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Internet of Things Strategic
... In the IoT, interoperability is the capability of integrating heterogeneous devices, networks, systems, services, APIs and data representation across domains and systems [15]. It includes network, syntactic and semantic levels [16]. ...
... Devices are added and removed dynamically in networks, due to many reasons, such as shutting down devices and moving devices between networks. The caused network topology may change in real time and require dynamic allocation of system resources for all connected objects and services [15], and create dynamic flows among objects, services and systems [29]. To add or remove connections between objects and services, existing connections with other objects and services should not be influenced. ...
... To enable it, interaction among virtual objects and services should not be pre-configured and hard-coded. Connections among objects and services need to be reconfigured at runtime [15]. The WS-* standards cannot achieve this, as the dependency resolution mechanism are hard-coded in the Web Services. ...
The envisioned 6A Connectivity of the future Internet of Things (IoT) aims to allow people and objects to be connected anytime, anyplace, with anything and anyone, using any path/network and any service. Due to diverse resources, incompatible standards and communication patterns, the current IoT is constrained to specific devices, platforms, networks and domains. As the standards have been accepted worldwide, most existing IoT platforms use Web Services to integrate heterogeneous devices. Human-readable protocols of Web Services cause non-negligible overhead in object-to-object communication. Other issues, such as lack of applications and modularized services, high cost of devices and software development, also hinder the common use of the IoT. In this paper, a global generic architecture for the future IoT (GGIoT) is proposed to meet the envisioned 6A Connectivity of the future IoT. GGIoT is independent of particular devices, platforms, networks, domains and applications, and it can minimize transmission message size to fit devices with minimal capabilities, such as passive RFID tags. As a result, lower physical size and cost are possible, and network overhead can be reduced. The proposed GGIoT is evaluated via performance analysis and proof-of-concept case studies.
... Through IoT architecture, intelligent middleware will be capable of creating dynamic maps of the physical world within the digital/virtual sphere by applying high temporal and spatial resolution and combining the characteristics of ubiquitous sensor networks and other identifiable things. Figure 1 shows the symbiotic interaction among the real/physical, digital, and virtual worlds with society [13]. In fact, communications in the IoT will take place not only between devices but also between people and their environment as presented in Figure 2. All individual objects of our everyday life such as people, vehicles, computers, books, TVs, mobile phones, clothes, food, medicine, passports, luggage, etc., will have at least one unique identification allowing them to correspond with one another. ...
... 3) Enterprises and industries domain: Activities involve financial or commercial transactions between companies, industries, organizations and other entities including manufacturing, logistics, service sectors, banking, financial governmental authorities, intermediaries, etc. [13]. ...
... 1) Identification technologies: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) are expected to play a key role as enablers of identification technology in IoT [2,6,13,21]. ...
... The growing greater processing competencies of RFID technologies, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and storage potential at decrease cost may create a pretty decentralized frequent pool of resources interconnected by a dynamic gadget of networks Through IoT architecture, intelligent middleware will be capable of creating dynamic maps of the physical world within the digital/virtual sphere by applying high temporal and spatial resolution and combining the characteristics of ubiquitous sensor networks and other identifiable things. Figure 1 shows the symbiotic interaction among the real/physical, digital, and virtual worlds with society [14]. Internet of Things -a symbiotic interaction among the real/physical, the digital, virtual words & society [13] In fact, communications in the IoT will take place not only between devices however additionally, between humans and their environment as introduced in Figure 2. All man or woman objects of our everyday existence such as people, vehicles, computers, books, TVs, cell phones, clothes, food, medicine, passports, luggage, etc., will have at least one special identification allowing them to correspond with one another. ...
... The IoT comprises of a huge number of perception objects that spread over a few geographic zones; it is important to keep the intruder's access to the items that may make physical harm them or may change their operation [14]. ...
Wireless communication is used to remotely control devices in IoT systems, making them vulnerable to attacks from hackers and cybercriminals. IoT devices collect vast amounts of personal and sensitive data, which can be accessed by unauthorized entities, facing the problems of privacy and security. In recent year "Internet of Things" is research attention for wireless network. The term IoT stands for "Internet of Things", referring to the interconnectivity of objects to the internet, allowing them to access it. The potential for IoT is vast, with billions of devices, people, and services able to exchange information and useful data in various locations worldwide. IoT used in healthcare, homes automation, business, company, military purpose, for wireless communication and control the environments. In IoT "things" are connected to web each device has unique ID for verification. In future electronic devices will be smart which can be communicating with other devices and other system. IoT required very accurate and consistence, integrate data for accessing system and control the system. The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought to light a number of security and privacy issues that need to be addressed. Security and privacy are the main concerns in IoT, and they require attention to areas such as identification, verification, authentication, and device diversity for real protection. In this paper, the vision of IoT, existing security threats and open challenges, as well as security requirements in the domain of IoT are discussed, with basic issues identified in relation to the safety and privacy of IoT.
... Where Nc is the total number of test patterns assigned correctly to the group they belong and Nt is the number of test patterns [10] . The other parameters which helps in measuring the quality of the accurate data are known as precision (P), and recall (R). ...
... The other parameters which helps in measuring the quality of the accurate data are known as precision (P), and recall (R). The combination of P and R is termed as F-score which is defined as follows [10] ...
The mission of connecting everything on the earth together via internet seems to be impossible. There will be the great effect on human life by Internet of Things (IOT), because with the help of IOT, many impossible things will become possible. IOT devices generates big data having useful, valuable and highly accurate data. It is difficult to extract the required information or data from the set of big data discovered by any device. For this purpose, data mining is used. Data mining will plays important role in constructing smart system that provides convenient services. It is required to extract data and knowledge from the connected things. For this purpose, various data mining techniques are used. Various algorithms such as classification, clustering, association rule mining etc. helps to mine data. This paper represents the different Data mining techniques, challenges, and Data mining issues with IOT.
... This research study aims to enhance perfect design quality by integrating IoT systems, as IoT base systems or networks design play a vital role in sensor-based system design. The design will help to answer the difficulties in the interactive IoT-based user-centered design, modelling, context, and interfaces applied in the interactive design (Mao et al., 2005), (Da Silva et al., 2011),(de Saint-Exupery, 2009), (Sundmaeker et al., 2010), (Perera et al., 2013). The goal of IoT systems in Human-Computer Interaction communicability is for the customers to help to comprehend the idea, intents, and choices by interacting with the IoT sensors (Perera et al., 2013). ...
... The internet of things (iot) is the apex of technological advancement at the moment. Because of its originality, application, and ease in a technology environment where the user goal is everything, it is becoming more and more common and intriguing to many scientists [1]. With the capacity to extend beyond space and time, penetrate to touch every nook and cranny, and reach every aspect of life as it is today, it is also the focal point of all attackers and access attackers or stealing data, hijacking attacks... Are issues that still have a lot of room for research, and the field of data security for iot systems is not out of this vortex [6,7]. ...
IoT (Internet of Things) là một xu hướng phát triển đỉnh cao của công nghệ hiện nay. Nó ngày càng được lan rộng và được nhiều nhà khoa học quan tâm bởi tính mới, tính ứng dụng, tính thuận tiện trong một thế giới công nghệ với mục tiêu người dùng là tất cả [1]. Với khả năng ứng dụng vượt không gian, vượt thời gian, xuyên thủng để chạm vào mọi ngõ ngách, mọi lĩnh vực của cuộc sống như hiện nay thì nó cũng là trung tâm của mọi kẻ tấn công và tấn công truy cập hay đánh cắp dữ liệu, tấn công chiếm quyền điều khiển… là các vấn đề còn rất nhiều lối mở cho các nhà nghiên cứu và lĩnh vực bảo mật dữ liệu cho hệ thống IoT cũng không nằm ngoài vòng xoáy này [6,7].
... In addition to expert bodies, the concept of IoT has been researched by several researchers who have offered different but overlapping definitions and explanations. The European Internet of Things Research Cluster is one of the most important associations in IoT research [8]. ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a broad concept that encompasses a variety of technologies and applications. As a result, having a comprehensive understanding of the future developments and deployment of this concept in various lateral and vertical markets and following future trend projections is critical. In this way, future studies might focus on numerous issues in areas where the Internet of Things is most widely used. This study focuses on the smart home setting, one of the most prevalent and fastest-growing applications of the Internet of Things idea. This field's current and future growth tendencies have been proven in many categories and capabilities of IoT devices such as comfort and lighting, energy, security, monitoring, media, and household appliances. The number of devices in use, houses with at least one IoT device, total revenue, and market value are increasing. With the positive growth trend of the smart home, the concept of cybersecurity is becoming one of the most critical issues whose overview we included in this research. Research results indicate several cybersecurity challenges raised due to the fast-growing trend of smart home concept that needs to be addressed in the future to prevent users' privacy and usability of various end devices in such environment.
... In addition to expert bodies, the concept of IoT has been the subject of research by several researchers who have provided different but overlapping definitions and explanations. The European Internet of Things Research Cluster is one of the most important associations in the field of IoT research [4]. ...
The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is a widely applicable set of technologies and services. Therefore, it is essential to have a clear insight into the trends of development and application of this concept in different vertical and horizontal economic areas and follow future trends’ predictions. In this way, it is possible to direct future research into several problems in those areas where the concept of IoT is most widespread. With this research, the analysis is focused on the smart home environment as one of the most common and fastest-growing applications of the IoT concept. The positive trends of current and future growth of this area in various categories and functionalities of IoT devices such as comfort and lighting, energy, security, monitoring, entertaining and home appliances have been confirmed. Growth is seen in the number of devices used, the number of homes using at least one IoT device, total revenue and market value. Therefore, it is concluded that it is necessary to intensify efforts in researching problems related to smart homes by optimizing access communication networks, the impact of generated traffic on core network parameters, cybersecurity, identification and classification of such devices in the network, development of innovative smart services home and several other research challenges.
... IoT is the evolved form of the Internet from a network of interconnected computers to a network of interconnected devices [69]. transmit information about the time a package is opened, which will be transmitted through a secure network and onto a platform for management that allows monitoring [72]. ...
As people live longer, a larger percentage will live with multiple chronic conditions and functional impairments such as difficulties with activities of daily living, mobility, and the management of one’s household. The purpose of this paper is to examine the care of older persons in a technologically advanced nursing future by discussing roles and responsibilities of nurses who practice gerontological nursing, and explaining how a technologically advanced future would change the delivery of home health care for older persons in the community. The theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing grounds 3 processes of nursing as knowing persons as caring, wholeness is oneness, and caring as a multi-dimensional process. Harnessing technology for the health of older persons would enable them to live independently, socially engaged, and safely. A technologically advanced nursing future leads to concomitant sustainable disruptive and frugal innovations in healthcare. Nurses in practice must take advantage of these disruptions and consider frugal innovations as the futures of nursing education, practice, and research are here.
... According to the report, goal of information and communication technology has developed from connecting anyone with anytime and anywhere to the phase of connecting anything, and the connection of everything forms Internet of Things. In September 2009, the EU Group released the "IoT Strategic Research Roadmap," which considers Internet of Things as an integral part of the future Internet [2]. In 2011, in "Building the Internet of Things using RFID: The RFID ecosystem experience," Welbourne Evan proposed the idea of establishing IoT through RFID, pointing out the importance of RFID in constructing IoT [3]. ...
... IoT is defined as a dynamic global network infrastructure where objects are connected, monitored, and optimized through either wired, wireless, or hybrid systems (Atzori et al., 2010;Giusto et al., 2010;de Saint-Exupery, 2009). In recent years, the advancement in IoT such as radio frequency identification (RFID), sensor technology, communication modules, microprocessors, and actuators has offered much broader potential in the real-life implementations (Qiu et al., 2015). ...
Purpose
The huge demand for fresh goods has stimulated lots of research on the perishable food supply chain. The characteristics of perishable food and the cross-regional transportation have brought many challenges to the operation models of perishable food supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to address these challenges based on the real-time data acquired by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
Design/methodology/approach
IoT and the modeling of the Supply Hub in Industrial Parks were adopted in the perishable food supply chain.
Findings
A conceptual model was established for the IoT-enabled perishable food supply chain with two-echelon supply hubs. The performance of supply chain has improved when implementing the proposed model, as is demonstrated by a case study.
Originality/value
By our model, the supply hubs which act as the dominators of the supply chain can respond to the real-time information captured from the operation processes of an IoT-enabled supply chain, thus to provide public warehousing and logistic services.
... Unlike traditional computers and smartphones that are carefully administrated by us, IoT devices are mostly lacking of careful protection; while considering the application domains of IoT, such as space exploration [9], smart vehicles [16], healthcare [4], industry [27], business [17], and smart living [10], however, IoT systems need higher level of protection and better security in that the cyber world and the physical world are tightly coupled in IoT and breach of cyber part of the system may cause severe consequence to the physical part of the system. Recently, we have witnessed many attacks towards IoT systems [15]. ...
... People have no practical way to disable such tracking (Kelly and Erickson, 2005;Lee and Kim, 2006;Spiekermann and Berthold, 2005). In addition, de Saint-Exupery (de Saint-Exupery, 2009) predicted that the more autonomous and intelligent IoT objects become, the more problems will arise related to the identity, privacy and responsibility of " things ". He also raised concerns about the context of the information held across billions of " things " being updated in real time. ...
... In the Internet of Things 1 , these "things" acquire intelligence, thanks to the fact that they access information that has been aggregated by other things. For example, a building interacts with its residents and surrounding buildings in case of fire for safety and security of residents, offices adjust themselves automatically accordingly to user preferences while minimizing energy consumption, or traffic signals control in-flow of vehicles according to the current highway status [7,1]. It is the goal of our work to enable Email addresses: saurabh.bharatsinh-chauhan@in.abb.com ...
Application development in the Internet of Things (IoT) is challenging because it involves dealing with issues that attribute to different life-cycle phases. First, the application logic has to be analyzed and then separated into a set of distributed tasks for an underlying network. Then, the tasks have to be implemented for the specific hardware. Moreover, we take different IoT applications and present development of these applications using IoTSuite. In this paper, we introduce a design and implementation of ToolSuite, a suite of tools, for reducing burden of each stage of IoT application development process. We take different class of IoT applications, largely found in the IoT literature, and demonstrate these IoT application development using IoTSuite. These applications have been tested on several IoT technologies such as Android, Raspberry PI, Arduino, and JavaSE-enabled devices, Messaging protocols such as MQTT, CoAP, WebSocket, Server technologies such as Node.js, Relational database such as MySQL, and Microsoft Azure Cloud services.
... The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines IoT as "a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting physical and virtual things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies" [10]. According to Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things (CERP-IoT), IoT is a dynamic global network infrastructure with seamlessly integrated active participants, things [11]. Despite the argument on the definition of IoT, sensors and communication devices are rapidly developed by many organizations [12]. ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) generates new business opportunities by connecting physical objects with a multitude of sensors. IoT research mainly focused on technology and business models are relatively unexplored, although developing IoT business models is important for successful IoT service. The existing literature on IoT business models are industry or context-dependent. The aim of this research is to develop a generic business model framework for IoT business through literature analysis and interviews. To test the proposed business model framework, we undertake case studies of current IoT companies. The findings suggest that capability for data analytics is an essential element for IoT service. Also, open ecosystems help companies provide new integrated service and offer greater value for consumers. This research acts as a starting point for designing or developing business models for IoT services.
... From the viewpoint of communication, IoT refers to " a world-wide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable, based on standard communication protocols " [15]. Finally, from the viewpoint of networking, IoT is the Internet evolved " from a network of interconnected computers to a network of interconnected objects " [16]. As shown in Figure 1, data is processed differently in the IoT and traditional Internet environments (i.e., Internet of Computers). ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has made it possible for devices around the world to acquire information and store it, in order to be able to use it at a later stage. However, this potential opportunity is often not exploited because of the excessively big interval between the data collection and the capability to process and analyse it. In this paper, we review the current IoT technologies, approaches and models in order to discover what challenges need to be met to make more sense of data. The main goal of this paper is to review the surveys related to IoT in order to provide well integrated and context aware intelligent services for IoT. Moreover, we present a state-of-the-art of IoT from the context aware perspective that allows the integration of IoT and social networks in the emerging Social Internet of Things (SIoT) term.
... El término cosas, puede ser percibido de forma distinta según el dominio en el que se use [3]. ...
Internet de las cosas (IoT en sus siglas en inglés) es un concepto que apareció hace unos
años y que, como veremos, integra el mundo virtual de la información con el mundo real de
las cosas. Explicaremos qué son las cosas, qué son los objetos inteligentes, qué ámbitos pueden
verse afectados por ellos y cómo interactuar con este tipo de objetos.
También indicaremos el alcance de esta nueva tecnología, veremos en qué entornos se
está aplicando y algunas de las tecnologías relacionadas, como son RFID, los códigos QR y
NFC.
... For all types of mobile phone communication IoT is a essential part of the system of interaction since it is the reader all the information and allows transfer this information to servers that can be stored, filtered and administered according to user needs. In the long term and thanks to the development of new possibilities for information transfer of information and the rise of the mobile phones, the border of the Internet of Things and telecommunications will be smaller, generating total situational communication that allowing the users should have an unlimited communication taking advantage of the communication with the environment and the computer science [22]. ...
This article contains a description of Internet of things, the principles on which it is based, the elements and technologies available to achieve communication between people and objects and applications that have been developed in different areas and demonstrating the importance of the implementation of this current. Also there describes a monitoring prototype developed under the frame of the Internet of Things and implemented through the micro computer Raspberry Pi, a cloud storage server and a mobile device.
... In the Internet of Things (CASAGRAS, 2008), smart objects (or " things " ) acquire intelligence thanks to the fact that they can communicate with each other and cooperate with their neighbors to reach a common goal (Atzori et al., 2010). For example, a building interacts with its residents and surrounding buildings in case of fire for safety and security of residents, offices adjust themselves automatically accordingly to user preferences while minimizing energy consumption, or traffic signals control in-flow of vehicles according to the current highway status (de Saint-Exupery, 2009). As evident above, IoT applications will involve interactions among large numbers of disparate devices, many of them directly interacting with their physical surroundings. ...
Application development in the Internet of Things (IoT) is challenging because it involves dealing with a wide range of related issues such as lack of separation of concerns, and lack of high-level of abstractions to address both the large scale and heterogeneity. Moreover, stakeholders involved in the application development have to address issues that can be attributed to different life-cycles phases. when developing applications. First, the application logic has to be analyzed and then separated into a set of distributed tasks for an underlying network. Then, the tasks have to be implemented for the specific hardware. Apart from handling these issues, they have to deal with other aspects of life-cycle such as changes in application requirements and deployed devices. Several approaches have been proposed in the closely related fields of wireless sensor network, ubiquitous and pervasive computing, and software engineering in general to address the above challenges. However, existing approaches only cover limited subsets of the above mentioned challenges when applied to the IoT. This paper proposes an integrated approach for addressing the above mentioned challenges. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) a development methodology that separates IoT application development into different concerns and provides a conceptual framework to develop an application, (2) a development framework that implements the development methodology to support actions of stakeholders. The development framework provides a set of modeling languages to specify each development concern and abstracts the scale and heterogeneity related complexity. It integrates code generation, task-mapping, and linking techniques to provide automation. Code generation supports the application development phase by producing a programming framework that allows stakeholders to focus on the application logic, while our mapping and linking techniques together support the deployment phase by producing device-specific code to result in a distributed system collaboratively hosted by individual devices. Our evaluation based on two realistic scenarios shows that the use of our approach improves the productivity of stakeholders involved in the application development.
... The next related acronym is Internet of things (IoT), referring to the networked interconnection of everyday objects [2]; it can be regarded as an extension of the existing interaction between humans and applications through the new dimension of "things" communication and integration. In IoT, devices are clustered together to create a stub M2M network, and are then connected to its infrastructure, i.e., the traditional "Internet of people" [3]. ...
In this paper, we will discuss the current state of open APIs for M2M applications, as well as propose several possible changes and extensions. Our article based on open standards provided by ETSI. An open specification, presented as an Application Programming Interface (OpenAPI), provides applications with a rich framework of core network capabilities upon which to build services while encapsulating the underlying communication protocols. OpenAPI is a portable platform for services that may be replicated and ported between different execution environments and hardware platforms. We are proposing possible extensions for ETSI documents that let keep telecom development in sync with the modern approaches in the web development.
... Recently, the concept and use of Internet of Things (IoT) have spread rapidly (Atzori et al., 2010). In the era of IoT, almost everyone and possibly every device can communicate and connect with each other based on the technologies of radio frequency identification (RFID) and communication (de Saint-Exupery, 2009; Ngai et al., 2008). For example, certain containers have RFID tags to provide schedulers with their location and freight information. ...
This article studies a container drayage problem with flexible orders defined by using requiring and releasing attributes as a unified formulation of various order types. A determined-activities-on-vertex (DAOV) graph introduces a temporary vertex set to formulate different truck statuses. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model based on the DAOV graph. Four strategies including a window partition based (WPB) strategy are presented and evaluated extensively to solve the problem. Results indicate that the WPB method could solve the problem effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, this method is robust considering the operating time biases compared to other algorithms.
The Intelligent Internet of Things (IIoT) involves real-world things that communicate or interact with each other through networking technologies by collecting data from these "things" and using intelligent approaches, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning, to make accurate decisions. Data science is the science of dealing with data and its relationships through intelligent approaches. Most of the state-of-the-art focus is on the topic independently, either on data science or IIoT. Therefore, to address the gap, this article provides a comprehensive survey on the advances and integration of data science with the Intelligent IoT (IIoT) system by classifying the existing IoT-based data science techniques and presenting a summary of various characteristics. The paper analyzes the data science or big data security and privacy features, including network architecture, data protection, and continuous monitoring of data, which face challenges in various IoT-based systems. Extensive insights into IoT data security, privacy, and challenges are visualized in the context of data science for IoT. In addition, this study reveals the current opportunities to enhance data science and IoT market development. The current gap and challenges faced in the integration of data science and IoT are comprehensively presented, followed by the future outlook and possible solutions to the existing challenges.
Background and Aims
The Internet of Things (IoTs) is a set of connected objects and devices that share data and pursue a common goal in different areas. IoT technology can significantly help the healthcare system by enabling the monitoring of elderly and chronic disease patients. Along with the growth of this technology, its challenges and limitations such as Connectivity, Compatibility, Standards, cost, legal, and ethical also increase. One of the most critical and challenging issues in the IoT is ethical issues. This study aims to explore the key ethical aspects of the IoT and Categorize them based on the executive phases of IoT in healthcare.
Methods
The current study was conducted in two phases using the mixed‐method approach. In the first phase, a systematic review was conducted in relevant databases to identify ethical issues of the IoT. In the second phase, a focus group discussion was conducted to classify the extracted data elements based on executive phases of IoT by medical informatics experts and computer engineerings.
Results
Among the 138 papers retrieved through the search strategy, 11 articles were selected, and 12 ethical issues related to IoT were identified. The obtained results revealed the importance of ethical issues of IoT, including security, confidentiality, privacy, anonymity, freedom to withdraw, informed consent, integrity, availability, authorization, access control, censoring, and eavesdropping. They were classified into five main categories of executive phases of IoT based on the five experts’ opinions affiliated with SUMS, including data collection, data storage, data process, data transmission, and data delivery.
Conclusion
Because of the key role of the IoT in disease prevention, real‐time tele‐monitoring of patient's functions, testing of treatments, health management, and health research, considering the risks relating to Health care and patient data is essential. Moreover, health policymakers should be aware of the ethical commitment to using IoT technology.
The purpose of this article is to introduce the “Living Lab” ecosystem and to describe innovation in municipalities. Living labs are becoming more common and long-lasting. The concept views cities as innovation laboratories, with the goal of improving citizens’ quality of life through the products and services provided, as well as democratising innovation by emphasising citizen and other stakeholder participation. The EU has described it as an innovation tool. The study, which includes theoretical and visual research, is about the Basaksehir Living Lab. The Living Lab network recognised this lab in a field study aimed at metropolitan municipalities as well as innovation projects, with a comparison to those in Finland, the United Kingdom, and Spain. The field studies were designed to contribute to future innovation studies to be conducted in municipalities. For the qualitative study, the “case study” method was chosen. The study’s findings show that innovation research within urban planning, as well as social innovation projects, have materialised. However, more than half of the projects in the Living Labs are technological in nature. The study’s findings suggest that due to factors such as requirements, needs, and technological developments, innovation, whose importance is emphasised and encouraged in international documentation and policies, is unavoidable in municipalities. Cities must be transformed into innovation laboratories, and the Living Lab ecosystem, in fact, has a catalysing effect on municipal innovation.
This paper proposes a novel design of application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which is capable of connecting sensor network and other electronic systems to the internet. The transfer of data between different networks and electronic systems is controlled by internet of things (IoT) platform with the help of instruction sent to ASIC. ASIC will act as serial peripheral interface (SPI) master to all connected networks and data will be transferred serially between them. The different ASIC modules are SPI module, control module, memory module and data/instruction decoder with additional modules built-in self-test (BIST) and direct memory access (DMA). The proposed ASIC will consume less power as compared to conventional microcontroller/microprocessor due to SPI feature along with DMA on ASIC for IoT applications. It is described in very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) at register transfer level (RTL) and simulation is done on the Vivado 2016.2.
In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing are the hottest issues of Future Internet. However, there is a lack of common fabric for integrating IoT and Cloud. In telecommunications, the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), based on the All-IP and Open Services Architecture, has been regarded as the trend for Next Generation Network (NGN). The IMS communication platform is the most suitable fabric for integrating IoT and Cloud. This paper focuses on different aspects including Cloud Service Framework, Data Sensing and Communication Technology, Collaborative Authentication and Privacy Protection Mechanism, Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M), Mobility and Energy-Saving Management, and Application Services. This paper not only provides the discussion of open challenges, but also proposes a possible solution based on the above-mentioned aspects for Future Internet.
Globally policing agencies are scaffolding on the capabilities of the IOT to enhance predictive and responsive approaches to criminal activity in the pursuit of establishing and maintaining safe communities. The availability of a variety of technologies ranging from sophisticated drones, global positioning systems and artificial intelligence programs to more publicly overt systems as body worn cameras and CCTV is increasing the impact of policing initiatives. Whilst the IOT is enabling the collection of ‘big data’ and realising improved policing response to crime through application of a predictive policing model approach—this is only the beginning of the journey in understanding the potential of the IOT to enable smarter policing directions. The following chapter offers insight into the potential application of the IOT and smart technologies to build safe communities. The connectivity between smart technologies, the IOT and smart policing strategies on the future ‘liveability’ quality for rural populations isdiscussed. The chapter offers areas of consideration for the built environment, community safety and the challenge of connecting rural populations as global citizens.
Purpose
After the occurrence of natural disasters, the rapid and accurate delivery of geo-afforestation is the key to emergency rescue and is the fundamental solution to the “last mile” problem. It provides technical support for the territorial rapid and accurate delivery. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
Through literature and theoretical research, combined with the research experience of scholars, the qualitative research method is adopted. The paper establishes a three-dimensional analysis framework, including disaster predictability, resource availability and transport accessibility, and proposes the integrated delivery triangular technical framework, including integrated monitoring analysis, the territorial virtual public storage and transportation.
Findings
Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the effectiveness of emergency delivery, the paper establishes a three-dimensional analysis framework, including disaster predictability, resource availability and transport accessibility, and proposes the integrated delivery triangular technical framework, including integrated monitoring analysis, the territorial virtual public storage and transportation. The triangular technical characteristics and functions of emergency delivery are studied, providing theoretical basis and technical support for effective rescue and emergency planning.
Originality/value
The territorial emergency delivery refers to the process of rapid and accurate delivery without relying on external territorial supplies. The paper establishes a three-dimensional analysis framework, including disaster predictability, resource availability and transport accessibility, and proposes the integrated delivery triangular technical framework, including integrated monitoring analysis, the territorial virtual public storage and transportation.
Background: Internet of Things (IoT) is growing exponentially and can become an enormous source of information.
IoT has provided new opportunities in different domains but also challenges are apparent that must
be addressed. Little attention has been paid to the potential use of IoT in the food safety domain and therefore
the aim of this study was to fill this gap.
Scope and approach: This paper reviews the use of IoT technology in food safety. A literature review was conducted
using academic documents written in English language and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
The relevant articles were analysed using the bibliometric networks to investigate the relationships between
authors, countries, and content.
Key findings and conclusions: IoT in food safety is a relatively new approach; the first article appeared in 2011
and has increased since then. Majority of these studies were performed by Chinese universities and the main IoT
applications reported were on food supply chains to trace food products, followed by monitoring of food safety
and quality. The vast majority of publications were related to food, meat, cold chain products and agricultural
products. These studies used sensors to monitor mainly temperature, humidity, and location. The most frequently
used communication technologies were Internet, radio frequency identifications (RFID) and wireless
sensor networks (WSN). This article identifies knowledge gaps to inform the community, industry, government
authorities about research directions for IoT in food safety.
The internet of everything (IoE) envelopes the internet of things (IoT) that was simply focusing primarily on machine-to-machine sensor-based smart device communications. The IoE expands to include people and processes in a much more comprehensive scope. The internet of everything is expanding our ability to collect massive amounts of data for comprehensive analysis to achieve a level of understanding not previously possible. Since the internet of everything (IoE) has such a strong focus on collecting and analyzing data using smart sensor-enabled devices, eye tracking data is a perfect match. Eye tracking and other biometric sensor-based data can be collected and analyzed locally in real time through fog/edge computing or cloud-based big data analytics.
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption provides an opportunity for high technology based value added processes and requires an infrastructural transformation and more qualified employee involvement. I4.0 literature contains researches presenting an awareness, guidance and complementary activities for I4.0 concept. However, there is no detailed study focusing on the challenges and implementation problems in I4.0 adoption. Hence, the purpose of this study is determining the I4.0 adoption challenges, and analysing these barriers based on the expert opinions. The methodology within the scope of this study contains literature review, interviews with e xperts who are responsible for the I4.0 projects at Bosch, analysing the determined barriers by ISM (Interpretive Structural Modelling) and MICMAC analysis. The barriers are investigated in a structural base, the relationships between these challenges have been identified, and finally how barriers affect each other have been presented in order to discover the root cause triggering the other factors. An I4.0 practitioner can infer from these two analysis results that which challenge should be focused first in order to reach a solution. Additionally, ISM case study results provides a general view to the I4.0 adoption process. A practitioner can also decide on what to do first by criticizing the results so that they can reduce the negative effects of the adoption process.
During the last decades, the call for Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in healthcare has been augmented to endow with healthcare services at a global scale and to trim down medical errors that cost human lives. Enriched with explosive computing and high communicating power, ICTs like Internet, mobile telephony, and other enabled gadgets plays a prominent role in our day-to-day activities. With the potential to provide access to service for patients in difficult-to reach areas and facilitating medical record keeping and information sharing are the main considerations of leveraging ICTs in realm of clinical care. The insurgence of these innovating technologies into healthcare sectors is not only blurring the boundaries for the emergence of other new technologies but also causing a paradigm shift in providing acute and preventative care in public health. The main goal of this chapter is to offer readers an insight into how the emergence of ICTs have transformed healthcare sector by delivering cost-efficient and quality of care to patients.
The idea of IoT world has grown to multiple dimensions enclosing different technologies and standards which can provide solutions and goal oriented intelligence to the widespread things via network or internet. In spite of different advancement in technology, challenges related to assessment of IoT solutions under real scenarios and empirical deployments still hinder their evolvement and significant expansion. To design a system that can adequately bolster substantial range of applications and be compliant with superfluity of divergent requirements and also integrating heterogeneous technologies is a difficult task. Thus, simulations and testing to design robust applications becomes paramount elements of a development process. For this, there rises a need of a tool or a methodology to test and manage the applications. This paper presents a novel approach by proposing a testbed for experimenting Internet of Things (IoT) applications. An idea of an open source test bed helps in developing an exploited and sustainable smart system. In order to validate the idea of such testbed we have also implemented two use cases.
During the last decades, the call for Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in healthcare has been augmented to endow with healthcare services at a global scale and to trim down medical errors that cost human lives. Enriched with explosive computing and high communicating power, ICTs like Internet, mobile telephony, and other enabled gadgets plays a prominent role in our day-to-day activities. With the potential to provide access to service for patients in difficult-to reach areas and facilitating medical record keeping and information sharing are the main considerations of leveraging ICTs in realm of clinical care. The insurgence of these innovating technologies into healthcare sectors is not only blurring the boundaries for the emergence of other new technologies but also causing a paradigm shift in providing acute and preventative care in public health. The main goal of this chapter is to offer readers an insight into how the emergence of ICTs have transformed healthcare sector by delivering cost-efficient and quality of care to patients.
Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) technologies hold great potential to meet the challenges of health, support, comfort and social services in European countries. After years of research, innovation and development in the field of health care and life support, there is still a lack of good practices on how to improve the market uptake of AAL solutions, how to commercialize laboratory results and prototypes and achieve widely accepted mature solutions with a significant footprint in the European market. The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of Internet connected objects such as sensors and actuators, as well as Smart appliances. Due to its characteristics, requirement and impact on real life system, the IoT has gained significant attention over the last few years. The major goal of this paper is to strategically specify and demonstrate the impact of the usage of IoT technology and the respect of IoT specification on the quality and future collaborative usage and extendability of deployed AAL solutions in real life.
Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the general idea of a network of interconnected things or objects that are able to collect and exchange data irrespective of the communication means. In transportation, IoT applications can help to improve transport utilization and road safety. The proposed work introduces a complete framework that solves the urban vehicle parking problem. This work helps the end users to efficiently find nearby parking lots along with the available parking spaces with the aid of navigational directions. The system consists of smart phone applications, cloud services, sensing and communication technologies. The proposed work indirectly reduces the unnecessary traffic congestion and fuel wastage that inevitably crops up due to the use of vehicles that are increasing tremendously in present era.
A critical challenge is to enable IoT application development with minimal effort from various stakeholders involved in the development process. Several approaches to tacking this challenge have been proposed in the fields of wireless sensor networks and ubiquitous and pervasive computing, regarded as precursors to the modern day of IoT. However, although existing approaches provide a wide range of features, stakeholders have specific application development requirements and choosing an appropriate approach requires thorough evaluations on different aspects. To date, this aspect has been investigated to a limited extend. In view of this, this paper provides an extensive set of evaluations based on our previous work on IoT application development framework. Specifically, we evaluate our approach in terms of (1) development effort: the effort required to create a new application, (2) reusability: the extend to which software artifacts can be reused during application development, (3) expressiveness: the characteristics of IoT applications that can be modeled using our approach, (4) memory metrics: the amount of memory and storage a device needs to consume in order to run an application under our framework, and (5) comparison of our approach with state of the art in IoT application development on various dimensions, which does not only provide a comprehensive view of state of the art, but also guides developers in selecting an approach given application requirements in hand. We believe that the above different aspects provide the research community with insight into evaluating, selecting, and developing useful IoT frameworks and applications.
The Brazilian National Traffic Council, in a Resolution adopted in 2006, stated that every vehicle to be sold in the country should have an RFId chip. The nature of the whole project, named SINIAV, is to assemble an infrastructure all over public roads and streets capable of recognizing and identifying vehicles. A surveillance system such as SINIAV, presented as a cutting-edge system capable of bringing security to Brazilian's streets by reducing car's theft, has a crucial (and political) aspect which addresses the level of security that should be developed in the IT system for the use of such database, especially in a country which does not have a specific data protection legislation. The regulation of databases of personal information is an unavoidable step to be done, as the real danger to personal liberties in an automatic surveillance system, such as this one, is not based in personal surveillance, but is related to the use of this personal data. It is not by chance that the European Union is currently discussing a new Action Plan for the Deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in Europe. Taking into account this scenario, the current chapter analyses the SINIAV regulation from a data protection perspective.
This paper proposes an adaptive data aggregation for wireless sensor networks in the TD-SCDMA system. Our design explores a data transmission approach: the atomic MAC layer unit is sent through the TD-SCDMA radio channel by dynamically aggregating one or more sensor packets. A trade-off exists between the desire to reduce header and physical layer overhead by making frames larger, and the need to reduce frame error rates in the noisy channel by using small frame lengths. Clearly the optimum depends on the channel conditions. Our analysis shows that the proposed approach is scalable in maintenance overheads, and performs efficiently in the visible throughput. We implement the proposed protocol in a 3G wireless router and test its feasibility and applicability by a 20-node wireless sensor network. We further conduct extensive simulations to examine the efficiency and scalability of our scheme with varied network settings.
In this paper, a data acquisition scheme that is reactive to network congestion is proposed for Internet of Things (IoT). It adjusts data acquisition rates according to the congestion level in a distributed manner, thereby alleviating and avoiding congestion as much as possible. It also makes its best effort to deliver information of high priorities in a timely manner and ensure uninterrupted sensing. Our experiments demonstrate that the scheme offers a much higher delivery rate of the high-priority data compared with the original scheme when the network undergoes different levels of congestion.
Application development in the Internet of Things (IoT) is challenging because it involves dealing with a wide range of related issues such as lack of separation of concerns in multiple layers and lack of high-level abstractions to address both the large scale and heterogeneity. Moreover, stakeholders involved in the application development have to address issues spanning to multiple life-cycles. Therefore, a critical challenge is to enable IoT application development with minimal effort from various stakeholders involved in the development process. Several approaches to tacking this challenge have been proposed in the fields of wireless sensor networks and ubiquitous and pervasive computing, regarded as precursors to the modern day of IoT. However, although existing approaches provide a wide range of features, stakeholders have specific application development requirements and choosing an appropriate approach requires thorough evaluations on different aspects. To date, this aspect has been investigated to a limited extend. In view of this, this paper provides an extensive set of evaluations based on our previous work on IoT application development framework. Specifically, we evaluate our approach in terms of (1) development effort: the effort required to create a new application, (2) reusability: the extend to which software artifacts can be reused during application development, (3) expressiveness: the characteristics of IoT applications that can be modeled using our approach, (4) memory metrics: the amount of memory and storage a device needs to consume in order to run an application under our framework, and (5) comparison of our approach with state of the art in IoT application development on various dimensions, which does not only provide a comprehensive view of state of the art, but also guides developers in selecting an approach given application requirements in hand. We believe that the above different aspects provide the research community with insight into evaluating, selecting, and developing useful IoT frameworks and applications. [Copyright notice will appear here once 'preprint' option is removed.]
Internet of Things (IoT) and its
relevant technologies have been attracting the attention of researchers from academia, industry, and government in recent years. However, since the requirements of the IoT are quite different from what the Internet today can offer, several innovative techniques have been gradually developed and incorporated into IoT, which is referred to as the Future Internet of Things (FIoT). Among them, how to extract “data” and transfer them into “knowledge” from sensing layer to application layer has become a vital issue. This paper begins with an overview of IoT and FIoT, followed by discussions on how to apply data mining and computational intelligence to FIoT. An intelligent data management framework inspired by swarm optimization will then given. Finally, open issues and future trends of this field will be addressed.
Currently, the typical challenges that manufacturing enterprises faced are the lack of timely, accurate and consistent information of manufacturing things (resources) during manufacturing execution. Real-time information visibility and traceability allows decision makers to make better-informed shop-floor decisions. In this article, a real-time information capturing and integration architecture of the internet of manufacturing things (IoMT) is presented to provide a new paradigm by extending the techniques of IoT to manufacturing field. Under this architecture and its key components, the manufacturing things such as operators, machines, pallets, materials etc. can be embedded with sensors, they can interact with each other. Considering the challenges of processing a huge amount of real-time data into useful information and exchange it among the heterogeneous application systems, a Real-time Manufacturing Information Integration Service (RTMIIS) has been designed to achieve seamless dual-way connectivity and interoperability among enterprise layer, workshop floor layer and machine layer. Finally, a near-life scenario has been used to illustrate the proof-of-concept application of the proposed IoMT.
It sounds like mission impossible to connect everything on the Earth together via Internet, but Internet of Things (IoT) will dramatically change our life in the foreseeable future, by making many "impossibles" possible. To many, the massive data generated or captured by IoT are considered having highly useful and valuable information. Data mining will no doubt play a critical role in making this kind of system smart enough to provide more convenient services and environments. This paper begins with a discussion of the IoT. Then, a brief review of the features of "data from IoT" and "data mining for IoT' is given. Finally, changes, potentials, open issues, and future trends of this field are addressed.
This paper discusses the specific area of M2M applications - Wired Smart Home. It contains the overview of requirements to Wired Smart Home in the scope of energy metering, security, and emergency communications. We consider ETSI activities on M2M standardization, Open Metering System specification, and Emergency Communications. In the field of software issues, we offer a newer web tool - Web Intents as a modern enhancement of M2M middleware. Also, the experience in Wired Smart Home implementation is given.
This paper describes the current state of open APIs for M2M applications as well as proposes a couple of possible changes and extensions. Open API provides a portable platform for services that may be replicated and ported between different execution environments and hardware platforms. The more elaborated specification to date, presented as an Application Programming Interface (Open API) from ETSI, provides applications with a rich framework of core network capabilities upon which to build services while encapsulating the underlying communication protocols. We would like to propose the possible extensions for ETSI documents that, by our opinion, let keep telecom development in sync with the modern approaches in the web development.
Mashup, a way to compose a new service from existing services, is expected to play a great role in internet of things (IoT) environment. Many recent researches suggest that mashup in IoT environment is possible with existing web mashup technology if each thing exposes its functionalities as a web service. However, this approach may have limitations in dealing with many heterogeneous devices and computation scalability in the presence of large number of things involved. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based IoT mashup service model, called IoT Mashup as a Service (IoTMaaS), to overcome heterogeneity of devices by following the model driven architecture principles and computational scalability based on cloud computing paradigm. We also design a cloud platform on which IoTMaaS be executed in harmony with stakeholders such as end users, device manufacturers, and cloud computing providers. We proved the concept of the architecture by implementing a prototype platform with an vacant room detection application.
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