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Determining Sample Size for Research Activities
... This access encourages entrepreneurship, investment in education and health, and job creation, all of which contribute to sustainable economic growth and development. Push factors are conditions or circumstances that drive individuals or businesses away from a particular situation or location, such as lack of access to finance or poor infrastructure (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970;Tuesta, 2019;Whyley, 2018) Financial inclusion in Nigeria's has seen notable improvements but yet challenges persist particularly in the North Central Nigeria as reported by (EFInA Access to Finance (A2F) Survey 2024). This Survey offers valuable insights into the financial behaviors, challenges, and opportunities of individuals and businesses in Nigeria. ...
... Despite all the government effort to improve financial inclusion in Nigeria, there remains a significant portion of the population in the North Central region that is either underserved or entirely excluded from the financial system. Efforts to improve financial inclusion in this region seem to be abortive because of the unattractiveness of the nature of the Nigeria financial system to the MSMEs owners and other institutional investors (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970;Tuesta, 2019). In view of the forgoing, this study attempts to give insight into factors that may contribute either way to the degree of financial of inclusion among MSMEs owners in the North Central Nigeria as it is analyze in the subsequent paragraph. ...
... Some studies (Adekunle, Bekun, et al., 2023;Adekunle, 2024) stated that gathering can provide advice and encourage the use of formal financial services. Social influence, as noted by (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970), plays a role in shaping financial choices. Thus, social networks could be powerful tools for enhancing financial inclusion Size of business plays a key role in influencing the financial inclusion in North Central Nigeria. ...
Financial inclusion of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) owners has been identified as a vital component of the global development agenda, notably emphasized during the G20 Seoul Summit in 2020. It plays a critical role in fostering economic growth, alleviating poverty, and strengthening financial stability. However, many MSME owners remain financially excluded due to their inherent characteristics and the perceived unattractiveness of financial services. This issue is particularly prevalent in North Central Nigeria, where empirical studies are still limited. This study aims to examine the impact of key push factors on the financial inclusion of MSME owners in North Central Nigeria. The specific objectives were to investigate the effect of financial literacy, size of business, level of education, risk preference, and social network on the financial inclusion of MSME owners in this region. Using a survey design, data were collected from a stratified random sample of 435 respondents, drawn from a population of 11,607 MSME owners. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan formula (1970). The results revealed that all five push factors have a significant positive impact on financial inclusion. The study recommends that government initiatives should prioritize financial literacy programs to enhance MSME owners' awareness and engagement with financial institutions.
... Accordingly, N is set to 5000. For the remaining parameters, the values used in previous studies (Krejcie and Morgan 1970) are referenced. Accordingly, the value of P s 0.5, representing the proportion of the population; the marginal error (d) is 0.05; and the table value of chi-square (x 2 ) is 3.56. ...
... This permits the establishment of a fixed target, which must be surpassed in order to ascertain whether the survey in question has yielded sufficient subjective information. This is based on the study carried out by the authors Krejcie andMorgan in 1970 (Krejcie andMorgan 1970) and recently applied by authors such as Huang et al. (Huang et al. 2023). In addition, a survey design is proposed in which the occupant is required to answer only two questions, thus reducing the time required for completion and increasing the likelihood of participation. ...
... This permits the establishment of a fixed target, which must be surpassed in order to ascertain whether the survey in question has yielded sufficient subjective information. This is based on the study carried out by the authors Krejcie andMorgan in 1970 (Krejcie andMorgan 1970) and recently applied by authors such as Huang et al. (Huang et al. 2023). In addition, a survey design is proposed in which the occupant is required to answer only two questions, thus reducing the time required for completion and increasing the likelihood of participation. ...
Occupants' adaptability varies based on the climate. Therefore, adaptation measures should be adapted not only to suit the climate but also to the occupants. A holistic methodology is proposed to customise comfort index by adjusting them to the specific preferences of the occupants. The methodology involves collecting subjective and objective data. A measurement procedure is designed to gather comprehensive information, including a low-cost effective procedure to disaggregate the Mean Radiant Temperature between long and short-wavelength effects, essential for outdoor comfort. This customisation is applied to the COMFA index in different real cases. The results show that children in relaxed environments demonstrate 50 % higher resilience than the standard scale, while adults can tolerate 30 % higher thermal loads than the standard when resting. Furthermore, under identical circumstances, children exhibit 8 % greater resilience than adults. Conversely, radiant exchange decomposition indicates that a 30 % augmentation in the short wavelength effect is associated with a 45 % increase in the occupant's thermal load. This methodology facilitates the identification of measures to achieve optimal levels of comfort adapted to the occupants in any climate and area under study. It also contributes to the promotion of urban design and planning that enhances the resilience of citizens.
... In The authors state that "685 of 1,100 first-year students from 12 universities in southern Thailand were randomized and recruited using eligible criteria." A rigorous methodology, using the formula by Krejcie and Morgan 1970, was ...
... Descriptive characteristics of all cross-sectional studies included in reviewStudy period Relevant details on sampling method described in publicationMulti-stage stratified cluster sampling survey, with a formula given byKrejcie and Morgan 1970 used to determine the sample size of 1,279 university students from "all regions of Thailand." ...
... The Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formulae was used to select the study' s sample size in line with the 95% confidence level and a margin of error of 5%, the sample size of the study is given as 381. ...
... The rational for using Krejcie and Morgan is to eliminate bias in the sample size determination and selection procedure. The sample size to be drawn from the sampling frame was determined using the formula recommended byKrejcie & Morgan (1970) for sample size determination for a known population. Mathematically it is expressed below as: = Z Value (i.e., 1.96 for 95% confidence level) N= Population Size(4982) ...
The cut-throat competition and shrinking competitive strengths of firms in the food and beverages (F&B) industry in recent time foster growing interest of investors to re-strategize and adopt growth strategies to improve their competitiveness. The study examined the effect of growth strategies on firm competitive among selected food and beverages companies in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study was anchored on resource-based theory. The descriptive survey research design was adopted and the total population for the study is 4982 employees from three selected F&B in Lagos metropolis (UAC Foods, Dufil Prima Foods and 7Up Bottling Company). The study employed adapted questionnaire to solicit responses from the respondents in the selected F&B companies. Sample size of 381 was drawn from the total population using Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination formulae (1970). Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression estimation technique was used to analyze the data, while simple regression was used in analyzing the formulated hypotheses. The finding reveals that new product development has non-significant effect on the market share of the selected F&B companies. The study concluded that product development should be innovative to gain, enhance market share and competitiveness of selected food and beverages firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that the major stakeholders in the F&B industry should adopt radical implementation of appropriate product development strategy to enhance their market share particularly in this competitive environment
... The researcher will determine the sample size using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) sample size determination table, which provides a statistical guideline for selecting an appropriate number of respondents from a given population. Additionally, G*Power analysis (Faul et al., 2007) will be used to ensure that the sample size is statistically adequate for conducting Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). ...
... The target sample size for this study will be 461 respondents, ensuring that the research findings have sufficient statistical power to detect meaningful relationships between variables while minimizing sampling bias. The combination of Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) ...
Social media has revolutionized public discourse, serving as a critical platform for discussions on socio-political issues, particularly those related to race, religion, and royalty (3R) related
issues in Malaysia. These topics are deeply embedded in national identity and remain highly sensitive within the country’s multicultural framework. This study seeks to quantify the
influence of 3R discourse on social media, examining its effects on racial identity development and microaggressive behaviors among Malaysian youth, specifically within the Klang Valley a diverse and demographically significant region. This research will employ a quantitative approach to investigate how exposure to and engagement with 3R content on social media shape youth perceptions, intergroup relations, and racial identity formation. Furthermore, the study will explore the role of social media in facilitating the spread of microaggressions, which, while often subtle, contribute to reinforcing stereotypes and exacerbating intergroup tensions. Although the research is still in progress, initial insights suggest that engagement with 3R-related content on digital platforms may simultaneously strengthen in group identification while perpetuating discriminatory behaviors that influence the broader racial identity development of Malaysian youth. The findings of this study are expected to have significant
implications for policymakers, educators, and digital platform regulators, particularly in the areas of media governance, digital literacy, and the promotion of inclusive, constructive online
discourse. By providing empirical evidence on the impact of 3R discourse in the digital sphere, this research aims to contribute to strategies that foster social cohesion and mitigate racial
polarization within Malaysia’s diverse society.
... With a small effect size of 0.2, desired statistical power of 0.80, eight latent variables, 38 observed variables, and a probability level of 0.05, the required sample size was calculated to be 444. This meets the minimum sample size requirement of 382, as determined by Krejcie and Morgan [30] for a population of 5,600. ...
The existing e-learning models for higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) enhancement focus more on technology and e-learning methods, ignoring the important roles of human factors such as e-leadership, collaboration, and readiness. This exploratory sequential mixed-methods design study aimed to identify significant factors for e-learning practices that enhance HOTS. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with school administrators, teachers, students, parents, and school software experts, and the transcripts were analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Seven core factors emerged from the study: collaboration, readiness, e-leadership, personal factors, strategies, practices, and organizational factors. Their associations were verified through a quantitative survey involving 430 secondary school teachers. The quantitative data was analyzed using PLS-SEM and cIPMA in SMARTPLS 4, resulting in five sub-models defining a HOTS enhancement framework for schools e-learning. E-learning practices, strategies, collaboration, organizational factors, readiness, and e-leadership are six significant necessities for enhancing higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Besides that, 41.302% of school leaders and teachers did not meet the minimum required level of e-leadership needed to achieve at least 80% HOTS enhancement in e-learning. This highlights the critical role of school leaders and teachers in leveraging e-leadership within e-learning platforms. This research provides a new model that educational leaders, policymakers, and educators can adopt to enhance HOTS in e-learning.
... Number of staff and students selected from the College was based on the population. Sample sizes of 55 staff and 343 students, which is 398 sample sizes used was based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970). Hence, in deciding the samples size it is not the size, but the extent to which the sample is truly a representative of the characteristic of the population that was used. ...
This study investigated the effect of Jolly Phonics on reading achievement of primary school pupils in Northwest, Nigeria. The study was predicated on the belief that Jolly Phonics method teaches reading better than conventional method of teaching. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 3 specific objectives with corresponding research questions and hypotheses guided the study. The study employed quasi-experimental research design and intact class of 12 schools were selected from 4 states across Northwest Nigeria. 384 respondents from intact class of the selected schools were divided into experimental and control groups using split-half method. The experimental group was treated with Jolly Phonics components of letter sound recognition, identifying sounds, and tricky works in reading English language at primary school level while control group was taught similar contents using conventional method of teaching- CMT. A researcher-designed instrument tagged “Assessment of Pupils Reading Achievement Test- APRAT”, which yielded .81 reliability coefficient using Cronbach Alpha analysis was employed for data collection. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation was used for answering research questions while inferential statistics of analysis of covariance- ANCOVA was used to test all hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings among others, revealed significant difference between the mean achievements of pupils taught with letter sound recognition, identify sound, tricky words and those taught with Conventional Teaching Method. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others that English teachers should be properly trained on effective use of Jolly Phonics components for optimal lesson delivery; and Ministry of Education should encourage teachers to use Jolly Phonics method of instructional delivery by providing modern facilities its effective usage in public primary schools across Northwest in particular, and Nigeria as a whole. The study concluded that Jolly Phonics is an effective instructional method for improving early reading skills among primary school pupils in the study area.
... Number of staff and students selected from the College was based on the population. Sample sizes of 55 staff and 343 students, which is 398 sample sizes used was based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970). Hence, in deciding the samples size it is not the size, but the extent to which the sample is truly a representative of the characteristic of the population that was used. ...
This study examines the digital literacy skills essential for accessing and utilizing online information resources among staff and students at the College of Education (COE) Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Despite institutional investments in electronic resources, low usage persists, prompting an investigation into underlying challenges and skill gaps. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected via the Staff and Student Digital Literacy Skills for Access and Utilization of Online Information Resources Questionnaire (SSDLSAUOIRQ). A proportional random sample of 398 participants (staff: 55; students: 343) was drawn from a population of 7,990. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis revealed critical findings: (1) Key challenges include inadequate internet accessibility (mean=3.9), lack of conducive learning environments (mean=3.8), computer anxiety (mean=3.7), and insufficient training (mean=3.6); (2) Logistic regression identified computer/internet experience (OR=1.89, p=0.002), training (OR=1.66, p=0.007), positive attitudes toward technology (OR=2.02, p=0.042), and utilization of online resources (OR=1.10, p=0.006) as significant predictors of digital literacy. The scale demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach’s α=0.872). Results underscore systemic gaps in infrastructure, pedagogy, and support, hindering effective engagement with digital resources. The study concludes that institutional interventions—including targeted training programs, curriculum modernization, and improved infrastructure—are imperative to enhance digital competencies. Recommendations advocate for collaborative efforts among college management, government agencies, and library vendors to address technophobia, expand internet access, and align practices with global educational standards. This research contributes to discourse on digital equity in Nigerian higher education and offers actionable strategies for
... The target population consisted of 405 academic staff members at Kyambogo University, drawn from various academic units. A sample of 200 was initially selected using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) sampling table, but the final analysis included 195 participants after excluding incomplete responses and outliers. Simple random sampling where the study participants are selected based on chance was used to ensure equal selection chances and enhance the representativeness of the sample for generalizable findings. ...
The study validated the measures of the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) in the context of lecturers at Kyambogo University. Based on Davis (1986), the TAM was studied in terms of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavioural intention. In this correlational study that involved a sample of 195 lecturers at Kyambogo University, data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling (SEM) using Smart PLS for partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to determine the presence of the three constructs of the TAM, namely perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavioural intention. Descriptive results indicated that the above three constructs of the TAM were highly practised by lecturers at Kyambogo University. PLS-SEM showed that the indicators that were used to measure the above three constructs of TAM were appropriate measures. The study concluded that the indicators assessed in this article to measure the three constructs of TAM, namely, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavioural intention, are valid and reliable. It was recommended that researchers use the indicators assessed in this article to measure the three constructs of TAM
... The sample size of 132 were selected from the total population using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size determination formula at a margin of error of 5%, the sample size of the study is given as 132. Adapted and validated questionnaire was used to gather primary data from the respondents with five points Likert-scales measurement. ...
In today's technologically driven economy and innovative training and development programs, most companies are still confronted with low-ebb employees' efficiency. This study seeks to determine the effect of employees training on UAC Foods in Lagos State, Nigeria. The survey research design was employed and structure questionnaire were administered to the respondents via accessible sampling techniques in which all members of the population have equal probability and independent chance of being selected. Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination was used to select 132 respondents from the total population of 200. The descriptive statistics, Ordinary Least Square Regression aided by SPSS v. 23 was used to test the hypothesis. The finding reveal that employees training enhances the competitive advantage of UAC Foods. The study concludes that employee training is a veritable tool for enhancing organizational competitive advantage in UAC Foods. The study recommends that corporate entity should embrace periodic staff training and development to further enhance their performance and achieve sustainable marketing competitiveness.
... Given the absence of precise population data, the sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula, a widely accepted method for estimating sample sizes when the population is unknown. Using a 95% confidence level (Z = 1.96), a 50% estimated proportion (P = 0.5, maximizing variability), and a 5% margin of error (C = 0.05), the calculated sample size is approximately 384. ...
This study investigated the impact of domestic chores on the educational leadership aspirations of young wives in Cameroon. It aims to understand how traditional gender roles and household responsibilities affect women's pursuit of education. Utilizing a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 384 married women residing in Buea, Douala, and Bamenda, who had been married for less than ten years. A structured questionnaire was employed to assess participants' experiences regarding domestic chores and their educational leadership aspirations. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation, were conducted using SPSS. Results indicate a significant negative correlation between domestic chores and educational leadership aspirations (r =-0.336, p < 0.01). Although a majority (83.7%) of respondents expressed optimism about pursuing higher education, domestic responsibilities, particularly related to meal preparation and child care, were identified as barriers that limit their study time and energy. While young wives in Cameroon demonstrated strong educational leadership aspirations, their domestic roles significantly hinder their ability to pursue these goals. The study delved the need for cultural shifts in gender roles and increased support for women. The study recommended promoting shared domestic responsibilities, enhancing support systems for young wives, developing flexible educational programs, conducting awareness campaigns on the importance of education, and advocating for policy interventions that assist in balancing domestic chores with educational leadership aspirations.
... This study uses an exploratory survey design, and sample selection is carried out using a proportional random sampling technique based on the demographic characteristics and education levels of civil servants. The number of samples was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan [1] table with an error rate of 5 percent, resulting in a total of 340 respondents. To minimize sample bias, this study applies several sampling techniques to increase the validity of the conclusions obtained through structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. ...
Dynamic governance is considered an important approach to stimulate innovation in public services as well as the recruitment process of managers in the public sector. This study aims to investigate the impact of dynamic governance on public service innovation by raising the recruitment of public sector managers as a variable that functions as a reinforcer. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach, where data is collected and analyzed through surveys. A total of 340 participants were enrolled using a disproportionately random sampling technique, referring to the Krejcie and Morgan [1] tables, with an error tolerance of 0.05. The findings of this study indicate that dynamic governance consists of two elements that exert a positive and significant influence on public service innovation: dynamic capabilities and institutional culture. In addition, the results also show that the process of hiring managers in public organizations contributes positively and significantly to innovation in public services. Therefore, a dynamic governance approach is considered important to improve performance, resilience, and adaptation in local government. Furthermore, it also has the potential to increase the effectiveness of hiring managers in the public sector and facilitate better innovation in the future.
... The population of the study is individuals from the railway engineering sector, particularly, employees in maintenance teams were considered in the research. The survey targeted railway maintenance personnel, with a sample size determined using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula for statistical accuracy. Of 180 invited participants, 131 completed the questionnaire (73% response rate). ...
Team functionality plays an important role in employees' performance that drives organisational objectives. Optimal performance within the railway industry requires management systems to be created and implemented to achieve team efficiency to enhance productivity. Various factors linked to High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) relating to human behaviour and function are investigated to determine key factors that influence the performance of maintenance teams, specifically focusing on activities linked to the railway industry. A questionnaire was presented to 180 sample population, out of which 131 questionnaire data were used for analysis. The respondents were responsible for perway (track) related maintenance tasks, the quantitative results presented by respondents ranked factors of this study and how they viewed each item using a four-point scale methodology. Collaborating the results through descriptive, frequency, reliability and validity statistics, the outcomes of the analysis have shown the following factors as valued the most to the least: rewards and recognition (most valued), effective communication, motivation, trust, teamwork, effective leadership, skills, supervisor support, cooperation and coordination , adaptation, performance monitoring, shared responsibility and diversity (least valued). Although every factor is indicated to be relevant in this study, they are valued differently in the railway industry; by leveraging the top items, railway organisations can ensure and maintain high performance. Furthermore, by investigating and implementing the least valued factors, organisations can improve the intrinsic motivation of teams, which will ultimately have a positive influence on team performance.
... Therefore, the fieldwork undertaken for this research consists of an ethnographic village study in Bangladesh with reference to remittance sending migrant worker in Malaysia to bridge the micro and macro paradigms of migration and remittance and offer analytical insights into the determinants and impacts of such remittance. In selecting a representative sample of the population, Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) recommendation was accepted in this study. After categorizing the household migrant members in Malaysia a random sample of 350 households was selected, the share in each village corresponding to their proportion in the whole population (the remittance received household). ...
International migration has notable socioeconomic impacts, particularly through remittance transfers sent by migrant workers to their home countries. Since the mid-1970s, labor migration has significantly affected the socioeconomic conditions of numerous Bangladeshi households. The flow of remittances is a complex phenomenon that influences economic, social, legal, and cultural aspects at both national and global levels. Many developing countries have studied the consequences of this phenomenon, and this research focuses on the influence of the household head’s connection to the migrant in rural Bangladesh. The study was conducted using microeconomic data collected from a survey of 350 rural households in 15 villages. The survey was conducted between September 2023 and August 2024. Statistical analysis was used to explore the relationship between the household head’s connection to the migrant and the factors that influence remittances, as well as the socioeconomic effects on the receiving households. The analysis revealed that the relationship between the household head and the migrant—whether father, mother, spouse, or brother—showed variability in both the motivations for sending remittances and the socioeconomic impacts in the rural areas. The factors affecting remittances and their resulting impacts varied depending on the household head’s relationship with the migrant and the community’s connections. Discrimination based on the household head’s local relationships also influenced the socioeconomic effects of the remittances.
... A mixed-method sampling approach is used, combining random sampling for diversity and snowball sampling to reach niche Nano-learning communities.Participants are recruited via online platforms and educational networks, screened for age and prior experience with short video learning. A minimum sample size of 400 is set, based on [31][32][33] guidelines for large populations, ensuring statistical reliability at a 95% confidence level. Snowball sampling supplements recruitment, if necessary, especially through referrals from students and educators. ...
This study investigates the effectiveness of nano-learning environments specifically short-form educational videos within higher education, focusing on the cultural, technological, and pedagogical dynamics that shape learner engagement and outcomes. Grounded in both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the research explores how factors such as video length, content design, user motivation, engagement, and satisfaction influence learning effectiveness. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and thematic analysis of interviews with university educators in Chengdu, China, the study identifies that well-structured content and optimal video duration significantly enhance learner engagement, which in turn boosts short-video watch times and overall learning effectiveness. Additionally, the study reveals that while learners value personalization and flexibility, they also require structured support and cognitive depth. Platform algorithms, though enhancing motivation, may compromise autonomy and critical engagement. The study recommends the integration of reflective, culturally sensitive design features to balance personalization with deeper learning. The novelty of this research lies in its multidimensional analysis of nano-learning merging behavioural data with cultural and semantic insights to inform the development of inclusive, pedagogically sound micro-learning systems in global educational contexts.
... The sample size was calculated as 201 using Slovin's formula, with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error, ensuring precision as recommended by Krejcie and Morgan (1970). This approach ensures that the sample is large enough to be representative of the population, while maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy. ...
This study explores the factors influencing the adoption of contract farming in the cotton sector through a logistic regression model. The analysis identifies key determinants, including cotton price, price mechanisms, extension services, market access, competition, production costs, and mechanization, which significantly encourage contract farming. Although age and gender are not significant predictors, gender dynamics highlight systemic inequalities. Transparent pricing and market access agreements emerge as critical motivators, mitigating uncertainties and fostering farmer participation. Mechanization and cost reduction play pivotal roles in improving productivity and profitability, while extension services and market connectivity provide resources and opportunities essential for engagement. Conversely, competition from alternative cash crops presents challenges that require targeted policy interventions. These findings underline the need for tailored policies, investments in agricultural technology, and support programs to enhance the sustainability and inclusiveness of contract farming, ultimately contributing to the empowerment and economic resilience of smallholder farmers.
... The validity of the Delphi method is based on the knowledge and expertise of the respondents, not their number [34], and considering that location decisions related to environmental issues are considered special decisions, the scope of choosing experts is often very limited [35]. However, in the present study, 15 experts participated in the Delphi process, which is consistent with the minimum number of Morgan tables [36]. To obtain quantitative information about the key drivers, the experts determined a value from 1 to 5 (very low, low, moderate, high, and very high). ...
... The researchers took a sample of 384 teachers using the universally recommended Krejcie & Morgan (1970) formula, which suggests this number for populations of 10,000 and above at a 95% level of confidence with a 5% margin of error. This figure of the sample is statistically reliable for quantitative research and has statistical potency (Hair et al., 2023). ...
... Simple random sampling using the lottery method was employed to select the sample from this population. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) ...
This study aims to examine the use of online databases and social networking sites (SNS) by geology faculty members in Kerala, India. It also seeks to identify the relationship between their research experience, the number of published papers, and their overall usage of these digital resources. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The study population comprises geology faculty members from academic geoscience departments in government and government-aided colleges, as well as state and central universities in Kerala. SPSS software was employed for both descriptive and analytical data analysis. The respondents in this study utilized an average of four databases: Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. They also had an average level of use of social networking sites such as WhatsApp, ResearchGate, YouTube, Slideshare, and Academia.edu. A very strong statistically significant relationship was found between research experience (in years) and the number of published papers (rho = 0.659, p < 0.01). Additionally, a moderate statistically significant relationship was observed between the overall use of online databases and the overall use of social networking sites (rho = 0.517, p < 0.01). Conversely, a moderate statistically significant negative relationship was observed between the overall use of social networking sites and the number of published papers (rho = -0.323, p < 0.05). The usage of various digital resources by faculty members is continually increasing. This study examines their use of online databases and social networking sites.
... A list of 18,466 Thai information and communication technology firms that are provided by the database online of the Department of Business Development, Thailand (www.dbd.go.th). The required sample size to be representative in this research is 376 firms, which is a minimum usable sample size with 95 percent confidentiality [28]. ...
The research main objective is to investigate the effects of technology transfer capability (which are learning capability, acceptance orientation, innovation focus, exchange competency, and change awareness) on sustainable organizational competitiveness. The key research question is How does technology transfer capability relate to sustainable organizational competitiveness of the ICT compa-nies? About 286 questionnaires were usable for analysing with effective response rate of 76.06 percent. The key informants are top executives of the information and communication technology business around Thailand. The results show that innovation focus and exchange competency positively affect sustainable organizational competitiveness. That means the technology transfer capability is important for firm's competitiveness. The innovation focus is essential components of technology transfer capability that enhances new product development, valuable operational enhancement, remarkable business efficiency, and firm performance.
... The population of this study was 170 full-time students of Health Technology Department, Navamindradhiraj University. The sample group was 119 students and was drawn based on Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) ...
Even though students in Thailand typically receive education on English language in general context, believe that it will help them at work, students cannot use English well in their own field. This research study aimed to investigate the needs of English communication skills among health technology students. Moreover, this study also attempted to identify which English communication skills health technology students need the most. The participants were 119 full-time students of Health Technology Department, Navamindradhiraj University who currently enroll in either Medical Instruments and Operating Room Technology program (MIORT) or Occupational Health and Hospital Safety program (OHHS). The instrument used was a structured questionnaire developed from another related study together with questions researcher deemed appropriate. The questionnaire was divided into four parts and was in the form of closed-ended questions, open-ended questions, and five-point Likert scale. The findings showed that, in general, most health technology students thought their English proficiency was fair. When it came to students’ needs of English communication skills, all three types of tasks; tasks require only listening and speaking skills, tasks require only reading and writing skills, and tasks require all four skills; had students display high level of needs in almost every task. In conclusion, English for specific purposes (ESP) courses should be developed and tailored to students’ needs. Furthermore, to sharpen their real-life communication skills, integrated skill teaching method as well as integrated skill classroom materials should also be employed.
... Out of the estimated 13,034 households in this wereda, about 405 reside in kebele 01 and 02 (Population Size by Sex, Region, Zone and Wereda, 2023) and Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency, 2018). Considering the 405 households as the target population of the study, approximately about 196 sample households were estimated as the sample size for the survey using formula of (Anthony, 2014;Krejcie & Morgan, 1970) that are appropriate for known/finit population, with 95% confidence level. Considering the diversified and hetrogenous nature of study population mainly in the spatial location of households, a stratified sampling was applied to choose the households for questionnaire survey at two kebeles. ...
Research on urban flood risk has highlighted the need for more comprehensive flood risk assessments in low-income and vulnerable communities. This study aims to examine the causes, impacts and existing flood risk management measures in the Somali region of Ethiopia. The study used a mixed research methodology, including a cross-sectional survey, to collect original qualitative and quantitative data.. In addition to flood risk and vulnerability assessment, the study evaluated urban flood risk management measures through soil protection service curve number, production distribution network and supply chain risk management methods.The results suggest that flooding in Dolo-Ado is increasing due to heavy rainfall and flooding, as well as inadequate flood control measures and geographical location. Soil Conservation Service Curve Number analysis shows that the arid landscape of Dolo-ado is predominantly shrub and barren with significant differences in land cover types. The low infiltration capacity, high runoff potential and frequent heavy rainfall are the main factors contributing to the area's high soil vulnerability to flash floodsConsequently, qualitative results also confirm that this has resulted in extensive infrastructure damage, displacement, loss of livelihoods, ecosystem disruption and disruption to community life, as well as water and health problems. In addition, flood risks are more severe for vulnerable urban communities, impacting services, the economy and the environment. Therefore, inadequate preventive measures for effective supply chain management are urgent and crucial for resilience. This study implies that urban planning and policies should be changed and prioritize the integration of production distribution networks and flood risk management in the supply chain to effectively mitigate floods. Climate change-responsive and integrated urban planning, improved drainage systems, early warning, emergency planning and community engagement are critical for flood preparedness, adaptation and resilience and require further research and modeling techniques.
... A cross-sectional design is particularly suitable for examining relationships between variables within a defined timeframe without requiring longitudinal follow-up (Wang & Cheng, 2020). The sample size of 404 was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) formula for selecting an appropriate sample from a known population, ensuring sufficient statistical power and generalizability of the findings. To enhance response rates and address potential respondent queries, the survey was administered face-to-face by trained enumerators, thereby mitigating common response biases associated with self-administered surveys (Nanes & Haim, 2021). ...
This study examines the moderating effect of influencer marketing on the relationship between customer perceptions and purchase behaviour in Malaysia's halal food sector. The rise of digital platforms, especially social media, has reshaped consumer behaviour, with influencers playing a key role in purchasing decisions. Hence, this study assesses how influencer marketing influences consumer trust, product authenticity, and purchase intentions in a culturally sensitive market. A cross-sectional survey of 404 respondents from four regions in Selangor, Malaysia, was conducted. Findings show that while customer perceptions, specifically trust and product authenticity, influence purchases, their impact varies with influencer engagement. Additionally, influencer marketing significantly moderates this relationship, reinforcing consumer trust and product credibility, and increasing purchase likelihood. These results highlight the growing role of digital endorsements in halal consumer markets, offering insights into how businesses can leverage influencer credibility. By emphasizing the intersection of cultural values and digital marketing, this study contributes to research on halal consumer behaviour.
... Ultimately, the educational process shapes societies and individuals, necessitating an integrated system with strong leadership and dedicated teachers [26]. Sustainable development remains a pressing challenge for education, and this study aims to propose a leadership model that schools can adopt to foster sustainability. ...
... Survey respondents were guaranteed complete anonymity to guarantee unbiased and reliable survey data. Considering the 95% confidence level and 5% acceptable error, the sample size for this study was determined to be 384 (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970). Hence, a total of 403 samples were recruited in this study. ...
The Douyin platform has rapidly popularized the sharing of travel experiences through short videos. This trend has especially emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly restricted opportunities for in-person travel. Generation Z, as the platform’s primary users, increasingly share travel content for attention and engagement. This study examines the psychological and social factors influencing Gen Z’s video-sharing behavior on Douyin. Integrating the theory of planned behavior and social presence theory, the research explores the roles of attitude, subjective norms, social presence, interactivity, and social interaction, with trust as a mediator. Using purposive sampling, 403 valid responses were collected and analyzed via PLS-SEM. Research findings indicate that all five factors positively influence video-sharing behavior, with trust mediating the effects of attitude, subjective norms, interactivity, and social interaction, but not social presence. This study contributes to the understanding of user motivations in tourism-related short video sharing and offers practical insights for digital tourism marketing.
... Students studying in the Spring 2024 semester (N= 16210) were taken as the target population. Krejcie and Morgan (1970) developed a table for determining the sample size of a given population. According to it, for a population of 15,000 or above (up to 20,000), the sample size should be 375. ...
Digital literacy not only plays a crucial role in students’ academic performance but also their future job prospects. This study investigates students’ digital literacy level and its relationship with their academic performance. Furthermore, it compares the digital literacy level between male and female students. Using the Digital Literacy Scale (DLS), data were collected from 663 students enrolled in an online university
in Pakistan, while their CGPA was used to measure their academic performance. The results showed that overall, students exhibited a high level of digital literacy. In one dimension (Creativity), they reported a low perception degree; while in others, their perception degrees were moderate (Copyright, Critical Thinking, Character, Connectedness, and Collaboration), high (Communication and Curation), and very
high (Citizenship). Female students reported a lower level of digital literacy than males. A positive week, but a significant correlation was observed between their digital literacy and academic performance, thus suggesting that digital literacy plays a significant role in students’ academic performance. The results would be useful for the academicians and education authorities to develop relevant courses for positive
student outcomes.
... 79 responses were obtained from the third year Bachelor in Engineering Technology programs female students, from a total of 130 third year female students. Based on minimum sampling calculation ratio by Krejcie & Morgan (1970), the minimum data figure was met, and data could be analysed using Microsoft Excel to generate descriptive statistics. Frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques based on Fisher and Marshall (2009). ...
The field of engineering technology has been historically dominated by male students, resulting in a significant gender disparity in many countries. Female students pursuing engineering technology courses face unique challenges that can hinder their success and participation in the field. This research aims to explore the challenges faced by female students in engineering technology courses and present mitigating strategies to address the issues. A combination of basic quantitative survey was undertaken on a sampling of third year female students at a private engineering technology university. A qualitative interview was also conducted on a senior female academic staff who had extensive work experience in the field prior to become an academic. This served as a triangulation to the responses obtained from the surveyed respondents. Findings from the study shows that the challenges faced by the female students in engineering technology courses can be categorized into three main areas namely social and cultural barriers, academic obstacles, and lack of representation and support. As a whole, the female students have a positive perception on engineering technology as a tertiary study option and also as a career choice that they will continue to pursue. In addressing the challenges faced by female students in engineering technology courses, a multi-faceted approach is needed. The approach must also addressing social and cultural barriers and provide adequate academic support to empowers female students to thrive in engineering technology and contribute to the nation.
... It involves selecting individuals who are easily accessible or meet specific criteria (Ilker et al., 2016). The target population for this study is approximately 420 subjects, and a minimum sample size of 201 respondents is suggested according to the table by Krejcie and Morgan (1970). The researchers used an online questionnaire, specifically a Google Form, which allows for easy distribution through online platforms such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Instagram, and Facebook. ...
This study examines the factors influencing the intention to use the Touch n Go e-Wallet among Malaysian citizens, as online payment methods have gained popularity due to technological advancements. The research investigates the impact of individual variations on perceived ease of use, as well as the influence from features of mobile payment systems on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, all with regards to the intention to use the Touch n Go e-Wallet. The study gathered responses from 166 participants in Malaysia through a questionnaire distributed via social media platforms and analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), structural equation modeling (SEM), and partial least squares (PLS) or SmartPLS 4.0 software. The findings reveal that individual variations have a negative effect on perceived ease of use, while the features of mobile payment systems have a positive impact on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, ultimately influencing the intention to use the Touch n Go e-Wallet. The study's results can benefit both users and the company, as users can conveniently utilize the service for transactions, and the company can improve its product innovation and services to meet customer needs and maintain competitiveness in the market.
... Subsequently, data gathering was carried out, with 400 questionnaires initially distributed among individuals. After data filtering, 357 questionnaires (the desired number according to the Krejcie & Morgan (1970) table) were finalized for analysis. The collected data was then analyzed, and the results were reported and discussed. ...
Integrated pest management employs a holistic and sustainable approach to minimize environmental impacts for effective pest control. However, there is limited empirical evidence regarding the implementation and extent of willingness to adopt integrated pest management methods, particularly in developing countries. To address this research gap, this study utilizes an augmented version of the planned behavior model to examine the determinants influencing environmental protection intention among Iranian farmers in adopting integrated pest management practices. This research was descriptive, causal, and correlational, conducted through a cross-sectional survey method on 357 wheat farmers in West Azarbaijan province. The constructs in the original planned behavior model accounted for 51%, and the extended model accounted for 69% of the variance in farmers' intention to use integrated pest management practices. According to the findings of structural equation modeling, all constructs, except subjective norm, significantly affect farmers' intention to use integrated pest management. The results suggest that place attachment enhances the relationship between farmers' attitude and intention to use integrated pest management. The model created in this study can serve as a guide for future research and interventions aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural practices worldwide. Policymakers can utilize these insights to develop policies that offer incentives for the adoption of integrated pest management techniques.
The study aimed to find out the extent of practicing lean management among the principals of public schools in Palestine and its relation with certain variables. To achieve the study's objectives, a descriptive survey methodology was employed. Data were collected through a questionnaire comprising of 30 items distributed across six domains: humility, composure, wisdom, patience, objectivity, and trust. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified. The study sample consisted of 327 principals and teachers, by using simple random method, the results indicated a high level of lean management practice across all domains. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found related to the variable of educational qualification. However, statistically significant differences were observed for the gender variable, in favor of males, and for the job position variable, in favor of principals’ job.
In terms of the development of adversarial relationships, mistrust, litigation, arbitration, cash-flow issues, and a general sense of apprehension toward one another, delay contests have a detrimental impact on clients, contractors, and consultants. The aim of the study is to investigate stakeholder causes delays on building projects success in Kaduna Metropolis. The study adopted quantitative design and data were collected through questionnaires survey from building professionals using the purposive proportionate sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis and the results were presented in tables. The study revealed high owner contribution to delay in building project success in the area of financial status of owner, progress payments delay by owner, unreasonable project time frame, and change orders by owner during construction and delays in decision making by owner was ranked 1st to 5th respectively. However, the moderate owner contribution to delay in building project success in the area of poor communication by owner with other construction parties and late land handover by owner ranked 10th to 11th respectively in the study area. The study reveals that consultant-related factors significantly contribute to project delays. In particular, the incompetence and insufficiency of inspectors, inflexibility, delayed inspections, and poor communication by consultants were identified as major culprits. While the study also concludes the significant impact of labor-related factors such as insufficient labor, low skill levels, and low productivity on project delays, it also acknowledges the moderate influence of interpersonal conflicts among laborers and between laborers and management.
Purpose: In Ghana, the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) annually ranks the top 100 firms—known as the Ghana Club 100—based on criteria such as size, growth, profitability, and corporate social responsibility. These companies are often viewed as market leaders, playing a pivotal role in Ghana’s socio-economic development through employment creation, innovation, and revenue generation. However, despite their elite status, there is growing recognition that not all firms within the Ghana Club 100 sustain high performance consistently, especially amid volatile macroeconomic conditions such as currency depreciation, inflationary pressures, and disruptions from global events like the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This study employs the quota sampling technique to select a representative sample of 215 firms from the Ghana Club 100. The study also adopted an explanatory research design to investigate the role of industry type, firm age, and market dynamics on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and business performance among elite firms listed in the Ghana Club 100. Findings: The findings of this study offer compelling evidence that Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) exerts a positive and significant influence on Business Performance among elite firms in Ghana. Moreover, the results reveal that the relationship between EO and Business Performance is significantly moderated by Industry Type, Firm Age, and Market Dynamics. Unique Contribution to theory, policy and practice: Specifically, Industry Type positively moderates the relationship, suggesting that the strength of EO’s impact on performance varies across different sectors, with some industries benefiting more from entrepreneurial behaviors than others. Similarly, Firm Age also positively moderates this relationship, indicating that more mature firms may be better positioned to leverage their accumulated experience and resources in applying entrepreneurial strategies effectively. Finally, Market Dynamics positively moderate the EO–performance linkage, emphasizing that firms operating in highly dynamic and volatile markets gain greater performance benefits from entrepreneurial orientation, consistent with the tenets of Dynamic Capability Theory. The study affirms that Entrepreneurial Orientation is a key strategic posture for enhancing business performance, and its effectiveness is contingent on contextual factors such as industry environment, organizational maturity, and external market conditions. These insights highlight the importance for managers and policymakers to align entrepreneurial strategies with organizational and environmental realities to achieve optimal performance outcomes.
Within the context of Jordanian hospitals, the purpose of this study is twofold: first, to investigate the impact of Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Performance Expectancy, and Facilitating Conditions on the adoption of risk management information systems (RMIS); second, to evaluate the moderating influence of top management support. In this study, PLS-SEM using SmartPLS 3.3 was used to analyze the data collected. Primary data was collected from the employees working in three Jordanian Hospitals, namely Jordan University Hospital (Public-University Hospital), Albashir Hospital (Public Hospital), and Al-Issra Hospital (Private Hospital). The collection of the data was done using a questionnaire survey, as the link was sent to 410 systematically selected respondents. The results revealed that Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Performance Expectancy, and Facilitating Conditions all have a significant relationship with RMIS adoption. In addition, the Perceived ease of use of RMIS has a significant effect on RMIS's Perceived usefulness. Furthermore, Top management support has a significant moderating influence on the relationship between Perceived ease of use and RMIS adoption, as well as Top management support plays a significant moderating influence on the relationship between Performance Expectancy and RMIS adoption. However, Top management support did not play a moderating influence on the relationship between Perceived usefulness and top management support. Additionally, Top management support moderating influence of the relationship between Facilitating Conditions and RMIS adoption was insignificant. This study was limited to only the healthcare sector in Jordan. Hospitals in Jordan must make exhibiting the system's advantages and assuring its usability their top priorities. Practical steps can be taken by hospitals in the wake of the findings of this study, such as holding seminars, performing pilot testing, and having real-world demos that illustrate how RMIS may improve job performance and expedite risk management procedures. The learning curve may be further reduced and adoption can be increased by offering user-friendly guidelines and simplifying the interfaces of the system. This study focused on the adoption of RMIS in Jordan, which has never been studied before, putting into consideration the importance of risk management in hospitals.
This research study examine the impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on employee retention within the private banking sector of Mirpurkhas, Pakistan. With contribution of factors like Skill development training, performance appraisal, as perks and Benefits, and work-life balance, and growth opportunities, A Close-Ended Questionnaire is utilized for data collection, with a sample size of 205 participants chosen through non-probability random sampling. The survey encompasses five variables—Employee Perks & Benefits, Skill Development Training, Performance Appraisal, Work-Life Balance, and Growth & Retention—with 25 items adapted from existing studies. Descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS are employed for data analysis. Study collected data Sample 205, out of 350 total population from proposed area of private banking sector of Mirpurkhas, Pakistan. The sample size determination follows the formula outlined in Krejcie's article (1970), with a commendable response rate of 88.8 percent. The study establishes excellent reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.878, ensuring the internal consistency of the data. The demographic profile of respondents, including age, gender, marital status, education, and experience, is presented. The normalized mean and standard deviation values indicate standardized data, facilitating objective assessment. The Measurement Model, Factor Loading, and Discriminant Validity Test confirm the reliability and validity of the employed constructs. Internal Consistency Reliability Analysis and Hypothesis-Testing validate the substantial impact of HRM practices on employee retention. highlight the pivotal role of compensation, training, performance appraisal, work-life balance, and growth opportunities in shaping employee loyalty. Recommendations include revising compensation structures, investing in training programs, implementing effective performance appraisal, promoting work-life balance, creating growth opportunities, and considering additional perks. In conclusion, the research contributes valuable insights for organizational leaders and HR practitioners, guiding them in strategic HRM practices to enhance employee retention within the dynamic banking industry of Mirpurkhas. Keywords: compensation, HRM, growth, retention, appraisal.
Background
Emerging environmental concerns have prompted organizations to adopt Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Traditional business practices alone are no longer sufficient for CSR success, requiring organizations to revisit their business processes and practices.
Objective
This study examines the role of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices in enhancing CSR performance, focusing on the mediating roles of pro-environmental psychological climate and pro-environmental behavior.
Methods
Data were collected through a structured survey from 382 middle- and top-level managers working in large manufacturing firms in Pakistan. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data and assess the impact of GHRM dimensions on CSR.
Results
The findings demonstrate that GHRM dimensions have a positive impact on CSR, with the exception of green training and development. Additionally, pro-environmental psychological climate and pro-environmental behavior significantly mediate the relationship between GHRM practices and CSR.
Conclusion
This study underscores the significance of GHRM practices in fostering CSR and highlights the critical roles of psychological climate and behavior in achieving CSR goals. These findings provide actionable insights for organizations aiming to enhance their CSR initiatives.
Purpose
This study examines the impact of HR practices on organizational performance in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a Middle Eastern emerging market characterized by rapid economic growth, a highly diverse workforce, and a unique socio-cultural environment. It seeks to enhance the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms connecting HRM practices to organizational performance by analyzing the mediating role of strategic HR directors.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a comprehensive HRM survey, data were collected from 127 private and public organizations in the UAE. The study examines five HRM practices: recruitment and selection, training, internal career opportunities, extrinsic incentives, and intrinsic incentives. It also tests the mediating role of strategic HR directors in the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance.
Findings
The findings indicate that recruitment and selection, training, and internal career opportunities significantly enhance organizational performance, whereas extrinsic and intrinsic incentives have no substantial impact. While this outcome aligns with existing research, a key theoretical contribution is the identification of the strategic role of HR directors as a crucial mediator in the HRM-performance relationship. Specifically, HR directors fully mediate the link between recruitment and selection and perceived organizational performance, while partially mediating the effects of training and internal career opportunities on performance.
Practical implications
The findings emphasize the critical role of HR directors in strategically shaping recruitment, selection, and training practices to improve organizational performance. To maximize the effectiveness of HRM practices, organizations should invest in developing the strategic capabilities of HR leaders.
Originality/value
This study provides new theoretical insights into the strategic role of HR managers in the HRM-performance nexus. This not only sheds light on the so-called “black box” in HRM and performance research but also proposes a novel extension to strategic HRM theory.
Context Previous research has acknowledged that hunting tourism significantly contributes to South Africa’s economy. The literature review revealed that most of the research in South Africa was conducted before the advent of COVID-19. Aim This research endeavour, pioneering in its scope, sought to ascertain the collective economic significance of both international and local hunters in South Africa and, consequently, to delineate the economic impact of the hunting industry in South Africa by examining the post-COVID expenditure patterns of both international and domestic hunting tourists within the country. Method A quantitative research approach involving surveys amongst both national and international hunting tourists was adopted. The South African Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) was used in the multiplier analysis. Key results The result revealed that hunting tourism’s total impact on the South African economy is USD2.5 billion. Hunting represents a production multiplier of 2.97, indicating that for every USD1 spent by hunting tourists, production increases by an additional USD1.97. Agriculture, trade, accommodation, and personal services are the industry sectors most dependent on hunting tourism. Conclusion In conclusion, this research determined the collective economic significance of hunting tourism in South Africa. Implications The implication is that hunting tourism directly and indirectly supports and expands job creation in rural areas; indirectly, it contributes to conservation initiatives and facilitates job creation in South Africa.
This study examines how Chinese tourists perceive the value of sustainable practices implemented in five-star hotels in Phuket, Thailand, through the lens of the perceived value theory and the service experience framework. While luxury hotels increasingly adopt green initiatives, research exploring how tourists evaluate these efforts across the full guest journey is limited. Addressing this gap, this study aimed to examine how attitudinally distinct tourist segments perceive sustainable practices across three service stages: pre-consumption, consumption, and post-consumption. A cross-sectional survey of 400 Chinese tourists was conducted, applying k-means clustering to segment respondents by sustainability attitudes, followed by multi-group structural equation modeling. Two segments emerged: environmentally engaged travelers and conventional comfort travelers. The results indicate that the emotional value dominates during the stay, the functional value drives pre-stay decisions, and the ethical/social value shapes post-stay reflections. Environmentally engaged tourists were more responsive to ethical and social cues. The findings highlight sustainability as a multidimensional, stage-specific construct moderated by guest attitudes. Theoretically, this research extends perceived value frameworks by mapping sustainability perceptions across the guest journey. Practically, it offers actionable insights for hotel managers seeking to design value-aligned green strategies and segmented communication. Tailoring sustainability initiatives to tourist profiles can enhance satisfaction, loyalty, and advocacy in the luxury hospitality sector.
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the normative perioperative plasmatic levels of presepsin in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to evaluate whether presepsin measurements can effectively distinguish the presence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following THA. Methods: In study 1, we evaluated multiple inflammatory markers before and at several time points after surgery in 31 primary THA patients. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare sequential changes in each variable followed by the Sheffe post hoc comparison. In study 2, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the inflammatory markers for PJI using five cases with confirmed PJI without bacteremia. ROC curve analysis was performed comparing these PJI cases with the 31 preoperative cases from study 1. Results: In study 1, presepsin levels were not significantly different from the baseline throughout the monitoring period. In study 2, the AUCs of CRP (1.0, p < 0.001) and ESR-1h (0.83, p < 0.05) in the ROC curve were able to discriminate PJI, but those of presepsin (0.51, p = 0.96) and WBC (0.65, p = 0.28) failed to discriminate PJI. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that presepsin levels remain stable following THA and may have limited utility in detecting periprosthetic joint infection, particularly in the absence of systemic infection.
Community enterprises play an essential role in advancing sustainable development; however, limited strategic frameworks impede their ability to integrate economic, social, and environmental objectives effectively. This study explores the strategic roles undertaken by community enterprise entrepreneurs to address this gap. Adopting a mixed-methods design, this research integrates qualitative data from in-depth interviews and participatory observations with quantitative analysis based on 215 standardized survey responses. The findings reveal consistent emphasis on five critical strategic roles: vision and goal-setting, resource management, networking and collaboration, innovation leadership, and strategic leadership, with mean ratings between 4.45 and 4.54 on a five-point Likert scale. Qualitative insights further illuminate how entrepreneurs leverage these strategies to optimize resources, foster cross-sector partnerships, drive innovation, and strengthen organizational resilience. Policy recommendations include enhancing infrastructure, developing entrepreneurial capacity, and promoting multi-sectoral ecosystems to support community enterprises. This study contributes to the theoretical discourse by proposing a five-dimensional strategic entrepreneurship model for sustainable community development, offering practical guidelines for policymakers and entrepreneurs seeking to foster resilient, inclusive, and sustainable local economies.
This study examines the mediating role of self-efficacy and belief between technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) and modes of technology use among elementary school teachers in China. Utilizing a predictive correlational research design, data were collected from 506 elementary school math teachers. structural equation modeling with AMOS version 18.0 was employed to rigorously examine the proposed model. Our findings revealed a significant correlation between TPACK and modes of technology use among elementary school teachers in China. Additionally, self-efficacy and belief were found to act as partial mediators in the relationship between TPACK and modes of technology use. We add to the existing literature by examining how self-efficacy and beliefs mediate the relationship between TPACK and the various ways elementary school teachers utilize technology.
Abstrak Pandemik Covid-19 telah mencetuskan norma baharu dalam dunia pendidikan. Aktiviti pembelajaran secara bersemuka terpaksa dihentikan untuk membendung penularan wabak ini. Bagi membolehkan pelajar dapat meneruskan pengajian, proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran mula bertukar kepada kaedah maya atau secara dalam talian. Di Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah (PTSB), kaedah dalam talian ini tidak hanya dilaksanakan untuk pembelajaran teori sahaja, malah ia tidak terkecuali untuk aktiviti amali. Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana keberkesanan penggunaan perisian Multisim untuk melaksanakan amali secara dalam talian bagi Kursus Communication System Fundamentals (DEP30013). Multisim merupakan suatu perisian yang dibangunkan oleh National Instruments dan ia boleh digunakan bagi melakukan simulasi untuk litar elektronik jenis analog dan juga digital. Secara khususnya, kajian ini memberi fokus kepada dua aspek iaitu untuk mengenalpasti minat pelajar terhadap amali secara atas talian yang menggunakan perisian Multisism dan seterusnya mengetahui sejauh mana hasil pembelajaran amali kursus DEP30013 dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan perisian Multisim. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada pelajar-pelajar semester tiga yang mengambil Kursus DEP30013 di PTSB. Kajian yang dijalankan berbentuk kuantitatif dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada 76 orang responden. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis untuk mendapatkan skor min dengan menggunakan perisian IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 22.0. Hasil dapatan kajian yang dijalankan mendapati ke dua-dua aspek yang dinilai telah mencapai skor min tahap tinggi sekaligus membuktikan penggunaan perisian Multisim untuk melaksanakan amali secara dalam talian adalah berkesan dalam memberi kefahaman yang kepada pelajar setanding dengan keadah pembelajaran secara bersemuka. Justeru, perisian ini bolehlah dicadangkan untuk diguna pakai untuk kursus-kursus lain yang berkaitan. Kata kunci:-minat, hasil pembelajaran, amali dalam talian, Multisim 1. Pengenalan Dunia telah digemparkan dengan satu wabak yang dinamakan sebagai Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) atau juga dikenali sebagai COVID-19. Situasi ini telah memberi implikasi yang besar kepada masyarakat di seluruh dunia secara umumnya dan Malaysia secara khususnya. Impak daripada COVID-19 ini telah mempengaruhi pelbagai sektor di Malaysia, termasuklah juga Institusi Pendidikan. Langkah yang diambil oleh kerajaan untuk melaksanakan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) telah menyebabkan penutupan sektor pendidikan bagi memutuskan rantaian penularan wabak yang berbahaya ini. Selaras dengan arahan kerajaan itu, maka Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi (KPT) telah memutuskan agar semua pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) dilaksanakan secara dalam talian dan semua aktiviti PdP bersemuka ditangguhkan. Keputusan ini telah menyebabkan warga pendidik mula mencari alternatif terbaik bagi memastikan pembelajaran secara dalam talian dapat diteruskan.
This quantitative study explores teachers' perceptions about professional training and its impact on their classroom strategies. There is growing recognition that professional development plays a vital role in enhancing educational outcomes, understanding how teachers view that the training programs are relevant, effective and usefull in actual classroom practices are crucial. Data were gathered by using a structured questionnaire distributed to teachers from different educational backgrounds, including both public and private schools.The results shows that most teachers find professional training is useful, their perceptions differ based on variables such as teaching experience, school type, and the level of administrative support received before and after training. More experienced teachers tend to favor training that emphasizes hands-on classroom strategies, whereas early-career teachers tend to be more receptive to theoretical and pedagogical concepts. Educators in private schools generally viewed training more favorably, often referencing improved access to materials and consistent post-training assistance.This study emphasizes that the training programs must be align with teachers’ real-world classroom needs and ensuring ongoing support, including peer mentoring and collaborative activities to strengthen learning. Improving instructional practice in a meaningful way necessitates professional development that is relevant to the teaching context, applicable in practice, and ongoing. These findings offer important insights for policymakers and school administrators aiming to improve the effectiveness of teacher training across diverse educational contexts.
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