Digital Control of Dynamic Systems
Abstract
This well-respected work discusses the use of digital computers in the real-time control of dynamic systems. The emphasis is on the design of digital controls that achieve good dynamic response and small errors while using signals that are sampled in time and quantized in amplitude.
MATLAB statements and problems are thoroughly and carefully integrated throughout the book to offer readers a complete design picture. Many of the figures in the book were created by Matlab files, which are available to download at the link below for interested readers.
... The monthly sales of one year for a company are given as follows (in thousands $). The following data set was taken from [16]. The objective is to find a parabolic function fitting model, and use it for the predication of the monthly sales in the future years. ...
... Apparently, this adds a useful way to deal with harmful adversary injection and may naturally enhance the security of cyber-physical systems. ⋄ Remark 3.5: In solving the posed scenario optimization problem in (16), the soft-max approximation is used. However, it might be computationally unstable due to the use of (17). ...
... ⋄ Remark 3.6: The pole-placement method is used in formulating the uncertain optimization problem in (16). However, a possible question is that the learned control coefficients may render an unstable closed-loop system, because the coefficients mismatch with those of the desired polynomial P(s) may lead to the unstable roots. ...
This paper addresses the problem of distributed optimization with uncertainties for multiagent systems. We propose a new distributed consensus scenario approach, handling uncertainties through a scenario program method. An approximate solution is developed, followed by a distributed estimation algorithm to manage large data volumes without a centralized approach. Our design inherently offers robustness against adversarial attacks and preserves data privacy. We provide rigorous convergence analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through application examples in regression and robust internal model control. This work presents a significant step towards holistic solutions for optimization in safety-critical multiagent systems.
... Métodos de estimativa ótima são atraentes porque lidam facilmente com sistemas de múltiplas saídas e permitem que um projetista determine rapidamente muitos bons candidatos para a matriz L de ganho do estimador (FRANKLIN et al., 1998). ...
... De acordo com Franklin et al. (1998), as equações para o estimador atual sãô ...
... Segundo Franklin et al. (1998), supondo que tenhamos um processo estático linear dado por ...
This dissertation presents the development of a methodology for designing robust neuro-adaptive controllers, based on a reference model associated with an artificial neural network of radial basis functions (ANN-RBF) for solid fuel suborbital rockets. The modelling and neuro-adaptive robust control algorithms for these rockets are presented. Initially, the methodology is evaluated for a robust controller based on a reference model with ANN-RBF for altitude control. The main objective of the control is to be able to suppress the effect of non-linear uncertainties inherent in the process. The method involves mathematical and computational modelling, together with the design of adaptive controllers for stability and performance analysis. The controllers considered include MRAC (Model Reference Adaptive Control) techniques and an MRNAC (Model Reference Neuro-Adaptive Control) approach. The analysis, carried out using computer simulations, evaluates the behaviour of each controller in relation to system stability and performance. The final objective is to select the most suitable controller for the suborbital rocket, taking into account the system constraints, robust performance requirements, robust stability and optimal adaptability. This research promotes the development of adaptive controllers for suborbital rockets, with possible applications in scientific research and commercial launches.
... A válvula de mistura é apresentada em detalhes na Fig. 2 (Franklin et. al, 1998). Logo, considera-se que a válvula apresenta a Eq. (1) II Congresso Brasileiro de Energia Solar e III Conferência Regional Latino-Americana da ISES -Florianópolis, 18 a 21 de novembro de 2008 ...
Algumas vezes, em processos industriais, existem fontes baratas de calor e a necessidade do aquecimento de certos produtos ou equipamentos. Essas fontes baratas de calor não fornecem uma fonte de energia constante. Por outro lado, os produtos ou equipamentos não devem ser aquecidos aleatoriamente, exigindo assim uma especificação previamente definida em termos de aquecimento. Esses fatos usualmente levam à exigência de sistemas de controle automático, para a transferência de energia térmica destas fontes para os produtos ou equipamentos. Uma dessas fontes de energia barata e alternativa que pode ser ressaltada é a energia solar, que foi abordada neste trabalho, porém levando mais em conta a parte do controle no aproveitamento desta energia. Neste trabalho foi estudado o uso da energia solar, captada através de aquecedores solares residenciais para aquecer um fluxo constante de ar. A temperatura ambiente, e a temperatura do aquecedor solar, variam no decorrer do tempo, já que a energia solar não é uma fonte constante de energia. O projeto basicamente consiste em uma serpentina, que passa por dentro do aquecedor, onde o ar será aquecido devido às trocas de calor. Em seguida, a serpentina passa por uma válvula de mistura, onde o fluxo de ar já aquecido pode ser misturado ao ar à temperatura ambiente, caso a temperatura do ar aquecido seja maior do que a temperatura desejada. A seguir, o fluxo de ar passa por um aquecedor secundário que somente será ligado caso a temperatura do ar aquecido esteja abaixo de uma temperatura desejada. Uma aplicação deste sistema de controle de temperatura do fluxo de ar é no projeto de sistemas de desidratação de frutas.
... We consider a discrete Proportional-Integrator (PI) [10] ...
We consider the problem of providing service guarantees in a high-speed packet switch. As basic requirements, the switch should be scalable to high speeds per port, a large number of ports and a large number of traffic flows with independent guarantees. Existing scalable solutions are based on Virtual Output Queuing, which is computationally complex when required to provide service guarantees for a large number of flows. We present a novel architecture for packet switching that provides support for such service guarantees. A cost-effective fabric with small external speedup is combined with a feedback mechanism that enables the fabric to be virtually lossless, thus avoiding packet drops indiscriminate of flows. Through analysis and simulation, we show that this architecture provides accurate support for service guarantees, has low computational complexity and is scalable to very high port speeds.
This paper considers initial undershoot in the step response of discrete-time, input-output Hammerstein (DIH) systems, which have linear unforced dynamics and nonlinear zero dynamics (ZD). Initial undershoot occurs when the step response of a system moves initially in a direction that is opposite to the direction of the asymptotic response. For DIH systems, the paper investigates the relationship among the existence of initial undershoot, the step height, the height-dependent delay, and the stability of the ZD. For linear, time-invariant systems, the height-dependent delay specializes to the relative degree. The main result of the paper provides conditions under which, for all sufficiently small step heights, initial undershoot in the step response of a DIH system implies instability of the ZD. Several examples of DIH systems are presented to illustrate these results.
One of the main goals and critical steps of a transfer path analysis campaign is the identification of operational forces. Installing force sensors for direct measurements in the transfer paths is either impractical or may significantly change the system’s dynamics, which leads to a range of estimation methods with varying degrees of accuracy and complexity. Recently, a Kalman filtering technique with dummy measurements was proposed as an inverse estimation method based only on acceleration data. To avoid drifts in the estimated forces, the dummy sensors’ experimental covariance is included in the uncertainty model. Such an approach seeks to reduce the design and validation phases of a product’s life cycle through non-intrusive force measurement techniques. This work analyses the effectiveness of this method to identify multiple inputs in an academic powertrain test rig, which allows for direct force measurements. Results show a good correlation between actual forces and those estimated via the proposed method, validating the Kalman filter with dummy measures as a reliable alternative to the classic TPA method.
The paper describes low-cost hardware-based analog and digital real-time circuit simulators for the development of power electronics control circuits. During the process of designing and developing digital control circuits for power electronics systems, preliminary verification of control algorithms is required. For this purpose, software simulators such as Pspice, Psim, Matlab-Simulink, and many others are commonly used. Afterward, the developed control algorithm is implemented in the digital control system. For further verification of the implemented control algorithms, a hardware-based analog or digital simulator can be utilized. The paper presents the author’s proposed analog simulators. In the digital version of the simulator, TMS320F28388D microcontroller with 200 MHz clock was used. These simulators have demonstrated their usefulness in the development of power electronics systems.
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