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Potentized homoeopathic drugs act through regulation of gene-expression: A hypothesis to explain their mechanism and pathways of action in vitro
Abstract
A working hypothesis to explain the mechanism of action of potentized homoeopathic drugs in vivo has been proposed. The model is partly substantiated from our own research data on repair of chromosomal damages in X-irradiated or toxic chemical-treated mice by the oral administration of some potentized homoeopathic drugs, and partly from some of the unpublished and published works of other researchers in the field of homoeopathy. In this model, strong scientific arguments have been made to form the hypothesis that the potentized homoeopathic drugs act through regulation of gene-expression, presumably through hormone—hormone—protein complexes — the sensorgene-integrator gene-receptor gene-producer gene pathway of Britten and Davidson's model, or else through the regulator/mutator gene-operator gene-structural gene pathway of Jacob and Monod's model among some other independent mechanisms. Scientific details of some possible pathways, admittedly speculative for some steps, have also been provided to stimulate research in this direction to verify the correctness of the hypothesis.
... Other studies have used in vitro and in vivo conditions in models like Escherichia coli, yeast, bacteriophage and plant-based experimental models to understand exact molecular mechanisms of highly diluted homeopathic remedies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Human tumor-derived cell line models used in cancer therapeutics programs are effective for the evaluation of potential new therapeutic agents. ...
... Previously, the notable hypotheses put forth to explain the efficacy of homeopathic remedies include molecular imprints or memory of water, similia principle, hormesis, nano-silicon principle, electromagnetic transfer through DNA wave principle, thermo luminiscence, and gene regulatory and epigenetic hypotheses [9,11,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . Of these, the gene regulatory hypothesis of Khuda-Bukhsh [11] is gradually gaining wide attention for its ability to explain the biological action of HDs in all living organisms, from prokaryotes through human beings; this hypothesis is being studied at the molecular level. ...
... Previously, the notable hypotheses put forth to explain the efficacy of homeopathic remedies include molecular imprints or memory of water, similia principle, hormesis, nano-silicon principle, electromagnetic transfer through DNA wave principle, thermo luminiscence, and gene regulatory and epigenetic hypotheses [9,11,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . Of these, the gene regulatory hypothesis of Khuda-Bukhsh [11] is gradually gaining wide attention for its ability to explain the biological action of HDs in all living organisms, from prokaryotes through human beings; this hypothesis is being studied at the molecular level. ...
OBJECTIVE: Methylation-specific epigenetic process and gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with ultra-high dilutions (HDs) of two plant extracts, Hydrastis canadensis (HC-30) and Marsdenia condurango (Condu-30), diluted 10 60 times, were analyzed against placebo 30C (Pl-30) for alterations in gene profiles linked to epigenetic modifications. METHODS: Separate groups of cells were subjected to treatment of Condu-30, HC-30, and Pl-30 prepared by serial dilutions and succussions. Global microarray data recorded on Affymetrix platform, using 25-mer probes were provided by iLifeDiscoveries, India. Slides were scanned with 3000 7G microarray scanner and raw data sets were extracted from Cel (raw intensity) files. Analyses of global microarray data profile, differential gene expression, fold change and clusters were made using GeneSpring GX12.5 software and standard normalization procedure. Before microarray study, concentration of RNA (ng/μL), RIN value and rRNA ratio for all the samples were analysed by Agilant Bioanalyzer 2100. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR were done for analyzing SMAD-4 expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting study was further made to elucidate fate of cells at divisional stages. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay was conducted for ascertaining methylation status of DNA at specific sites. RESULTS: HDs of HC-30 and Condu-30 differentially altered methylation in specific regions of DNA and expression profiles of certain genes linked to carcinogenesis, as compared to Pl-30. Two separate cut sites were found in genomic DNA of untreated and placebo-treated HeLa cells when digested with McrBC, compared to a single cut observed in Condu-30-treated genomic DNA. SMAD-4 gene expression validated the expression pattern observed in microarray profile. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay elucidated differential epigenetic modifications in drug-treated and control cells. CONCLUSION: HDs triggered epigenetic modifications and alterations in microarray gene expression profiles of many genes associated with carcinogenesis in HeLa cells in vitro.
... Khuda-Bukhsh [87,88] first proposed a hypothesis based on multiple evidences from experimental results described below. He claimed that one way through which the potentized homeopathic drugs act could be through their precise role in regulation of relevant gene expression, because this working hypothesis could explain the molecular mechanism of biological action in all living organisms, both animals and plants, on a strong scientific ground. ...
... He claimed that one way through which the potentized homeopathic drugs act could be through their precise role in regulation of relevant gene expression, because this working hypothesis could explain the molecular mechanism of biological action in all living organisms, both animals and plants, on a strong scientific ground. The possible pathways and sites of action have also been discussed by his group [87,88,90,92,110]. According to this hypothesis, homeopathic remedies carry specific "signals" that can be identified by specific receptors and can act as a trigger to turn "on" or "off" some relevant genes, initiating a cascade of down-stream gene actions to alter and correct the gene expressions that had gone wrong to produce the disorder/disease condition. ...
... According to this hypothesis, homeopathic remedies carry specific "signals" that can be identified by specific receptors and can act as a trigger to turn "on" or "off" some relevant genes, initiating a cascade of down-stream gene actions to alter and correct the gene expressions that had gone wrong to produce the disorder/disease condition. Since this working hypothesis was first advocated by Khuda-Bukhsh [87,88], the scientific evidences from his group and the logic in favor of such a hypothesis have been mentioned below. Nucleus X-ray induced cytogenetical effects and their modulations by potentized homeopathic drugs Cytogenetical endpoints like chromosomal aberrations, micro nucleated erythrocytes, sperm head anomaly, mitotic indices etc. of mice (Mus musculus), exposed to whole-body Xirradiation in sub-lethal doses could be favorably modulated by the administration of a potentized homeopathic drug, Arnica Montana, commonly used against shock and injury [93,99] as compared to cytogenetical data obtained in several well maintained controls. ...
Abstract In homeopathy, ultra-low doses of drugs at ultrahigh
dilutions are often used with great benefits to patients
although at such dilutions physical existence of even a single
molecule of the original drug substance is highly improbable.
Despite serious challenges thrown by scientists and rationalists
from time to time, homeopathy has managed to survive
over 200 years now, and is no more considered a myth.
Research activities on homeopathy in recent years, at clinical,
physical, chemical, biological and medical levels with acceptable
scientific norms and approach have paved the way for
more rigorous research, particularly at the molecular level to
understand the physico-chemical nature and mechanism of
action of ultra-high dilutions. Although major breakthrough
has been made in understanding many physical aspects and
interactions between the “drug” and “aquatic ethanol” used as
vehicle/solvent/diluents, certain aspects in regard to structure
of water/aquatic ethanol and the latter’s changing structural
organization still remain unclear. In recent years, the quest for
understanding the mechanism of biological action of the ultrahigh
dilutions has made homeopathy a hot bed of research.
Much progress has been made in understanding the molecular
mechanism in the light of the “gene regulatory hypothesis”
that can explain the action of the homeopathic high dilutions
in all living organisms, both in higher and lower animals as
well as in plants. The present review focuses mainly on
research in support of the gene regulatory hypothesis, and
mention has been made of some relevant physical and biological
aspects at cellular and molecular levels.
Keywords Ultra-high dilution research . Homeopathy .
Molecular mechanismof action . Gene regulatory hypothesis
... Other studies have used in vitro and in vivo conditions in models like Escherichia coli, yeast, bacteriophage and plant-based experimental models to understand exact molecular mechanisms of highly diluted homeopathic remedies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Human tumor-derived cell line models used in cancer therapeutics programs are effective for the evaluation of potential new therapeutic agents. ...
... Previously, the notable hypotheses put forth to explain the efficacy of homeopathic remedies include molecular imprints or memory of water, similia principle, hormesis, nano-silicon principle, electromagnetic transfer through DNA wave principle, thermo luminiscence, and gene regulatory and epigenetic hypotheses [9,11,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . Of these, the gene regulatory hypothesis of Khuda-Bukhsh [11] is gradually gaining wide attention for its ability to explain the biological action of HDs in all living organisms, from prokaryotes through human beings; this hypothesis is being studied at the molecular level. ...
... Previously, the notable hypotheses put forth to explain the efficacy of homeopathic remedies include molecular imprints or memory of water, similia principle, hormesis, nano-silicon principle, electromagnetic transfer through DNA wave principle, thermo luminiscence, and gene regulatory and epigenetic hypotheses [9,11,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . Of these, the gene regulatory hypothesis of Khuda-Bukhsh [11] is gradually gaining wide attention for its ability to explain the biological action of HDs in all living organisms, from prokaryotes through human beings; this hypothesis is being studied at the molecular level. ...
OBJECTIVE: Methylation-specific epigenetic process and gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with ultra-high dilutions (HDs) of two plant extracts, Hydrastis canadensis (HC-30) and Marsdenia condurango (Condu-30), diluted 10 60 times, were analyzed against placebo 30C (Pl-30) for alterations in gene profiles linked to epigenetic modifications. METHODS: Separate groups of cells were subjected to treatment of Condu-30, HC-30, and Pl-30 prepared by serial dilutions and succussions. Global microarray data recorded on Affymetrix platform, using 25-mer probes were provided by iLifeDiscoveries, India. Slides were scanned with 3000 7G microarray scanner and raw data sets were extracted from Cel (raw intensity) files. Analyses of global microarray data profile, differential gene expression, fold change and clusters were made using GeneSpring GX12.5 software and standard normalization procedure. Before microarray study, concentration of RNA (ng/μL), RIN value and rRNA ratio for all the samples were analysed by Agilant Bioanalyzer 2100. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR were done for analyzing SMAD-4 expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting study was further made to elucidate fate of cells at divisional stages. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay was conducted for ascertaining methylation status of DNA at specific sites. RESULTS: HDs of HC-30 and Condu-30 differentially altered methylation in specific regions of DNA and expression profiles of certain genes linked to carcinogenesis, as compared to Pl-30. Two separate cut sites were found in genomic DNA of untreated and placebo-treated HeLa cells when digested with McrBC, compared to a single cut observed in Condu-30-treated genomic DNA. SMAD-4 gene expression validated the expression pattern observed in microarray profile. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay elucidated differential epigenetic modifications in drug-treated and control cells. CONCLUSION: HDs triggered epigenetic modifications and alterations in microarray gene expression profiles of many genes associated with carcinogenesis in HeLa cells in vitro.
... In this report, we present gene expression profiling results that give strong support to a hypothesis proposed by Khuda-Bukhsh [1,2], to wit, that potentized homeopathic drugs act through regulation of gene expression. Thangapazham et al. [3], in turn, apparently failed to find changes in gene expression induced by homeopathic drugs used in in vitro experiments with human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, human prostate cancer cells DU-145 and LNCaP, and rat prostate cancer cells MAT-LyLu treated with some potentized homeopathic remedies like Conium maculatum, Sabal serrulata, Thuja occidentalis, Asterias rubens, and Phytolacca decandra in dilutions 30c, 200c and 1,000c, and Carcinosinum (1,000 c) although they had found in an earlier in vivo study reduction in the number and size of cancer nodules supported by histological analysis in prostate cancer MAT-LyLu cell-injected Copenhagen rats given homeopathic treatment containing Thuj, Con, Sabal serrulata, and in MAT-LyLu cell with Carc [4]. ...
... This suggests that both drugs and placebo differed in their ability to trigger gene responses, some of which were implicated in cancer. Thus, although the drugs were ultra highly diluted, they still retained the ability to trigger gene responses in a cascade of reactions, diving support to Khuda-Bukhsh's hypothesis [1][2]. Epigenetic modifications are a hallmark of cancer, and a large number of genes remain in modified state of expression in cancer cells. ...
... The results of the present study, therefore, contribute to support the gene regulatory hypothesis proposed by Khuda-Bukhsh [1,2]. Further studies are needed to ascertain the ability of Cond 30c, if any, to modulate activities like DNA methylation/demethylation and histone acetylation/deacetylation, 2 hallmarks of epigenetic modifications, to produce additional support to the gene regulatory hypothesis. ...
Background: Use of ultra-high diluted remedies in homeopathy and their claimed efficacy in curing diseases has been challenged time and again by non-believers despite many evidence-based positive results published in favor of their efficacy in curing/ameliorating disease symptoms. Aims: To test the ability of ultra-high diluted homeopathic remedies beyond Avogadro's limit, if any, in manifesting gene modulating effects in controlled in vitro experimental model. Methods: Since cancer cells manifest aberrant epigenetic gene expressions, we conducted global microarray gene expression profiling of HeLa cells (an established epigenetic model of HPV18 positive cell line) treated with two different potentized homeopathic remedies, namely, Condurango 30c and Hydrastis canadensis 30C (used in the treatment of cancer), as compared to that of placebo (succussed alcohol 30c). Results: Data revealed distinctly different expression patterns of over 100 genes as a consequence of treatment with both homeopathc remedies compared to placebo. Conclusion: Results indicate that action of the potentized drugs was "more than placebo" and these ultra-highly diluted drugs acted primarily through modulation of gene expression.
... Much research has shown the biological activities of ultra-highly-diluted drug materials; further, their capability to modulate different signal genes and proteins was also identified [2] . Therefore, Khuda-Bukhsh [3] and Pathak [4] advocated a working hypothesis claiming that the working principle of the homeopathic remedy should be based upon a switch on/off mechanism of gene expression, particularly by causing epigenetic modifications. ...
... This suggests that both drugs and placebo differed in their ability to trigger gene responses, some of which were implicated in cancer. Thus, although the drugs were ultra highly diluted, they still retained the ability to trigger gene responses in a cascade of reactions, giving support to Khuda-Bukhsh's hypothesis [3,8] . Epigenetic modifications are a hallmark of cancer, and a large number of genes remain in modified state of expression in cancer cells. ...
... 2 Furthermore, in correlating the characteristics of chronic miasms with those of epigenetic alterations, we highlight analogies between them, such as: most chronic diseases have a miasmatic (psora) or epigenetic cause which predisposes their appearance and prevents their natural resolution (fundamental cause of chronic diseases); the latency or manifestation of psora and the silencing or activation of disease-promoting genes are triggered by similar etiopathogenic factors; both chronic miasmas and disease-promoting epigenetic alterations are transmissible to future generations, and can be reversed by antimiasmatic drugs or epigenetic treatments, respectively. 1 Since 1997, Khuda-Bukhsh [17][18][19] and other researchers 20,21 defend the hypothesis that homeopathic medicines act in the genome, modulating disease-promoting gene expression. In this context, dozens of in vitro experimental studies suggest that potentized homeopathic medicines may act in the homeostatic regulation of gene expression, in view of their causing apoptosis in cancer cells and therapeutic regulation in disease-promoting gene expression. 1 Therefore, we can correlate the intrinsic characteristics and properties of the homeopathic vital principle to those of the genome (exome plus epigenome), suggesting the hypothesis that this is the representation or biological substrate of that according to the biomedical model. 2 On the other hand, disease-promoting epigenetic alterations would be the representation or biological substrate of chronic homeopathic miasmas. 1 In short, in homeopathic terms, the genome would be the simillimum of organic vital force and the disease-promoting epigenetic alterations would be the simillimum of chronic miasmas. ...
... Just as he suggested, in 1997, the "gene regulatory homeopathic hypothesis", [17][18][19] later reiterated in numerous experimental studies, 1,91 Khuda-Bukhsh proposed, in 2002, "a careful study of telomerase activity in these experimental studies to help in understanding the underlying genetic mechanism". 92 In accordance with this suggestion, experimental evidence-based studies show the role of potentized homeopathic medicines in modulating TL 93,94 and telomerase activity (expression of TERT), 95,96 suggesting that the telomere-telomerase complex can be a biological marker of the organic vital force state and could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. ...
Background: Philosophical–scientific correlations described in previous studies suggest that the genome can be the biological representation of the vital force, whilst the disease-promoting epigenetic alterations would be the biological representation of the chronic miasmas. In this study, we expand the functional correlation between vital force and chromosomes, describing the mechanism of action of the telomere–telomerase complex in the context of physiological balance.
Aims: The aim of the work is to study the role of the telomere–telomerase complex in cell vitality, biological aging, and the health-disease process, with the goal of proposing the use of telomere length as a biomarker of the vital force state and the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment.
Results: Similar to the vital force, telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity play an important role in maintaining cellular vitality, biological longevity, and physiological homeostasis. Telomere shortening functions as a biomarker of vital imbalance and is associated with numerous diseases and health disorders. On the other hand, health-promotion practices neutralize the pathological shortening of the telomeres, acting therapeutically in diseases or age-dependent health disorders.
Conclusions: As a hypothetical biomarker of the vital force state, an intra-individual analysis of the mean leukocyte telomere length before, during, and after homeopathic treatment can be used as a biomarker of therapeutic effectiveness.
... This also initiated extensive research in recent years by utilizing various scientific models to test efficacy of the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedies and to understand the underlying possible mechanism of action based on proper scientific evidences. Khuda-Bukhsh [1] proposed a working hypothesis in 1997 that the potentized homeopathic remedies could act through regulation of gene expression, and subsequently his group demonstrated the ability of potentized remedies to alter some transcriptomes, possibly through epigenetic modifications [2][3][4][5], and further works were initiated particularly in the laboratory of Khuda-Bukhsh and elsewhere towards accumulating experimental data on homeopathy in various aspects. ...
... We reported in our earlier studies [6][7][8] by utilizing reverse- transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods that introduction of homeopathic drugs is capable of bringing about changes in the gene expression of the bacterial system, both at the m-RNA and DNA levels, when exposed to other toxic insults. Khuda-Bukhsh and his group have long been advocating [1,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] 4/5 that the potentized homeopathic drugs could possibly act through regulation of gene expression, with exhaustive experimental evidences from both the higher organisms like mammals and lower organisms like yeast and bacteria. The results of the study under commentary provide yet another strong evidence of the capability of the potentized homeopathic drugs to trigger specific gene activity in the bacteria to render protective effects against phage attack. ...
We tested if some ultra-highly diluted (by a factor of 1060) homeopathic remedies could induce demonstrable enhanced resistance to the bacteria, Escherichia coli, against infectivity potentials of the host-specific DNA bacteriophage- ФX174. Evaluation of anti-viral efficacy, if any, of certain homeopathic remedies with claimed anti-viral effect was made with the aid of the ‘bacteriophage assay system’ by ‘top layer agar plating’ method of plaque counting. The number of plaques was recorded in agar-plated petri dishes, containing different drug-treated (1% v/v; Belladonna 30C, Rhus Tox 30C, Arnica 30C, and subsequently Aconite 30C) or placebo treated (succussed 1% “alcoholic vehicle” of the drug, Alc-30C, considered placebo or +tive control) bacteria plus the untreated phage mixture. The plaques actually represented the colony of bacteria lysed (or infected) by the phage ФX174. Conversely, we exposed ФX174 to the homeopathic drugs and placebo before allowing them to interact with the untreated bacteria to ascertain if the drug itself had any direct effect on infective potential of the phage DNA entering into the bacterial cell. The “blinded” observers noted that each of homeopathic remedy showed significant decrease in plaque numbers in petri dishes with pre-treated (1h prior to infection) bacteria as compared to untreated and placebo-treated controls; however, only insignificant change in plaque number was noted when ФX174 were pre-treated with the drugs. Thus, the plaque formation directly related to the constitutive expression of E gene (lysis gene) of the phage when inside E. coli, was apparently “blocked” partially by the homeopathic remedies, presumably by inactivation of the E gene by a product of the host genome known to be regulated by a cluster of genes, providing evidence for the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedies to have anti-viral effects and ability to modulate expression of certain relevant gene(s) even in bacteria with a simple genetic system.
(Author's Note: Unfortunately, the article was published without incorporating the corrections pointed out by the author at galley proof stage and therefore contains a few typos and mistakes, for which the author is not responsible. The legend to the Figure 1 should be read as: "RT-PCR analysis of phage lysis gene E in drug-pretreated and control bacteria E. coli.”
... The study of homeogenomics began formally almost two decades ago [3] when one of us (A R K-B) first postulated that homoeopathic remedies would have the capacity to interact with the genome and rearrange the expression of many genes. Since that time, the results of many investigations have confirmed this postulate. ...
... Homeogenomic studies have confirmed the postulate [3] that homoeopathic remedies have the capacity to rearrange the transcriptome. The results of many homeogenomic studies are beginning to identify the gene targeting specificities of a number of homoeopathic remedies. ...
Almost two decades ago, it was postulated that homoeopathic remedies could deliver their benefits by interacting with the genetic blueprint. Over the years, the results of many homeogenomic gene expression studies have confirmed this postulate. The results of homeogenomic studies have begun to recognize which of the estimated 25,000 human genes are targeted by different homoeopathic remedies and how the expression profiles of these targeted genes are rearranged. From a mechanistic standpoint, seminal homeogenomic studies have shown that homoeopathic remedies can also facilitate epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. This is an important discovery because DNA methylation plays an important role in the control of the expression of many genes. Understanding of the genes targeted by different homoeopathic remedies, taken together with information about the function of the protein/s encoded by the targeted gene/s provides a further complementary approach to homoeopathic remedy selection. In this review, as an example, we show how the results of homeogenomic studies support the applicability of frequently used homoeopathic remedies in patients suffering from cancer, particularly with respect to upregulation of the gene TP53. This review also outlines how the results of homeogenomic studies may also provide further help with potency selection and optimum dosage regimen.
... The study of homeogenomics began formally almost two decades ago [3] when one of us (A R K-B) first postulated that homoeopathic remedies would have the capacity to interact with the genome and rearrange the expression of many genes. Since that time, the results of many investigations have confirmed this postulate. ...
... Homeogenomic studies have confirmed the postulate [3] that homoeopathic remedies have the capacity to rearrange the transcriptome. The results of many homeogenomic studies are beginning to identify the gene targeting specificities of a number of homoeopathic remedies. ...
Almost two decades ago, it was postulated that homoeopathic remedies could deliver
their benefits by interacting with the genetic blueprint. Over the years, the results of many
homeogenomic gene expression studies have confirmed this postulate. The results of
homeogenomic studies have begun to recognize which of the estimated 25,000 human
genes are targeted by different homoeopathic remedies and how the expression profiles
of these targeted genes are rearranged. From a mechanistic standpoint, seminal
homeogenomic studies have shown that homoeopathic remedies can also facilitate
epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. This is an important discovery
because DNA methylation plays an important role in the control of the expression of
many genes. Understanding of the genes targeted by different homoeopathic remedies,
taken together with information about the function of the protein/s encoded by the
targeted gene/s provides a further complementary approach to homoeopathic remedy
selection. In this review, as an example, we show how the results of homeogenomic
studies support the applicability of frequently used homoeopathic remedies in patients
suffering from cancer, particularly with respect to upregulation of the gene TP53. This
review also outlines how the results of homeogenomic studies may also provide further
help with potency selection and optimum dosage regimen.
Keywords: Gene expression, Homeogenetics, Homeogenomics, Homoeopathy
INTRODUCTION
Homoeopathy was developed around two centuries ago
by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann. Its health care benefits are
delivered more frequently by administration of highly
diluted potentized substances, or remedies although
crude forms (mother tinctures) are occasionally used
depending on certain conditions of the patient.
There are many remedies used presently. To select
which one of these remedies is most appropriate for
any particular patient, practitioners use a number of
different ways to select the most suitable remedy, as
outlined below.
I J R H
1Department of Pathology,
Molecular Pathology Laboratory,
University of Western
Australia, Perth, Western
Australia, 2Department of Zoology,
University of Kalyani, Kalyani,
West Bengal, India
*Address for correspondence:
Dr. Peter H. Kay,
36, Woodplumpton Road,
Woodplumpton, Lancs., U.K.
PR4 0NE.
E‑mail: peterhkay@gmail.com
Received: 09-03-2016
Accepted: 27-04-2016
... Although the present contribution is not aimed at validating any specific therapeutic philosophy, it is worth mentioning that the concept that modulation of gene expression could explain the effects of chemicals and drugs at extreme dilution has been present for a relatively long time in the scientific literature to support the claimed effects of some homeopathic preparations. 7,8 However, until recently, the available methods were too imprecise or insensitive to test this hypothesis. Accordingly, an early article in this field, using as a testing method the ribonuclease protection assay and testing various homeopathic preparations (Conium maculatum, Sabalserrulata, Thujaoccidentalis, Asterias, Phytolacca, and Carcinosin) on prostate and breast cancer cells, showed no changes in messenger RNA levels of bax, bcl-2, bcl-x, caspase-1, caspase-2, caspase-3, Fas, or FasL. ...
... Responses at ultra-low dilutions are confirmed by the present data, and variations in gene expression have been observed in various laboratories, using different substances and approaches. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]38 Several hypotheses have been formulated for explaining this behavior 18,40 ; we do not wish to comment on the hypotheses advanced so far to explain the puzzling behavior of diluted solutions. Notably, in our experiments, serial dilutions/succussions were performed in Apis mellifica preparations but not in control solvents, creating possible bias due to compounds hypothetically released from the glass containers or from caps and seals. ...
Gene expression analysis has been employed in the past to test the effects of high dilutions on cell systems. However, most of the previous studies were restricted to the investigation of few dilutions, making it difficult to explore underlying mechanisms of action. Using whole-genome transcriptomic analysis, we investigated the effects of a wide range of Apis mellifica dilutions on gene expression profiles of human cells. RWPE-1 cells, a nonneoplastic adult human epithelial prostate cell line, were exposed to Apis mellifica preparations (3C, 5C, 7C, 9C, 12C, 15C, and 30C) or to the reference solvent solutions for 24 hours; nonexposed cells were also checked for gene expression variations. Our results showed that even the most diluted solutions retained the ability to trigger significant variations in gene expression. Gene pathway analysis revealed consistent variations in gene expression induced by Apis mellifica when compared to nonexposed reference cells but not to reference solvent solutions. Since the effects of Apis Mellifica at extreme dilutions did not show dose–effect relationships, the biological or functional interpretation of these results remains uncertain.
... Therefore, it becomes imperative that any attempt to explain the mechanism of action of the homeopathic drug would be highly speculative at the present state of our knowledge. In one such effort, Khuda-Bukhsh [27] advocated a hypothesis based on many circumstantial scientific evidences and logic that one major pathway of potentized homeopathic drugs could possibly be through regulation of expression of certain relevant genes. More and more evidences are being accumulated signifying validity of this hypothesis [28][29][30][31]. ...
... Therefore, the potentized drugs contained in them definite signals which were apparently missing in the succussed alcohol. Indeed, a considerable amount of data so far accumulated tend to show that homeopathic drugs do have abilities to bring in noticeable protective changes at certain physiological and cytogenetical levels, which are known to be strictly under genetic control [27,[29][30][31]. As for example, the homeopathic drugs have been shown to be capable of repairing DNA damage or chromosome damage induced by X-irradiations [35][36][37], or by chemical mutagens [38] or by ultrasonic sound waves [28]. ...
Arsenic in groundwater and its accumulation in plants and animals have assumed a menacing proportion in a large part of West Bengal, India and adjoining areas of Bangladesh. Because of the tremendous magnitude of the problem, there seems to be no way to tackle the problem overnight. Efforts to provide arsenic free water to the millions of people living in these dreaded zones are being made, but are awfully inadequate. In our quest for finding out an easy, safe and affordable means to combat this problem, a homeopathic drug, Arsenicum Album-30, appears to yield promising results in mice. The relative efficacies of two micro doses of this drug, namely, Arsenicum Album-30 and Arsenicum Album-200, in combating arsenic toxicity have been determined in the present study on the basis of some accepted biochemical protocols.
Mice were divided into different sets of control (both positive and negative) and treated series (As-intoxicated, As-intoxicated plus drug-fed). Alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) level in liver and blood were analyzed in the different series of mice at six different fixation intervals.
Both Arsenicum Album-30 and Arsenicum Album-200 ameliorated arsenic-induced toxicity to a considerable extent as compared to various controls.
The results lend further support to our earlier views that microdoses of potentized Arsenicum Album are capable of combating arsenic intoxication in mice, and thus are strong candidates for possible use in human subjects in arsenic contaminated areas under medical supervision.
... Thus the repair mechanisms were essentially mediated through active gene action. Khuda Bukhsh [23] proposed a hypothesis to explain the possible mechanism of action of such micro doses based on many circumstantial evidences [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] that the micro doses act through the regu-lation of relevant gene expression by eliciting impulses similar to that of some hormones and enzymes. That can suitably explain the mechanisms involved in the repair of damaged chromosomes or sperm head by the application of the micro doses. ...
... Thus the repair mechanisms were essentially mediated through active gene action. Khuda Bukhsh [23] proposed a hypothesis to explain the possible mechanism of action of such micro doses based on many circumstantial evidences [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] that the micro doses act through the regu-lation of relevant gene expression by eliciting impulses similar to that of some hormones and enzymes. That can suitably explain the mechanisms involved in the repair of damaged chromosomes or sperm head by the application of the micro doses. ...
Crude extracts of Chelidonium majus, and also purified compounds derived from crude extracts of this plant, have been reported to exhibit anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-microbial properties both in vitro and in vivo. Chelidonium is a homeopathic drug routinely used against various liver disorders including cancer in humans. Two potencies of Chelidonium (Ch-30, Ch-200) have been tested for their possible anti-tumor and enzyme modulating activities in liver and anti-clastogenic effects during p-DAB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice compared to suitable controls.
Several cytogenetic and enzymatic protocols were used at three fixation intervals; at 60 days, 90 days and 120 days of treatment. Different sets of healthy mice were fed: i) hepatocarcinogen, p-DAB plus phenobarbital (PB), ii) only PB, iii) neither p-DAB nor PB (normal control). One set of mice fed with p-DAB plus PB was also fed Ch-30 (iv) and another set Ch-200 (v). All standard currently used methods were adopted for cytogenetical preparations and for the enzyme assays.
All group (i) mice developed tumors in liver at all fixation intervals, while none of group (ii) and (iii) mice developed any tumors. About 40% mice in group (iv) and group (v) did not show tumor nodules in their liver. Feeding of Chelidonium to group (iv) and (v) mice reduced genotoxic effects to a significant extent (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001).
The homeopathic drug Chelidonium exhibited anti-tumor and anti-genotoxic activities and also favorably modulated activities of some marker enzymes. Microdoses of Chelidonium may be effectively used in combating liver cancer.
... Thus, homeopathy is no longer considered a myth, but needs active research to understand the complete mechanism of action of the ultra-high dilutions [12,13] and to reinforce confidence in the use of this controversial system of medication. In this context, the gene regulatory hypothesis proposed by Khuda-Bukhsh [14,15] that suggests the ability of the ultra-highly diluted remedies to trigger modulation of gene expres-sion as a possible molecular mechanism in all living organisms has now been gaining ground with the accumulation of relevant research data in its support. ...
... Incidentally, Khuda-Bukhsh [14,15] first proposed a hypothesis based on many direct and indirect (circumstantial) evidence that one of the mechanisms through which the homeopathic drugs act, might be caused by regulation of gene expression. The results of the present study as well as earlier evidence [27][28][29] support this contention. ...
DNA hypermethylation induces cancer progression involving CpG island of DNA and causes inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. In this study, DNA hypermethylation status of lung cancer and ability of ultra-highly diluted Condurango 30C to modulate DNA methylation were ascertained by analysis of lung cancer-specific tumour suppressor genes in respect to placebo.
DNA methylation status, if any, was determined by PCR-SSCP analyses in lung cancer-specific tumour suppressor genes (p15, p16 and p53) using H460-NSCLC cell and BaP-induced lung cancer of rats. The ability of Condurango 30C to modulate DNA methylation, if any, was verified against placebo control in blinded manner.
Condurango 30C-treated DNA showed significant decrease in band intensity of p15 and p53 genes especially in methylated condition in vitro, at IC50 dose (2.43µl/100µl). SSCP analysis of p15 and p53 genes in Condurango 30C-treated DNA also suggests that Condurango 30C can decrease methylation, in vitro. Inhibition of p15 hypermethylation was observed in post-cancer treatment of rats with Condurango 30C. SSCP results gave a better indication of differences in band position of p15 and p53 in Condurango 30C-treated lung samples.
Condurango 30C could trigger epigenetic modification in lung cancer via modulation of DNA hypermethylation. © 2015 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.
... However, how the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic drugs could bring in such spectacular ameliorative effects to reduce significantly the sufferings of the patients could not be clearly understood and it would probably continue to be a subject of in-depth quest for future researchers; however, there have been some advancement in understanding the possible mechanism through which these drugs possibly act. These ultra-highly diluted drugs have now been known to contain nanoparticles of original drug substance(s) [31][32] which are capable of acting at the molecular level, possibly triggering their action through impacting on DNA and triggering a cascade of some relevant target gene expressions in a favourable manner [33][34][35][36][37][38], presumably via their regulatory action through epigenetic modifications [39][40][41][42]; that could in turn initiate and manage the recovery process in such a way that it would not only give relief to their joint pain, stiffness of muscle and favorably modify inflammatory changes, but would increase thereby their day to day activities yielding greater output of their daily productivity and thus give them a better way of life. ...
Knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease of the knee joint resulting in severe joint pain with stiffness and inflammation causing considerable impairment in daily activities of patients. Management of pain with routine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in such cases may give some patients temporary relief, but use of these drugs often causes unwanted side-effects. Limited clinical data available so far on homeopathic management of arthritic pain and stiffness are still inadequate and inconclusive for claiming efficacy of homeopathic drugs. Therefore, we undertook this pilot study with seventy patients of the "outpatient department" (OPD) to evaluate relative efficacy of certain commonly used homeopathic medicines selected strictly on the basis of similia principle. We objectively analyzed the data through certain accepted protocols of pain measurements as recommended by "American College of Rheumatology Criteria", like "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index" (WOMAC) and also crosschecked by "Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain Scale" (ICOAP) protocols, utilizing relevant statistical analyses. Most patients responded favorably to homeopathic drugs, showing amelioration of their joint pain, inflammation and joint stiffness; post-medication data were compared with pre-medication state after five to six consecutive visits at OPD wherein consecutive visits were separated by two weeks' interval between them. Statistical interpretation indicated a significant increase in index of daily performance in patients along with the decrease in pain measurement data (P<0.001).There is ample scope for effective management of arthritic muscle pain and stiffness of knee joint through administration of homeopathic drugs, which have no significant side-effects and relatively much cost-effective as compared to conventional treatment with modern medicines.
... However, how the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic drugs could bring in such spectacular ameliorative effects to reduce significantly the sufferings of the patients could not be clearly understood and it would probably continue to be a subject of in-depth quest for future researchers; however, there have been some advancement in understanding the possible mechanism through which these drugs possibly act. These ultra-highly diluted drugs have now been known to contain nanoparticles of original drug substance(s) [31][32] which are capable of acting at the molecular level, possibly triggering their action through impacting on DNA and triggering a cascade of some relevant target gene expressions in a favourable manner [33][34][35][36][37][38], presumably via their regulatory action through epigenetic modifications [39][40][41][42]; that could in turn initiate and manage the recovery process in such a way that it would not only give relief to their joint pain, stiffness of muscle and favorably modify inflammatory changes, but would increase thereby their day to day activities yielding greater output of their daily productivity and thus give them a better way of life. ...
Knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease of the knee joint resulting in severe joint pain with stiffness and inflammation causing considerable impairment in daily activities of patients. Management of pain with routine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in such cases may give some patients temporary relief, but use of these drugs often causes unwanted side-effects. Limited clinical data available so far on homeopathic management of arthritic pain and stiffness are still inadequate and inconclusive for claiming efficacy of homeopathic drugs. Therefore, we undertook this pilot study with seventy patients of the "outpatient department" (OPD) to evaluate relative efficacy of certain commonly used homeopathic medicines selected strictly on the basis of similia principle. We objectively analyzed the data through certain accepted protocols of pain measurements as recommended by "American College of Rheumatology Criteria", like "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index" (WOMAC) and also crosschecked by "Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain Scale" (ICOAP) protocols, utilizing relevant statistical analyses. Most patients responded favorably to homeopathic drugs, showing amelioration of their joint pain, inflammation and joint stiffness; post-medication data were compared with pre-medication state after five to six consecutive visits at OPD wherein consecutive visits were separated by two weeks' interval between them. Statistical interpretation indicated a significant increase in index of daily performance in patients along with the decrease in pain measurement data (P<0.001).There is ample scope for effective management of arthritic muscle pain and stiffness of knee joint through administration of homeopathic drugs, which have no significant side-effects and relatively much cost-effective as compared to conventional treatment with modern medicines.
... Agro-homeopathy seems to be an ideal choice of replacement for chemical intensive fertilizers and pesticides. Recent studies and research publications well established the fact that homeopathic ultra-high dilutions produce epigenetic modifications in animal models and cell lines [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Further researches are necessary to understand the potential of these ultra-high dilutions in the treatment of plant diseases and regulate growth without environmental and health impacts. ...
Background: Use of Homeopathy as a therapeutic tool is still very nascent in plant science and agriculture. Therapies used for plant growth and diseases are not relevant for plants alone, but they also drastically influence the ecosystem of the organic world too. Use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers was a boon during the initial phase of green revolution around the world. Unfortunately, later they became the major reason of chronic illnesses like cancers and a cause for soil degradation all over. Current scenario demands the use of alternative models in agricultural practices in-order to prevent diseases and to maintain the health status of the population. This is also very important to get rid of the damages done to the soil. Aims: Present study aimed at analyzing the material content of the agro homeopathic drug, ‘Homeo agrocare’. Methdology: High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and Energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) was used to evaluate the material content of the drug. Results: (1) the drug solution contains plenty of nanoparticles (NPs). (2) the size of NPs ranges between 4.99nm - 120nm. (3) Twenty elements were identified in the fields studied. Conclusion: Study conclusively proved the presence of NPs of the original drug materials used in the ‘Homoeo agrocare’ drug solution. The presence of NPs of the original drug substances suggest that the drug action of ‘Homoeo agrocare’ in plants is due to the epigenetic modifications initiated by the NPs in the plant genetics.
... The ability of this ultra-highly diluted drug to have positive influence on these two enzymes is therefore very significant findings, and not reported by any earlier worker. This finding also gives credence to the gene-regulatory hypothesis proposed by Khuda-Bukhsh [9,10] to explain molecular mechanism of biological action of potentized homeopathic drugs, particularly those diluted above Avogadro's limit. ...
OBJECTIVE: Homeopathic nosodes have seldom been scientifically validated for their anticancer effects. This study was conducted to examine if a recently developed hepatitis C nosode has demonstrable anticancer potential in cancer cells in vitro. METHODS: Anticancer effects of Hepatitis C 30C (Hep C 30), if any, were initially tested on three cancer cell lines, HepG2 (liver cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and A549 (lung cancer) and one normal liver cell line WRL-68 cells and subsequently a more thorough study using further scientific protocols was undertaken on HepG2 cells (against WRL-68 cells as the normal control) as HepG2 cells showed better anticancer response than the other two. Three doses, one at 50% lethal dose (LD 50) and the other two below LD 50 , were used on HepG2 cells subsequently. Protocols like apoptosis induction and its possible signaling mechanism were deployed using immunoblots of relevant signal proteins and confocal microscopy, with particular reference to telomerase and topoisomerase II (Top II) activities, two strong cancer biomarkers for their direct relationship with divisional activities of cells and DNAs. RESULTS: Hep C 30 induced apoptosis, caused distorted cell morphology typical of apoptotic cells, increased reactive oxygen species generation and produced increased DNA nicks. Further it enhanced pro-apototic signal proteins like Bax, cytochrome c and inhibited anti-apoptotic signal proteins, Bcl-2, cytochrome c and caspase-3, changed mitochondrial membrane potential and caused externalization of phosphatidylserine. The drug also decreased expression of two cancer biomarkers, Top II and telomerase, consistent with its anticancer effect. CONCLUSION: Hep C 30 has demonstrable anticancer effects against liver cancer cells in vitro. Citation: Mondal J, Das J, Shah R, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. A homeopathic nosode, Hepatitis C 30 demonstrates anticancer effect against liver cancer cells (HepG2) in vitro by modulating telomerase and topoisomerase II activities as also by promoting apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. J Integr Med. 2016; 14(3): 209-218.
... Several studies conducted in animals as well as in cell lines have found that homeopathic remedies may act through regulation of key genes involved in signalling pathways. [30][31][32] Hence, it is quite probable that at the gene level subtle changes may be shown by higher potencies; however, our study did not reflect this at the level of proteins, such as caspase 3. We also recognise the limitations of studies of cell lines used as a disease model, lacking the 'crosstalk' with other cell types present in the in vivo milieu. The tumour microenvironment plays a crucial role in the outcome of treatment and therefore future studies addressing this are warranted. ...
Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Conventional treatment such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiotherapy has decreased the mortality rate among cancer patients but has also revealed long-term side effects. Drug resistance and toxicity to normal cells compound the problems associated with the use of modern medicines. Hence, complementary or alternative treatment options are being explored. The current study, using different homeopathic potencies of Hydrastis canadensis, was conducted to distinguish between any effects they might have on hormone-dependent and independent breast cancer.
Materials and Methods The cytotoxic effect of homeopathic medicine Hydrastis on hormone-dependent (MCF 7) and hormone-independent (MDA-MB-468) breast cancer cells was assessed using viability and colony-forming assays after 48 or 72 hours of treatment. Flow cytometry-based Annexin V-PI (propidium iodide), caspase 3 and cell cycle analysis was performed following treatment of cells with mother tincture or various potencies of Hydrastis (1C, 2C, 30C, 200C).
Results Different potencies of Hydrastis displayed selective cytotoxic effects against MCF 7 cells, but only marginal effects against MDA-MB-468. The maximum cytotoxicity was established in the case of 1C following 72 hours of treatment. Treatment of breast cancer cells revealed an increase in the G0/G1 cell population, along with an increase in the caspase 3 levels and induction of apoptosis.
Conclusion Hydrastis may have a selective cytotoxic effect against hormone-dependent breast cancer MCF 7 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, which could be the plausible reason for the induction of apoptosis. The results need to be validated in vivo.
... Based on experimental studies, since 1997, that show the effect of homeopathic medicine on repairing chromosome damage caused by toxic or radioactive stimuli, Khuda-Bukhsh defends the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of homeopathic medicines occurs by regulating gene expres-sion at probably one or more levels of control. [21][22][23] After two decades researching in the area, the authors report the results of many homeogenomic and homeogenetic studies confirming the postulate that 'homeopathic remedies could deliver their benefits by interacting with the genetic blueprint', including 'epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation'. According to this assumption, the authors state that 'homeopathic remedies would have the capacity to interact with the genome and rearrange the expression of many genes'. ...
Introduction: In addition to the four pillars of homeopathy, vitalism and the miasmatic theory are often used to explain the health–disease process. According to Hahnemann's concepts, homeopathic miasms are the main obstacle to the cure of chronic diseases, with psora being the fundamental cause of all forms of diseases. According to modern genetics, the disease-promoting epigenetic alterations are the fundamental cause of the manifestation of chronic diseases.
Objective: This article develops a philosophical–scientific correlation between chronic miasms and disease-promoting epigenetic modifications, aiming to justify the isopathic use of auto-sarcode of an individual's DNA as homeopathic medicine.
Results: Based on the study of homeopathic doctrine and epigenetics, a conceptual and functional correlation is observed between homeopathic chronic miasms and disease-promoting epigenetic modifications. Additionally, several experimental studies suggest that homeopathy's mechanism of action may be by modulating gene expression.
Conclusions: By the philosophical–scientific correlations described, it is inferred that disease-promoting epigenetic alterations are the biological representation of the chronic miasms, suggesting the isopathic use of auto-sarcode of DNA as homeopathic therapeutic modulator of gene expression for the management of chronic diseases.
... Further, recently these biomarkers have been implicated to hepato-cellular injury or necrosis of some striated muscles [20,21] and have also been directly implicated to hepatotoxicity generated either as a result of cellular injury or disorder or malfunctioning of hepatocytes because raised levels of ALT have been detected in various hepatic disorders. Therefore, the ability of successful reduction of the AST and ALT could be viewed as supportive evidence of the homeopathic drugs' ability to induce intrinsic regulatory measures in the expression of relevant genes to bring about the functioning of them back to proper and normal level [18,22] . ...
... The results through RT-PCR also confirmed that mRNAs of uvrA, uvrB and uvrC genes were over-expressed. Therefore, the results of the present investigation actually vindicated the hypothesis first advocated by Khuda-Bukhsh [23][24][25][26] that one major way by which the potentized homeopathic drug would act is by the regulation of expression of the relevant genes. Khuda-Bukhsh and his collaborators [27][28][29] also found many evidences of alteration in gene expression in a mammalian model (Mus musculus) after administration of various forms of homeopathic drugs and demonstrated change in many signal proteins in experimental cancerous mice in vivo and also in human cancer cells in vitro [30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. ...
In homeopathy, ultra-highly diluted drugs are used with great benefits to treat various ailments in human and higher animals, but whether lower organisms (prokaryotes) with simple genetic system can also respond to homeopathic drugs was not known. To test if the homeopathic drug, Arnica Montana 30C (AM-30C), used against shock and injury, can modulate relevant gene expressions and oxidative stress, we exposed Escherichia coli (E. coli) to two doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and subsequently quantified its DNA damage and oxidative stress along with the expression of the nucleotide excision repair genes, uvr A, uvr B and uvr C in the drug-treated and placebo-treated (succussed alcohol, being "vehicle" of the drug) bacteria. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also estimated and the gene expression patterns in them were compared. Certain other relevant parameters of study like comet assay, gel electrophoresis for DNA ladder, intra-cellular ROS generation, and other toxicity biomarkers like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also conducted. Expressions of mRNA of the excision repair genes estimated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method were analyzed. AM-30C treated bacteria showed less DNA damage and diminished oxidative stress, along with decrease in ROS generation, and a corresponding increase in SOD, CAT and GSH activities. AM-30C up-regulated the expression of the repair genes uvr A, B and C, validating prima facie the "gene regulatory hypothesis" that claims ultra-highly diluted homeopathic drugs to act through regulation of relevant gene expressions as the most plausible molecular mechanism.
... The results thus validated the efficacy of ultra-high dilutions commonly used in homeopathy, and though physico-chemically ultra-high dilutions of Ars Alb 30 or Glu 30 can not be easily distinguishable, the bacteria could react differently to the ultra-high dilutions in respect of the physiological/biochemical/gene-expression activities in these organisms with genetically simple systems and devoid of any nervous system, indicating thereby that intermediation through nervous system for executing a precise gene expression is not indispensible and can be possible without its involvement in the lower organisms. This can give a clue that if the molecular mechanism of action is considered to be the same in all living organisms, and not different in the lower and higher animals, the "gene regulatory hypothesis" first proposed by Khuda-Bukhsh [23] to explain the mechanism of biological action of potentized homeopathic drugs stands as the most plausible of all hypotheses proposed so far, which very recently has also been supported by other prominent workers [24,25]. ...
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid distributed in the whole environment causing stress and various health hazards to living organisms, necessitating them to evolve precise mechanisms for arsenic detoxification/extrusion. The bacterial model Escherichia coli actively extrude arsenic via ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) mediated transporter proteins primarily by converting glucose into ATP. In this commentary, we analyzed the relative protective responses elicited by Sodium arsenite intoxicated E. coli induced by two ultra-highly diluted and succussed substances, namely, Arsenicum Album 30C and Glucose 30C derived by homeopathic procedure of dilutions (by a factor of 10 60) and succussions of the same toxic substance, Arsenic trioxide, and glucose, the metabolic source of high energy (Adenosine triphosphate or ATP), respectively. This commentary highlights the outcome of how E. coli responded differently to these two ultra-highly diluted agents in terms of some relevant parameters of study like glucose uptake, hexokinase and glucokinase activities, ATP, arsenic concentrations and expulsion, and certain gene expressions as reported in our two earlier studies. Short Communication Arsenic is one of the toxic metalloids present in the environment. Its trioxide form (arsenite or As III) is more toxic than its pentoxide form (arsenate or As V). Arsenic intoxication with As III produces immediate acute toxic effects in all living organisms. In view of its ubiquitous presence in the environment, all living organisms are at risk of being exposed to arsenic intoxication that can produce physiological stress and health hazards [1] and the higher animals like mammals including human show manifestation of the toxic effects by way of severe vomiting and strong diarrhoea. One of the main working principles of homeopathy advocates "like cures like"-meaning thereby that the toxic symptoms like severe vomiting and diarrhoea induced by some toxic substance can be cured by the ultra-highly diluted and succussed solution of the same substance when administered in ultra-high dilutions and in micro doses [2]. After conducting a large number of experiments on the efficacy of the ultra-highly diluted Arsenicum Album 30C (prepared from serial dilutions and succussions of 1% Arsenic trioxide by a factor of 10 60 times in multiple steps) in mammalian model mice (Mus musculus) in vivo [3-9] against arsenic poisoning deploying various toxicity biomarkers, we became interested to examine if the single-celled model of lower organisms (prokaryotes), as for example, Eschericia coli, with a simple genetic system exposed to sub-lethal toxic dose of sodium arsenite could also respond favourably to Arsenicum Album 30C (Ars Alb 30) and also to ultra-highly diluted Glucose 30C (Glu 30) towards arsenic entry/expulsion. E. coli is known to have a defensive mechanism against arsenic toxicity and if arsenic enters inside the cell overpowering the resistance, the bacteria expel it by active transport with the help of an arsenic pump utilizing the energy derived from glucose metabolism. The present commentary is primarily based on two of our published research [10,11] that dealt with the molecular mechanism through which E. coli get rid of the induced arsenic toxicity and discussed the role of two ultra-highly diluted agents, Arsenicum Album 30C and Glucose 30C in the process of arsenic elimination from E. coli.
... In some earlier studies, it was also revealed that the regulatory influence of the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedies could possibly be mediated through epigenetic modifications [12,13]. On the basis of ability of some ultra-highly diluted potentized homeopathic drugs showing protective (repair) effects against cytogenetic and enzymatic damage/dysfunction induced by radiation, chemical toxicants, etc. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] it was hypothesized that the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic drugs possibly acted through regulation of gene expression by an effective intrinsic molecular mechanism involving a cascade of gene action. Recently, this proposition has also been supported as the most plausible and correct hypothesis in explaining the molecular mechanism of the potentized homeopathic drugs in all living systems, both in plants and animals and both in vivo and in vitro conditions by some other prominent workers [21,22]. ...
A homeopathic nosode, Hep C 30 was tested for its possible anticancer potential in three types of cancer cells and its therapeutic potential was tested more elaborately against liver cancer cells (Hep G2) by utilizing certain molecular biology protocols including the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and topoisomerase II (Top II) activities.. In this commentary, a critical analysis has been made on the possible implications of the study in respect of its practical application in integrative therapy in oncology and also elucidation of possible molecular mechanism of its biological action of the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic drug-a hotly debated scientific issue.
... They argue that in these diluted homeopathic medicines, theoretically speaking, not even a single molecule of the original drug substance can be expected to be physically present. However, in many controlled well designed scientific experiments, their biological action has been proven and confirmed beyond any doubt and the possible molecular mechanism of biological action has also been elucidated on scientific ground [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . ...
Management of hemophilia through the WHO recommended conventional or Western methods involves much greater cost than what can be afforded by the majority of economically weaker section of the population with this disease, particularly in the developing countries like India. In recent years, a group of homeopathic practitioners in India have regularly been conducting periodic medical camps at different cities to treat hemophilia patients with homeopathic remedies, and their efforts have met with remarkable success in reducing the clotting time, gap between hospital visits for transfusion of factor concentrates, causing improvement in general health, feeling of
well-being and bringing down considerable cost of overall management of haemophilia, bringing a ray of hope to the poor patients.
... Although how the microdoses of the homeopathic remedy HIV-30 could alter various pathological conditions is still not fully resolved. However, several aspects related to research outcome on efficacy and on the question of understanding how the miniscule dose of the ultrahighly diluted homeopathic remedy can produce regulatory influence through possible epigenetic modifications have been elaborately dealt with in several of our earlier publications [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] after the present author first proposed the hypothesis [29] in 1997 that the ultrahighly diluted homeopathic drugs possibly acted through regulation of gene expression by an effective intrinsic molecular mechanism by triggering a cascade of gene action in a regulatory manner. Recently this "gene regulatory hypothesis" is steadily gaining ground and has also been supported as the most plausible and correct hypothesis in explaining the molecular mechanism of the potentized homeopathic drugs in all living systems, both in plants and animals and both in vivo and in vitro conditions. ...
A homeopathically prepared remedy, HIV nosode 30c was tested for its possible anticancer potential and therapeutic use against cancer as revealed from a recent study on A-549 lung cancer cells conducted in our lab by deploying certain molecular biology protocols that yielded some interesting and promising results. The implications of the study in regard to its possible practical application as an integrative therapy in oncology and on the understanding of the molecular mechanism of biological action of the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic drugs are pointed out.
... Matsumoto [105] suggests that interaction between cell-surface proteins and clathrate-like hydrate micro-crystals formed during homeopathic dilution process to be the primary molecular mechanism of biological responses to homeopathic medicines. AR Khudabukhsh [106] suggested regulation of gene expression to be one of the major mechanisms by which homeo-drugs work. He gives an overview of the mechanism [107] where he advocated that one of the main mechanisms and pathways through which the potentised homeopathic drugs act could be by regulation of expression of some specific and relevant genes. ...
As per Avogadro number high potency (beyond 12c) homeo-medicines cannot have even traces of the starting material. So, how can they be medicines? If distinguishing chemical formula is the criterion, then they are non-medicines. Still, they continue to cure diseases for over two centuries. It implies a necessity to reorient our thinking. Thanks to the Structural Model backed by Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), we get the desired reorientation. QED predicts existence of ice-like structures called Coherent Domains (CD) in water at room temperature which is confirmed experimentally. These CDs are information carriers through serial dilution because their shape and size get influenced by factors like impurities, ions of other substances, large foreign molecules, physical perturbations, electromagnetic field etc. Unhindered by Avogadro limit the CDs continue their journey in homeopathic potentisation. These structures, in their turn, influence near-matching bio-molecules to serve as medicines, like antibiotics, leading to a generalized concept of medicine.
Keywords: Structural Model; Quantum Electrodynamics (QED); CDs as information carriers; serial dilution; Generalized concept of medicine
... The 'gene regulatory hypothesis' was fi rst presented by this author in the All India Congress of Cytology and Genetics held in 1993 at Berhampur University, Orissa, the proceedings of which was published in 1995, [7] and later, in a slightly modified form in a British Medical Journal in 1997, [8] mainly based on our fi ndings on anti-radiation effi cacy of some potentised homoeopathic drugs. Subsequently, Arnica montana 30C also appeared to protect sonication-induced cytogenetical damages in mice; however, when actinomycin D, a transcription blocker, was used alongside the homoeopathic drug in mice, the ameliorating effects of the homoeopathic drug were apparently absent. ...
Homoeopathy has been confronted with certain major issues such as (i) how is medicinal property of homoeopathic drug transferred to and retained by the vehicle; (ii) how can it act in biological system in the absence of any original drug substance in ultra high diluted remedies? and (iii) plausible mechanism and pathways of biological action including mysteries of 'like cured by likes'. We demonstrated
through controlled studies the ability of ultra-highly diluted homoeopathic drugs in rendering protection/repair of cytogenetic damages infl icted by whole-body X-irradiation in mammalian model mice in vivo. We examined cytogenetic damages in arsenic, cadmium, mercury and stannum intoxicated mice and their remediation by homoeopathic drugs derived from agitated ultra-high dilutions oftheir respective salt, deploying many scientifi c
protocols. We made a human trial on effi cacy of Arsenicum album against groundwater arsenic-contaminated victims. We tested effi cacy of some homoeopathic remedies in cancer of mice and thalassemia in human. We
produced nano-capsules of homoeopathic mother tinctures and their bioactive components and induced nano-precipitation of silver from silver nitrate by homoeopathic mother tinctures and characterised them for their physicochemical properties and biological action. We studied tissue distribution of nanoparticles, precise mechanism and pathways of their action that involved certain signal proteins and their
pathways, both in vivo and in vitro. This approach made a signifi cant contribution towards elucidating the role of drug nanoparticles in inducing ‘memory of water’ and mechanism and pathways of action of homoeopathic remedies through epigenetic modifi cations that supported ‘gene regulatory hypothesis’.
... At the present state of our knowledge, the mechanism of action of homeopathic medicines is extremely difficult to comprehend without the help of a suitable working hypothesis. On the basis of all the evidence available, the gene regulatory hypothesis originally proposed by Khuda-Bukhsh [70] offers an acceptable logical explanation of the molecular mechanism involved in the biological action of diluted homeopathic remedies in living organisms-whether plants or animals [71]. In experiments conducted in microbiological models ultradiluted Arsenicum 30c or Arnica m. 30c modified the expression of specific genes that are the targets of arsenite and UV irradiation injury, respectively [72][73][74]. ...
Arnica montana (Arnica m.) is used for its purported anti-inflammatory and tissue healing actions after trauma, bruises, or tissue injuries, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. This work tested Arnica m. effects on gene expression using an in vitro model of macrophages polarized towards a "wound-healing" phenotype. The monocyte-macrophage human THP-1 cell line was cultured and differentiated with phorbol-myristate acetate and Interleukin-4, then exposed for 24h to Arnica m. centesimal (c) dilutions 2c, 3c, 5c, 9c, 15c or Control. Total RNA was isolated and cDNA libraries were sequenced with a NextSeq500 sequencer. Genes with significantly positive (up-regulated) or negative (down-regulated) fold changes were defined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 20 DEGs were identified in Arnica m. 2c treated cells. Of these, 7 genes were up-regulated and 13 were down-regulated. The most significantly up-regulated function concerned 4 genes with a conserved site of epidermal growth factor-like region (p
... Homeogenomic studies began in 1997 by one of us when it was postulated that homeopathic remedies would promote their beneficial effects by interacting with the genome and re-arranging the ex pres sion of relevant genes (Khuda-Bukhsh, 1997). Since that time, the results of many molecular biological investigations have confirmed this postulate; for review, see Khuda-Bukhsh, 2014. ...
In recent times, important molecular biological discoveries have enabled
the work of the great Dr Samuel Hahnemann to be advanced. The
results of these innovative research efforts, some of which are described
below, offer new ways for homeopathy to provide the community with
further health support and disease resolution.
... In this context it may be noted that in respect of mechanism of action Khuda-Bukhsh AR and his team proposed 'gene regulatory hypothesis' in [55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. In some other experiments they got the evidence of 'modulation of signal proteins' [62]. ...
Background: The first requirement of this concept paper is proper understanding
of homoeopathy, which throws a tough challenge before science. How do high
potency (beyond 12c) homoeo-medicines, which are devoid of original medicinal
substances, differ from one another and how such medicines cure diseases- these
two mysteries of homoeopathy are yet to be solved to the satisfaction of scientists
in general. Many investigators are seriously trying to solve these two-century-old
mysteries.
Method: This paper examines the works which are logically consistent and
promising in nature. In this process it does not consider the works which try to
explain the homoeo- mysteries in terms of presence of starting material in some
form or other. It also examines the mechanism of action of main stream medicines.
Result: Analysis of various works on homoeopathy fulfilling the above criteria
suggests that structures of water or chemicals can serve as medicines. Further,
finding a strong parallelism between mechanisms of action of homoeopathy and
main stream medicines this article arrives at the structural model as a generalized
concept of medicines stated as: A substance is to be recognized as a medicine if
it has the capability of curing disease(s) while its medicinal property is to be
attributed to molecular structure of vehicle like water or of distinct chemical
substance when it exists.
Conclusion: The structural model of medicines seems to have a general validity
for all kinds of medicines - homoeopathy and non-homoeopathy.
Keywords: Two mysteries of homoeopathy; Structural model; Generalized
concept; Non-homoeopathy; Clathrate model; Quantum electro dynamic;
Coherent domains; Iteratively nafionated water; Mysteries; Living bodies;
Pseudo-scientists; Serial dilution; Logical necessity; Foreign molecules
... The ability of this ultra-highly diluted drug to have positive influence on these two enzymes is therefore very significant findings, and not reported by any earlier worker. This finding also gives credence to the gene-regulatory hypothesis proposed by Khuda-Bukhsh [9,10] to explain molecular mechanism of biological action of potentized homeopathic drugs, particularly those diluted above Avogadro's limit. ...
Objective:
Homeopathic nosodes have seldom been scientifically validated for their anticancer effects. This study was conducted to examine if a recently developed hepatitis C nosode has demonstrable anticancer potential in cancer cells in vitro.
Methods:
Anticancer effects of Hepatitis C 30C (Hep C 30), if any, were initially tested on three cancer cell lines, HepG2 (liver cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and A549 (lung cancer) and one normal liver cell line WRL-68 cells and subsequently a more thorough study using further scientific protocols was undertaken on HepG2 cells (against WRL-68 cells as the normal control) as HepG2 cells showed better anticancer response than the other two. Three doses, one at 50% lethal dose (LD50) and the other two below LD50, were used on HepG2 cells subsequently. Protocols like apoptosis induction and its possible signaling mechanism were deployed using immunoblots of relevant signal proteins and confocal microscopy, with particular reference to telomerase and topoisomerase II (Top II) activities, two strong cancer biomarkers for their direct relationship with divisional activities of cells and DNAs.
Results:
Hep C 30 induced apoptosis, caused distorted cell morphology typical of apoptotic cells, increased reactive oxygen species generation and produced increased DNA nicks. Further it enhanced pro-apototic signal proteins like Bax, cytochrome c and inhibited anti-apoptotic signal proteins, Bcl-2, cytochrome c and caspase-3, changed mitochondrial membrane potential and caused externalization of phosphatidylserine. The drug also decreased expression of two cancer biomarkers, Top II and telomerase, consistent with its anticancer effect.
Conclusion:
Hep C 30 has demonstrable anticancer effects against liver cancer cells in vitro.
... Several studies show the potential of homoeopathic medicine to regulate gene-expression in animal and plant models. [8,9] It seems the present treatment protocol is also acting in the same fashion by regulating the gene responsible for predisposing corn formation. More detailed study both clinical and laboratorical is needed to ascertain the role of genetic similimum in treating incurable diseases. ...
Heloma durums also known as corns are areas of hard, thickened skin which commonly occur on the feet, and can cause pain, discomfort, and they also tend to reoccur. Two cases of plantar heloma durums illustrated here were treated with same medicines with similar genetic make-up, that is, father and daughter. Father received the medicine after case taking whereas 15 years later, the daughter received homoeopathic treatment given to the father. Both tried other modes of treatment including invasive procedure before being successfully cured in a short span of time with homoeopathic treatment protocol. Here, the same treatment cured both father and daughter, which indicates that the same homoeopathic medicine is effective, in similar genetic make-up for a given disease (genetic similimum). Several studies show the potential of homoeopathic medicine to regulate gene-expression in animal and plant models. It seems that the present treatment is also acting in the same fashion by regulating the gene responsible for predisposing corn formation.
... Several recent studies also document the ability of highly diluted compounds to modulate gene expression in human/animal cells and unicellular organisms (Bellavite et al. 2015), confirming early findings and general hypotheses put forward by others (Khuda-Bukhsh 1997). In experiments conducted in microbiological models, ultradiluted Arsenicum album 30C or Arnica montana 30C modified the expression of specific genes that are the targets of arsenite and UV irradiation injury, respectively. ...
While drugs at low dilutions work at molecular level exploiting high sensitivity of biological systems and amplification pathways, drugs at high dilutions require new models and new approaches. A major question is how these medicines may work in the body. The possible answers concern the identification of biological targets, the means of drug-receptor interactions, the mechanisms of signal transmission and amplification, and the models of inversion of effects according to the traditional " simile " rule. Laboratory models developed in our laboratory (mice and in vitro basophils, neurocytes, macrophages) to test homeopathic 2 drugs are currently used to explore and develop these topics and partially confirm traditional homeopathic ideas and findings. Despite the major puzzling claims of homeopathy are far from to be clarified, there are several plausible hypotheses of the nature and action mechanism of homeopathic drugs, and some experimental evidence confirms their effects in rigorous laboratory models.
... They also offer a new hypothesis that the mechanism of the homeopathic dilution could act through regulation of expression of certain genes. This explanation seems to be plausible because all biomarker tests are regulated by specific genetic regulatory mechanisms [6]. ...
Background: Groundwater arsenic affects millions of people in about 20 countries. In West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh alone over 100 million people are exposed. The arsenic concentration in contaminated groundwater in Bangladesh was above the maximum permissible level of 0.05 mg/l as recommended by WHO for developing countries [1]. Drinking water is not the only source of poisoning. In arsenic contaminated areas, crops, vegetables, cereals, poultry, cattle, etc, also contain traces of arsenic. Chronic arsenic intoxication has been associated with several diseases such as melanosis, leuco-melanosis, hyperkeratosis, oedema, skin cancer…
Cazin et al [2], have demonstrated the effect of high dilutions of arsenic compounds. They noted increased arsenic elimination from blood through urine and faeces in intoxicated rats. According to these research, the aim of Khuda Buksh studies [3-4-5] was to investigate whether high dilution Arsenicum album have any effect on arsenic accumulation in different tissues and to understand also how this high dilution could produce a protective effect on all the different organs.
Methodology: Firstly, the effect of Arsenicum album 30 cH on the amount of arsenic accumulation was determined by spectrophotometric analysis in four tissues namely liver, kidney and testis in mice intoxicated by arsenic. The protective effect in chronic and acute arsenic intoxicated mice of Arsenicum Album 6cH, 30cH and 200cH has been evaluated using not only the activities of enzymatic and biomarker toxicity (aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (AcP), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH)) but also the cytogenetical parameters (chromosome aberrations (CA), mitotic index (MI), sperm head anomaly (SHA) etc., ). Because, it is well demonstrated that these enzymes biomarkers reflect the degree of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by arsenic intoxication.
Results: Compared to controls, Arsenicum album 30cH induced a significant decrease in accumulation of arsenic in 4 tissues namely liver, spleen, kidney and testis in intoxicated mice. In addition, both Arsenicum album 6cH, 30cH and 200cH reduced chromosome aberrations, sperm head abnormality frequencies and activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and lipid peroxidation, while mitotic index and activities of glutathione, catalase and succinate dehydrogenase were increased compared to controls.
Conclusion: Altogether, theses results provide evidence of protective potentials of the Arsenicum album dilution against acute and chronic arsenic intoxication in mice. They also offer a new hypothesis that the mechanism of the homeopathic dilution could act through regulation of expression of certain genes. This explanation seems to be plausible because all biomarker tests are regulated by specific genetic regulatory mechanisms [6].
keywords: Arsenicum album, arsenic intoxication, enzymatic and biomarker toxicity.
References:
[1] WHO. WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Vol. 2, 2nd edition. Geneva: WHO, 1996, 940–9.
[2] Cazin JC, Cazin M, Gaborit JL, Chaoui A, Boiron J, Belon P, et al. A study of the effect of decimal and centesimal dilutions of arsenic on the retention and mobilization of arsenic in the rat. Hum Toxicol 1987;6:315–20.
[3] Mitra K, Kundu SN, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Efficacy of a potentized homoeopathic drug (Arsenicum Album-30) in reducing toxic effects produced by of arsenic trioxide in mice. I. On rate accumulation of arsenic in certain vital organs. Comp Ther Med 1998;6:178–84.
[4] Pathikrit Banerjee. Evidences of Protective Potentials of Microdoses of Ultra-high Diluted Arsenic Trioxide in Mice Receiving Repeated Injections of Arsenic Trioxide. eCAM 2009; 1-10.
[5] Pathikrit Banerjee, Comparative Efficacy of Two Microdoses of a Potentized Homeopathic Drug, Arsenicum Album, to Ameliorate Toxicity Induced by Repeated Sublethal Injections of Arsenic Trioxide in Mice. Pathobiology 2008;75:156–170.
[6]/ Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Potentized homeopathic drugs act through regulation of gene expression: a hypothesis to explain their mechanism and pathways of action in vivo. Comp Ther Med 1997;5:43–6
Background Menopause is a physiological event that marks the end of a woman's reproductive stage in life. Vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood are among its most important effects. Homeopathy has been used for many years in treating menopausal complaints, though clinical and pre-clinical research in this field is limited. Homeopathy often bases its prescription on neuropsychiatric symptoms, but it is unknown if homeopathic medicines (HMs) exert a neuroendocrine effect that causes an improvement in vasomotor symptoms and mood during menopause.
Objectives The study's objectives were to address the pathophysiological changes of menopause that could help in the understanding of the possible effect of HMs at a neuroendocrine level, to review the current evidence for two of the most frequently prescribed HMs for menopause (Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis), and to discuss the future directions of research in this field.
Methods An extensive literature search for the pathophysiologic events of menopause and depression, as well as for the current evidence for HMs in menopause and depression, was performed.
Results Neuroendocrine changes are involved in the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood during menopause. Gonadal hormones modulate neurotransmitter systems. Both play a role in mood disorders and temperature regulation. It has been demonstrated that Gelsemium sempervirens, Ignatia amara and Chamomilla matricaria exert anxiolytic effects in rodent models. Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis are frequently prescribed for important neuropsychiatric and vasomotor symptoms. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in mood, is among the constituents of the ink of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis.
Conclusion Based on all the pathophysiologic events of menopause and the improvement in menopausal complaints that certain HMs show in daily practice, these medicines might have a direct or indirect neuroendocrine effect in the body, possibly triggered via an as-yet unidentified biological mechanism. Many unanswered questions in this field require further pre-clinical and clinical research.
La Homeopatía de México | Evidencias Científicas de la Homeopatía | Edición Especial de Aniversario (90 años) | 2023 || EDITORIAL: Para aquellos que demandan evidencias científicas de la Homeopatía. Marcus Zulian Teixeira. | ARTÍCULOS: Homeopatía: una breve descripción de esta especialidad médica. Marcelo Pustiglione, Eduardo Goldenstein, Y. Moisés Checinski. | Formación médica en la terapéutica no convencional en el mundo (Homeopatía y acupuntura). Marcus Zulian Teixeira. | Bases científicas del principio de curación homeopática en la farmacología moderna. Marcus Zulian Teixeira. | La solidez de la investigación homeopática fundamental. Leoni Villano Bonamin. | Efectos de las diluciones homeopáticas altas sobre los modelos in vitro: revisión de la literatura. Silvia Waisse. | Efectos de las diluciones homeopáticas altas sobre las plantas: revisión de la literatura. Marcus Zulian Teixeira, Solange M.T.P.G. Carneiro. | Investigación clínica en Homeopatía: revisiones sistemáticas y estudios clínicos aleatorizados. Silvia Waisse. | Estrógeno potenciado en el tratamiento homeopático del dolor pélvico asociado a endometriosis: Un estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo, de 24 semanas. Marcus Zulian Teixeira, Sérgio Podgaec, Edmund Chada Baracat. | Estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego, sobre la eficacia del tratamiento homeopático en niños con amigdalitis recurrente. Sérgio E. Furuta, Luc L. M. Weckx, Cláudia R. Figueiredo. | ¿Los medicamentos homeopáticos provocan agravación o efectos adversos dependientes de los fármacos? Flávio Dantas. | ¿Los medicamentos homeopáticos inducen síntomas en voluntarios aparentemente sanos? Contribución brasileña al debate sobre los estudios patogénicos homeopáticos. Flávio Dantas. |
La Homeopatía de México | Evidencias Científicas de la Homeopatía | Edición Especial de Aniversario (90 años) | 2023 ||
EDITORIAL:
Para aquellos que demandan evidencias científicas de la Homeopatía.
Marcus Zulian Teixeira. |
ARTÍCULOS:
Homeopatía: una breve descripción de esta especialidad médica.
Marcelo Pustiglione, Eduardo Goldenstein, Y. Moisés Checinski. |
Formación médica en la terapéutica no convencional en el mundo (Homeopatía y acupuntura).
Marcus Zulian Teixeira. |
Bases científicas del principio de curación homeopática en la farmacología moderna.
Marcus Zulian Teixeira. |
La solidez de la investigación homeopática fundamental.
Leoni Villano Bonamin. |
Efectos de las diluciones homeopáticas altas sobre los modelos in vitro: revisión de la literatura.
Silvia Waisse. |
Efectos de las diluciones homeopáticas altas sobre las plantas: revisión de la literatura.
Marcus Zulian Teixeira, Solange M.T.P.G. Carneiro. |
Investigación clínica en Homeopatía: revisiones sistemáticas y estudios clínicos aleatorizados.
Silvia Waisse. |
Estrógeno potenciado en el tratamiento homeopático del dolor pélvico asociado a endometriosis: Un estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo, de 24 semanas.
Marcus Zulian Teixeira, Sérgio Podgaec, Edmund Chada Baracat. |
Estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego, sobre la eficacia del tratamiento homeopático en niños con amigdalitis recurrente.
Sérgio E. Furuta, Luc L. M. Weckx, Cláudia R. Figueiredo. |
¿Los medicamentos homeopáticos provocan agravación o efectos adversos dependientes de los fármacos?
Flávio Dantas. |
¿Los medicamentos homeopáticos inducen síntomas en voluntarios aparentemente sanos? Contribución brasileña al debate sobre los estudios patogénicos homeopáticos.
Flávio Dantas. |
Background The healing effects of homeopathic ultra-high potencies (UHPs) have always been a puzzle for material science, though recent research papers have now characterised the nanomaterial nature of several such UHPs. This study aimed to analyse the material content of clinically used potencies of the homeopathic medicine Platina (platinum) compared with alcohol control samples.
Methods Potencies of Platina were analysed under dynamic light scattering (DLS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) to identify the nanomaterial content. As control samples, both unsuccussed and potencies of alcohol were analysed by using DLS and HRTEM.
Results Platina 30c to CM: Nanoparticles were identified under DLS (mean particle size varying from 1.3 nm in 30c to 6.5 nm in CM) and HRTEM (particle size varying from 3.31 to 12.7 nm in 30c to 1.94 to 8.54 nm in CM). EDS confirmed the presence of platinum in all the samples of Platina. SAED analysis of Platina 30c, 200c, 1M and 10M confirmed also the presence of platinum dioxide (PtO2). For control samples, DLS and the HRTEM analyses of pharmaceutical grade unsuccussed alcohol and potentized Alcohol (6c, 12c and 30c) did not show any particles.
Conclusion Homeopathic potentization generated NPs of platinum in ultra-dilutions. NPs in potencies of Platina showed platinum in EDS and PtO2 in SAED. Importantly, control samples of alcohol did not show the presence of particles under DLS or HRTEM.
Water not only plays a very important role in sustaining our lives through routine matters like drinking, cooking, washing, bathing, agricultural work, etc, but, when properly treated, may also play the role of healer or curative agent, though this is not explainable by conventional science. Electrical power can also be generated from water. This paper searches for the properties behind these aspects of water. The putative curative power of water seems to be manifested through its allotrope-like (allo-trope means "different physical forms having the same chemical composition") forms left induced by solutes in aqueous dilutions followed by succussion. Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) is adopted here as a tool for explaining these puzzling phenomena. In the process, an amazing specialty of water-electric power generation from it, seemingly with great technological promise-is also explained. Experimental investigations conducted by a number of researchers support the outcomes. This article will be relevant to medicine, biology, and electric power generation.
The continuous rise in cancer incidence places a massive burden on the health sector to increase efforts in the fight against cancer. As a holistic complementary medicine modality, homeopathy has the potential to assist in the supportive and palliative treatment of cancer patients. Recent empirical studies demonstrate the presence of silica and original source nanoparticles in ultra-high dilutions of several homeopathic medicines. Recent studies have also demonstrated the efficacy of phototherapy in inducing the ablation of cancer cells through laser-activated nanoparticle photosensitizers. A new hypothetical research model is presented herein, in an attempt to investigate and compare the phototherapeutic effects of homeopathic source nanoparticles with photosensitizing nanoparticle agents that have previously been tested.
Objectives: To examine if HIV nosode in 30c dilution (HIV 30c) has therapeutic potential against lung cancer cells (A549) as compared to WRL-68 normal cells and to elucidate its possible molecular mechanism of action on DNA replication and apoptosis. Methods: Effects of HIV 30c were thoroughly tested for its possible anticancer potential on A549 cells (lung cancer); WRL-68 normal liver cells served as control. Three doses, one at LD50 and two below LD-50, were used. Proliferation, migration and senescence assays were made and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) studied by routine techniques. The ability of HIV 30c to induce apoptosis in A549 cells and its possible signalling pathway were determined using immunoblots of relevant signal proteins and confocal microscopy, including studies on telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and topo-isomerase II (Top II) activities, intimately associated with cell division and DNA replica-tion. Results: HIV 30c prevented cancer cell proliferation and migration, induced premature senescence, enhanced pro-apoptotic signal proteins like p53, bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and inhibited anti-apoptotic signal proteins Bcl2, TERT and Top II, changed mitochondrial membrane potential and caused externalization of phosphatidyl serine. Thus, it induced apoptosis as also evidenced from increase in cells with distorted membrane morphology, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and ROS, typical of apoptosis in progress. Conclusion: HIV 30c nosode has therapeutic potential for inducing cytotoxic effects on A549 cells as manifested by changes in nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, ROS generation and MMP, and for its inhibitory action on cell proliferation, cell migration, expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase and Top II genes, and increasing expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Homeopathy (2017)-, 1e11.
The contentious debate between homeopathy and orthodox medicine has been due to the fact that homeopathy is founded on a heuristic philosophy that is not justified by contemporary scientific evidence. In this context, however, two pillars of the method, that is, serial dilution and succussion, are poorly understood in orthodox pharmacology. The experimental data collected in the last 10 years, by means of electronic microscopy, electron diffraction and DNA arrays investigations, are consistent with the presence of nanoparticles (nanoassociates) in homeopathic medicines and seem to provide a coherent view of the essence of the homeopathy discipline, superseding all previous speculative interpretations. An acceptance of this new evidence is here suggested to remove, in principle, the barrier that separates the conventional and homeopathic therapeutic methods, and to offer new and important perspectives on future health care.
Venous thrombosis (VT) of deep vein is a life-threatening condition which may lead to sudden death as an immediate complication due to formation of thrombo-embolism. VT is associated with various risk factors such as prolonged immobilization, inflammation, and/or coagulation disorders including muscular or venous injury. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) frequently occurs in the lower limb. Successful treatment of DVT exclusively with homeopathic remedies has rarely been recorded in peer-reviewed journals. The present case report intends to record yet another case of DVT in an old patient totally cured exclusively by the non-invasive method of treatment with micro doses of potentized ho-meopathic drugs selected on the basis of the totality of symptoms and individualization of the case. Since this report is based on a single case of recovery, results of more such cases are warranted to strengthen the outcome of the present study.
Introduction: In homeopathic philosophy, vital force is a non-material substrate that
is responsible for maintaining the body’s sensations and functions and where homeopathic medicines act. In genetics, the body’s vital functions are controlled by
biochemical information, which is contained in the cell genome and consists of a
protein encoding portion (exome) and another that regulates this encoding scheme
(epigenome). Both the philosophical vital force and the genome present properties of
complex and dynamic self-organisation systems.
Aims: This study aimed to explore and develop a philosophical-scientific correlation
between vitalism and genetics according to the complexity paradigm.
Results: Vital principle and genome present inseparable composition among distinct
existing components that influence one another and form a network of connections
that create complex and dynamic self-organisation behaviour. Described in both
models, ‘vortex’ indicates the existence of a force coming from within the system
that is externalised as an emergent, information-transmitting phenomenon. Supporting
this correlation, some experimental studies show that homeopathic medicines act
on the genome by modulating gene expression.
Conclusions: In line with the similarity of existing characteristics and properties, the
genome may be considered as hypothetical biological substrate of organic vital force.
Objectives
To examine if HIV nosode in 30c dilution (HIV 30c) has therapeutic potential against lung cancer cells (A549) as compared to WRL-68 normal cells and to elucidate its possible molecular mechanism of action on DNA replication and apoptosis.
Methods
Effects of HIV 30c were thoroughly tested for its possible anticancer potential on A549 cells (lung cancer); WRL-68 normal liver cells served as control. Three doses, one at LD50 and two below LD-50, were used. Proliferation, migration and senescence assays were made and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) studied by routine techniques. The ability of HIV 30c to induce apoptosis in A549 cells and its possible signalling pathway were determined using immunoblots of relevant signal proteins and confocal microscopy, including studies on telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and topoisomerase II (Top II) activities, intimately associated with cell division and DNA replication.
Results
HIV 30c prevented cancer cell proliferation and migration, induced pre-mature senescence, enhanced pro-apoptotic signal proteins like p53, bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and inhibited anti-apoptotic signal proteins Bcl2, TERT and Top II, changed mitochondrial membrane potential and caused externalization of phosphatidyl serine. Thus, it induced apoptosis as also evidenced from increase in cells with distorted membrane morphology, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and ROS, typical of apoptosis in progress.
Conclusion
HIV 30c nosode has therapeutic potential for inducing cytotoxic effects on A549 cells as manifested by changes in nuclear condensation, DNA
In July 2017, to demystify the fallacy – or post-truth – asserting “there are no scientific evidence for homeopathy”, the Technical Chamber for Homeopathy, Regional Medical Council of the State of São Paulo (CREMESP, Brazil) published the Special Dossier “Evidências Científicas em Homeopatia”, available online in the scientific journal of the São Paulo Homeopathic Medical Association (APH), Revista de Homeopatia.
After this publication, in view of the request of homeopathic doctors and institutions from other countries, the Technical Chamber for Homeopathy, CREMESP, produced an edition of the dossier in English, “Scientific Evidence for Homeopathy”, which has just been made available online in the Revista de Homeopatia.
Encompassing 9 revisions (and 2 randomized clinical trials) on several lines of homeopathic research, containing hundreds of scientific articles published in various journals, this dossier highlights to the scientific and medical class, as well as to the general public, the state of the art of homeopathic research:
Despite the ongoing difficulties and limitations opposing the development of research in homeopathy – partly due to methodological aspects, and partly to lack of institutional and financial support – the experimental and clinical studies described in this dossier, which ground the homeopathic assumptions and confirm the efficacy and safety of this approach to therapeutics – provide unquestionable proof for the “availability of scientific evidence for homeopathy”, against the false and prejudiced opinion that is widely divulgated.
With the divulgation of the present dossier, prepared with the support of Technical Chamber for Homeopathy, CREMESP, we hope to dispel doubts and sensitize our colleagues as to the validity and relevance of homeopathy as adjuvant treatment complementary to all other medical specialties according to ethical and safe principles. Our overall goals are to broaden the understanding of human disease, increase the therapeutic resources, contribute to the definition and effectiveness of medicine in chronic diseases, minimize the adverse effects of modern drugs and strengthen the patient-doctor relationship, among other aspects. In this way, we will be able to work together, since “The physician’s high and only mission is to restore the sick to health, to cure, as it is termed (Samuel Hahnemann, Organon of medicine, § 1).
Para desmitificar a falácia ou pós-verdade de que “não existem evidências científicas em homeopatia”, disseminada indistintamente em todos os meios, a Câmara Técnica de Homeopatia do Conselho Regional de Medicina do Estado de São Paulo (CREMESP) elaborou o Dossiê Especial “Evidências Científicas em Homeopatia”, que acaba de ser disponibilizado online na Revista de Homeopatia da Associação Paulista de Homeopatia (APH).
Englobando 9 revisões (e 2 RCT) sobre diversas linhas de pesquisa existentes nos mais variados campos da ciência, as quais comportam centenas de artigos científicos publicados em periódicos distintos, esse dossiê evidencia à classe médica e científica, assim como ao público em geral, o estado da arte da pesquisa homeopática.
Apesar das dificuldades e limitações existentes para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área, tanto pelos aspectos metodológicos quanto pela ausência de apoio institucional e financeiro, o conjunto de estudos experimentais e clínicos citados, que fundamentam os pressupostos homeopáticos e confirmam a eficácia e a segurança da terapêutica, é prova inconteste de que “existem evidências científicas em homeopatia”, ao contrário do preconceito falsamente disseminado.
Com a elaboração e a divulgação desse dossiê, sob os auspícios da Câmara Técnica de Homeopatia do CREMESP, esperamos esclarecer e sensibilizar os colegas de profissão sobre a validade e a importância do emprego da homeopatia como prática médica adjuvante e complementar às demais especialidades, segundo princípios éticos e seguros, a fim de se ampliar o entendimento do processo de adoecimento humano e o arsenal terapêutico, incrementar o ato médico e sua resolutividade nas doenças crônicas, minimizar os efeitos adversos dos fármacos modernos e fortalecer a relação médico-paciente, dentre outros aspectos. Dessa forma, poderemos trabalhar unidos em torno da “mais elevada e única missão do médico que é tornar saudáveis as pessoas doentes, o que se chama curar” (Samuel Hahnemann, Organon da arte de curar, § 1).
Comparative efficacy of combinational homeopathic therapy has been examined in
mice by administering a homeopathic drug, Lycopodium 30 (Lyco 30) on a regular
basis and a nosode Cholesterinum 200 (Chol 200) intermittently in one set and
Lycopodium 200 (Lyco 200) and Chol 200 in another set. While potentized
Lycopodium is routinely used in treating various liver ailments, use of Chol 200 is
also advocated in dealing with stubborn cases, particularly in cases of suspected
cancer. The present experiment was designed to induce liver tumor in mice by
feeding them two carcinogens, namely, pdimethyl
amino azo benzene and
phenobarbital for varying periods of time viz. 7, 15 , 30 , 60 , 90 and 120 days. Liver
tumors develop at 60 days onward, some of which turn cancerous later. This serves
as a model to test efficacy of drugs against cancer. Cytogenetical endpoints like
chromosome aberration, micronucleus, mitotic index and sperm head anomaly and
hepatotoxicity biomarkers like acid and alkaline phosphatases, alanine and aspartate
amino transferases, lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione were tested. Results
indicated that Chol 200 fed intermittently either with Lyco 30 or Lyco 200 produced
additional benefits, the latter combination showing marginally better results,
validating its use.
When human polymorphonuclear basophils, a type of white blood cell with antibodies of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) type on its surface, are exposed to anti-IgE antibodies, they release histamine from their intracellular granules and change their staining properties. The latter can be demonstrated at dilutions of anti-IgE that range from 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(120); over that range, there are successive peaks of degranulation from 40 to 60% of the basophils, despite the calculated absence of any anti-IgE molecules at the highest dilutions. Since dilutions need to be accompanied by vigorous shaking for the effects to be observed, transmission of the biological information could be related to the molecular organization of water.
When human polymorphonuclear basophils, a type of white blood cell with antibodies of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) type on its surface, are exposed to anti-IgE antibodies, they release histamine from their intracellular granules and change their staining properties. The latter can be demonstrated at dilutions of anti-IgE that range from 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(120); over that range, there are successive peaks of degranulation from 40 to 60% of the basophils, despite the calculated absence of any anti-IgE molecules at the highest dilutions. Since dilutions need to be accompanied by vigorous shaking for the effects to be observed, transmission of the biological information could be related to the molecular organization of water
The antiviral effect of homœopathic drugs against two animal viruses, Chicken Embryo Virus (CEV) of fowls and Simliki Forest Virus (SFV), causing encephalitis and death in mice were investigated. In all 10 drugs in 33 potencies were tested against CEV and 8 drugs in 26 potencies showed varying degree of virus inhibition. The drugs that caused 100% inhibition of CEV were Typhoidinum 200, Hydrophobinum 1000, Tuberculinum 1000, Nux vomica 200, and Malandrinum 1000. Of the drugs tested in 11 potencies against SFV, none were found effective in either preventing disease or death of mice infected with this virus.
Effect of 1–200 potencies of ten homoeopathic drugs on the spore germination ofPestalotia mangiferae, the causal organism of banana fruit rot, was studied. On the basis of results of in vivo studies with inhibitory doses of drugs, Lycopodium clavatum potency 190 has been recommended for the control of the disease.
When human polymorphonuclear basophils, a type of white blood cell with antibodies of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) type on its surface, are exposed to anti-IgE antibodies, they release histamine from their intracellular granules and change their staining properties. The latter can be demonstrated at dilutions of anti-IgE that range from 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(120); over that range, there are successive peaks of degranulation from 40 to 60% of the basophils, despite the calculated absence of any anti-IgE molecules at the highest dilutions. Since dilutions need to be accompanied by vigorous shaking for the effects to be observed, transmission of the biological information could be related to the molecular organization of water.
1. The effect of high dilutions of two homeopathic drugs Lung histamine (Lung his) and Apis mellifica (Apis mel) used for the treatment of allergic diseases has been assessed on in vitro human basophil degranulation. Experiments were conducted blind. 2. Basophil degranulation induced by 1.66 X 10(-9) M anti-IgE antibody was significantly inhibited in the presence of 5 Lung his (5th centesimal dilution of Lung his) and 15 Lung his (15th centesimal dilution of Lung his) by 28.8% and 28.6% respectively and by 65.8% in the presence of 9 Apis mel (9th centesimal dilution of Apis mel). Basophil degranulation induced by 1.66 X 10(-16) to 1.66 X 10(-18) M anti-IgE antibody was also inhibited by high dilutions of Lung his and Apis mel with an inhibition of nearly 100% with 18 Lung his (18th centesimal dilution of Lung his) and 10 Apis mel (10th centesimal dilution of Apis mel). An alternance of inhibition, inactivity and stimulation was observed when basophils were incubated in the presence of serial dilutions of Lung his and Apis mel. 3. The investigation of the clinical efficacy of high dilutions of Lung his and Apis mel should be envisaged in allergic diseases in parallel with in vitro and ex vivo biological assays.
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In this paper, it is argued that a homœopathic potency is an arrangement, in a certain order, of electric dipolar molecules of the solvent, induced by the drug during the process of dynamization. (Note that the solvents used in the preparation of homœopathic potencies, viz. water, alcohol and sugar of milk, all have molecules which exhibit electrical dipole moments.) The nature and extent of this arrangement of dipoles depends on the starting drug (Mother Tincture) and the degree of dilution. As a consequence of this hypothesis the dielectric constant and surface tension of the homœopathic potency are expected to be different from those of the solvent. The surface tension of potencies of Natrum muriaticum (NaCl) up to the 30th prepared in 91 per cent. alcohol were measured and were found to vary from one potency to another, thus lending support to the hypothesis.
A comparative study of Pulsatilla (a homœopathic medicine) and leutocyclin was undertaken in female albino rats showing regular oestrus cycles. Pulsatilla in the 30th and 200th potencies was administered orally, and leutocyclin was injected in doses of 0·125 mg and 1·25 mg. 0·25 ml/dose of 90 per cent. alcohol was used as the vehicle.
Pulsatilla 30 and 200 and leutocyclin at a dose of 1·25 mg markedly reduced the weight of the ovary. The higher dose of leutocyclin (1·25 mg) and both the attenuations of Pulsatilla increased the process of atresia in ovarian follicles. But a simultaneous decrease in the number and diameters of the corpora lutea was observed.
Administration of Pulsatilla and leutocyclin resulted in reduction in the weight of the uterus and the height of the endometrium and luminal epithelium. There was also a reduction in the height of epithelial cells in the thyroid. Both Pulsatilla and leutocyclin enhanced mitotic division in the uterine stroma.
The results indicate that leutocyclin in doses of between 0·125 mg and 1·25 mg may be used to produce similar changes in the ovary, uterus and thyroid of the rat as Pulsatilla 30 and 200.
Twelve medicinal agents and chemicals were assessed for microdose effects on the enzymes urease, diastase and trypsin. Silver nitrate and mercuric chloride had a slight effect on urease; mercuric chloride, sulphur and after them calcium chloride had marked effect on diastase, microdoses of Iris, phosphoric acid and arsenic on trypsin. Gold chloride had only a slight effect on diastase. The remaining preparations—benzoic acid, platinum chloride and insulin—had no effect.
An investigation was made to determine the effect of dynamized dilutions of iodine on starch, and the pH of phosphoric acid dilutions by electrometric methods.
It has been empirically shown that colorimetry provides the most sensitive method for assessing microdose effects (dilutions up to 10−100).
A few drugs affecting the dopaminergic system were tested for cataleptic effects in mice, and compared with an orally administered plant extract, Agaricus Muscarius 30. Haloperidol, Agaricus, and a low dose of apomorphine (0.3 mg/kg) were cataleptic. Paralleling previously reported results with haloperidol, the Agaricus catalepsy was potentiated by the mixed agonist, apomorphine (5 mg/kg), and by the selective D2 agonist, bromocriptine (5 mg/kg) and was reversed by the D1 agonist, SKF 38393. Naloxone also reversed Agaricus catalepsy, suggesting an involvement of opiate as well as dopaminergic mechanisms. All conditions that produced catalepsy also suppressed spontaneous locomotion, except for Agaricus 30 given alone. These experiments also compared cataleptic drugs by the published "pinch" method that involves repeated trials with a new single-trial method. Catalepsy was produced by the same drugs in both tests, but the single-trial method was more sensitive for disclosing the catalepsy induced by weaker cataleptogens.
Cell differentiation is based almost certainly on the regulation of gene activity, so that for each state of differentiation a certain set of genes is active in transcription and other genes are inactive. The establishment of this concept (1) has depended on evidence indicating that the cells of an organism generally contain identical genomes (2). Direct support for the idea that regulation of gene activity underlies cell differentiation comes from evidence that much of the genome in higher cell types is inactive (3) and that different ribonucleic acids (RNA) are synthesized in different cell types (4).
Research in homeopathy -a bibliography compiled and annotated by Dr. P. Fisher, 8th edn. The author, Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital
- P Fisher
Fisher P. Research in homeopathy -a bibliography compiled
and annotated by Dr. P. Fisher, 8th edn. The author, Royal
London Homoeopathic Hospital, 1991.
Transfer of immunological information by extreme dilutions of KLH
- Z Bentwich
Bentwich Z. Transfer of immunological information by
extreme dilutions of KLH. OMEOMED 1992: Abstract: 7.
X-ray induced chromosomal aberrations and their alterations by the oral administration of a homeopathic drug, Arnica montana, in mice
- A R Khuda-Bukhsh
- S Goswami
- A Barat
- G Sadhukhan
- A Mukherjee
Khuda-Bukhsh AR, Goswami S, Barat A, Sadhukhan G,
Mukherjee A. X-ray induced chromosomal aberrations and
their alterations by the oral administration of a homeopathic
drug, Arnica montana, in mice. Proceedings of a Seminar on
the Effect of Environmental Agents on Genetical Systems.
Calcutta, 18-20 Oct, 1982: Abstract: 2-3.
Prevention of stillbirth in pigs using homeopathy
- Day
Day CEI. Prevention of stillbirth in pigs using homeopathy.
Vet Rec 1984; 114: 216.
X-ray induced chromosomal aberrations and their alterations by the oral administrationof a homeopathic drug, X-ray 30, in the Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus
- Khuda-Bukhsh
Khuda-Bukhsh AR, Roy S, Sarma S. X-ray induced
chromosomal aberrations and their alterations by the oral
administration of a homeopathic drug, X-ray 30, in the Swiss
albino mice, Mus musculus. Proceedings of the 70th Indian
Science Congress, Pt 3, 1983: 16.
Physico-chemico study of homeopathic solutions
- G S Anagnostatos
- P Pissis
- K Vyas
Anagnostatos GS, Pissis P, Vyas K. Physico-chemico study of
homeopathic solutions. OMEOMED 1992: Abstract: 20.
A thermodynamic model of the organism conducive to homeopathy and a hypothesis on the wavelike behaviour of the homeopathic remedy
- A N Delenick
Delenick AN. A thermodynamic model of the organism
conducive to homeopathy and a hypothesis on the wavelike
behaviour of the homeopathic remedy. OMEOMED 1992:
Abstract: 11.
Effect of a potentized homeopathic drug, Nux Vomica, on alcoholic rats and their hypothalamic neurone
- A Paul
- Sinha Babu
- N C Sukul
- N P Kurzina
- A S Batuev
Paul A, Sinha Babu SR Sukul NC, Kurzina NP, Batuev AS.
Effect of a potentized homeopathic drug, Nux Vomica, on
alcoholic rats and their hypothalamic neurone. Proc.
Zoological Society, Calcutta 1992; 45:311-314.
Oral administration of potentized homoeopathic drug, Arnica montana, protects radiation-induced hair-loss and lesion on skin and chromosomal damage in bonemarrow cells of mice exposed to LD 50/30 dose of X-ray
- Banik
Banik S, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Oral administration of
potentized homeopathic drug, Arnica montana, protects
radiation-induced hair-loss and lesion on skin and
chromosomal damage in bonemarrow cells of mice exposed
to LD 50/30 dose of X-ray. Proceedings of the 78th Indian
Science Congress, Pt 3, 1991: 7-8.
Effect of two potentized homeopathic drugs on the hypothalamic neurons of rats on salt diet
- A Paul
- S P Sinha Babu
- N C Sukul
- N Kurzina
- A S Batuev
Paul A, Sinha Babu SP, Sukul NC, Kurzina N, Batuev AS.
Effect of two potentized homeopathic drugs on the
hypothalamic neurons of rats on salt diet'. Proc. Zoological
Society, Calcutta 1992; 45: 307-310.
Coherent dynamics in water
- Del Guidice
Del Guidice E. Coherent dynamics in Water. OMEOMED
1992: Abstract: 12.
Alterations of cytogenetical effects by oral administration of a homeopathic drug. Ruta Graveolens in mice exposed to sub-lethal X-irradiation
- A R Khuda-Bukhsh
- S Maity
Khuda-Bukhsh AR, Maity S. Alterations of cytogenetical
effects by oral administration of a homeopathic drug. Ruta
Graveolens in mice exposed to sub-lethal X-irradiation.
- R Fisher
- Cancer
- The Mithridates Effect
Fisher R Cancer and the Mithridates effect. OMEOMED
1992: Abstract: 5.
- E J Gardner
- D R Snudstad
Gardner EJ, Snudstad DR Principles of Genetics, New York:
Wiley, 1984.
- E Heintz
- Physikalische Wirkungen Hochverdunnter Potenzierter Substanzen
Heintz E. Physikalische Wirkungen hochverdunnter potenzierter
Substanzen. Die Naturwissenchaften 1941; 29:713-725.
Cytogenetical and haematological evaluations of the science of homeopathy as tested in experimental mice
- A R Khuda-Bukhsh
Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Cytogenetical and haematological
evaluations of the science of homeopathy as tested in
experimental mice. OMEOMED 1992: Abstract: 20-21.