Elsantiel & Harness, 2011: 355), dan situs perjalanan (travel) (Fogg B. J., 2003: 1 (Lederman, et al., 2014). ...
Credibility of website especially on trading market is important for shareholders to get stockexchange information. Websites are the extension of organization that could attract business’s target market and potential customer. However, previous studies found that usability, design, and content may affect the website credibility. Many stock exchange markets such as Nigerian/NSE, Baku/BSE, Irish/ISE, Mauritus/SEM including Securities and Exchange Commission/SEC concerned and improve about their website. This study aims to observe variable of usability, design and content which affect website credibility on Indonesia context especially with idx.co.id as a treatment. This reaserch method using quasi-experiment with 30 participants with the equivalent time-samples design and adopting Bipolar Emotional Response Testing (BERT), this study found that website credibility was explained about 51.6% by usability, design, and information variables. Moreover, information variable contributed bigger than other two variables while usability variable did not contribute significantly. Specifically, information variable become important for the credibility of website which did not have transaction feature.
... But if the public is unfamiliar with the think tank in question, then their ideas of how the website of a credible source should look will affect their assessment. Fogg et al. (2002) found that users considered the design and look of a website as the most important factor in their credibility assessment (46% mentioned it), followed by the structure (28%) and focus (25%) of the information. ...
This paper explores the concept of credibility and its importance for think tanks. Credibility is paramount to a think tank as having it qualifies think tanks to be consulted on and invited to participate in policy processes. It makes them attractive to funders; promotes engagement with the media as experts in their field; and facilitates access to reputable networks. Without it, none of this can occur. The paper explores the concept of credibility, and explains (based on a literature review) that credibility is constructed through the interaction of characteristics and actions of an organisation, and the assessment of others in the context within which communication takes place. Stakeholders give (or take away) credibility based on their assessments of the information they have and the influence of the current context. The credibility of a think tank goes beyond the quality of its research. Quality research is desirable, needed and even the foundation on which credibility rests, but it is not sufficient. The paper argues that beyond it there are a common set of factors from which individuals draw from and focus on (in various degrees) to assess the credibility of a think tank. These are: Networks; Past Impact; Intellectual independence; Transparency; Credentials and expertise; Communications and visibility; Research quality; Ideology and values; and Current context
... It is identified that perceived usability is in correlation with perceived visual aesthetics. Finally, in term of influencing web credibility, Brian J Fogg (2003), and Benjamin J Fogg et al. (2002), described what elements in the visual aesthetics influenced website credibility. The finding of the researches indicated that "Unity" of visual aesthetics are the main factors that influenced website credibility. ...
Website is the first line of interactions between the universities and the patrons may it be the students, staff or the public. The usage of internet within universities has increased in this few years. More formal interactions are done through the universities websites or portals. Due to the increased use of the universities website, it has resulted in the importance of proper web design to ensure that the universities have an effective website. Thus, it is important that the design of the website be properly done to ensure effective use of the website and properly reflects the image of the Universities. One of the challenges in designing an effective website is ensuring good web usability and pleasing web aesthetics. Using SLR (Systematic Literature Review), this paper gathers the area of study regarding overall description of a quality website, website usability, web usability measurement, website aesthetics, web aesthetic measurements and to know whether there is the research regarding relationship between web usability and web aesthetics. This study was based on 658 papers gathered from the online library such as IEEE, ACM, Science Direct and Emerald Insight by using a search strategy that has been constructed in the research method. After the filtering process was done based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 78 relevant papers are chosen as the body of knowledge of this study. © 2017, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Press. All rights reserved.
... According to Tseng and Fogg (1999), people tend to evaluate multiple dimensions in order to arrive at an overall assessment of credibility. However, two components are often thought to be of prime importance: expertise and trustworthiness of the content (Flanagin & Metzger, 2008;Fogg et al., 2002;Tseng & Fogg, 1999). Expertise concerns the knowledge, competence and reputation related to the online resource. ...
This study assessed the ability of 426 students (ages 12–13) to critically
evaluate two types of online locations on health issues: an academic resource and a
commercial resource. The results indicated limited evaluation abilities, especially
for the commercial resource, and only a small, partial association with prior stance
and offline reading ability. Only about half (51.4%) of the students questioned the
credibility of the commercial online resource and only about 19% of the students
showed an ability to fully recognize commercial bias. Wide variation existed in
students’ ability to evaluate online information, as approximately one-fourth of the
students performed poorly when evaluating the overall credibility of both online
resources and one-fourth performed well. Logistic regression models showed that
offline reading skills accounted for only 8.8% of the variance for the academic
online resource and 15.1% of that for the commercial resource. No association
appeared between evaluation and background knowledge, although an association
with prior stance was observed for each online resource. The results are discussed in
light of previous research and the need to pay greater attention to the critical
evaluation of online resources during classroom instruction.
... This factor is particularly important to help virtual communities, such as online discussion forum, shape culture and norms in the early stages (Blanchard and Markus, 2004). System trust can be increased by improving website navigability, aesthetics, graphical design, and user friendliness (Fogg et al., 2002). On the other hand, conversation among members may be disrupted constantly if the system reliability is poor. ...
... Вне медицинской сферы обязательное раскрытие информации о политике в отношении персональных данных действует не намного эффективнее. Например, опрос пользователей Интернета показал, что менее 1 % из них когда-либо обращали внимание на информацию о политике в отношении персональных данных [60]. ...
... The experience of online shopping can be affected by the richness of product information presented (Palmer, 2002;McKinney et al., 2002), and is a dominant concern of the user (Kateranttanakul & Siau, 1999;Pitt et al., 1995;Zhang et al., 2000). A positive navigation experience and perception of a well-designed site may likewise result in online consumer satisfaction (Agarwal & Venketesh, 2002;Fogg & Tzeng, 1999;Palmer, 2002;Fogg et al., 2002;Hoffman & Novak, 1996;Koufaris, 2002;Nielsen, 2001), an enjoyable online shopping experience (Childers et al, 2001), and sales (Lohse & Spiller, 1999). Yoon (2002) found navigation functionality resulted in satisfaction, and induced Web visitors to remain at the site. ...
Anytime anywhere services offered through mobile commerce hold great potential to serve customers in wireless environments. However, there is limited understanding of how mobile Web site design is perceived by diverse users. This chapter explores how users who differ by culture, age, and gender perceive the design of a mobile device and their subsequent level of satisfaction with the device. Sixty subjects were tested in a controlled laboratory experiment on an Internet enabled phone. The results of a quantitative analysis were statistically inconclusive in terms of cultural and gender differences, but significant differences were found between older and younger users. However, an in-depth qualitative analysis of interview transcripts revealed some interesting differences among cultural, gender and age groups. Consistent with findings in the stationary Internet domain, design elements were found to impact satisfaction with mobile services.
... Specifically, visual design plays a significant role in user perspectives of credibility and quality of computer applications. Internet users assess the credibility of websites primarily by their visual design (Fogg et al., 2002). Keller (2009) places this visual "excellence" dimension in the "Attention" factor of the ARCS Model, but it is possible that this visual or aesthetic variable is also foundational to learner perceptions of relevance and satisfaction. ...
Learner motivation is fundamental to effective learning. This article addresses the challenges and opportunities of motivational design for instructional simulations and presents motivational design guidelines. The types and uses of instructional simulations are defined. The elements of motivation as they are described in various models and theories are surveyed. Models and theories considered include the ARCS motivation model, the intrinsic motivation model, self determination theory, motivation systems theory, arousal theory and flow. The unique motivational challenges and opportunities of instructional simulations are analyzed, and then guidelines for the effective motivational design of instructional simulations are offered.
... As a result, people have developed strategies of resisting persuasive attempts (Zuwerink Jacks & Cameron, 2003). For example, Fogg et al. (2003) demonstrated that people find commercial messages less credible overall because message consumers believe that those presenting commercial information have ulterior motives and stand to gain by acting in their own interest and perhaps at the message receiver's expense. Similar to commercial websites attempting to persuade viewers to purchase products, ideological websites that call for financial donations, attempt to sell group-promoting products, or include other requests for materials, time, or specific action can evoke similar resistance strategies to the website message and lower overall credibility. ...
The Internet has become the primary location for ideological groups to recruit members, manage their public image, and organize a diverse membership. To accomplish their goals, these organizations strive to appear credible to target audiences. Metzger, Flanagin, and Medders' (2010) theory of online credibility assessment explains that Internet users rely on peripheral cues to determine whether website information is credible or not. We conducted two studies to test this theory in an online ideological environment. In addition, we investigated how website viewers' pre-existing attitudes regarding the ideological topic affects how they perceive the messages presented on these websites. Results of this research found that this theory partially extends to ideological settings. However, participants did not attribute credibility to ideological topics on a uniform basis. Participants' pre-existing attitudes regarding the topic and the position advocated for by the website sponsor played a critical role in what type of credibility cues were most salient.
... Základní pojetí analýzy internetové prezentace školy čerpá z výzkumů Mareše a Lukase (2007,2009). Pro formální i obsahovou analýzu autoři vycházeli z obecně používaných charakteristik internetových prezentací přijímaných pozitivně uživateli (Fogg, Soohoo, Danielson et al., 2002) a ty upravili do podoby kategorií, vhodných ke kódování s ohledem na specifika webů škol (srov. Mareš, 2003, s. 135). ...
... The importance of successful Web design for modern companies is clear. A study by Stanford Persuasive Technology Lab found that 46.1% of people reported a website's design is the most important measure for discerning the credibility of the company (Fogg et al.,2002). In 2013 site2you conducted research about effective website design that best attracts the target audience and to look through a content in more depth, provide a satisfying experience to the user and encourage repeated visits to the site. ...
Philanthropy is an important part of Saudi Arabia’s identity as it is linked to the country’s
religion and culture. Even though nobody can deny how crucial philanthropy is for Saudis, it
is not reflected virtually on the Internet. This PhD aims to enhance philanthropy by putting it
in a virtual context. Online philanthropy is known as e-philanthropy and this research
documents the design of an e-philanthropic tool that is appealing to users in Saudi Arabia. Its
aim is to design an interactive website where users can communicate with each other to meet
their specific needs. It explores the nature of philanthropy in the Saudi context and employs
human-centred design and user-centred design approaches to create a website in support of
this. It is based on qualitative and quantitative data collection from recipients of philanthropy
and those who take an interest in the topic. This resulted in the design brief for a new e-philanthropic
tool based on time giving, a concept closely related to time banking and
something that, to date, has not been launched in Saudi Arabia.
As time banking is the closest concept to that of time giving, this project investigated time
banking as a philanthropic tool in other contexts. The design of the website for the Fair Shares
time bank in the UK was analysed as a source in order to benefit the new project. This was
achieved by using Agarwal and Venkatesh’s (2002) Microsoft Usability Guideline, which was
reformed by Pallud (2002). After investigating Saudi culture, the concept of time banking and
the design features of a website in the field, the researcher-designer then created a time giving
website named “Joud”, a word which means liberality and generosity in Arabic. The process
of creating this website was influenced by Schön’s (1983) account of the reflective
practitioner, where the designer looks for ways to order, resolve and improve their practice.
After the design of the website was finished it was launched online at www.joudtime.org. The
website was then evaluated using the same technique used to analyse the Fair Shares site;
namely the modified Microsoft Usability Guideline. This was to improve the design and get a
sense of whether the idea would work in Saudi Arabia or not.
This study shows that time giving can be a philanthropic tool in Saudi Arabia. It also shows
that using a human-centred design and a user-centred design method in order to investigate
specific target users is a practical and useful approach. The outcome shows how the design
would take the user into consideration especially in a philanthropic context. Moreover, the
resulting design is the first that brings time giving to the Saudi user. As a result, the project
met its aim to replicate the philanthropic culture of Saudi Arabia virtually by creating an e-philanthropic
tool for their context.
... Furthermore, decreased credibility can lead to diminished freedom of the press and can undermine the economic stability of the media (Gaziano & McGrath, 1986). Fogg et al. (2002) Different studies during the 1950s and 1960s showed that credibility promotes effective attitudes in regard to implausible messages. Johnson and Scileppi (1969) conducted a study to explore changes in attitude among male high school students who received either a plausible or implausible message from a high-or low-credibility source under high-ego (that is, where subjects were informed that their opinion was important) or low-ego (that is, where subjects were informed that their opinion was not important) involvement conditions. ...
... Evidently, sponsorship makes a big impact on patients' willingness to trust online medical information. Patients rarely read online information unless there is a transparent and dependable sponsorship [27].Without an address or a phone number of the sponsor, patients simply do not trust online information [28]. As for a trusted sponsor of the PROME Web portal, in this study participants picked academic institutions as the most trusted. ...
Background
With the advent of the patient-centered care paradigm, it is important to examine what patients’ reports of medication experience (PROME) mean to patient care. PROME available through a Web portal provide information on medication treatment options and outcomes from the patient’s perspective. Patients who find certain PROME compelling are likely to mention them at their physician visit, triggering a discussion between the patient and the physician. However, no studies have examined PROME’s potential applicability to patient care.
Objective
This study aimed to examine older (≥50 years) adults’ perceptions of the health care applicability of a hypothetical PROME Web portal. Specifically, this study investigated whether PROME would facilitate patient-physician communication, and identified the preferred reporting items and the trusted sponsors of such a PROME Web portal.
Methods
We used a cross-sectional, self-administered, 5-point Likert scale survey to examine participants’ perceptions of a hypothetical PROME Web portal that compared PROME for 5 common antihypertensive medications. Between August and December 2013, we recruited 300 members of 7 seniors’ centers in a metropolitan area of a southeastern state of the United States to participate in the survey.
Results
An overwhelming majority of study participants (243/300, 81.0%) had a favorable perception of PROME’s health care applicability. They were mostly positive that PROME would facilitate patient-physician communication, except for the perception that physicians would be upset by the mention of PROME (n=133, 44.3%). Further, 85.7% (n=257) of participants considered the PROME information trustworthy, and 72.0% (n=216) were willing to participate by reporting their own medication experiences. Study participants wanted the PROME Web portal to report the number of reviews, star ratings, and individual comments concerning different medication attributes such as side effects (224/809, 27.7%), cost (168/809, 20.8%), and effectiveness (153/809, 18.9%). Finally, the PROME Web portal sponsorship was important to participants, with the most trusted sponsor being academic institutions (120/400, 30.0%).
Conclusions
PROME, if well compiled through Web portals, have the potential to facilitate patient-physician communication.
... It is particularly important to help virtual communities, such as online discussion forums, shape both the culture and norms in the early stages (Blanchard and Markus, 2004). System trust can be increased by improving the navigability, aesthetics, graphic design and user-friendliness of websites (Fogg et al., 2002). On the other hand, conversations between members may be disrupted constantly if the system's reliability is poor, especially if all the information posted on an online discussion forum is not archived or is difficult to find. ...
Medical tourism, especially cosmetic surgery to South Korea, is increasingly popular amongst Thai youths. Like many other youths around the world, they can obtain the relevant information from a variety ofsources, including web discussion forums. These are the mostfrequently used information sources that people use to explore the feasibility of having cosmetic surgery overseas. However, it is not empirically clear how much influence these forums have on youth, or what impact social influence, the quality of information and the forum's features (e.g., doctor information, before/after surgery pictures, clinic/hospital information, surgery information and chat rooms) have on the credibility of doctors and hospitals. This study conducted a number of field experiments and collected datafrom 233 discussion threads on top 3 online discussionforums that were ranked by 207 business school students. The results show that the reliability of web information is critical in enhancing the credibility of both doctors and hospitals. In addition, the credibility of doctors depends on the forum that is used to find information about surgery, as well as social influence. The credibility of hospitals, on the other hand, is not influenced by the social influence of a consumer's peers. Instead, their credibility is increased by the forum's use of before/after surgery pictures, clinical information and information about doctors. Future research may investigate further how different forum features and the web media can have an impact on the credibility of doctors and hospitals.
This paper investigates the issue of trust mediation in ebanking.
It proposes an analysis of trust factors based
grounded in semiotic de-constructional analysis. The card
sorting technique was used to probe affective and rational
factors influencing user attitudes to alternative home page
designs at the point of initial contact. The data seems to
suggest that both affective and rational factors influence
initial consumer trust formation. The study also revealed
that trust formation is deeply embedded within a
consumer’s normative user-experience.
In this paper, user perceptions of information systems security are explored through a study of university students. Server authentication, which is often ignored by users, clouded by system administrators, and exploited by hackers, is explored in detail, as it significantly affects usability and requires user knowledge and participation. The study also investigates the respondents’ consistency, gender differences, and assessment of their own knowledge. Although users appear knowledgeable about security technologies, they rely more on peer opinion and reputation of web sites when making security decisions.
Two studies investigated Singaporean junior college students’ determinations of the credibility of social studies Web sites. In the first study, participants selected Web sites that they determined to provide objective and accurate representations of their topics, provided reasons for their selection, and described Web site authors’ vested interests. They also selected Web sites that illustrated misrepresentations, explained why, and described authors’ vested interests. Finally, they rated their own competence and confidence about different aspects of Web site information accuracy. Qualitative analyses of participants’ written comments revealed a strong awareness of political vested interests of Web site authors, a topic that had not emerged in previous research. In the second study, analyses of students’ responses to questionnaires about a more credible and a less credible Web site provided by their instructor indicated that students rated the more credible Web site higher. Students’ ratings of their general confidence in evaluating Web sites on accuracy/truthfulness as well as their confidence in detecting misrepresentations in Web sites were used as criteria in a reduced multiple regression model. Results showed that students generally differed in their perception of the two Web sites. Implications for future research are discussed.
The business world is changing rapidly and it is getting restructured at an astonishing pace. Internet penetration has resulted in the commencement of a new era and has brought a completely new and important source of income for small, medium and big companies by servicing their customers through internet whether they are in their work place or at home. It is getting used as an easy and affordable means to transact business without any limitation of time, place or situation. Online shopping has created a new platform for the expansion and growth of business. This study examines the role and impact of aesthetic design in online shopping stores. Designing online shopping sites involves the application of knowledge from diverse fields such as marketing and human-computer interaction. This article is a collation of research findings from different areas to investigate the role of web aesthetics in shaping the mood and perception of consumers in favour of online shopping companies.
This chapter highlights the different mechanisms used by mothers to determine the credibility of information about vaccinations obtained on the Internet. It shows that the concept of informational habitus has been articulated by Internet users around the following three notions: information practices, measures for determining the credibility of a source and information reflexivity. The chapter is based on an online ethnography conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2015, in which several online groups dedicated to parenting were joined. As vaccine hesitancy can be understood as the manifestation of a parental approach promoting informed choices, joining parenting groups aimed to situate vaccination among all the exchanges. The mechanisms for determining information credibility were of several kinds, regardless of the research theme, first, the external qualities in which the information is offered. In addition, informational reflexivity can also reveal the awareness of the role of the Internet in decision‐making.
Web sites have become organizational main door. Today's digital natives want information to be available via World Wide Web. They want the container of the information to be simple and easy to use. Usability studies have been concentrating on developing and design user-centered websites. The location of the library web objects help user to navigate and retrieve information easily. The study examined 75 library web sites to identify the location of library web objects (about us, my account, help, link back to home, OPAC, search box and ask a librarian). The study found that "search box" and "link back to home" web objects were located in top left and top right corner of the library websites as same in the case with e-commerce web sites. The study help library web designer to improve the usability of library websites.
Introduction. This study examines ways in which college students perceive the credibility and usefulness of health information on Facebook, depending on topic sensitivity, information source and demographic factors. Method. With self-selection sampling, data were collected from two universities through an online survey; 351 responses were used for analysis. Analysis. The data were analysed using analysis of variance and t-tests. Results. Overall, college students tend to consider health information with low sensitivity levels as significantly more credible and useful than health information with high sensitivity levels on Facebook. Regardless of topic sensitivity, college students tend to consider professional information sources as more credible and useful than non-professional information sources on Facebook. However, among non-professional information sources, they prefer an experienced person over family when it comes to serious health issues. Female students tend to trust highly sensitive health information more than male students. Students living in campus residence halls are less likely to consider health information on Facebook as credible or useful. The more students are educated, the more credible or useful they consider professional information sources. Conclusions. This study demonstrates critical factors influencing students’ perceptions of health information on a social networking site and provides implications for healthcare marketers and health educators.
Navigating the internet is transforming the bases of news consumption. These changes, thoroughly analysed within some technical areas, still raise questions about the reception of news content. This study explores the influence of the quantity and size of links on user behaviour, perception and comprehension. The experimental analysis, carried out using a convenience sample of 170 individuals, with six different model websites, reveals that content with both a greater number of links and with shorter links yields better results in terms of levels of perception, comprehension and, above all, user behaviour.
Credibility, as the general concept covering trustworthiness and expertise, but also quality and reliability, is strongly debated in philosophy, psychology, and sociology, and its adoption in computer science is therefore fraught with difficulties. Yet its importance has grown in the information access community because of two complementing factors: on one hand, it is relatively difficult to precisely point to the source of a piece of information, and on the other hand, complex algorithms, statistical machine learning, artificial intelligence, make decisions on behalf of the users, with little oversight from the users themselves. This survey presents a detailed analysis of existing credibility models from different information seeking research areas, with focus on the Web and its pervasive social component. It shows that there is a very rich body of work pertaining to different aspects and interpretations of credibility, particularly for different types of textual content (e.g., Web sites, blogs, tweets), but also to other modalities (videos, images, audio) and topics (e.g., health care). After an introduction placing credibility in the context of other sciences and relating it to trust, we argue for a quartic decomposition of credibility: Expertise and trustworthiness, well documented in the literature and predominantly related to information source, and quality and reliability, raised to the status of equal partners because the source is often impossible to detect, and predominantly related to the content. The second half of the survey provides the reader with access points to the literature, grouped by research interests. Section 3 reviews general research directions: The factors that contribute to credibility assessment in human consumers of information; the models used to combine these factors; the methods to predict credibility. A smaller section is dedicated to informing users about the credibility learned from the data. Sections 4, 5, and 6 go further into details, with domain-specific credibility, social media credibility, and multimedia credibility, respectively. While each of them is best understood in the context of Sections 1 and 2, they can be read independently of each other. The last section of this survey addresses a topic not commonly considered under "credibility": The credibility of the system itself, independent of the data creators. This is a topic of particular importance in domains where the user is professionally motivated and where there are no concerns about the credibility of the data (e.g., e-discovery and patent search). While there is little explicit work in this direction, we argue that this is an open research direction that is worthy of future exploration. Finally, as an additional help to the reader, an appendix lists the existing test collections that cater specifically to some aspect of credibility. Overall, this review will provide the reader with an organised and comprehensive reference guide to the state of the art and the problems at hand, rather than a final answer to the question of what credibility is for computer science. Even within the relatively limited scope of an exact science, such an answer is not possible for a concept that is itself widely debated in philosophy and social sciences.
By June 2010, the world Internet user population reached 1.9 billion (All about market research), and commentators are agreed on the speedy growth of the World Wide Web, with annual growth estimated in 2004 at 20 per cent (Van Iwaarden et al., 2004) and recently, by Dr Odlyzko of the University of Minnesota, as 50 to 60 per cent per year (Economist, Technology Quarterly). This speedy growth brings immense advantages for business since the Internet is thought to offer many advantages compared to conventional channels. For example, ‘it is estimated to produce ten times as many units [sold] with one tenth of the advertising budget’ (Potter, 1994), to facilitate a flexible response, is an advantage with shrinking product life cycles (IITA, 1994), and to ease customer retention (Van Iwaarden et al., 2004). Together, these factors are said to have ‘transform[ed] the way business is conducted’ (Grover and Saeed, 2004). In terms of web usage, critical independent variables are those of location, gender and age. Where the first of these is concerned, the percentage of the population using the Internet varies enormously from continent to continent, as can be seen in Table 1.
Developers generally try to make their systems secure by adding Information Security measures and components to User Interfaces. While applying these measures, usability of interfaces may decrease seriously. Developing secure and usable user interfaces became a necessity due to the fact that security and usability are both indispensable for users. To develop secure and usable interfaces, first, users’ perception of information security is analyzed. In this study, An Enhanced Users’ Perception of Information Security Model (EUPoIM) and Perception Oriented Usable & Secure Interface Development Model (POSUIDM) are proposed to empower developers in developing both secure and usable user interfaces.
Summarizes experimental evidence from advertising and related disciplines on the effects of physically attractive communicators and models on opinion change, product evaluation, source perception, and recall. Evidence indicates that attractive communicators consistently are liked more, are perceived in more favorable terms, and have a more positive impact on the products with which they are associated as compared to unattractive communicators. Source attractiveness is also related positively to agreement, although the effects appear to be less consistent, especially when the communicator is female. A critical assessment of previous studies and specific directions for future research are presented. (34 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)