A note on Bandel’s 2007 review of the classification and phylogeny of the Strombidae (Caenogastropoda).

Abstract

By considering Lambis Röding, 1798, a subgenus of Strombus Linnaeus, 1758, two cases of secondary
homonymy are introduced by Bandel (2007), viz. Strombus rugosus and S. robustus. These cases and some additional nomenclatorial subjects are discussed.

Full text

Vol. 73, No. 1-3, pp. 1-96 Leiden, 26-X-2009
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A note on Bandel’s 2007 review of the classification and phylogeny of the
Strombidae (Caenogastropoda)
Gijs C. KRONENBERG
Milieu Educatie Centrum, P.O. Box 435, NL-4500 AK Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
adsl711249@telfort.nl
By considering Lambis Röding, 1798, a subgenus of Strombus Linnaeus, 1758, two cases of sec-
ondary homonymy are introduced by Bandel (2007), viz. Strombus rugosus and S. robustus.
These cases and some additional nomenclatorial subjects are discussed.
Key words: Caenogastropoda, Strombidae, homonymy, unavailable names.
INTRODUCTION
Bandel (2007) introduced a number of new taxa, both at family and genus level with-
in the superfamily Stromboidea. Undoubtedly, these new taxa will be evaluated in the
future.
Within the family Strombidae Bandel considers all genus level taxa to be subgenera
of Strombus Linnaeus, 1758, including the long-standing genus Lambis Röding, 1798. This
action created two cases of secondary homonymy, unnoticed by Bandel, that will be
briefly addressed. Bandel also re-installed some names that were discussed by Abbott
(1960) or subsequent authors (Bieler & Petit, 1996; Kronenberg & Dharma, 2005), that are
either junior synonyms or unavailable names. These will be mentioned here briefly.
SECONDARY HOMONYMS
If Bandel’s (2007) classification of the genus Strombus would be accepted, the follow-
ing two cases of homonymy would be a consequence.
1, Pteroceras rugosum Sowerby, 1842 [regarded as the male form of Lambis (Harpago)
chiragra Linnaeus, 1758 (Abbott, 1961), currently assigned to Harpago as a genus] would
become a junior secondary homonym of Strombus rugosus Sowerby, 1825 [formerly
regarded as a subspecies of Strombus erythrinus Dillwyn, 1817 (Abbott, 1960) but subse-
quently accepted as a species by Abbott (1967); currently known as Canarium rugosum].
Although the synonymy of P. rugosum with H. chiragra is widely accepted, this synonymy
may in fact not be correct. Specimens that roughly have the characters of the so-called
male form of H. chiragra have been encountered in French Polynesia, but appear to be
male and female (Jean Letourneux pers. comm.). Such specimens need to be carefully
compared with the type specimen(s) of P. rugosum (type locality: “South Seas”), the
whereabouts of which are unknown. They were not found in the type collection of The
Natural History Museum (London) during a visit in December 2008. It is known howev-
er, that some type specimens are still in the general collection of the Natural History
Museum (Kathie Way, pers. comm.). For P. rugosum there is no other name available (fide
Abbott, 1961), so if Bandel’s scheme was to be adopted, a new name would be required for
Pteroceras rugosum Sowerby, 1842.
2, Strombus robustus Sowerby, 1875 [provisionally accepting Bandel’s (2007) new taxon
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(as a subgenus) Margistrombus, currently known as Margistrombus robustus (Sowerby,
1874)] would become a junior secondary homonym of Pterocera robusta Swainson, 1821,
currently known as Lambis robusta (Swainson, 1821). For S. robustus probably the name
Strombus (Dolomena) sowerbyorum Visser & Man in ‘t Veld, 2005, might be available (for a
preliminary discussion, see Kronenberg, 2008). Currently samples are being studied by
Monsecour & Wiersma, and their results will be published elsewhere (pers. comm.).
SYNONYMS AND UNAVAILABLE NAMES
Strombella Schlüter, 1838. Bandel, 2007: 143. The type species of Strombella is Strombus
pugilis Linnaeus, 1758 (by monotypy). Therefore, Strombella is to be considered a junior
synonym of Strombus Linnaeus, 1758, with the same type species, by subsequent designa-
tion (Montfort, 1810) ( ICZN Art. 43.1).
Monodactylus Klein, 1753. Bandel, 2007: 145. The generic name Monodactylus is not
available from Klein, as it is a pre-Linnaean work (ICZN Art. 3 & 8.7.1). Monodactylus
Lacépède, 1800, is a genus in Pisces. For further discussion see Abbott (1960: 125).
Dolomena Iredale, 1931. Bandel, 2007: 152. The generic name Dolomena is not available
from Iredale, 1931, as it is a nomen nudum. It should be attributed to Wenz, 1940. For fur-
ther discussion see Kronenberg & Dharma (2005).
Gallinula Klein, 1753. Bandel, 2007: 153. The generic name Gallinula is not available
from Klein, as it is a pre-Linnaean work (ICZN Art. 3 & 8.7.1). Gallinula Brisson, 1760, is a
genus in Aves. For further discussion see Abbott (1960: 107).
Laevistrombus Kira, 1955. Bandel, 2007: 153. The generic name Laevistrombus is not
available from Kira, 1955, as it is a nomen nudum. It should be attributed to Abbott, 1960.
For further discussion see Bieler & Petit (1996).
Doxander Iredale, 1931. Bandel, 2007: 152. The generic name Doxander is not available
from Iredale, 1931, as it is a nomen nudum. It should be attributed to Wenz, 1940. For fur-
ther discussion see Kronenberg & Dharma (2005).
DISCUSSION
Bandel’s (2007) classification of the Strombidae, viz. the recognition of a single genus
Strombus, that is subdivided into subgenera including Lambis, is in sharp contrast with
most recent literature on this family, that recognises (most of) the taxa given the rank of
subgenus by Abbott (1960, 1961, 1967), as genera. This recognition as genera is primarily
based on morphological and biogeographical data; see e.g. Kronenberg & Vermeij (2002)
and some preliminary molecular analysis (Yokogawa, 1999) and anatomical data (Simone,
2005). Based on molecular research, Latiolais et al. (2006) confirmed some of the conclu-
sions drawn by Kronenberg & Vermeij (e.g. the monophyly of a clade consisting of the
Recent Caribbean + Panamic + West African Strombidae). It should be noted however, that
many Indo-Pacific species and some genera, such as Doxander Wenz, 1940, and
Mirabilistrombus Kronenberg, 1998, were not included in the analysis by Latiolais et al.
(2006).
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