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ADAPTATION OF NEURAL NETS FOR RESOURCE DISCOVERY PROBLEM IN DYNAMIC AND DISTRIBUTED P2P ENVIRONMENT

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Divide and Conquer Scheme for Efficient Load Balancing in P2P Network

December 2015 · International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology

A consequential piece of the network traffic is produced by P2P applications. To provide quality of services, P2P needs contribution of varied intermediate peers. P2P network allocate the structural opportunity of reciprocally sharing and dispenser user-created contents inside diversity of user society environments. These networks are the collections of huge quantity of diverse nodes recognized ... [Show full abstract] as peers. These peers contain various exciting features like self-configuration, adaptation and organization. One problem of peers is that they are scattered. To make the searching and fetching fast these peers should be well organized. In this paper we have proposed multicasting technique which can reduce the communication distance between peers, resources will be better utilized, minimal wastage of resources will be there and contents will be fetched properly.

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Secure and Privacy-Aware Searching in Peer-to-Peer Networks

October 2011

Jaydip Sen

The existing peer-to-peer networks have several problems such as fake content distribution, free riding, white-washing and poor search scalability, lack of a robust trust model and absence of user privacy protection mechanism. Although, several trust management and semantic community-based mechanisms for combating free riding and distribution of malicious contents have been proposed by ... [Show full abstract] some researchers, most of these schemes lack scalability due to their high computational, communication and storage overhead. This paper presents a robust trust management scheme for P2P networks that utilizes topology adaptation by constructing an overlay of trusted peers where the neighbors are selected based on their trust ratings and content similarities. While increasing the search efficiency by intelligently exploiting the formation of semantic community structures by topology adaptation among the trustworthy peers, the scheme provides the users a very high level of privacy protection of their usage and consumption patterns of network resources. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides efficient searching to good peers while penalizing the malicious peers by increasing their search times as the network topology stabilizes.

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Context distribution is a key aspect for successful applications within mobile and ubiquitous computing environments. In such environments, context information is acquired by several and multiple context sensors distributed over the environment. Applications collect and react to these data, according to predefined adaptation mechanisms. The success of these mechanisms depends on the availability ... [Show full abstract] of context information, which is disseminated over the network. However, in practice, only a fraction of the observable context information is required by the adaptation mechanisms. Moreover, for privacy reasons, it is important to delimitate a scope for context dissemination. In this work we address these issues by proposing a context grouping mechanism which allows the definition of groups based on the context characteristics. Each group is defined by these characteristics and delimitate a given context information set that can be distributed among group members. This approach of context grouping acts as a two-fold mechanism. On the one hand, it controls and organizes context distribution over a peer-to-peer network. On the other hand, it proposes a primary and low-level privacy mechanism for context distribution, which is an important aspect influencing context distribution.

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We introduce an adaptive rate control scheme for multi-source video streaming in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. The rate control scheme is applied in the context of a novel multi-source video multicast framework, where each source distributes its own video sequence while additionally forwarding video data received from other sources. Multiple videos are distributed to all requesting peers ... [Show full abstract] exploiting full collaboration between the sources, the requesting peers and helper peers. The rate adaptation is jointly decided for all sources based on their upload capacities and the required video quality. Our goal is to obtain either dasiasame throughputpsila or dasiasame video qualitypsila for all streams. To achieve the same video quality for all streams, we use scalable video coding techniques. Our evaluation made on PlanetLab shows that our solution achieves a better video quality or throughput adaptation compared to independent rate allocation performed at each source.

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P2P group communication using Scalable Video Coding

October 2010 · Proceedings / ICIP ... International Conference on Image Processing

P2P-streaming has become of high interest in the last years, since it reduces the load on expensive servers, due to the participation of receivers in the media transmission. In this paper, P2P content delivery is shown to be a promising technique for video group communication, for which the main requirement is low-delay. Combining low-delay encoding and low-delay P2P Application Layer Multicast ... [Show full abstract] makes it possible to fulfill the delay constraints for interactive group communication applications. For such an application, congestion is a considerable problem, since it causes packet loss or late arrival of the packets, degrading the quality of the service. The results presented in this paper show how rate adaptation in combination with the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) helps to overcome problems in the network, providing a better solution than when non-adaptive single layer coding is transmitted.

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The topology of most peer-to-peer systems is immune to user demands such as request patterns and node activity. In this paper, we investigate adaptive topology management in Apple, a peer-to-peer network based on a semi-structured overlay. The primary environmental trig- gers are the skewed flow between peers and their activity level, and the goal is the minimization of total routing la- tency. ... [Show full abstract] We examine an adaptation policy based on range- restricted neighbor selection, and combine it with a role- switching model of peers to extract a 40%-50% cost im- provement over a traditional Chord-like network. Index Terms—Flow, optimization, topology reconfigura- tion, adaptation.

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Point-to-point (P2P) speed enforcement is a relatively new approach to traffic law enforcement. Its technology allows vehicles whose average speed exceeds the speed limit over the controlled section to be fined. It therefore encourages compliance over distances longer than those where spot enforcement policies have been in place. In this paper, a procedure for consistently setting speed limits ... [Show full abstract] with such enforcement systems is proposed. Such a method has been applied to design the speed limits on two motorways in the district of Naples, Italy, where P2P enforcement systems became operational in 2009 and 2010. The speed limits, which were set using the Italian geometric design standard to assess vehicle stability and stopping sight distance, have been compared with those provided by using well-known international standards. The impact of the newly designed speed limits and of the P2P enforcement system on drivers' speeding behaviour has been quantified for each highway section and vehicle type. In fact, accurate measurements of the average travel speeds of each vehicle crossing the enforced sections, before and after the activation of the system, were available. The migration from the old speed limits with spot speed enforcement to the new approach resulted in a notable increase in drivers' compliance to the speed limits with a remarkable decrease in both the average of individual speeds and in their standard deviation. In addition, the analysis of 3 years of data shows that a gradual adaptation of drivers' behaviour to the system took place. In particular, a decreasing compliance to the speed limits points to a non-optimal system management. Finally, the results of a revealed preference survey allowed us to make a behavioural interpretation regarding the significantly different impacts measured on the two motorways.

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Distributed Scheduling for Scalable P2P Video Streaming with Network Coding

April 2013 · Proceedings - IEEE INFOCOM

Previous research has shown the benefits of random-push Network Coding (NC) for P2P video streaming. On the other hand, scalable video coding provides graceful quality adaptation to heterogeneous network conditions. Nevertheless, packet scheduling for scalable media streaming with P2P NC is still a largely unexplored problem. Our ongoing research aims at designing a packet scheduling scheme that ... [Show full abstract] maximizes the quality of the video with minimal coordination among peers. In this work, we provide a preliminary description of our scheduling scheme and preliminary performance measurements.

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February 2011 · Computing

Organisations in multi-agent systems (MAS) have proven to be successful in regulating agent societies. Nevertheless, changes in agents’ behaviour or in the dynamics of the environment may lead to a poor fulfilment of the system’s purposes, and so the entire organisation needs to be adapted. In this paper we focus on endowing the organisation with adaptation capabilities, instead of expecting ... [Show full abstract] agents to be capable of adapting the organisation by themselves. We regard this organisational adaptation as an assisting service provided by what we call the Assistance Layer. Our generic Two Level Assisted MAS Architecture (2-LAMA) incorporates such a layer. We empirically evaluate this approach by means of an agent-based simulator we have developed for the P2P sharing network domain. This simulator implements 2-LAMA architecture and supports the comparison between different adaptation methods, as well as, with the standard BitTorrent protocol. In particular, we present two alternatives to perform norm adaptation and one method to adapt agents’ relationships. The results show improved performance and demonstrate that the cost of introducing an additional layer in charge of the system’s adaptation is lower than its benefits.

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Nature-inspired Self-organization in P2P Ad hoc Grids

Resource availability fluctuates over time in ad hoc grids and other similar distributed systems due to their dynamism and complexity. These changes require adaptation of the system to the new system state. This paper will present an ant colony based self-managing mechanism in a P2P ad hoc grid. In this paper, we apply ant colony optimization for self-management of a P2P ad hoc grid. The proposed ... [Show full abstract] mechanism will enable the ad hoc grid participants to self-organize themselves and form/de-form virtual resource clusters according to their changing resource availability/requirements. We also investigate how can ants form a dynamic cluster/ring of specialized resources. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism work better than the previously proposed mechanisms.

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Client/server messaging protocols in serverless environments

July 2011 · Journal of Network and Computer Applications

In this paper we discuss the adaptation of TCP transport-oriented client–server messaging protocols to many-to-many peer-to-peer networking environments more suitable for deployment in dynamic wireless networks capable of multicast forwarding. We describe four main issues in adapting such protocols: exposing a network server for receiving TCP session data; the creation of server-side semantic ... [Show full abstract] proxies to process the messages and adapt to a serverless environment; service discovery to enable the discovery of necessary services on the network and to maintain the network state; and finally support for multicast interfaces for the transportation of messages amongst peers. We show that our system, called GUMP, can be used to support such protocol adaptations and to illustrate we use GUMP to implement an XMPP proxy allowing existing off-the-shelf XMPP client software to dynamically create and operate multi-user chat sessions in a serverless network environment. We then present two sets of results that show how appropriate discovery systems and transport protocols can dramatically increase the success of protocols, such as XMPP, within a mobile wireless networked environment. Specifically, we first demonstrate that a GUMP supported discovery system, INDI, can significantly increase the success rates and decrease latency of discovering services through profiles, caching and retrying schemes. Second, we show that success rates for XMPP transmission of messages can be vastly improved through the use of multicast as apposed to TCP within the mobile environment. These two factors provide strong empirical support for the justification of GUMP in its ability to adapt between a client–server and serverless world.

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RSB-Topo: A Topology Adaptation Algorithm for Unstructured P2P Networks

October 2007

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) technology has been widely applied in today's Internet. Unstructured P2P systems, where peers connect with each other to form dynamic, flexible and scalable networks, are commonly used for resource sharing. Resource location in unstructured P2P systems tends to use "blind search" strategies (i.e. flooding and random walk) for its simplicity and low maintenance cost. However, ... [Show full abstract] due to lack of location information, the performance of "blind search" is heavily relied on the network topology. Topology adaptation, by properly adjusting the topology of the P2P overlay network, is a promising approach to improve the search performance. In this paper, we use Relative Search Betweenness (RSB) to estimate nodes' search ability. A RSB-based topology adaptation algorithm (RSB-Topo) is proposed, where peers spontaneously adjust their connections to achieve better performance. Simulation results show that our algorithm could greatly increase search success rate and search coverage, and also decrease response delay to improve the search performance in unstructured P2P networks.