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... Sin embargo, los valores no debiesen ser entendidos solo como las cualidades valoradas sino también como las fuerzas o procesos que moldean estas características. Por lo mismo, estos deben comprenderse como procesos dinámicos (Fouseki, & Sakka, 2013), socialmente construidos (Worthing, & Bond, 2008) y que, por ende, varían de persona en persona y a través del tiempo (Mason, 2002). ...
... Si bien, se aprecia un aparente consenso, estos no son evaluados de igual manera por las diferentes comunidades. En primer lugar, llama la atención que el valor histórico, definido por la habilidad que tiene el lugar para conectar con personas y eventos del pasado (English Heritage, 2008;Mason, 2002) es ampliamente reconocido por los visitantes (siendo mencionado en un 21,9 % de las referencias) mas no así por la comunidad de memoria, la cual lo clasifica como uno más bien secundario. Si bien, este valor se constituye como central desde la perspectiva de los visitantes, es interesante destacar que, tanto en las reseñas online como en la planificación estratégica del parque, este se reconoce como un punto de partida desde donde emergen otros valores centrales tales como el asociativo y el conmemorativo. ...
... Entre estos valores se encuentra, en primer lugar, el valor social. Este es dado por la habilidad de un sitio para promover las conexiones, redes y otras relaciones sociales (Mason, 2002). Es claramente reconocido y expresado por la comunidad de memoria dentro de los objetivos de la planificación estratégica de Villa Grimaldi, la cual propone "desarrollar estrategias para (…) la vinculación con el territorio y con diferentes actores públicos y movimientos sociales y de derechos humanos de interés" (CPPVG, 2018, p. 8). ...
Este artículo busca presentar un nuevo enfoque para la puesta en valor del patrimonio memorial de Chile. El artículo propone que los valores, en cuanto constructos sociales, son subjetivos y cambiantes y que, en el caso de los sitios de memoria, son altamente contestados. A partir de un caso de estudio específico, el Parque por la Paz Villa Grimaldi, se analizó cómo diferentes comunidades valoraban el sitio. Para ello, se emplearon múltiples métodos para la colección de datos: una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva, el estudio de documentos oficiales del sitio y del Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales, también de reseñas online dejadas por los visitantes. Estas fueron examinadas a través de un análisis temático cualitativo, usando como punto de partida los valores propuestos por Worthing y Bond (2008). A partir de este primer análisis, se definió que los valores son interdependientes unos de otros y que la significancia del sitio opera como sistema complejo y multidimensional. Utilizando un enfoque de sistema dinámico, se mapearon los valores, ilustrando las relaciones entre valores y comunidades. El artículo concluye que, para asegurar la sustentabilidad de los sitios de memoria a futuro, es necesaria la inclusión de las perspectivas de los diferentes actores sociales en la puesta en valor de estos. Asimismo, el artículo ofrece recomendaciones para gestionar potenciales tensiones y desarrollar una estrategia de puesta en valor integrada y holística. This article seeks to introduce a novel approach for the valuation of the memorial heritage of Chile. The paper proposes that values, as social constructs, are subjective and changing and that, in the case of Sites of Memory, they are highly contested. We analyzed how different communities valued the site based on a specific case study, the Parque por la Paz Villa Grimaldi. For this, we used multiple methods for data collection: an exhaustive bibliographic review, the review of official documents of the site and the Council of National Monuments, and online reviews. These were analyzed through qualitative thematic analysis, using as initial themes the values proposed by Worthing and Bond. From this first analysis, we defined that the values are interdependent and that the site's significance operates as a complex and multidimensional system. Values mapped using a dynamic system approach illustrate the relationships between values and communities. The article concludes that to ensure the sustainability of the Memory Sites in the future, it is necessary to include the perspectives of the different social actors in their enhancement. Furthermore, the article offers recommendations for managing potential tensions and developing an integrated and holistic enhancement strategy.
... According to Randall Mason a heritage value is understood as the ensemble of positive qualities or characteristics appreciated in sites or cultural objects by certain individuals or stakeholders. These qualities or characteristics appear from the interaction between an asset and its context, and therefore they could never be understood as intrinsic (Mason, 2002). Nevertheless, there are several authors that keep the idea of the existence of both intrinsic and extrinsic heritage values: Rodney William Carter & Richard Bramley propose that: ...
... However, if this paradigm is applied, a series of difficulties arise: how to determine the breadth of the stakeholder's network that includes informants, spokespersons, and experts, and achieve adequate representation without it being so large that it becomes unmanageable? (Mason, 2002). There is no direct answer, and in fact it will depend on the asset that is being conserved. ...
... It is necessary to recognize the contingent nature of heritage values and to be flexible by conceiving them as "a constantly changing social construction and not as the frozen materialization of the past" (Villaseñor, 2011). Heritage values are in culture and social spheres, so they are always changing (Mason, 2002), therefore change must be understood as a contribution to the wealth of heritage, as proposed by Daniel Bluestone, understanding change is as important as to understand the original intention (Bluestone, 2000). Besides, heritage values are not objectively assigned, they are not permanent or invariable: ...
Heritage values are basic in conservation, nevertheless there is not a methodology to analyze their variation over time and how it has affected the conservation of heritage assets. Therefore, a methodology that allows us to determine their variation in written descriptions about a specific heritage site was needed. In this article we have addressed the concept of heritage values and stressed their importance and their variability over time, but also analyzed different methods from the field of linguistics that would better adapt to determine heritage values variation and their application in the heritage field.
... Aesthetic value is assigned to a place when it incites sensory and intellectual stimulation due to conscious design and artistic endeavor [12]. Aesthetic appeal may also be based on context, form and proportions, as well as the observer's own experiential 'baggage' [13]. Architectural value is when form, proportion, scale and rhythm are employed together with ornamentation and decoration to convey the intended function of a building, as well as cultural associations about who built it and/or when and where it was built ( Figure 4) [10]. ...
... Research compiled by Mason [13], Yung and Chan [14], de la Torre [11], Doğan [15], Chen and Li [16] and Olukoya [17] formed the basis for Table 1. In this quantitative overview, 37 leading sources from the turn of the twentieth century were classified in terms of the following value typologies: 1) spiritual/religious, 2) cultural/symbolic, 3) social/community, 4) political, 5) anthropological (archaeological and environmental), 6) typological/townscape, 7) contextual, 8) historic, 9) rarity, 10) prestige/legacy, 11) commemorative, 12) aesthetic/artistic, 13) architectural, 14) scientific/structural, 15) technical/constructional, 16) economic, 17) option, 18) use, 19) tourism, 20) evidential, 21) educational, 22) newness, 23) ecological/landscape, and 24) authenticity. ...
... Reference count/s: 1-8 (least prevalent) Reference counts: 9-17 Reference counts: 18-26 (most prevalent) Riegl [18] x x Athens Charter [19] x x Venice Charter [20] x x x Amsterdam Declaration [21] x x x x Antiquities Advisory Board [22] x x x Kalman [23] x Feilden [9] x x x x x x x x Lipe [24] x x Nara Document [25] x x x x Darvill and Wainwright [26] x x x San Antonio Declaration [27] x x x Carver [28] x x x Frey [29] x English Heritage [30] x x Ashley-Smith [31] x x Australia ICOMOS [32] x x x x x x x Kerr [33] x x x x x Throsby [34] x x x x x Pye [35] x x x x Mason [13] x x x x x x Antiquities and Monuments Office [36] x x x Faro Charter [37] x x x Keene [38] x x x x x Appelbaum [39] x x x x x Roders [40] x x x x English Heritage [12] x x x Quebec Declaration [41] x x x x x x FHBRO [42] x Orbaşlı [43] x x x x x x x x Stubbs [44] x x x Robles [45] x x x x ICOMOS New Zealand [46] x x x x x x x x Szmelter [47] x x x x x Lertcharnrit [48] x Yung and Chan [49] x x x x x Gielen, et al. [50] x Typologies 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Riegl [18] x x Athens Charter [19] x Venice Charter [20] x Amsterdam Declaration [21] Antiquities Advisory Board [22] x Kalman [23] x x x Feilden [9] x x x x x x x x Lipe [24] x x Nara Document [25] x x Darvill and Wainwright [26] x x x x x San Antonio Declaration [27] x x Carver [28] x Frey [29] x x x x English Heritage [30] x x x Ashley-Smith [31] x x x Australia ICOMOS [32] x Kerr [33] x x Throsby [34] x Pye [35] x x Mason [13] x x x x Antiquities and Monuments Office [36] x x x x Faro Charter ( [37] x Keene [38] x Appelbaum [39] x x x x x Roders [40] x x x English Heritage [12] x Quebec Declaration [41] x FHBRO [42] x x Orbaşlı [43] x x x x x x x Stubbs [44] x Robles [45] x x x x ICOMOS New Zealand [46] x x x x x Szmelter [47] x x x x x x Lertcharnrit [48] x x x x Yung and Chan [49] x x Gielen, et al. [50] x UNESCO World Heritage Committee [51] x x Reference Count 10 10 7 18 5 12 2 12 10 2 7 3 ...
The objective of this paper is to put forward a holistic, less subjective, method to value built heritage. Based on 37 seminal publications issued from 1903 to date, 24 value typologies were identified, classified and incorporated in a heritage value grid developed from the Nara Grid. This grid allows for a multi-layered valorization of aesthetic, socio-cultural, economic and informational values with respect to six heritage dimensions, namely, (i) design, (ii) materiality, (iii) function, (vi) location, (v) tradition and techniques, and (vi) spirit and memory. This formed the basis of a mathematical formula, the Heritage Value Calculation, to compute the heritage value of a given building. The resulting final value is useful in the scheduling of such sites.
... Moreover, this shift in the meaning, understanding, and realizing of cultural heritage through a new light was revolutionary in the field of heritage studies a way that it opened many avenues for existing built cultural heritage. As Torre and Mason (in 2002:3) suggested that "It is selfevident that no society makes an effort to conserve what it does not value" (20) . Hence, understanding the significance of heritage is extremely important to value the heritage and understanding its value is extremely important in conserving it. ...
... Consequently, to understand 'this value' it is vital to study its spatial, social, cultural and economic contexts, which may, thereby, highlight the merits of the heritage and its surrounding context (20) . Both valuing and valorizing of cultural heritage are crucial exercises in heritage conservation. ...
... Today, the economic value is gradually becoming more of a 'requisite' for conserving heritage properties. As defined by Randall Mason in the Neoclassical economic theory, these are the "..values seen primarily through the lens of individual consumer and firm choice (utility) and are most often expressed in terms of price" (20) . However, within the framework of sociocultural value, the social values are usually associated with a strong sense of belongingness, identity, community feeling, sense of tolerance, responsibility, social distinction or unification etc., while cultural value, on the other hand, is mostly, a more encompassing yet more profound idea which is beyond economic and social values. ...
While urban heritage is growing its significance in the global urban context, there remains a lot of ambiguity in its perception. This article conceptualises the evolution and the various approaches to urban cultural heritage, understand its meaning, values and significance in the society and underlines its relationship with urbanisation in a developing city. Keywords: Urbanheritage; Conservation; Heritagemeaningconcept; evolutionmeaning culturalheritage; urbanisation
... The value status of a historic cultural object requires selection, not everything historical is a heritage and material to be preserved; the accumulation of cultures requires selection [6] so as not to be a prisoner of the past but to project oneself into the future [8]. According to R. Mason, assessing values is an essential activity in any conservation effort since values strongly shape the decisions that are made [9]. They help give a building 'heritage' status, to select which building or site to invest in; which treatment to apply on a monument. ...
... Methodologically, the evaluation of heritage values is delicate: several problems are arisen related to their diversity; parameters such as the factors of time that change them, the fact is that these values are sometimes in conflict. [9] Briefly, it is now a matter of analyzing the values that have been taken into consideration for interventions in the architectural heritage to construct a table that clarifies the role of these values as criteria for decision-making, to better understand the wide range of heritage values. ...
... Contrary to Fernández's research based on performance criteria, R. Mason's works [9] are founded on the conservation value of properties in a non-technical sense. It is about economic/cultural values. ...
... However, it is also important to take difficulties, consequences and potential threats of such approaches into account. In this respect Mason (2002) Considering all these aspects, Mason proposed a provisional typology consisting of two main types of economic and socio-cultural values as the outcome of two different perspectives towards the same range of heritage values (Table 3-1). Through socio-cultural perspective heritage is valued based on its meaning for people which is due to its age, beauty, artistry, association with a significant person or event and/or contribution to the processes of cultural affiliations. ...
... At the same time, a more economic perspective evaluates heritage through economic analyses which could either be measurable or non-measurable with price and thus range between private/market values to public/nonmarket ones (ibid. Mason (2002). ...
... Such a need thus puts the identification of stakeholders as a key prerequisite, or at least as a parallel procedure to developing management strategies and associated tools in order to know what to value, how, by whom and moreover how to set priorities or settle conflicts of interests. As a result, heritage management should always be seen as a democratic and hence a complex process (De la Torre, Marta andMason 2002). ...
The dissertation at hand employs the concept of Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) for understanding the process of urban change and continuity within the context of the historic city of Isfahan and further investigates its application as an analytic tool for guiding urban conservation and development procedures. With regard to the inefficiency of urban conservation approaches in Isfahan during the last three decades, this study aims at identifying context-based problems and potentials that would lead to conceptualising a new framework. Therefore, drawing on the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation, the notion of HUL is hereby explored and a preliminary framework is provided for analysing the urban intervention cases within the historic core of Isfahan.
... Frågan om kulturarvets värden har avhandlats av forskare och praktiker åtminstone sedan 1903 då Alois Riegl publicerade essän Der moderne Denkmalkultus: Sein Wesen und seine Entstehung, vilken skrevs som introduktion till ett planerat lagförslag för skyddet av kulturarvet i dubbelmonarkin Österrike-Ungern (Ahmer, 2020). I essän diskuterar Riegl förekomsten av olika sorters monument, där han skiljer mellan de som skapats avsiktligt och oavsiktligt och skapar en typologi av värden som kan tillskrivas de olika monumenten, där värdekategorierna delas in i åldersvärde, historiskt värde, minnesvärde, bruksvärde, konstnärligt värde och nyhetsvärde (Riegl, 1903(Riegl, , 1996se även Choay, 2001;Mason, 2002). 9 I och med det värdebaserade förhållningssätt som utgår från australiska ICOMOS så kallade Burradokument (första versionen antagen 1979) och även uttrycks i den mångkulturella och differentierade synen på kulturarvsvärden i Naradokumentet (1994) kan den antikvariska diskursen sägas ha rört sig i en postmodern riktning där värden är relativa och beroende av tid och kontext. ...
... I den senare delen av artikel IV redogörs för hur den specifika rätten till delaktighet har uttryckts i internationella konventioner och i kulturpolitiken och senare omsatts (eller inte omsatts) i det praktiska (kyrkliga) kulturarvsarbetet. Under arbetet med studien som skedde 2015-16 stöddes resonemangen på teorier och undersökningar av främst Randall Mason (2002), Krister Olsson (2003), Michael Turnpenny (2004), Wera Grahn (2007) och Krister Olsson & Elin Berglund (2013) och i den här publicerade engelska versionen hade jag endast möjlighet att göra smärre uppdateringar. Avseende teori och praktik i frågan om delaktighet i kulturarvet har detta därefter behandlats utförligt av Malin Weijmer i avhandlingen I sökandet efter delaktighet -Praktik, aktörer och kulturmiljöarbete (2019). ...
This study, which is written in Swedish and with an extensive summary in English, describes and analyses the Swedish ecclesiastical heritage as well as the structures and systems that provide conditions and frameworks for how it is perceived and managed. One purpose is to explain today’s situation concerning the 3,000 historic church buildings and sites protected by national heritage legislation and owned by the Church of Sweden. Furthermore, the study analyses how the approaches, paradigms or discourses, which define that ecclesiastical heritage, have changed over the past two centuries. The study aims to bridge the gaps between antiquarian, art history and conservation discourses, where churches are mainly seen as material historic objects and other discourses that regard churches as living heritage, intangible heritage, or as resources for human rights and sustainable development. The analyses are based on theories such as the concepts of Authorized Heritage Discourse, heritagisation, secularisation, and research methods as discourse analysis and self-reflexivity. The study defines and discusses the Church Antiquarian System, which includes the State-Church agreement, the Historic Environment Act and the State financial compensation. The analyses show that the system is based on a partly outdated conservation approach, with origins in an even older nineteenth-century antiquarian discourse, that is not consistent with the national heritage policy adopted by the Swedish parliament. Thus, it blocks a necessary development where many redundant churches could be revitalised as resources for society. The current approach, as well as the Church’s use of its heritage and history, contribute to a deliberately created positive image, avoiding dark or controversial heritage that illustrates abuse of groups of people such as “witches” in the seventeenth century. To achieve the desired development towards a holistic and inclusive approach to ecclesiastical heritage, several recommendations are given. These include identification of heritage discourses in heritage practices and policies, tolerance of many existing heritage approaches, a review and update of the Church Antiquarian System, and finally the need for developing the competence of heritage officers in the adapted reuse of heritage as a resource for sustainable societal development.
... Historic cities are, usually, built with indigenous belief and wisdom which reflects human legacy and its human settlement considering the traditional, economic, political, and spatial aspects Licciardi (2010). Mason (2002) posited that "historic cities are dynamic settlements, intensely conditioned by a built-up structure and living styles that formed in ancient times and is today identifiable as symbolizing the growth of its people'. It is integral that a historic settlement be colonized and depict a living cultural essence Mason (2002). ...
... Mason (2002) posited that "historic cities are dynamic settlements, intensely conditioned by a built-up structure and living styles that formed in ancient times and is today identifiable as symbolizing the growth of its people'. It is integral that a historic settlement be colonized and depict a living cultural essence Mason (2002). The development of the earliest cities dates back to ancient times when the growth of horticultural and pastoral societies allowed individuals to settle in one place instead of constantly having to relocate in search of food. ...
Redeveloping historic cities is an attempt to recognize the social and cultural value of a city and tries to safeguard the authenticity of the city. The cultural heritage of cities can bring people together and create a sense of belonging, while also providing insight into the history and heritage of previous generations. Unfortunately, current development processes are not integrated with the cultural context of cities. The speed and manner of urbanization and modernization disregard the notion of preserving the cultural heritage of cities during redevelopment and instead advocate for a uniform approach to redevelopment that undermines both the existing essence, identity, and atmosphere of the location and the standard of living of the city's residents. Such an approach ignores the importance of preserving heritage. Therefore, there is a dire need for the government to encourage sensitivity toward heritage preservation while redeveloping historic cities.
... The difference between professionals and non-professionals according to the role they play in heritage management and conservation is addressed by Randall Mason [10]. He distinguishes insiders who are 'at the table' and outsiders who are not. ...
... As Veldpaus acknowledges, the involved stakeholders and their roles have expanded and changed over the last decades and are dynamic. Mason introduces 'potential stakeholders' as a stakeholder group that has no influence but that may develop an interest in the heritage property in the future, such as future generations [10]. This group can include both professionals and laypeople, but the prospect is the interest they will have in the heritage property. ...
Although attention for citizen involvement in urban development and heritage management processes is growing, both in practice and in research, the specifics of stakeholders’ interests have been less researched. This paper reveals and discusses the assessment by individuals and groups, to differentiate stakeholders, based on the heritage significance they convey on neighbourhood attributes. Fifty-nine interviews on a Dutch neighbourhood in Amsterdam Zuidoost were analysed integrating quantitative and qualitative methods. Results confirm important differences between and within stakeholder groups regarding their interest in particular attribute categories and scales, indicating the need to further specify stakeholders beyond the commonly used ‘community’ and ‘experts’. The identification of stakeholder interests is important to involve relevant groups in the identification and designation of significant attributes, buildings, and areas and to anticipate potential conflicts or shared interests in neighbourhood renovation processes.
... Değer, kullanışlılığı ve faydaları akla getirmektedir. Miras, entelektüel bir girişim olarak değil, (maddi kültürün bir yönü olarak) toplumda araçsal, sembolik ve diğer işlevleri yerine getirdiği için değerlenir (Mason, 2002). İnsanlar bir yere fayda veya kişisel çağrışım dışında birçok nedenden dolayı değer verebilir: kendine özgü bir mimariye veya manzaraya sahip olması, geçmişi hakkında anlatabileceği bir hikâyesi olması, önemli kişiler veya olaylarla bağlantılı olması, arazi şekli, flora ve faunası, insanların onu güzel veya ilham verici bulması veya bir topluluğun odağında rol oynaması (English Heritage, 2008). ...
... Farklı koruma teorisyenleri ve kurumlar tarafından hazırlanmış miras değer tipolojileri, aynı pastayı tarif etmekle birlikte zarif bir şekilde farklı biçimlerde bölünmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Kültürel miras değerlerini Riegl (1903), anımsatma (eskilik, tarihi ve amaçlanmış anımsatma değeri) ve güncel değerler (kullanım ve sanat değeri) olmak üzere iki gruba; Feilden ve Jokilehto (1998), kültürel (kimlik, göreceli artistik ve teknik, enderlik değeri) ve çağdaş sosyo-ekonomik değerler (kullanım, sosyal, ekonomik, eğitim) olmak üzere iki gruba; Burra Tüzüğü (The Australia ICOMOS, 1999) estetik, tarihi, bilimsel ve sosyal olmak üzere dört ana gruba; Mason (2002), sosyo-kültürel (tarihi, kültürel/sembolik, sosyal, manevi/dinsel, estetik) ve ekonomik (kullanım değeri ve kullanılmama değeri) olmak üzere iki ana sınıfa; English Heritage (2008) belge değeri, tarihi değer (tanımlayıcı, çağrışım), estetik değer (tasarım, artistik, sanatsız güzellik ve süblime) ve toplumsal değerler (anı/sembolik, sosyal, manevi) alt kategorilerine ayırmıştır. ...
... Tables 1 and 2. The merge of value-based approach with living heritage approach is considered for various reasons, namely; both approaches are contemporary approaches and ensure necessity of a function (use), local communities have more role/contribution in decision-making, both approaches are more flexible and permit medium and maximum intervention. [34], [20], [35] [9], [10], [36] [15], [37], [21] Objective 34 35 36 37 Linking heritage to community's wellbeing ownership (owned by local community) Locals using the site Communities living near/around the site [32], [9] [35], [33] [12] ...
... The first twenty criteria belong to dead approach (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) and the second part (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) belong to living approach ( figure 14). Mean value of dead approach criteria record much higher figures than living approach which clarify that the dominant approach implemented in preservation is dead approach. ...
... This has been reproduced in Table 1. The split between Sociocultural and Economic aspects of value was identified as problematic and the entire set of typologies was not meant to be exclusive or exhaustive [11]. A more recent re-examination of value typologies identified three stages for significance assessments with regards to CH [12]. ...
... To better categorise the information and values collected for each artefact, the provisional value typologies and their definitions suggested for assessing values in conservation planning were used [11]. This was further enhanced by deriving the 'points' of CH information and values that answer the first two out of three questions suggested by a model for significance assessment [12]. ...
Cultural heritage (CH) values are important for understanding the significance of heritage assets. For that reason, the presentation of CH should go beyond providing factual information. It should reflect relevant values that are held by the curators, the heritage experts and the communities of non-expert citizen stakeholders. Associating values with the information content in a CH communication product is a challenging task. Digital technologies require special attention to communicate values along with heritage information to achieve meaningful and impactful communication. In this paper, we focus on a socio-technological framework for the integration of values into the information content provided to visitors. We have designed, applied and evaluated an eight-stage process for the inclusion of CH values in the information content and their communication to museum visitors. It has been applied at the Hecht Museum, located at the University of Haifa, Israel, where museum artefacts are currently presented to the visitors with informational panels that have been designed without any attention to values. Two digital applications, built by applying the eight-stage process, were developed. One was designed to cover the information and heritage values already available within the museum descriptions. The other was developed by following the suggested process, which accounts for values that were collected through a review of the literature, interviews with experts and interactions with non-experts. The two applications were tested, iterated and evaluated to assess the impact of value inclusion. Results show that both visitors and experts appreciated the value-enhanced communication. The evaluation of user feedback has further substantiated the creation of content that is inclusive of CH values, for the communication of museum artefacts.
... Value is defined as the set of positive features and qualities attributed to heritage. Any group with a legitimate right to heritage is referred to as a stakeholder or interest group (Mason 2002:17, Mason and Avrami 2002:15, De la Torre 2005. The valuebased approach is largely based on the Burra Charter (The Australia ICOMOS 1999). ...
... This categorization of values serves as a tool for making conservation decisions about how best to preserve those values (Avrami, Mason and De la Torre 2000:8). Due to the relative nature of value analysis processes, several institutions or experts have developed various value categories (Riegl 1903;Lipe 1984;Frey 1997;Fielden and Jokilehto 1998;Burra Charter 1999;Mason 2002;Feilden 2003;Holden 2006;Throsby 2006;Imprey 2006;Mattison 2006;Accenture 2006;English Heritage 2008). In this context, the cultural heritage values of traditional rural archaeological settlements were defined by the authors by evaluating the value definitions and classifications put forward by different researchers and are well accepted in the field of conservation. ...
Historical stratification resulting from ongoing settling is a common characteristic of most Anatolian settlements, both in urban and rural areas. In this regard, Yoran/Didyma rural settlement serves as an example; whose built environment comprises the coexistence of archaeological remains and traditional rural architecture. The continuing life in the traditional rural fabric on/around the ancient artifacts distinguishes Didyma from other archaeological sites. Due to Didyma's archaeological resources, it was designated as a 1st-degree archaeological site in 1976; however, traditional rural architecture and historical stratification of the settlement are neither assigned heritage values nor attempts undertaken to preserve them for a considerable time. More than 30 buildings were registered as cultural assets after 1998; however, this is insufficient to preserve the settlement's authentic character and integrity. In 2015, a major paradigm shift for preserving the settlement emerged by providing the stakeholders with a chance to discuss the settlement's conservation issues. In the conservation field, there are two main approaches which differ in terms of definition, purpose, and main aims of conservation, as well as conservation objects and methods: A material-based approach and a value-based approach. While the material-based approach’s primary goal is to prevent the loss of physical heritage, the value-based approach focuses on the values that society ascribes to heritage. In this context, evidence of these conservation approaches, which were effective in the preservation of Yoran in the historical process, were traced. This study aims to discuss the conservability of the Yoran/Didyma through the changing cultural heritage value perceptions of conservation experts and decision-makers; and is to question whether the conservation statuses defined in the national legislation are sufficient to respond to the unique conservation problems, threats and potentials of the settlement.
... Последњих пар деценија валоризација наслеђа доводи се у везу и са економијом, јавним политикама и друштвеним изазовима [8]. У том смислу, данас се одвајају две основне типологије валоризације културног и градитељског наслеђа: валоризација према социо-културним вредностима (историјске, културне, социолошке, религиозне и естетске вредности) и према економским вредностима (употребна вредности, трајање, завештање) [13]. Валоризација градитељског наслеђа спроводи се у циљу довођења у везу квалитета карактеристика објеката са могућим конзервацијским приступима (рестаурација, ревитализацијa, адаптивна пренамена, итд.). ...
Индустријско наслеђе је врло значајно јер говори о историјском и технолошком развоју друштва, као и о техничкој култури и писмености народа. Историјски индустријски објекти и комплекси су углавном били зонирани у градским периферијама, али временом су постали део централних урбаних подручја због експанзије и развоја градова. Предмет овог истраживања јесте сагледавање потенцијала и ограничења постојећег индустријског наслеђа у централним градским зонама у контексту одрживе регенерације, са фокусом на студију случаја - комплекс Београдског памучног комбината, који се налази у историјској индустријској зони на обали Дунава у Београду. Циљ истраживања је валоризација комплекса Београдског памучног комбината, богате индустријске архитектуре који је услед губљења своје првобитне намене данас напуштен, односно може се класификовати као индустријско браунфилд подручје. Комплекс ће бити валоризован коришћењем Нара документа o аутентичности који за вредновање индустријског наслеђа препознаје уметничку, историјску, друштвену и научну димензију и сагледава их кроз аспекте облика и дизајна, материјала и супстанци, употребе и функције, традиције и техника, локације и контекста и духа и израза. Добијени резултати истраживања могу бити од помоћи за проналажење квалитета и ограничења индустријског наслеђа, што чини предфазу за било какав наредни корак обнове.
... This research applied the Cultural Route Evaluation Model (CREM), developed by Božić and Tomić (2016) based on the importance factor (Im) first introduced by Tomić (2011). This model represents an amalgam of previous geoheritage assessment methods developed by different authors (Pereira, Pereira, & Caetano Alves, 2007;Pralong, 2005;Zouros, 2007;Reynard, Fontana, Kozlik, & Scapozza, 2007;Tomić & Božić, 2014;Erhartič, 2010) and other studies related to CH assessment (Ahmetović, 1994;Tomka, 1994;du Cros, 2001;Mason, 2002;Throsby, 2006;Tuan & Navrud, 2008;Laing, Wheeler, Reeves, & Frost, 2014;McKercher & Ho, 2006). Božić and Tomić (2016) merged and adapted a variety of elements from all of these methods, and introduced some new indicators for the evaluation of a route, thus developing the CREM. ...
The promotion of fortified towns, as Serbia’s significant cultural heritage, represents a major element of tourism development. The main goals of this paper are to highlight the tourism potential of fortifications in Serbia and to investigate the prospect of creating a cultural route of fortified towns. The route is comprised of six fortresses. This article applies CREM (Cultural Route Evaluation Model) to assess the tourism potential of fortified towns and the possibility of linking them in a thematic route. The CREM model provided principal information about the possibilities of developing cultural routes, and details about the sites’ requirements. Furthermore, it identified the main areas in need of improvement at each fortress to be visited by a substantial number of tourists in the upcoming period.
... Au point que l'ensemble des actions menées pour faire évoluer l'environnement construit hérité des générations passées semble dépendre de la valeur que nous lui accordons. Ainsi, Marta de la Torre et Randall Mason (2002) partent du principe que : "La valeur a toujours été la raison qui soustend la conservation du patrimoine." Et ils iront jusqu'à affirmer : "Il est évident qu'aucune société ne fait l'effort de conserver ce qui n'a pas de valeur pour elle." ...
Résumé. Le concept de valeur semble posséder une importance capitale, à la fois dans la littérature scientifique et dans le discours professionnel des différent·es acteurs et actrices du patrimoine. Les actions menées pour faire évoluer l'environnement construit hérité des générations passées semblent dépendre de la valeur que nous lui accordons. Dans le présent essai, les concepts de valeur, d'évaluateur·trice et d'évaluation patrimoniale sont discutés. Après un retour sur leurs étymologies, deux
contextes historiques sont comparés : l'axiologie classique du XIXe siècle fondée sur la recherche de rationalité des Lumières et les typologies de valeurs contemporaines aux prises avec la complexité. Ce retour historique montre une complexification et une multiplication des grilles d'évaluation, ainsi que la nécessité de questionner la subjectivité inhérente aux prises de décisions des acteurs et actrices du patrimoine. Pour ne pas sombrer dans une forme de relativisme excessif décrédibilisant définitivement toute tentative d'objectivation des processus d'évaluations patrimoniales, un modèle dynamique de grille d'évaluation est proposé.
Abstract. The concept of value seems to have capital importance both in scientific literature and in various heritage actors' professional discourse. The actions undertaken to develop the built environment inherited from previous generations seem to depend on the value we assign it. In this essay, the concepts of value, assessor, and heritage assessment are discussed. After an examination of their etymologies, two historical contexts are compared: the classical axiology of the 19th century based on the Enlightenment search for rationality and the typologies of contemporary values struggling with complexity. This historical reassessment shows a complexification and multiplication of evaluation grids, as well as the need to question the subjectivity inherent in heritage actors' decisions. In order not to sink into excessive relativism definitively discrediting any attempt to objectify the process of heritage assessments, a dynamic evaluation grid model is proposed.
... In the last 30 years, changes to the definition of heritage have led to a framework that is much more comprehensive and which now considers diverse heritage values (De la Torre & Mason, 2002;Fredheim & Khalaf, 2016;Mason, 2008; Rey-P erez & Gonz alez Mart ınez, 2018). As a result, assets that were previously dismissed, now have a place in the field of cultural heritage thanks to a new holistic vision that includes economic, technical, environmental, social, geographical, aesthetic, urban, symbolic, functional and natural aspects (De la Torre, 2002;Veldpaus, 2015;Veldpaus & Pereira Roders, 2014). ...
As new heritage categories have emerged, the process of identifyingheritage value has become more complex, necessitating new tools toenable professionals to identify all attributes and values that determinethe uniqueness of an asset before embarking upon its managementand conservation. Burle Marx’s Copacabana promenade in Rio deJaneiro, Brazil, is representative of a modernist landscape design, andtherefore, a cultural heritage asset. This article proposes a mixed meth-odology for identifying the heritage attributes and values of this mod-ernist landscape through document analysis, site observations andsurveys. This information is essential for the long-term conservation ofthe Copacabana promenade. Historical, aesthetic, technological andenvironmental values are represented in attributes that include thedesign itself, thecalceteiratechnique and the selected tree species. Thevalues and attributes of these assets inform the conservation strategiesthat are designed to end their abandonment and deterioration.
... Siguiendo la definición del Consejo Internacional de Museos y Sitios (en adelante ICOMOS), consideramos que el patrimonio cultural se expresa a través de unos valores culturales que, aunque cambian según la categoría, contexto y época, se significan por su valor estético, histórico, científico o social para las generaciones pasadas, presentes o futuras. Este cambio generalmente es una ampliación, pero su estudio debe garantizar el reconocimiento y la no descontextualización de todos sus elementos o atributos, además de evaluar su sinergia (Mason 2002;Bond et al. 2004 a). Su identificación determina la significancia cultural y el resultado se concreta en una declaración de significancia, (ICOMOS 1999 a). ...
Las diferentes leyes autonómicas de patrimonio cultural y el borrador de la reforma de la Ley del Patrimonio Histórico Español (Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte 2021) reflejan la evolución de los conceptos patrimoniales, ampliando las categorías a proteger. Es el caso, por ejemplo, de la arquitectura defensiva e industrial o del paisaje cultural, que no se entenderían sin su entorno y sin la huella y la articulación del territorio dejada por el ser humano a lo largo del tiempo. La complejidad de estas categorías patrimoniales, compuestas por elementos de naturaleza material e inmaterial, requiere de una comprensión de sus procesos evolutivos, así como de una gestión integral de posibles afecciones desde las primeras etapas de la evaluación ambiental de proyectos. Una propuesta que ha intentado paliar las dificultades asociadas a esta complejidad es la herramienta redactada por el Consejo Internacional de Museos y Sitios (ICOMOS) denominada Evaluación de Impacto Patrimonial, que tiene como objetivo la prevención de impactos en la salvaguarda de sitios declarados Patrimonio Mundial.
En este artículo analizamos la práctica de las Evaluaciones de Impacto Patrimonial en Europa y su relación con el procedimiento de Evaluación del Impacto Ambiental de proyectos, a través de una revisión bibliográfica, con el propósito de documentar los análisis publicados al respecto y hacer una valoración crítica de su uso, evaluando sus ventajas e inconvenientes.
... More broadly, different sets of values can be applied to heritage sites, ranging from aesthetic values to economic and symbolic ones. Based on the ambiguity and plurality of heritage values and the need for the development of a value toolkit that will enable the assessment of different sites, English Heritage's Conservation Principles (2008) provides a framework that includes four core heritage values: the aesthetic, evidential, communal and historical (Mason 2002). Evidential value, that is, "the potential of a place to yield evidence about past human activity" (English Heritage 2008: 72) is an integral part of this toolkit and linked to traditional understandings of heritage which focus on the material aspect of sites. ...
The aim of this article is to examine the importance of Grassroots Music Venues by adopting a heritage significance lens. In doing so, I aim to forward the understanding of such venues as heritage sites that produce temporal and ephemeral heritage embedded within counter-cultural narratives.
... The definition of values for the heritage (architectural, historic, aesthetic, social, etc.), and principles of conservation (authenticity, integrity) (Riegl, 1902;Lipe, 1984;English Heritage, 1997;Feilden and Jokilehto, 1998;ICOMOS Australia, 1999;Klamer and Zuidhofm 1999;Mason, 2002;Council of Europe, 2005;Throsby, 2006Throsby, , 2012Ost, 2009Ost, , 2019aKlamer, 2013). ...
... Σύμφωνα με τον Randall Mason (2002: 18), αναφέρεται και μία τρίτη ομάδα μετεχόντων οι "πιθανοί μετέχοντες" (constituencies), οι οποίοι μπορούν να συμμετέχουν σε ανάλογες διαδικασίες στο μέλλον. (Harvey, & Mahard, 2013· Luger, 2011· Mason, 2002 Χρηματική / Αγοραστική αξία (monetary value / retail value 127 ): Η χρηματική αποτίμηση ενός τεκμηρίου σύμφωνα με την τρέχουσα ή μελλοντική αγοραστική του αξία. ...
Στις Βιβλιοθήκες, οι βιβλιοθηκονόμοι δρουν ως επιμελητές, εκτιμητές και διαχειριστές του υλικού των Συλλογών με σκοπό την παροχή πρόσβασης και διατήρησής του και για τις επόμενες γενιές. Αυτό αποτελεί επιτακτική ανάγκη ειδικά στις περιπτώσεις όπου το υλικό που διαχειρίζονται εμπίπτει στην κατηγορία του Σπάνιου, του Πολιτιστικού Αγαθού, της Κινητής Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς, του Αναντικατάστατου και Μοναδικού Υλικού. Η παρούσα έρευνα έχει ως αντικείμενο το υλικό του Τμήματος Ειδικών και Σπάνιων Συλλογών (Κλειστών Συλλογών) των Βιβλιοθηκών, το οποίο διέπεται από ξεχωριστή Πολιτική. Αποσκοπεί στη διερεύνηση των συνθηκών που υφίστανται και των πρακτικών που ακολουθούνται σύμφωνα με την Πολιτική Διαχείρισης του Τμήματος Σπάνιων και Ειδικών Συλλογών σε τρεις ελληνικές Βιβλιοθήκες: α) την Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη της Ελλάδος, β) την Γεννάδειο Βιβλιοθήκη και γ) την Ιστορική Βιβλιοθήκη του Ιδρύματος Αικατερίνης Λασκαρίδη. Τα τεκμήρια που ανήκουν σε ένα τέτοιο Τμήμα χρήζουν ειδικής διαχείρισης και επιλέγονται κατόπιν εφαρμογής ενός Συστήματος ιεράρχησης και απόδοσης των αξιών τους, βάσει προκαθορισμένων κριτηρίων αξιολόγησης. Το Σύστημα Αξιολόγησης ποικίλει ανάλογα με το είδος της Βιβλιοθήκης, τους ευρύτερου στόχους του Ιδρύματος / Οργανισμού που ανήκει και διοικείται, τους χώρους που διαθέτει, την κοινότητα που εξυπηρετεί, το προσωπικού και τη χρηματοδότηση που απολαμβάνει. Η συλλογή δεδομένων και η μελέτη των Τμημάτων Ειδικών και Σπάνιων Συλλογών των τριών υποδειγματικών Βιβλιοθηκών βασίστηκε στην έρευνα πεδίου, χρησιμοποιώντας τα εξής εργαλεία: δομημένα ερωτηματολόγια, συνέντευξη και επιτόπια παρατήρηση. Μετά την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων της έρευνας, διαπιστώθηκε ότι και οι τρεις Βιβλιοθήκες έχουν γνώση του υλικού που κατέχουν ακολουθώντας τη διαδικασία αξιολόγησης (η οποία έχει ήδη γίνει ή συμβαίνει επί του παρόντος). Επίσης, αποδεικνύεται από την κριτική αντιπαραβολή τους με τα διεθνή Βιβλιογραφικά δεδομένα (εγχειρίδια, αρθρογραφία, πρότυπα, νομοθεσία, κανονισμοί, κατευθυντήριες οδηγίες κ.α.), ότι κοινός ευρύτερα στόχος των Βιβλιοθηκών, ο οποίος διατρέχει όλες τις μεθόδους διαχείρισης και τις υπηρεσίες προς το κοινό, είναι η μακροημέρευση του υλικού και η, όσο το δυνατόν, ελαχιστοποίηση της φθοράς από τη χρήση για να είναι διαθέσιμο και για τις επόμενες γενιές. Παράλληλα, επιδιώκεται η εξισορρόπηση του βιβλιο-κεντρικού αυτού συστήματος με μία πιο ελεγχόμενη και εξωστρεφή πολιτική.
In the Libraries, the librarians act as curators, appraisers and administrators of the material of the Collections, in order to provide access and achieve its preservation for the next generations. This is an urgent need especially in cases where the material they manage falls into the category of rare material, cultural property, movable cultural heritage, irreplaceable and unique material. The object of this research is the material of the Department of Special and Rare Collections (Closed Collections) of Libraries, which is governed by its own Policy. It aims to investigate the existing conditions and practices followed in accordance with the Collection Policy of the Department of Rare and Special Collections in three Greek Libraries: a) the National Library of Greece, b) the Gennadius Library and c) the Historical Library of the Aikaterini Laskaridis Foundation. The items of the Special Collection Libraries require special handling and they are selected according to a Prioritization System of their value and significance, following specific criteria assessment. The Evaluation System depends on the Library’s type, on the broader objectives of the Foundation / Organization that it owns and manages, on the spaces it has, on the community it serves, on the staff and its budget. The data gathering and the study of the Special and Rare Collections Departments of the three exemplary Libraries was based on field research, using the following tools: structured questionnaires, interview and on-site observation. To conclude, the processing of the research data, shows that all three Libraries have knowledge of their material according to their evaluation assessment (which has already been done or is currently taking place). It also proves, after their critical comparison with the international Bibliographic data (manuals, articles, standards, legislation, regulations, guidelines, etc.), that a common goal, which seems to run through all management methods and services to the patrons, is the longevity of the material and the minimization of wear from use to get it available for the next generations. At the same time, the aim is to balance this book-central system with a more controlled and extroverted policy.
... Sensory experiences caused by esthetically pleasing environments have positive effects on sense of place and, therefore, on SWB (Bott 2019). The importance of heritage can be found in the value for the sensory experiences it provides, as the aesthetic values have been proven as vital contributors to the sense of wellbeing, but also considered as the most personal and individualistic of the socio-cultural types of values (Mason 2002). Furthermore, "human wellbeing is determined by peoples' preferences" derived from the economic theory in which benefits increase wellbeing, and consequently, any cost is expected to decrease wellbeing (Mourato and Mazzanti 2002). ...
This research aims to reveal and discuss state-of-the-art research addressing the relation between built heritage and individuals’ subjective wellbeing (SWB). Through a systematic literature review, fifty-one studies were analyzed. Even if limited, past research confirms the substantial relation between built heritage and subjective wellbeing, and six primary factors and other sub-factors were identified. This paper's originality is found in its focus, being the link between built heritage and subjective wellbeing seldom addressed, and the definition of a six-factor model deduced from the state-of-the-art, as a theoretical framework to support further research. This paper contributes to the ongoing notion of human-centrality in the built environment and the growing trend to give importance to the human experiences within the built heritage context. The results are valuable for academics and policymakers, contributing to a tailored and place-based sustainable urban development.
... Al respecto, nuevas preguntas nos interpelan: ¿Cuáles son los significados sociales del paisaje cultural para cada sociedad? ¿Cuáles son los valores que cada sociedad le adjudica, por ejemplo espirituales, políticos, nacionales, universales, etc.? (de la Torre et Mason, 2002). ¿Qué espacio es otorgado al fenómeno de apropiación del medio? ...
... In the process, principles from the value-based conservation method were used [1]. The purpose of the method is to be able to compile and weight different criteria through a participation process, in order to make objective choices to the highest possible extent. ...
Akershus Castle is one of Norway’s most important historical monuments and is listed with the highest grade of protection. The earlier medieval castle from around the year 1300 is an arena for the Norwegian state and in use for such as government dinners and receptions. The castle is also an important tourist destination and is used for public events like concerts, etc. Until today, people in wheelchair have had to be carried into the buildings due to stairs and differences in levels inside. In the autumn of 2021 five measures that make large parts of the castle accessible, were completed. Making public buildings accessible has high priority in Norway. Having achieved this at Akershus Castle is of great symbolic value. During the process of defining the projects extent and measures the method values-based conservation was applied. This was done through involving several stakeholders in assessing and quantifying an array of values and criteria. On this basis it was possible to define the project, achieve the permits from the heritage authorities and get acceptance from the organisations representing people with disabilities. The result has been very well received by the public, stakeholders and by the cultural heritage authorities.
... The emphasis of conservation CS is about the inheritance and retention of the CS of HBC. Thus, CS is a collective term for CV that was mentioned by ICOMOS Australia (1999); Mason (2002); Pereira Roders (2007); English Heritage (2008); Tarrafa Silva and Pereira Roders (2012). ...
Cucuk Sanggul merupakan perhiasan yang diperbuat daripada emas atau perak dan dipakai di dahi ataupun di kepala. Perhiasan kepala menjadi simbol status keagungan dan kemewahan dalam pakaian cara Melayu. Cucuk Sanggul dikategorikan sebagai bahan aksesori tradisional yang diguna pakai oleh golongan wanita Melayu Nusantara. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa kraf ini hampir pupus kerana kurangnya minat dan kemahiran dari kalangan generasi muda dan reka bentuk Cucuk sanggul sudah ketinggalan zaman dalam dunia yang moden ini. Objektif kajian, menekankan tentang reka bentuk Cucuk Sanggul di dalam konteks gaya identiti dan wanita peradapan Melayu dan mengenalpasti jenis cucuk sanggul. Pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah temu bual dijalankan dalam penyelidikan ini. Kajian ini juga menggunakan beberapa sampel Cucuk Sanggul, daripada koleksi muzium sebagai sumber utama. Dapatan kajian dari kajian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pendokumentasian di samping memelihara reka bentuk Cucuk Sanggul dalam konteks seni warisan bangsa.
... Values surrounding emerging contemporary artist career development Armbrecht (2014) notes how different forms of value are associated with, and created by, cultural institutions, such as social, creative, educational and health related benefits, in addition to any economic impacts (Bille Hansen, 1995;Crossick and Kasznska, 2016). Value can also be viewed in cultural, symbolic, aesthetic, intrinsic and economic terms, or capitals (Holden, 2006;Mason, 2002;Throsby, 1999). More specific contributions include assisting in the development of the artist's identity and accessing social networks in terms of helping emerging artists to leverage relevant contacts in developing their careers. ...
Purpose
The authors consider the role of institutional relationships in providing an exhibition as a launching platform for emerging artists to develop their careers, as well as contributing to the broader creative economy. The authors view this as an entrepreneurial intervention in challenging the status quo through its potential to stimulate artist career development.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected using a case study approach in order to understand the complex inter-relationships between stakeholders of an emerging artists' exhibition at a well-known art institution. A total of 26 interviews were held with a selection of the exhibiting artists, artists from previous years' exhibitions, institution staff, the exhibition selection panel and major prize givers.
Findings
The main relationship value created by the institution as perceived by the exhibiting artists was high-level publicity and exposure of their work. Related benefits such as the potential to build career-enhancing networks were also emphasised. Some of the artists interviewed were aware of the art market structure and how they could create and sustain value within it. Others expressed a lack of awareness of and interest in its operationalisation where more assistance from the institution could help.
Research limitations/implications
This research focussed on the institutional relationships relating to one organisation, albeit one which leads the way in terms of helping to accelerate emerging artist careers. However, best practice lessons emerge from the research in terms of informing similar institutions elsewhere. The authors move beyond quantitative measurement of cultural value activities in developing in-depth qualitative insight into these relationships so that more nuanced understanding is revealed.
Practical implications
There is a need to develop pathways to assist new graduates and for a more strategic focus by art institutions to help develop their careers by creating and sustaining impact and engagement in the marketplace. This will be of interest to policy makers in helping to shape programmes of assistance in the future beyond the art institution. The authors also uncover broader cultural value impacts beyond the exhibition site where these institutional relationships can contribute positively to health and well-being.
Originality/value
The exhibition is one of only a very limited number of similar events throughout the UK and can be viewed as a successful entrepreneurial intervention.
Urbanization in Vietnam is closely linked with administrative, spatial, economic, population, and welfare transitions. Along with the development of sprawl and the continuous peri-urban transformations creating new urban fringe belts, inner-Hanoi, with its radio-centric structure, is also witnessing significant conversion of old housing areas, industrial facilities, public facilities, and specific functional areas that can no longer meet the current needs of the city. In this chapter, we analyze the trends of several urbanization processes, such as “residentialization”, urban renewal, regeneration, reurbanization, and gentrification in Hanoi by comparing specific elements in its developmental context as they relate to both the opportunities and values of these older industrial facilities. To that end, we offer a summary review of legislation and the legislative process involving urban renewal and land readjustment in Hanoi from the viewpoint of both the central and local government and consider ten typical projects for the conversion of old industrial facilities during the past ten years. Our research reveals a large gap between policy and practice and suggests that the time has come for Hanoi and other Vietnamese cities to initiate more sustainable and comprehensive development planning strategies instead of the current focus on individual urban renewal projects.KeywordsHanoiSpatial transformationUrban renewalRegenerationReurbanizationResidentializationPost-socialistOld industrial facilitiesIndustrial heritageDensificationCompact cityCreative cityPrivatizationModernizationIndustrialization
The value of an object or building requires people to view it as something worthy of being valued in the first place, whether economically or culturally. When buildings are valued for their heritage nature, the redevelopment of these buildings is often controversial and contentious. This process is more complicated for historic buildings with negative or stigmatised pasts, such as former asylums. Such buildings are often difficult to access, and stakeholders rarely want to talk about the respective histories – leading to little research in this area. In response, this article examines this controversial domain through the lens of building redevelopment. This is because, at the point of redevelopment, perceptions of value come to the fore and coalesce, giving rise to conflict and debate regarding which type(s) of value are deemed most important by respective stakeholder groups. The article provides a new cross-disciplinary approach that blends academic literature from the disciplines of geography, heritage and real estate with data from practitioners in order to understand the multiplicity of viewpoints that relate to historic sites with difficult histories. Situated within a sample of three former asylum redevelopments, semi-structured interviews with developers, planners, and heritage body professionals have been carried out to understand the values attributed to each site as new use is negotiated. Original findings indicate that aesthetic considerations are ascribed most value. However, this finding is situated within a more complicated picture of the sites’ history. Conclusions suggest that an ‘acceptable level’ of stigma was present which enabled the sites redevelopment without the often-seen controversy of heritage redevelopments.
The essay provides an appraisal of values and significance of the specific heritage in question from the standpoint of different stakeholders, with discussion of tensions between memory and forgetting in representation and commemoration, also taking into account relevant postcolonial aspects of values in this context.
This paper draws on the concept of territorial capital as a set of local, tangible as well as intangible, public as well as private assets that characterizes territories and represents an area’s potential in terms of local, human, artificial, organizational, relational, and/or cognitive competitiveness. This of course encompasses cultural heritage. The consideration of these elements is paramount to defining growth strategies that are custom-tailored to any given region, city, or territory.The above topic highlights the extent to which a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach is warranted to activate effective local development policies. Therefore, models and instruments aimed at valorizing local heritage as a whole ought to be identified and implemented through a working method entailing community involvement and empowerment and based not only on individual building valorization, but also on the relationships linking assets, competencies, and stakeholders.The decision as to new intended uses, for example, should be taken not only based on a general compatibility assessment, but also on the peculiar territorial capital available in an area. Thus, a document illustrating connections with the local relations web and defining possible future scenarios at a large scale should be made compulsory during the pre-design stage in order to more easily identify potential public and private partners.
El Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador fue catalogado como Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad en 1999 por la UNESCO. Dentro del Centro Histórico existen espacios de carácter público que nacieron durante la fundación de la ciudad: Parque Calderón, Parque San Blas, Plaza San Sebastián, Plaza San Francisco, Plazoleta del Carmen de la Asunción y Plazoleta de Santo Domingo. A estos se los conoce como espacios primigenios, es decir, que están vinculados al nacimiento u origen de la ciudad. Debido al inexorable paso del tiempo, estos espacios han sido sujetos de cambio desde su aparición hasta nuestros días. A causa de estos cambios es necesario que se realice una evaluación de ellos y si, con su estado actual, aún conservan la categoría de patrimonial que les fue otorgada con la declaratoria de la UNESCO. El presente trabajo de titulación realiza un diagnóstico del estado actual de las plazas, además de una valoración y comparación entre los valores encontrados hoy en día y los que tenían previo a las intervenciones que se hicieron en ellas desde el año 2004 hasta la actualidad. Para esto, la investigación ocupa tres metodologías: dos creadas en el entorno inmediato y una extranjera. La combinación de estas tres metodologías busca suplir la mayor cantidad de deficiencias que puedan nacer al aplicar solamente una metodología en la evaluación de espacios públicos dentro de contextos históricos relevantes. Palabras Clave: Espacio público. Centro histórico. Valores patrimoniales. Evaluación. Plazas Cuenca. // The Historic Center of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1999 by UNESCO. Within the Historic Center there are public spaces that were born during the foundation of the city: Calderon Park, San Blas Park, San Sebastián Square, San Francisco Square, Plazoleta del Carmen de la Asunción and Plazoleta de Santo Domingo. These are known as primordial spaces, that is, they’re associated with the birth or origin of the city. Due to the inexorable passage of time, these spaces have been subject of change from their apparition till nowadays. Because of these changes, it is necessary to make an evaluation of them and whether, with their current state, they still retain the heritage category that was granted to them with the UNESCO declaration. The present degree work makes an evaluation of the current state of the squares, in addition to an assessment and comparison between the values found today and those the squares had prior to the interventions that were made in them from 2004 till now. To achieve this,
the investigation uses three methodologies: two made in the immediate environment and one from abroad. The combination of these three methodologies seeks to
make up for the greatest number of deficiencies that may arise when applying just one methodology in the evaluation of public spaces within relevant historical
contexts. Keywords: Public space. Historical center. Patrimonial values. Evaluation. Squares Cuenca.
El Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador
fue catalogado como Patrimonio Cultural de la
Humanidad en 1999 por la UNESCO. Dentro del Centro
Histórico existen espacios de carácter público que
nacieron durante la fundación de la ciudad: Parque
Calderón, Parque San Blas, Plaza San Sebastián, Plaza
San Francisco, Plazoleta del Carmen de la Asunción y
Plazoleta de Santo Domingo. A estos se los conoce como
espacios primigenios, es decir, que están vinculados al
nacimiento u origen de la ciudad. Debido al inexorable
paso del tiempo, estos espacios han sido sujetos de
cambio desde su aparición hasta nuestros días.
A causa de estos cambios es necesario que se realice
una evaluación de ellos y si, con su estado actual,
aún conservan la categoría de patrimonial que les fue
otorgada con la declaratoria de la UNESCO.
El presente trabajo de titulación realiza un diagnóstico del
estado actual de las plazas, además de una valoración
y comparación entre los valores encontrados hoy en
día y los que tenían previo a las intervenciones que se
hicieron en ellas desde el año 2004 hasta la actualidad.
Para esto, la investigación ocupa tres metodologías:
dos creadas en el entorno inmediato y una extranjera.
La combinación de estas tres metodologías busca suplir
la mayor cantidad de deficiencias que puedan nacer
al aplicar solamente una metodología en la evaluación
de espacios públicos dentro de contextos históricos
relevantes.
Palabras Clave: Espacio público. Centro histórico. Valores
patrimoniales. Evaluación. Plazas Cuenca.
Today, many churches all around the world are in various states of disrepair, which would be an irreparable loss. This research paper examines the new, mixed or extended adaptive use of underutilised and abandoned ecclesiastical cultural heritage with specific reference to human-centred impact analysis and the creation of added value. Sixty-five (65) international case studies are analysed to explore creative holistic solutions to re-integrating underutilised and disused religious assets back into contemporary urban and rural landscapes. The case study analysis encompasses: ecclesiastical stakeholder valorisation; forms of obsolescence; dimensions of adaptability; interpretation of complex value relationships and human-centred impact analysis. The case study findings indicate that sensitive adaptive reuse of obsolete religious structures to Post Religious Uses has the potential to encourage positive inflows of investment capital with corresponding positive impacts on the economic values attached to new and extended uses in addition to spiritual, cultural, social, environmental and economic values for society. The research proves that churches which are brought back into the contemporary urban fabric of communities has the potential to yield benefits that contribute to sustainable development and contribute to cultural capital.
The development of the optical telegraph in the 19th century was a significant step forward in humanity’s quest for fast and secure telecommunications. The optical telegraph’s network was one of the first vehicles of globalization. It spread quickly over Europe and was displaced just as swiftly by the electric telegraph. Today, the optical telegraph rests in relative obscurity, but it is not trivial.
In Spain, security concerns led to the design of the optical telegraph as an infrastructure of fortified towers, connected by sight. By their nature, its sites form a complex linear landscape that spans across regional boundaries. Even after 150 years of disuse, several of the buildings remain. In many cases, they are conspicuous landmarks on the territory. They bear the memory of a distinct piece of our past. In short, the remnants of the optical telegraph have the potential to be beneficial resources for their associated landscapes, but they have often been underutilized, and they are undeniably at risk. There is an increasingly urgent need to take action before the sites degrade further, but this intervention will only be successful if it comes from a clear understanding of the stations’ distinctive tangible and intangible values.
In this dissertation, I have sought to develop a systematic approach to evaluate the optical telegraph sites that considers their duality as milestones of a trans-regional network and as local heritage objects. Accordingly, I have sought to identify the methods and the criteria that can be used to form an efficient and sustainable framework for intervention. This interpretative framework could feasibly form the foundation for a solid strategy that preserves the optical telegraph sites while capitalizing on the added value they bring to their environments.
Museums increasingly contribute to public development processes that include the promotion of heritage values in everyday urban and rural environments, such as historical buildings, city structures or landscapes. In Denmark taking part in municipal regulation and planning activities in order to safeguard preservation worthy assets in the physical and built environment is a law-given task for museums. This study examined three cultural historical museums as they engaged in heritage promotion and communication processes in the Danish towns Houlkær, Dronninglund and Gedsted. Based on interviews, fieldwork and the analysis of heritage-promoting acts, such as an exhibition, a book, a preservation style guide and public talks, the analysis identify how certain stories, recipients, and communication strategies make up configurations of local heritage and local heirs. While the study found that all three museums strived to stimulate care for heritage values among the public, local heritage and local heirs were configured in numerous ways. Stories worked to configure local heritage as more or less unique or ordinary, scoped by a more or less synchronic or diachronic perspective, and balanced between material or immaterial presences. Local heirs were configured as either inhabitants of certain areas, private house owners or public authorities. Combining places, stories and people museums communicatively configured the local, while they engaged in safeguarding preservation worthy assets in their surrounding societies.
The focus on cities as living heritage and on community-led endeavors challenges urban planning and development systems, and poses increasing complexity around decisions on what attributes and values to protect for future generations in a constantly changing environment. In 2011, UNESCO adopted the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) recommendation and called for the application of a landscape approach to ensure the integration of cultural heritage policies and management concerns in the wider goals of sustainable urban development. Although many scholars have cited the HUL as a tool to manage change and reinterpret the values of urban heritage, over the past decade, heritage management tools and practices have faced limitations in achieving the goals of the HUL approach. These limitations point to a gap between the internal purposes of the HUL approach at the conceptual level and its external reality at the operational level. This paper attempts to address this gap by providing an analytical critique of the values-based decision-making tools, and their guidelines and outcomes. The aim is to determine whether change management tools, and particularly the Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA), share a common heritage discourse with the action plan of the HUL approach. The methodology applied in this study focuses on the research purpose through a qualitative approach, and uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) with inductive strategy to advance the research process. Critical discourse analysis is a qualitative analytical approach for critically describing, interpreting, and explaining the ways in which discourses construct, maintain, and legitimize social inequalities. CDA is an application of discourse analysis, it stems from a critical theory of language which sees the use of language as a form of social practice. CDA is a useful approach for heritage researchers who explore connections between management practices and social contexts. Results show that while the HUL approach refer to the heterodox heritage discourse at the conceptual level, the tools used at the operational level follow the orthodox heritage discourse. This has led to a practice that preferably focuses on the tangible qualities of fabric and historical facts independently of how people perceive and value their heritage. Results also show that while the HUL action plan for assessing and managing urban heritage resources emphasizes a more democratic and participatory approach, a values-based approach, though supposedly placing people at the core of management (through the concept of stakeholder groups), actually tends to promote community involvement within legitimating norms and enforcement of expert rule. We argue that the implicit assumptions in the HIA guidelines derive from the hegemonic discourses in heritage management, rather than from the critical or heterodox discourses. Heterodox heritage studies represent the move away from understanding heritage as an assemblage of artefacts, monuments, sites and manifestations, disconnected from social and political contexts, and towards a contextual understanding of heritage as a discourse. In order to overcome the limitations of conventional change management tools, this study recommends the application of human-centered and context-based approach in values-based decision-making tools. This could make HUL a more effective heritage management tool as a holistic, integrated, and values-based approach.
The relationship between archaeological sites and their immediate surroundings has long been debated, resulting in a shift of focus from the archeological vestiges alone to the physical and social environment in which they are located. In this context, emphasis has formerly been placed on the understanding of problems and potentials of archaeological sites located in urban areas; while, on the other hand, the relationship between archaeological sites and rural landscapes and settlements awaits further investigation.
This study thus aims to investigate the co-existence of archaeological sites and rural settlements as integral components of rural landscapes through a selected case study, i.e. Iasos-Kıyıkışlacık, and is developed in three stages: the formation of a theoretical framework, mainly including the identification of the nature of rural areas and conservation of archaeological heritage; a detailed analysis and evaluation of the case study with its different settlement phases and components; and the development of proposals and strategies for the integrated conservation of the archaeological heritage in its rural setting.
The selected study area, Iasos-Kıyıkışlacık, is a significant example reflecting the close physical and socio-economic relationship between an archaeological site and its rural setting. Such an intricate relationship inevitably produces a series of values, threats and opportunities affecting the conservation of both the archaeological site and its rural setting. Kıyıkışlacık is located on the site of the Iasian necropolis, making use of some archeological remains, mainly the chamber tombs. On the one hand, this overlapping location and architectural reuse provides some sort of protection for the archaeological remains, while on the other hand, it causes problems of and threats to the conservation, presentation and management of the archaeological site as a whole. In this context, this study analyzes the values, threats and opportunities generated by this intertwined relationship between the archaeological site and its rural setting in order to offer a series of proposals and strategies for the integrated conservation of Iasos-Kıyıkışlacık within its physical and socio-economic environment.
While conservation is an important research theme in heritage tourism, studies have typically focused on tourist perceptions from a demand-side perspective. Yet, there is an opportunity to better understand the supply-side of heritage tourism, including how resources are ‘marked’ as heritage sites. This study addresses this gap by applying a value-based approach from the Burra Charter, a well-recognized heritage management and conservation guideline that has been translated and adopted worldwide, to evaluate an urban heritage site: Kung Lee Sugarcane Juice, a traditional herbal tea shop situated in Hong Kong. On-site, field observations were combined with secondary research on three underlying dimensions of heritage value (i.e. historic value, architectural value, and social value) to understand the essential facets of heritage management policy-making. Overall, this research concentrates on the vital role of heritage value in achieving sustainable tourism development.
In Ipoh, Perak, there is a place called Kampung Kuchai. It was a dense settlement with the Malay community at one time. The presence of this area reveals that the Malays have lived in Ipoh for a long time. The question is why the Kampung Kuchai area is not developed like other areas. This study was conducted to raise the potential of Kampung Kuchai as a Malay cultural heritage centre. The study aims to improve the identity of the Malay community and demand the importance of preserving the nation's culture. The researchers have chosen Kampung Kuchai as a case study by conducting site observations and interviewing several respondents who know the area. The strength of this area is not only in the development based on the nation's culture but also in implementing the development of goodwill by highlighting the diversity of building architecture, culture, and local way of life. The researchers found that this area has excellent potential to be developed as a Malay Heritage Center because of its strategic location. It has sufficient resources for developing traditional villages and local historical storytelling, a new tourism product in the Ipoh City Council area.
Due to technological developments, abandoned and damaged Industrial sites in Europe underwent a rapid transformation after World War II. As a reaction to losing these cultural values, the idea of valuing these industrial sites as the heritage of the Industrial Revolution was introduced in the 1950s. Since then, many studies have been conducted on preserving the industrial heritage. In these theoretical and empirical studies, we observe a lack of objective criteria and systematic methodology for identifying a given industrial site as heritage. There are differences in the perceptions of stakeholders, policymakers, and experts about industrial heritage in different countries. This study aims to identify the effective determinants of the registration decisions of industrial heritage sites in Turkey that were previously evaluated for registration. In this study, Ottoman Royal Factories from the 19th century and some important factories of the Early Turkish Republican Era in the first half of the 20th century are investigated, collecting characteristics of a total of 215 buildings from 12 industrial sites in Istanbul, Kocaeli, and Bursa provinces in Turkey. These industrial sites are evaluated based on 22 socio-cultural, architectural, structural, and industrial criteria. A binary logistic regression modeling approach is implemented to identify influential factors in the registration decisions of industrial heritages. Our regression model results reveal that building-specific factors like view, period, uniqueness, reflections of its period, and economic potential play an important role in registration decisions.
Cultural heritage is the resources that reflect the tangible and intangible assets, events and information in the society to which it belongs. In order to protect this heritage with modern, scientific, innovative and sustainable methods, it is necessary to increase the level of social awareness. In particular, activities aiming to increase young people's awareness about cultural heritage and their participation in conservation processes should be developed. This study aimed to share the experiences of the Erasmus+ Youth Exchange project named "From Past to Future", which intended to raise awareness of tangible cultural heritage and its protection among young people and to evaluate the level of achievement/succession of the project. 43 young people from three different countries participated in the "From the Past to the Future" Erasmus+ Youth Exchange project, which spanned an eight-month calendar. In the project, 14 activities prepared with the themes of "what, why and how we protect" were carried out about tangible cultural heritage assets; in addition to the activities, a questionnaire was applied to the participants. The outputs of the activities carried out in the project were interpreted by the experts, and the survey findings were evaluated using descriptive analysis. As a result, it can be said that young people mostly have information about the definition, scope and classification of tangible cultural heritage, they understand the cultural heritage values that are the underlying reason for the conservation of heritage assets, and they are aware that these values can be preserved by increasing the level of social awareness, and they tend to participate in similar projects. These results indicate that the "From the Past to the Future" Erasmus+ Youth Exchange project increases young people's knowledge, experience, sensitivity and awareness about cultural heritage and encourages their participation in conservation processes.
Abstract
The value as a semantic dimension and the product of the positive interaction between human and nature is considered as a key component in the process of conservation of cultural and natural heritage. Review and analysis of the evolution of the concept of the value of the single structure to contexts and beyond its cultural view reveal that as the scale of view changes from micro to macro and approaches to cultural view, intangible aspects find greater importance from one hand, and natural values are considered as an important part of the cultural view on the other hand. Uraman Takht is one of the cities of the Uraman in Iranian Kurdistan province. Cultural view of the Uraman Takht can be introduced as a small part of the Uraman cultural area. Local people in this mountainous climate have had very innovative interaction with their environment over time and this creative process has continued in several aspects so far. Investigating the transformation course of the values from tangible to intangible values. This paper tried to introduce a theoretical framework that includes tangible and intangible achievements of the human and all natural and cultural values from the cultural landscape
Heritage conversation has continuously elicited genuine concern from stakeholders, evokes controversies, and creates disputes in determining its worldview that is truly considered universal. The concern on the adopted Eurocentric perspective of Authorised Heritage Discourse(AHD) and the emerging calls for an Alternative Heritage Discourse (ALHD) constructivist and transformative post-modernist worldview. The sustainability concerns for all indigenous and national cultures that are in accordance with their unique value system are here considered paramount. The study essentially, undertook a critical review of the historical evolution of the heritage discourse, through the three major charters and conventions of 1964, 1972, and 2003 towards contextualising the discourse perspective. The study was undertaken through a critical review of relevant literature chronologically on the heritage subject matter. The study product is the development of a framework for ALHD that is conscious of the indigenous communities’ value systems within Sub-Saharan Africa. The study recommended the use of an integrated heritage discourse framework for the identification, documentation, and conservation of indigenous heritage features and landscapes jointly by all stakeholders towards ensuring that sustainable transgenerational heritage is bequeathed.
The debate on the reuse of religious cultural heritage necessarily revolves around shared meanings and values: heritage communities will be able to discuss and design a future for their religious properties only if they share common languages and criteria of discernment. Nonetheless, there is a risk that a generic call to common ‘values’ will continue to be superficial, rhetorical or ‘appeasing’. Conversely, the dramatic nature of the subject calls for rigorous assessment and selection criteria, the ability to make decisions—including painful ones—without euphemisms, and the courage to embark on ambitious paths of social and architectural regeneration. As a theoretical contribution to the debate, a taxonomy of values is proposed here, based on a process-centred historical approach, founded on the investigation of the ‘formative processes’ behind heritage and its multiple meanings. The aim is to begin to build a shared lexicon—mainly in the field of the relationship between history, memory, and society—capable of accompanying innovative narratives and critical assessment tools. The possibility of assigning specific ‘names’ to ‘values’ will allow a positive interaction between the processes of community discernment and external expertise: in this perspective, each reuse will be considered an additional and creative step, incorporated in a long process of adaptation and resilience, based on a historical sequence of different and coexisting values.KeywordsCultural religious heritageRegenerationArchitectural HistoryValuesUNESCO
ympozjum Egejskie: Papers in Aegean Archaeology is a peer-reviewed sub-series of Warsaw Studies in Archaeology. It has been designed to fulfil the role of a platform for presenting and introducing a wide range of new research approaches and themes within the broad area of Aegean Archaeology. This is primarily achieved through showcasing the work of newcomers to the discipline, in other words those scholars who are currently at the beginning of their research career in the field of Aegean Archaeology, as well as scholars working outside the traditional university structure such as independent scholars, professional field archaeologists, museum curators, and conservators. It is our hope that this series will serve as a concise guide to the most recent research undertaken by early career scholars and the diverse and inspiring new trends in the archaeology of the Prehistoric Aegean, as well as shining a light on the future direction of the discipline.
This research explores the issue of local management system governing the heritage preservation in UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) Stadthuys, Melaka. Thus far, there is no clearly defined value of cultural heritage that justifies the benefits of preserving cultural heritage as a tourism product and as a sustainable heritage site. Most studies have proven that visitors in general are less interested in visiting cultural heritage sites due to the lack of information available there. Another issue identified in the recent research on cultural heritage assessment is the lack of empirical references on the economic valuation of cultural heritage preservation. This study used contingent valuation method (CVM) and questionnaire for data collection. Four sets of questionnaires were designed and distributed to a total of 100 respondents consisting of local community and domestic tourists. On average, respondents are willing to pay RM8.82, in which this value is higher than the current fee, RM5.00, showing that visitors have the awareness to value cultural heritage through preservation in Stadthuys, Melaka, WHS. Finally, this research has established a framework to be considered by the management regarding the WTP value of the cultural heritage in order to create a more sustainable Melaka Historical City.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.