New Distributional Records for Four Species of Stromboidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Australasia

Full text

47
The Beagle , Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territor y,
2005
21
: 47–51
Short communication
New distributional records for four species of Stromboidea
(Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Australasia
GIJS C. KRONENBERG
1
AND BUNJAMIN DHARMA
2
1
Milieu Educatie Centrum, P.O. Box 435, NL-5600 AK,
THE NETHERLANDS
corresponding author: gijs.kronenberg@tiscali.nl
2
Tawakal VI/16, Grogol, Jakarta 11440,
INDONESIA
bdharma@dnet.net.id
KEY WOR D S
: Mollusca, Gastr op od a, Stromboidea ,
Rostell ar iell a,
Mirabilistrombus
,
Eupr otom us
,
Dolome na
,
Indo-Pacifi c, distribution.
INTRODUCTION
Recently the second author acquired some specimens of
Mirabilistrombus listeri
(T. Gray, 1852) and
Rostellariella
delicatula
(Nevill, 1881) from the Arafura Sea, between
the Aru Islands and Arnhem Land coast of the Northern
Territory, Australia. As this locality is a long way from the
presently known distribution of these species according to
the literature and therefore quite unexpected, we put these
new localities on record here. Kronenberg (2002) gave
only Indian Ocean localities for
Euprotomus aurora
in
the original description. Since then, some more localities
have come to the attention of the authors, and we take
the opportunity to record those as well. This is also the
case for
Dolomena hickeyi
, originally described from off
Queensland and Papua New Guinea (Willan 2000), but
now realised as widely distributed in the south-western
Pacifi c.
Base d on conchological char acters, it has been
advocated that the genus
Strombus
sensu Abbott (1960)
is not monophyletic (e.g. Kronenberg and Vermeij 2002).
Recently, this has been confi rmed on the basis of anatomical
studies (Simone 2005) and molecular evidence (Latiolais
2003). The name
Strombus
should only be employed for
a clade consisting of the American Recent (Neotropical)
species and their fossil ancestors, and will probably also
include the West African
Strombus latus
(Kronenberg
and Vermeij 2002; Latiolais 2003; Kronenberg and Lee in
prep.). To overcome this non-monophyletic use of
Strombus
for all Indo-Pacifi c species, we use the strombid taxa
employed as subgenera by Abbott (1960) as full genera,
but emphasising at the same time we do not advocate the
elevation of all Abbott’s subgenera to generic status. For
instance, some allocations by Abbott have already shown to
be erroneous (Moolenbeek and Dekker 1993; Kronenberg
1998; Kronenberg and Vermeij 2002; Kronenberg and Lee
in prep. and references in those papers).
ABBREVIATIONS USED
BDJI Bunjamin Dharma, Jakarta, Indonesia
GKEN Gijs C. Kronenberg, Eindhoven,
The Netherlands
HDWN Henk Dekker, Winkel, The Netherlands
MBWN Matthijs A. Bouwknegt, Wageningen,
The Netherlands
NTM Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern
Territory, Darwin, Australia
TBCM Tim Blackwood, Cohasset, Minnesota, USA
VLFI Virgilio Liverani, Faenza, Italy
WBFT Winston Barney, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS
F
amily Rostellariidae Gabb, 1868
For recognition of Rostellariidae as a family,
see Kronenberg and Burger (2002).
Genus
R
ostellariella
Thiele, 1929
For recognition of
Rostellariella
as a genus,
see Kronenberg and Burger (2002).
Rostellariella delicatula
(Nevill, 1881)
(Fig. 1A, B)
Previously known distribution
(taken from literature):
northern part of the Indian Ocean, from Gulf of Aden to
Sumatra, including Bay of Bengal (Walls 1980; Kronenberg
and Berkhout 1984; DeTurck
et al.
1999); Vietnam, off
Khanh Hoa province (Thach 2005).

48
G. C. Kronenberg and B. Dharma
New distributional record.
Arafura Sea, between Aru
and Australia, where three specimens were trawled alive at
approximately 144 m (originally indicated as 80 fathoms)
in black mud by Indonesian fi shermen.
Remarks.
It is quite surprising to have this record of
the well-known
Rostellariella delicatula
in the Arafura
Sea so soon after the discovery of another species of this
genus from roughly the same area (Morrison 2005). So
far
R. delicatula
has not been collected together with
R.
lorenzi
Morrison, 2005.
The record from Vietnam (Thach 2005) concerns one
single specimen illustrated in Thach (2005: pl. 16, fi g. 3),
and is the fi rst record of this species from off Vietnam.
This specimen was found at a depth of 80–100 m (Thach
pers. comm. to GKEN, May 2005).
As Melvill and Standen (1905) mention a mud substrate
in their paper, we suspect that the habitat is the same for the
Indian Ocean specimens and the Arafura Sea specimens
reported herein. Melvill and Standen (1905) also report
specimens from the Persian Gulf (24°49’N, 55°56’E) at
a depth of 250 fathoms (approximately 450 m), but this
locality appears to be erroneous because it plots out to be
on the mainland of the Arabian Peninsula. Other localities
given by Melvill and Standen, with depths varying from
140 to 175 fathoms (approximately 250–315 m), from the
Gulf of Oman are more credible.
Family Strombidae Rafi nesque, 1815
Genus
Mirabilistrombus
Kronenberg, 1998
Mirabilistrombus listeri
(T. Gray, 1852)
Mirabilistrombus listeri (T. Gray, 1852)Mirabilistrombus listeri
(Fig. 1C, D)
Previously known distribution
(taken from literature):
Gulf of Oman; northwest Indian Ocean; Bay of Bengal
(Okutani 1965; Walls 1980; Kronenberg and Berkhout
1984; DeTurck
et al.
1999).
New distributional record.
Arafura Sea, between Aru
and Australia, where fi ve dead specimens were trawled at
approximately 144 m (originally indicated as 80 fathoms)
by Indonesian fi shermen. One specimen was still fresh
with the typical colour pattern (Fig. 1C), but the pattern
had faded in the other specimens, and they had a more or
less uniform brown colour (Fig. 1D).
Remarks.
The taxonomic placement of this species has
been controversial. Abbott (1960) placed it in the subgenus
Doxander
Iredale. Iredale (1931), however, only gave a
name and no description, and therefore
Doxander
Iredale,
Doxander Iredale, Doxander
1931 is a nomen nudum and not available (ICZN art. 13).
We have found no earlier reference prior to that of Wenz
(1940) wherein the name
Doxander
was made available,
so the name
Doxander
should be attributed to Wenz, 1940.
Doxander should be attributed to Wenz, 1940. Doxander
Okutani (1965) allocated this species to
Euprotomus
Gill,
1870, but is was re-allocated to
Doxander
by Walls (1980).
Kronenberg and Berkhout (1984) followed Okutani. Based
on conchological evidence, Kronenberg (1998) described
Mirabilistrombus
as a new genus to accomodate this
species.
The species has been reported as living at depths of 120
m (as 67 fathoms) (Abbott 1960) and 40–80 m (Kronenberg
and Berkhout 1984). The Arafura Sea record is from
slightly deeper water.
Genus
Euprotomus
Gill, 1870
Euprotomus aurora
Kronenberg, 2002
(Fig. 1E, F)
Previously known distribution
(taken from literature):
Indian Ocean localities listed by Kronenberg (2002).
Additional records: Japan, Mikawa; Philippines, Bohol and
Cebu; Australia, Northern Territory, Darwin (Monsecour
2004); Indonesia, Java, west coast (Dharma 2005).
New distributional records
. Papua New Guinea, East
Cape (10°15’S, 150°52’E), H.T. Williams, c. 1935, NTM
P2357, 1 specimen; Indonesia, south of Sunda Strait, 2
specimens; Palabuhan Ratu, south-west Java, 1 specimen;
Pangandaran, south-west Java, 13 specimens; east Java, 1
specimen, all coll. BDJI.
New fossil record
. KENYA, locality 2a: Quarry in
reef-limestone, eastern shore of Mombassa Harbour, just
north east of the Swimming Club at English Point, as
Strombus auris-dianae
(sic) (Cox 1930: 137). Cox also
mentioned the Pleistocene of Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania).
Remarks
. There is no doubt about the authenticity of
the Papua New Guinea specimen recorded here. In NTM
there is an original, hand-written statement by Mrs Thea
J. Williams on 24 October 1983 to the Museum’s Director
donating the collection of her late husband, Rev. Henry T.
Williams, to the Museum on fi le. Rev. Williams served as
a missionary for 16 years on islands off Papua New Guinea
between 1930 and 1946 (Richard C. Willan pers. comm.
to GKEN May 2005).
The specimens in the BDJI collection and the specimen
from Darwin (Monsecour 2004) partially fi ll in the gap
bet ween the Indian Ocean distr ibution as originally
reported by Kronenberg (2002) and the Papua New Guinea
specimen reported herein. The Indonesian records in the
BDJI collection probably represent viable populations,
given the number of specimens encountered. The Darwin
(Monsecour 2004) and Papua New Guinea (herein) records
are probably incidental fi ndings however, possibly from
larvae being carried in some fashion to those localities, as
Willan (2005) does not mention this species from Ashmore,
Cartier and Hibernia reefs (Timor Sea), nor a population
near Darwin, an area often visited by R.C. Willan (pers.
comm. to GKEN).
The Philippine and Japanese records by Monsecour
(2004) cannot be accepted unreservedly. The Japanese
record is especially questionable, as it is very far from the
established distribution range. Both
Euprotomus bulla
(Röding, 1798) and
E. aurisdianae
(Linnaeus, 1758)
occur in the Philippines (Springsteen and Leobrera 1986)

49
New distributional records for Australian Stromboidea
and southern Japan (Higo
et al.
1999), and a mix up of
samples at the hands of a shell dealers can easily happen
(pers. obs. GKEN).
According to Monsecour (pers. comm. to GKEN, May
2005) the specimen he reported from Cebu, collected by
Mike Filmer, is a genuine record, as Filmer only collected
specimens he had found personally. More records from the
Philippines however are needed to verify the existence of
E. aurora
from that area.
Nevertheless, it is remarkable that so soon after
the descr iption of th is species, at first b elieved as
being endemic to the Indian Ocean, records from the
Pacifi c Basin are emerging, a matter that needs further
investigation.
Fig. 1.A, B
,
Rostellariella delicatula
(Nevill, 1881). Arafu ra Sea, taken at approximately 144 m by Indonesian fi sher men, length 51.2 mm
BDJI collection (photo Bunjamin Dharma);
C, D
,
Mirabilistrombus listeri
(T. Gray, 1852). Arafura Sea, taken at approximately 144 m by
Indonesian fi shermen;
C
,
Length 113.8 mm, BDJI collection;
D
,
length 114 mm, GKEN collection no. 6293 (photo Bunjamin Dharma);
E,
F
,
Euprotomus aurora
Kronenberg, 2002. Papua New Guinea, East Cape, leg. H.T. Williams, c. 1935, length 63.5 mm NTM P2357
(photo NTM);
G, H
,
Dolomena hickeyi
(Willan, 2000). Philippines, Cebu, Punta Engaño, length 48 mm (photo Douglas Tolrud).

50
G. C. Kronenberg and B. Dharma
Genus
Dolomena
Wenz, 1940
As mentioned above for
Doxander
, the genus
Doxander, the genus Doxander
Dolomena
has long been attributed to Iredale (Abbott 1960; Walls
1980; Kronenberg and Berkhout 1984; DeTurck
et al.
1999;
Raven 2002). As for
Doxander,
Iredale (1931) only gave a
name and no description, and therefore
Dolomena
Iredale,
1931 is a nomen nudum and not available (ICZN art. 13).
We have found no earlier reference prior to that of Wenz
(1940), wherein the name
Dolomena
was made available.
Therefore the name
Dolomena
should be attributed to
Wenz (1940).
Dolomena hickeyi
(Willan, 2000)
Dolomena hickeyi (Willan, 2000)Dolomena hickeyi
(Fig. 1G–H)
Previously known distribution
(taken from literature):
Papua New Guinea and easter n coast of Queensland,
Australia (Willan 2000); Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu; Sabah,
Malawali Island; and Brunei, Jerudong (Raven 2002);
Indonesia, Karimata Strait (Dharma 2005).
New distributional records.
THAILAND: Andaman
Sea, Kor Bon, WBFT, 6 specimens (see below); Gulf of
Thailand, Pattani, taken from fi shermen’s nets, September
1998, HDWN coll. no. 2011, 5 specimens; Ban Pak Nam
Sakom, 60 km west of Pattani (6°57’N, 100°49’36”E);
local fi shery. January 2000, HDWN coll. no. 4285, 1
specimen; MALAYSIA: Johor, Sedili, ex Ng Hiong Eng,
VLFI coll. no. 617-09, 1 specimen; Borneo, near wreck
‘
Hajicki Maru
‘Hajicki Maru‘
’, ex H. Morrison, VLFI coll. no. 617-07, 1
specimen. SINGAPORE: WBFT collection, 2 specimens;
VIETNAM: off Nha Trang, VLFI coll. no. 617-02, 1
specimen; INDONESIA: North West Sumatra, Sibolga,
7 specimens; West Borneo, Tanjung Batu, 7 specimens;
West Borneo, Pajantan Island, 1 specimen; Karimata Strait,
between Kalimantan and Sumatra, 6 specimens, East Java,
4 specimens, all BDJI collection; PHILIPPINES: Mindoro,
Puerto Galera area, Sabang, on sandy substrate at 19 m
using scuba, 1 empty shell, M. Bouknegt, 18 December
2004; Cebu, Punta Engaño, TBCM collection; PAPUA
NEW GUINEA: New Britain, Rabaul (ex Lamprell
coll.), VLFI coll. no. 617-05, 2 specimens; SOLOMON
ISLANDS: Guadalcanal, Honiara bay, by diver, VLFI coll.
no. 617-03, 1 specimen.
Remarks
.
Dolomena hickeyi
was originally described
in
Labiostrombus
Oostingh, 1925 (as a subgenus of
Strombus
) by Willan (2000). We do not concur with this
view, and prefer to assign this species to
Dolomena
based
on shell morphology, as indicated by Abbott (1960).
More research however is needed, especially regarding
the assignment of several species currently assigned to
Dolomena
, see also the remarks made by Kronenberg and
Vermeij (2002) on shell morphology within Strombidae.
After the publication by Raven (2002) it was predictable
that more localities would become known for this species.
Although a number of the samples mentioned above have
minimal locality data, we are convinced that the species
actually lives in, or near, the areas mentioned. However,
the Kor Bon record and the Singapore record (both from
WBFT collection) need confi rmation (WBFT in e-mail to
GKEN May 2005). The Singapore record may be referable
to specimens actually collected in Karimata Strait.
The specimens from both Ban Pak Nam Sakom and
Pattani were probably collected within a range of 100 km
from those places, at a maximum depth of 50 m, but rather
at 15–35 m (e-mail HDWN to GKEN May 2005). The
Punta Engaño specimen (TBCM collection) may actually
be from another Philippine locality, as shell dealers use
Punta Engaño as a ‘catch all’ locality in the Philippines.
Bouwknegt (e-mail to GKEN May 2005) provided
detailed information on the specimen he found at Sabang,
Mindoro:
“I found the shell on the evening of 18 December 2004
during a dive to the three small shipwrecks lying on a
sandy bottom at 19 m depth, off the beach of Sabang.
Near the largest wreck, which stands upright, there is
sometimes a very weak current at the bow. This results in
some shell grit being deposited and I found the shell in this
grit. Although empty, without any remains of soft parts
or smell, the shell is perfect, even the rim of the aperture
has no scratches or dullness; this indicates, I think, that
the species actually lives very near that spot (a gently
sloping sandy bottom, with hardly any overgrowth).
Only at 10 m there is some coverage and coral heads and
only at depths below 30 m there is more coral gravel with
coverings. The weak current can sometimes be detected,
but appears to me as not being strong enough to make
signifi cant transport along the bottom plausible.”
In the original description (Willan 2000), this species
was compared with the (par tly) sympat ric
Dolomena
pulchella
(Reeve);
D. dilatata
(Swainson);
D.
minima
(Linnaeus) and the allopatric
D.
columba
(Lamarck). It
appears that it may also be confused with
D.
dilatata
for m
orosmina
( Duclos) sensu Abbott (1960) (pers.
obs. authors; WBFT in e-mail). Based on Raven (2002),
Dolomena hickeyi
and
Dolomena dilatata
form
orosmina
(Duclos, 1844) sensu Abbott (1960) can be distinguished.
The situation within this group of species (i.e.
Dolomena
dilatata
sensu Abbott including
Dolomena hickeyi
) is
not completely resolved however, and shall be discussed
elsewhere (Kronenberg and Raven in prep.).
This species is probably rather common in Indonesia, as
the second author has observed over a hundred specimens
in a box at a shell dealer’s shop in Jakarta.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the Indonesian fi shermen for giving us an
opportunit y to study the specimens of
Rostellariella
delicatula
and
Mirabilistrombus listeri
from the Arafura
Sea. We also thank Dr Richard Willan, NTM, for making
us aware of the Papua New Guinea record of
Euprotomus
aurora
and photographing that specimen; Mr Matthijs A.
Bouwknegt, Wageningen, The Netherlands, for detailed
information about his discovery of
Dolomena hickeyi
,

51
New distributional records for Australian Stromboidea
and a photograph of his specimen; Mr Winston Barney,
Fort Worth, Texas, USA ; Mr Henk Dekker, Winkel, The
Netherlands; Mr Tim Blackwood, Cohasset, Minnesota,
USA; and Mr Virgilio Liverani, Faenza, Italy, kindly
shared the data of their specimens of
Dolomena hickeyi
with us, Mr Douglas Tolrud, Cohasset, Minnesota, USA,
for photographing the specimen of
D. hickeyi
from the Tim
D. hickeyi from the Tim D. hickeyi
Blackwood collection. The fi rst author wishes to thank Dr
Philippe Bouchet, Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris, France, for drawing our attention to the Iredale (1931)
publication; and Ms Marianne Matthijssen, Eindhoven,
The Netherlands, for her continuing support. We also thank
Dr Richard Willan for kindly reading the manuscript and
valuable suggestions for improvement.
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