Article

Redefining Scholarly Publishing as a Service Industry

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Abstract

The landscape of the scholarly publishing market has been largely defined by subscription-based publishing models that have existed since the earliest days of scholarly journal publishing. If there is a widespread shift from these subscription-based models to an open-access model based on publication charges, the fundamental nature of the scholarly publishing industry will transform from that of a content-providing industry to a service-providing industry. The benefits that this transformation will bring to the research community are in many ways as important as the benefits that an open access model will have in terms of increasing online access to scholarly literature.

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... En cualquier caso, éste u otros modelos que en un futuro no muy lejano se vislumbrarán en el paisaje de la industria editorial, conducen a la idea de que el cambio en el mundo de las publicaciones tiende a que las editoriales, cuyos ingresos se basan principalmente en el número de suscripciones, se transformen en empresas proveedoras de servicios y dejen de ser únicamente proveedoras de contenidos. Si esto directamente no beneficia al acceso abierto, al menos sí que forzará a que las empresas compitan entre ellas para ofrecer los mejores servicios al mejor precio (Peters, 2007). ...
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Existen ejemplos de revistas electrónica científicas de acceso abierto (open access, OA) desde la aparición de Internet, sin embargo con la Declaración de Budapest en la que se define el significado de OA y las revistas como una vía para alcanzarlo es cuando empieza a identificarse revistas de acceso abierto que ya lo eran, y a surgir otras con modelos inexistentes en la época de las revistas en versión impresa. En este trabajo se analiza cómo el movimiento OA ha repercutido sobre las vías de comunicación y acceso a la producción científica, y las consecuencias que ha tenido en la evolución del mercado editorial y los nuevos modelos de revistas basados no exclusivamente en el acceso por pago de suscripción. También se exponen resumidamente algunas de las tendencias en cuanto a la publicación electrónica, que desde el punto de vista de la comunidad científica tienen que ver con la creación de entornos colaborativos, el intercambio y la reutilización de datos, entre otras, y desde el punto de vista comercial por pasar de un modelo de proveedor de contenidos al de servicios, en el que la calidad y mejores precios hagan a las editoriales empresas más competitivas.
... En cualquier caso, éste u otros modelos que en un futuro no muy lejano se vislumbrarán en el paisaje de la industria editorial, conducen a la idea de que el cambio en el mundo de las publicaciones tiende a que las editoriales, cuyos ingresos se basan principalmente en el número de suscripciones, se transformen en empresas proveedoras de servicios y dejen de ser únicamente proveedoras de contenidos. Si esto directamente no beneficia al acceso abierto, al menos si que forzará a que las empresas compitan entre ellas para ofrecer los mejores servicios al mejor precio (Peters, 2007). ...
Article
Full-text available
Existen ejemplos de revistas electrónica científicas de acceso abierto (open access, OA) desde la aparición de Internet, sin embargo con la Declaración de Budapest en la que se define el significado de OA y las revistas como una vía para alcanzarlo es cuando empiezan a identificarse revistas de acceso abierto que ya lo eran y a surgir otras con modelos inexistentes en la época de las revistas en versión impresa. En este trabajo se analizan, primero cómo el movimiento OA ha repercutido sobre las vías de comunicación y acceso a la producción científica y las consecuencias que ha tenido en la evolución del mercado editorial y los nuevos modelos de revistas basados no exclusivamente en el acceso por pago de suscripción. También se exponen resumidamente algunas de las tendencias en cuanto a la publicación electrónica, que desde el punto de vista de la comunidad científica tienen que ver con la creación de entornos colaborativos, el intercambio y la reutilización de datos, entre otras y desde el punto de vista comercial por pasar de un modelo de proveedor de contenidos al de servicios, en el que la calidad y mejores precios hagan a las editoriales empresas más competitivas. | Open access (OA), electronic, scientific journals have existed since the start of the Internet. Nevertheless, since the Budapest Declaration—which defined the importance of open access and described journals as key to OA—existing open access journals have begun to be identified. In addition, other journals have emerged, which use models that did not exist in the time when only printed journals were available. This paper analyses how the open access movement has affected communication methods and access to scientific output. It also looks at the consequences that OA has had on the development of the publishing sector, and on new models of journals that are not exclusively based on subscriptions. In addition, we summarise some of the trends in electronic publication. From the perspective of the scientific community, these trends are linked to the creation of collaborative environments, data exchange and the reuse of data, among other factors. From a commercial perspective, they represent a transition from a model of content provider to that of service provider. In this context, quality and attractive prices make publishing companies more competitive.
... En qualsevol cas, aquest o altres models que en un futur no gaire llunyà s'entreveuran en el paisatge de la indústria editorial condueixen a la idea que el canvi en el món de les publicacions tendeix a la transformació de les editorials -els ingressos de les quals es basen principalment en el nombre de subscripcions-en empreses proveïdores de serveis, de manera que deixin de ser únicament proveïdores de continguts. Si això directament no beneficia l'accés obert, almenys sí que forçarà que les empreses competeixin per oferir serveis de més qualitat a un preu més assequible (Peters, 2007). ...
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Existeixen exemples de revistes electròniques científiques d'accés obert (OA) des de l'aparició d'Internet. Tanmateix, amb la Declaració de Budapest, en la qual es defineix el significat d'accés obert i les revistes com una via per assolir-lo, comencen a identificar-se revistes d'accés obert que ja ho eren i a sorgir-ne d'altres amb models inexistents en l'època de les revistes en versió impresa. En aquest treball s'analitza com el moviment d'accés obert ha repercutit sobre les vies de comunicació i l'accés a la producció científica; les conseqüències que ha tingut en l'evolució del mercat editorial, i els nous models de revistes que no es basen exclusivament en l'accés per pagament de subscripció. També s'exposen resumidament algunes de les tendències pel que fa a la publicació electrònica, que des del punt de vista de la comunitat científica tenen a veure amb la creació d'entorns col·laboratius, i l'intercanvi i la reutilització de dades, entre d'altres, i des del punt de vista comercial permeten de passar d'un model de proveïdor de continguts al de proveïdor de serveis, en el qual la qualitat i els preus més atractius fan de les editorials empreses més competitives. | pen access (OA), electronic, scientific journals have existed since the start of the Internet. Nevertheless, since the Budapest Declaration—which defined the importance of open access and described journals as key to OA—existing open access journals have begun to be identified. In addition, other journals have emerged, which use models that did not exist in the time when only printed journals were available. This paper analyses how the open access movement has affected communication methods and access to scientific output. It also looks at the consequences that OA has had on the development of the publishing sector, and on new models of journals that are not exclusively based on subscriptions. In addition, we summarise some of the trends in electronic publication. From the perspective of the scientific community, these trends are linked to the creation of collaborative environments, data exchange and the reuse of data, among other factors. From a commercial perspective, they represent a transition from a model of content provider to that of service provider. In this context, quality and attractive prices make publishing companies more competitive.
Book
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This selective bibliography presents over 210 books and articles. It covers the following open access journal topics: overviews and general works, economic issues, publishers and archives, case studies, research studies, and library issues. Most sources were published from 1999 through August 2010. It is under a under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Website: https://digital-scholarship.org//oajb/oajb.html.
Book
This selective bibliography presents over 210 books and articles. It covers the following open access journal topics: overviews and general works, economic issues, publishers and archives, case studies, research studies, and library issues. Most sources were published from 1999 through August 2010. https://digital-scholarship.org//oajb/oajb.html
Book
Full-text available
This bibliography presents over 1,100 journal articles, books, and other textual works about the open access movement. It covers open access overviews and theory, economic issues, copyright arrangements for self archiving and use, open access journals, e-prints, disciplinary archives, institutional repositories, metadata issues, open access mandates and policies, electronic theses and dissertations, the open archives initiative and OAI-PMH, library issues, conventional publisher perspectives, open access legislation, government reviews, funding agency mandates, and policies, open access in countries with emerging and developing economies, and open access books. Most sources were published from January 1999 through August 2010. It is under a under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Website: https://cutt.ly/x4Z49Fh. PDF of paperback: https://cutt.ly/N4Z45qV. Paperback: https://cutt.ly/d4Z7e81. "Bailey is a master of compiling lists of articles, web pages, papers, and books on a particular topic and distributing them to a wide audience. . . . This bibliography, like the others, is extensive and well organized with topical subheadings. A preface helps readers understand what "open access" means and what models are available. . . . This bibliography is recommended for everyone interested in open access publishing. " - Paul M. Blobaum, Journal of the Medical Library Association 100, no. 1 (2012): 73.
Book
Full-text available
Analyzes the situation of Open Access (OA) Movement in Peru through Gold Road (articles and scientific journals), Green Road (Repositories) and Open Data. There are 69 scientific journals and 20 repositories in OA in the country. The report establishes that is urgently introduce OA on Library and Information Science education and indicates that Libraries must play a key role in this subject.
Article
Full-text available
This bibliography presents over 1,100 journal articles, books, and other textual works about the open access movement. It covers open access overviews and theory, economic issues, copyright arrangements for self archiving and use, open access journals, e-prints, disciplinary archives, institutional repositories, metadata issues, open access mandates and policies, electronic theses and dissertations, the open archives initiative and OAI-PMH, library issues, conventional publisher perspectives, open access legislation, government reviews, funding agency mandates, and policies, open access in countries with emerging and developing economies, and open access books. Most sources were published from January 1999 through August 2010. Website: https://cutt.ly/x4Z49Fh. PDF of paperback: https://cutt.ly/N4Z45qV. Paperback: https://cutt.ly/d4Z7e81. "Bailey is a master of compiling lists of articles, web pages, papers, and books on a particular topic and distributing them to a wide audience. . . . This bibliography, like the others, is extensive and well organized with topical subheadings. A preface helps readers understand what "open access" means and what models are available. . . . This bibliography is recommended for everyone interested in open access publishing. " - Paul M. Blobaum, Journal of the Medical Library Association 100, no. 1 (2012): 73.
Article
In recent years, Open Access has received increased attention by scholars and practitioners as an alternative paradigm to traditional journals for the publication and diffusion of scholarly publishing. The steady increase in the number of successful Open Access journals shows that the model is a viable alternative in terms both of reputation and visibility; recent studies have also demonstrated its cost-effectiveness. However, the analysis of the sustainability of different models for scholarly publishing needs to take into consideration the existence of network externalities and information asymmetries, that generate two sided markets; the introduction of innovative business models needs to overcome the problem of reaching critical mass both on the readers' and on the authors' market. In this exploratory paper we seek to understand to what extent offering configuration contributes to double market development; we compared twelve peer reviewed scientific journals, selected from different academic disciplines. Within each group we selected a pure Open Access (OA) journal, a journal that converted from Toll Access (TA) to Open Access, a hybrid journal, and a pure traditional TA journal. We mapped the offering characteristics and we classified them in terms of accessibility for the reader, visibility for the author and benefits for researchers; we also added information on the pricing scheme of the journal. Results show a pre-eminence of OA titles in each of the three markets - as they took advantage of the possibilities offered by digitization technologies in a faster and cost effective way -, even though TA journals have been quick in keeping up with the innovative services offered by OA journals; on the other hand, many TA journals still enjoy significant first mover advantage and reputation rent which they can leverage to strengthen their offering. In the asymmetry of the scholarly communication market, competition on the author side is therefore likely to be very strong. The presence in the market of a variety of business models has benefited the research community, as services have increased; the refereeing process is becoming more transparent, high quality contributions have higher chances of being accessed by wider market segments. We did not find a significant correlation between business models and offering configuration, neither between price and offering configuration, nor IF and offering configuration; although wider access has determined an acceleration in the ability of OA journals to reach visibility. As the two business models are likely to be increasingly in direct competition due to scarce financial and reputational resources, we expect that publishers (both OA and TA) will look for specific offering configurations for the different research communities they are targeting. In this transition phase, universities are going to play a key role in orienting the development of offerings of different publishers.
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