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Production of trust: institutional sources of economic structure
... Williamson (1993) Characteristic-based trust Deals with trust due to characteristics of persons, such as ethnic group or religious affiliation. [based on Zucker, 1986]. Husted (1998) Cognition-based trust ...
... Such trust is produced, for example, in the form of a reputation based on a history of fair dealing. [based on Zucker, 1986]. Husted (1998) Relationship-based trust ...
... A high level of trust allows the parties to focus on the long-term benefits of the relationship. Zucker (1986) and Husted (1998) described the so-called process-based trust which is reflected here as a long-term pattern of exchange between the bound parties. In a supply chain relationship, trust corrects short-term inequities to achieve long-term benefits (Anderson and Weitz, 1989) and buyer/supplier trusting beliefs positively impact strategic information sharing (Klein and Rai, 2009). ...
... Social trust is important for modern state systems and social stability in both developed and developing countries, and trust can be effective in increasing investment rates and promoting economic development (According to scholars, social trust is mainly defined as follows: sometimes trust in someone comes from one's own intuition, which is often referred to as trust based on personality traits [1], sometimes it comes from emotion or identification, such as with relatives, friends, classmates, etc. [2][3][4], and also sometimes based on adequate information and decisions made by rational economists, such as insurance brokers, real estate brokers, etc. [4][5][6], and more often will be based on institutional trust, such as trust in the government, military, hospitals, etc. [7][8][9]. In this paper, we chose the second one, i.e., social trust being derived from emotions or identity, such as trust arising from people such as relatives, friends, and classmates) [10]. ...
... One scholar pointed out that many scholars have debated whether the communication effect of new online media is positive or negative but failed to reach a consensus [3]. According to behavioral economics and the "propaganda to persuade" theory, some believe that the mainstream values of media propaganda are still accepted by people, and the media can mobilize the audience to agree with the political and economic policies of national reform, which positively impact social and political stability. ...
... Similar to Wang, this study considered the view that the current media advocacy and education reinforce the "media propaganda and mobilization effect." Furthermore, it accepted the view that the current media propaganda and education are ineffective/counterproductive due to the "boomerang effect of media propaganda" (The boomerang effect of propaganda was first presented by Merton et al. in their discussion of early radio and film propaganda and was used to refer to the ineffectiveness or negative effectiveness of radio and film propaganda [3,30,55]. Therefore, on the one hand, online public opinion can expand horizons, increase the frequency of social interactions, and enhance trust; on the other hand, online public opinion increases suspicion and indifference among strangers brought by negatively oriented news and intensifies the negative impact on people's social trust [56]. This study proposed the following research question based on the mechanism of the influence of information access on rural residents' social trust: rural residents' social trust is affected by the way they access information due to the "media propaganda and mobilization effect" and the "boomerang effect of media propaganda." ...
The Internet is bound to profoundly impact public social trust. This study empirically investigated the impact of rural residents’ access to information on social trust based on the tracking survey data of Chinese households, which covered a sample size of 12,042 rural residents from 25 provinces and cities. We found that: (1) The modes of access to information had a significant positive impact on rural residents’ social trust. Specifically, as the time spent using the Internet or television for news increased, rural residents’ trust in others also increased, which is known as the “media propaganda and mobilization effect.” The use of the Internet had a higher impact coefficient than the use of TV. (2) A substitution effect was detected between the ways rural residents accessed news via the Internet and television. (3) Rural residents used the Internet less frequently than urban residents to obtain news but were more influenced by the Internet regarding social trust. (4) The information-disadvantaged groups among rural residents were mainly women, old people, and people with low education. The government should attach great importance to the influence of media on social trust and needs to actively improve the digital literacy of disadvantaged groups of rural residents and combat and eliminate the “digital divide” to enhance rural residents’ social trust.
... Gefen et al. (2003b) classified the antecedents to trust into four types [24]: (1) knowledge-based trust, which focuses on trust building through repeated interactions; (2) cognition-based trust or initial trust, which focuses on trust building though first impressions rather than [25]. Zucker (1986) identified three mechanisms to establish trust [26]: (1) processbased trust, which has similar meanings as knowledge-based trust; (2) characteristic based trust, which implies that trust is established based on social similarities, such as families, ethnicities, or racial origins; and (3) institution-based trust [23]. Other scholars such as Kim proposed a simple category after a careful review of the diverse trust antecedents, self-perception based and the transference-based forms of trust. ...
... Gefen et al. (2003b) classified the antecedents to trust into four types [24]: (1) knowledge-based trust, which focuses on trust building through repeated interactions; (2) cognition-based trust or initial trust, which focuses on trust building though first impressions rather than [25]. Zucker (1986) identified three mechanisms to establish trust [26]: (1) processbased trust, which has similar meanings as knowledge-based trust; (2) characteristic based trust, which implies that trust is established based on social similarities, such as families, ethnicities, or racial origins; and (3) institution-based trust [23]. Other scholars such as Kim proposed a simple category after a careful review of the diverse trust antecedents, self-perception based and the transference-based forms of trust. ...
... Perceived similarity means social similarities such as common characteristics the trustor perceives of the trustee including interests, values, experiences, and demographic traits (age, sex, occupation, and cultural background). Researchers have found the trust building mechanism exists in establishing a new trust relationship between two sufficiently similar users based on similarity [23] [26] [36] [37]. Walczuch, R. and H. Lundgren (2004) believe that people with a high level of perceived similarity tend to attract one another more; thus, members tend to be more influenced by the norms and values of similar members than dissimilar ones [29], contributing to the development of close relationships and trust. ...
... Additionally, prior studies demonstrated that trust in the platform provider is closely correlated with mutual trust among platform users. Chen et al. [37] explained that trust in the platform provider benefits from mutual trust among platform users, and Zucker [43] insisted that mutual trust among users can be transferred to institutional trust. Due to the nature of Karrot, where interactions between the platform and other users simultaneously occur, this study assumed that both trust toward Karrot and trust among other Karrot users should be considered. ...
... Palmatier et al. [48] demonstrated that relational investments such as time, effort, spending, and resources are crucial antecedents of trust. If such an investment from a seller suffers from a buyer's no-show behavior, it can cause negative emotions or attitudes among sellers and severe consequences of lost trust among users and, in turn, toward the platform [43]. The following hypotheses are therefore proposed. ...
This study investigates the factors influencing users’ trust in and loyalty to Karrot, a Korean consumer-to-consumer secondhand marketplace platform. This research develops a model with key variables based on the dual model of post-adoption phenomena and adds variables reflecting the specific context of Karrot. An online survey of 305 Karrot users was conducted in South Korea during 19–23 May 2022; the data obtained were analyzed by SEM. The results reveal that two types of trust—trust in Karrot and mutual trust among Karrot users—are direct antecedents of loyalty. Mutual trust among Karrot users is an essential predictor of trust in Karrot. Economic benefits and perceived platform functionality are positively associated with trust in Karrot. Psychological ownership and information interactions were shown to be the important determinants of mutual trust among Karrot users. This study contributes to extending the horizons of post-adoption research by understanding users’ affective and practical motivations for trust and loyalty and by confirming the significant role of two types of trust in forming loyalty. Moreover, this study also provides implications for practitioners of C2C secondhand market platforms to develop their management strategies and expand their customer base.
... Institutions are the basis on which social trust is built (Zucker 1986). Therefore, an institutional change implies a change in the basis of social trust, thus in the level of social trust inevitably. ...
... High-quality institutions are the basis for building social trust (Zucker 1986). Highquality institutions are effective in protecting property rights, contracts, and the rights of investors and creditors, and in improving the effectiveness of legal enforcement. ...
The process of trade liberalization is also a process of deepening and improving China’s institutions, which will certainly have a profound impact on social trust, but literature on how trade liberalization affects trust is scarce. This paper examines the impact of import trade liberalization on Chinese residents’ social trust using a fixed-order regression model based on the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data from 2010 to 2017. The study finds that import trade liberalization significantly contributes to the enhancement of social trust among Chinese residents. The mechanism analysis confirms that import trade liberalization enhances the social trust of Chinese residents mainly through the channel of improving institutional quality. Heterogeneity analysis shows that different sensitivities to institutions of heterogeneous individuals lead to a more significant contribution of import trade liberalization to residents’ social trust levels in highly institutionalized regions, party and government organs, the military, non-agricultural households, and higher educated groups of residents. The findings of this paper imply that building an all-around opening pattern in the new era can contribute to the enhancement of mutual trust in Chinese society.
... Perceived legislative capacity reflects a type of institutional trustworthiness since the city council is a collective body or a structural entity (Zucker 1986) designed to monitor and guide city managers. With institutional trust, or "system" trust in Luhmann's (1979) term, politicians have less worry that discretion may go awry. ...
... If legislative capacity is viewed as the ability to monitor and guide bureaucrats through mechanisms such as "police patrolling" and "fire alarms" (McCubbins et al. 1987;Shipan, 2004), then it reflects a type of institutional trust (Zucker 1986). It enables politicians to notice bad policies or programs so that they can block or punish bureaucrats' decisions, reducing the fear that discretion may lead to negative consequences. ...
Challenging the assumptions of the principal‐agent theory, the recent bureaucratic politics literature contends that politicians do not necessarily have weaker capacities and bureaucrats are not necessarily bad apples. What this means for the delegation decision remains underexplored, particularly regarding how legislative capacity and bureaucratic reputation jointly affect delegation. We examine this issue with a trust perspective and a survey experiment of city mayors. Treating bureaucratic reputation as individual trustworthiness and perceived legislative capacity as institutional trustworthiness, we find they interact in complex ways in influencing delegation. When bureaucratic reputation is high, perceived legislative capacity is not associated with delegation. Perceived legislative capacity matters only when bureaucratic reputation is low, and high capacity relates to greater delegation willingness than when capacity is not considered. The findings have implications for studies on delegation, discretion, and bureaucratic reputation.
... While "definitions" of trust are legion, we suggest that the general empirical phenomenon underlying all conceptions of trust in the social sciences are all variations of more general notion of reliance (Nickel, 2009). Instead of asking, why, or how much people "trust," asking when and why people rely on a particular person, object, or institution provides a more productive starting point (Granovetter, 1985(Granovetter, , 2017Zucker, 1986). A key advantage of turning to the notion of reliance, is it allows us to be theoretically neutral as to the cause of the phenomenon. ...
... With institution-based trust (e.g. Zucker, 1986) there is the implicit or explicit presumption that such trust differs from, say, interpersonal or social trust. However, in both cases, this makes an analytic issue of what should be an empirical question: is relying on a person different from relying on institutions, organizations, incentive structures or third-party enforcers of norms? ...
Drawing on the dual process framework from social and cognitive psychology, this paper reconciles two distinct conceptualizations of trust prevalent in the literature: “rational” calculative and irrational “affective” or normative. After critically reviewing previous attempts at reconciliation between these distinctions, we argue that the notion of trust as “reliance” is the higher order category of which “deliberate trust” and “intuitive faith” are subtypes. Our revised approach problematizes the conflation of epistemic uncertainty with phenomenological uncertainty while providing sound footing for a key sociological insight: that reliance on the routine social order is both the cognitive default and based on substantial practical evidence. We develop two broad suggestions for future research from these implications: (1) sociological research should examine the role of intuitive faith—as opposed to deliberate trust—in late modern societies, and (2) analysts should challenge the role of deliberate trust as the “modal” form of reliance in contemporary research.
... Los juicios de confianza basados en la similitud o la pertenencia a un grupo pueden tener consecuencias muy reales en el funcionamiento de las escuelas. Las personas tienden a confiar más fácilmente en quienes perciben como semejantes en términos de antecedentes familiares, estatus social o etnia en base al supuesto de que han adoptado normas similares a través de una educación similar (Zucker, 1986). Inversamente, hay mayores probabilidades que las personas recelen de quienes no pertenecen a su grupo y que más fácilmente generen estereotipos en forma más negativa que respecto a los miembros del propio grupo. ...
... La confianza se profundiza y se torna más auténtica conforme las personas interactúan entre sí y van desarrollando un conocimiento mutuo (Zucker, 1986). Las relaciones maduran a medida que aumenta la frecuencia y duración de las interacciones, así como cuando los directivos enfrentan conjuntamente diferentes desafíos. ...
Los académicos Elizabeth Gil y Muhammad Khalifa, plantean lo que consideran una nueva dimensión del liderazgo para los directivos escolares, que debe ser integrada a los modelos tradicionales y que se basa en ser culturalmente sensible a la comunidad que se atiende en la escuela. Este enfoque responde de una manera no convencional y políticamente comprometida a la habitual exhortación a tomar en consideración el contexto socio-cultural para el trabajo escolar, en particular en los establecimientos estadounidenses de alta complejidad racial, dónde tanto latinos como afrodescendientes suelen ser marginalizados. Se parte del principio de que la escuela debe escuchar, validar y aprender de la cultura de los estudiantes y sus familias, asegurándose que sus prioridades sean también las prioridades escolares, así como entendiendo su punto de vista ante las dinámicas educativas y los conflictos.
... Following these certifications permits a company to use the Ecomark tag to produce an advantage for "green" products. These EU certifications of ecological products are in fact contracts connecting consumers and suppliers regulated by institutionalized trust (Zucker, 1986). As we see from, for instance, US history, the legal system and trade laws protected contracts and market transactions. ...
... The system, where lawyers, banks, accountants, and others certify governance mechanisms, safeguards business transactions. Economic growth of ecological products "reflect[s] the need for institutional production of trust" (Zucker, 1986). ...
The unethical behavior of greenwashing threatens the growth of sustainable products and markets. Greenwashing degrades essential efforts to reduce climate change and pollution and to promote social justice. False marketing communication that claims products are sustainable hurts the value of green products and weakens customer capability to prefer sustainable to nonsustainable products. Greenwashing also eliminates trust in "green" products. Markets infected by fake "green" products ultimately fail to provide the necessary sustainable transformation. Our study demonstrates that consumer access to reliable transparent, traceable, and tamperproof product information counteracts perceived greenwashing among consumers of ecological foods. Furthermore, our data indicate that blockchain information significantly more than certification systems safeguard consumers against the threat of green-washing. Information validating authenticity promotes the development of sustainable products, protects intellectual property rights for suppliers of green products, and safeguards the supply of green products to consumers. Consumers need key information that ensures the provenance of green products. Conventional wisdom endorses certifications to constrain greenwashing. However, we find that blockchain information dimensions protect brands against perceived greenwashing more robustly than certification systems. K E Y W O R D S green certification, greenwashing, tamperproof information, traceability, transparency
... Earlier, Zucker [32] proposed process-based trust, featurebased trust and institution-based trust as the three core factors of trust building. Later, McKnight, et al. [33] proposed institutional trust, interpersonal trust and trust propensity as the three antecedents of initial trust. ...
... Other scholars, such as Castelfranchi and Falcone [34], have categorized interpersonal trust as institutional trust. According to Zucker [32], institution-based trust is based on individual-or firm-specific attributes or intermediary mechanisms. den Butter, et al. [35] state that the establishment of institutional trust relies greatly on professional certification, a service economy, regulation and legislation. ...
Consumers are reluctant to engage in e-commerce, due in part, to a lack of trust in the e-merchants, in the e-commerce technology and in the business process. Few prior studies investigating consumers’ trust behaviour in relation to e-retailers have addressed different combinations of third-party services and third-party platforms. However, the importance of both of these to the cross-border e-commerce market is self-evident. This paper aims to explore the development of institutional trust in platforms based on the level of the third-party services provided and ultimately, to develop a complete study of online transaction intentions as driven by the platform institutions. An online survey was conducted to collect the data, and 445 respondents completed and returned the questionnaire. Based on the structure of the data, partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to assess the effects of specific factors on institutional trust and on initial trust. Preliminary findings suggest that third-party logistics, payments and certification significantly enhance consumers’ trust in an online platform system and in turn, their trust in the e-retailers. Furthermore, the perceived usefulness of a platform and the trustworthiness of word-of-mouth comment can both significantly influence online trust. The study builds an extended online trust model to explore in greater detail. On the one hand, the model will enable platform management to understand users’ demands for third-party services better and so improve the platform system. On the other hand, the model can help e-retailers to form a comprehensive understanding of the third-party platform system, and it can guide them in making use of a platform to improve their sales performance.
... This norm states: '1) We should not do harm to those who helped us, and 2) we should help those who helped us.' (Picot et al. 2003: 128). The fact that trust must be based on repeated interactions refers explicitly to interpersonal forms of trust which stand side by side with institutional-based forms of trust which emerge in the context of organizations (Zucker 1986;Lewicki and Bunker 1995: 135ff. and 167;Lewicki et al. 1998: 438). ...
... These various antecedents of trust (input variables) reflect the fact that these variables may act either on interpersonal-or on institutional-based trust (Zucker 1986;Lewicki and Bunker 1995: 135ff. and 167;Lewicki et al. 1998: 438). ...
To cooperate with an outside investor might be considered to be a significant step for a family firm as such a relationship may threaten its identity as a 'family owned business'. The propensity to collaborate is directly linked with the level of trust between the family firm and the investor. Though empirical studies demonstrate trust to be a facilitating factor in the transaction process it has not yet become clear how trust between parties develops. The goal of this analysis, based on Mayer et al.'s model of trust and supported by empirical results, is to identify the relevant influencing factors and hence to enlighten trust formation over time.
... Yet, it is precisely under conditions of high uncertainty when trust is particularly difficult to produce, given the trustor's difficulty to reliably predict the trustee's level of trustworthiness. Thus, many forms of trust production, and in particular institution-based trust production mechanisms, are fundamentally aimed at reducing uncertainty (Bachmann, 2001;Zucker, 1986). Taken together, these two positions result in an intriguing paradox (Krishnan, et al., 2006;Yamagishi, 2011): trust is more important when uncertainty is high but its presence reduces this very uncertainty. ...
... -A broader understanding of institution-based trust. Institutions are central to prominent accounts of trust production (Bachmann & Inkpen, 2011;Fuglsang & Jagd, 2015;Möllering, 2006;Nooteboom, 2007;Owen & Currie, forthcoming;Schilke, et al., 2017;Zucker, 1986), but most of these discussions have focused on a rather limited set of institutions, such as reputation systems and intermediaries. Broadly understood as takenfor-granted, normatively sanctioned role structures and interaction orders (Ocasio, et al., 2017), institutions are everywhere (albeit certainly not everything, Ocasio & Gai, 2020). ...
This is a Call for Papers for Organization Studies Special Issue with a theme on "Trust in Uncertain Times" with dl. June 30th, 2023.
https://journals.sagepub.com/pb-assets/cmscontent/OSS/Final%20SI%20Trust%20in%20Uncertain%20Times-1653543976.pdf
... Trust comes not entirely from a particular party's actions but from the relational bonds between the parties and the implicit assumptions that others have respect and concern for one's welfare (Barber, 1983;Gambetta, 1988;Lewis & Weigert, 1985). These implicit assumptions are primarily taken for granted and unacknowledged until violated (Luhmann, 1979;Zucker, 1986). When the employee believes that a breach occurred, regardless of whether that belief is valid or whether an actual infringement took place, it has an impact on their behavior and attitudes. ...
This research aims to assess the relationship of psychological safety and trust on employee job satisfaction. Individual job satisfaction is essential to personal and professional accomplishments, impacting team success, and achieving optimal organizational performance. A safe environment is a critical factor to achieve job satisfaction. When employees feel safe, learning occurs more quickly, peers rely on each other, and team performance improves. Trust in peers and management influences psychological safety development. Therefore, understanding the role of psychological safety and trust in the development of engaged employees is essential. In this paper, we approach the idea that psychological safety is a prerequisite to trust, and we believe trust mediates the relationship between psychological safety and job satisfaction. A quantitative approach using correlation and mediation tested the theory of the effect trust has on psychological safety and job satisfaction. Responses from 283 nurses at a large teaching hospital revealed that psychological safety is linked to job satisfaction and mediated by trust. Overall, this study suggests that psychological safety precedes trust and collectively increases individual job satisfaction. Managers can draw upon the potential, but frequently untapped benefits, of cultivating a safe space by developing a sincere and trusting relationship with employee-partners thus increasing job satisfaction.
... Economists view trust as either calculative (Williamson 1993) or institutional (North 1990). Sociologists define trust as socially embedded in the properties of relationships among people (Granovetter 1985) or institutions (Zucker 1986). Psychologists mostly structure their assessments of trust in terms of attributes of trustors and trustees and focus on a host of internal cognitions that personal attributes produce (Tyler 1990). ...
This chapter reviews studies analyzing the concept of trust, retracing the origins of the notion, and examining its practical measurement in detail. As trust is a multifaceted concept, the chapter illustrates its various definitions and different delineations in several disciplines. It also offers a detailed review of the different ways of measuring of trust, including recent experimental methods. The chapter then focuses on a specific form of trust, namely trust in institutions. Institutional trust refers to citizens’ evaluations not only of the government and other public institutions, but also of individuals such as political leaders. A comprehensive exploration of studies in this field offers an overview of the main determinants of institutional trust and the different pillars on which the concept is built. The chapter discusses trust in traditional national institutions such as the government, the parliament, the judicial system, the police, and the civil service. Finally, the chapter briefly reviews trust in nongovernmental institutions, including trust in international institutions, the media, and science.
... Las investigaciones sobre confianza se han ocupado de: causas para la generación de la confianza (McKnight, Cum mings y Chervany, 1998;Lewicki y Bunker, 1996;Lewicki, Tomlinson y Gillespie, 2006) y las consecuencias que ella ge nera (Creed y Miles, 1996;Dirks y Ferrin, 2002;Gulati, 1995;Powell, 1990;Oliver, 1997;Zucker, 1986). Si bien lo anterior podría interpretarse como el resultado de una afinidad general al concepto de confianza, en realidad, los autores discrepan en cuanto a lo que este significa. ...
En este capítulo se aborda la relación entre la confianza
y la estrategia. Específicamente entre Trusting,1 que alude al carácter dinámico de la confianza; y la emergencia de una práctica de la estrategia, que se relaciona con aquello que las personas hacen en la organización, relacionado con la estrate gia. Trusting es la principal contribución de una tesis doctoral que se inscribe en el campo de investigación de la estrategia como práctica o Strategizing, cuyo despliegue ha sido modesto en América Latina (Reyes y Rivas, 2019). No obstante, los es 1 fuerzos realizados desde la Universidad EAFIT han permitido que la comunidad internacional la reconozca como pionera de
la difusión de esta perspectiva (Seidl, 2019).
... Although these forms of trust vary, they are related (Meyerson et al., 1996). Zucker (1986) emphasises that institutional trust is the most imperative trust-creating mode among impersonal economic environments, a recent example of which would be Internet banking. The absence of institutional trust can hinder consumers from accepting e-commerce (Bhattacherjee, 2002). ...
Transactions carried out in the uncertain and impersonal conditions of the Internet require substantial levels of trust. Obtaining customers’ trust is therefore imperative to cultivating and nurturing long-lasting and profitable customer-firm relationships in online environments. Surprisingly however, there is currently a dearth of research on the effects of trust on customers’ acceptance of e-commerce in Africa. This paper investigates the effects of the components of institutional trust on perceptions of ease of use and usefulness, as well as attitudes towards use on customers’ intentions to use Internet banking services. An integrated research model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was built and empirically tested using data obtained from 390 retail banking customers in South Africa. The results show that the proposed model possesses high explanatory capabilities as it could explain 61 per cent of the variance in Internet banking use intentions. The study results further show that situational normality is neither a salient determinant of customers’ attitudes towards use of internet banking nor their use intention, whereas structural assurance is. By examining the effects of institutional trust on the TAM’s variables, especially in a developing African country, this study does not only provide insights for managers in their efforts to achieve rapid adoption of Internet banking, but also contributes to the literature on the topic.
... Confiança é um fenômeno interpessoal (GULATI, 1995). Ao conceber as organizações como aglomerações de pessoas é possível considerar de forma análoga a existência de confiança entre empresas nas transações econômicas (ZUCKER, 1986). A delimitação de confiança é complexa, uma vez que se trata de um conceito meso, que associa processos de níveis psicológicos e dinâmicas de grupo com arranjos de níveis institucionais (HOUSE; ROUSSEAU; THOMAS--HUNT, 1995). ...
Este estudo analisa os reflexos da cooperação no desempenho de franquias, mediados pelo compartilhamento de informações e pela confiança interorganizacional. Uma pesquisa de levantamento foi realizada com gestores de empresas franqueadas do setor de comércio varejista de produtos farmacêuticos, e se obteve 151 respostas válidas. Os resultados da modelagem de equações estruturais revelaram que, na percepção dos gestores, os construtos da Teoria da Cooperação estão presentes nas interações interfirmas com a franqueadora, exceto a dimensão disposição à adaptação de mudanças. Destacam-se o compartilhamento de informações e a confiança interorganizacional, por estimularem comportamentos cooperativos para melhorar o desempenho organizacional. Conclui-se que o compartilhamento de informações e a confiança interorganizacional, quando mediadoras do efeito da cooperação, se traduzem em desempenho das franquias. Além dos esforços coordenados de cooperação, elucida-se aos franqueados maneiras de reforçar o seu relacionamento interfirmas, pelo compartilhamento de informações e a confiança interorganizacional, com reflexos no desempenho das franquias.
... Based on this general relation between integrity-based trust and knowledge acquisition, we further argue that integrity-based trust-in contrast to ability-based trust and benevolence-based trust-will be more effective for providing and receiving knowledge in host countries with strong legal safeguards as compared to host countries with weak legal safeguards, because in the latter the potential damage resulting from a partner's unfavorable behavior is decreased. In an environment with weak legal safeguards, there are less formal standards for assessing acceptable behavior and the threat of sanctioning adverse behavior is less credible (Bachmann & Inkpen, 2011;Gaur et al., 2022;Zucker, 1986). In the case of the adverse behavior of either partner, damage for the other partner-that is, an illegitimacy spillover-would only occur when the adverse behavior is scrutinized and sanctioned, which is less likely in host countries with weak legal safeguards (Cuervo-Cazurra et al., 2021). ...
... As such, the theory posits that institutions must be ethical and trustworthy in their business conduct (Kasper-Fuehrera and Ashkanasy 2001). The extant studies have found that effective and successful firms embed trust in their business operations (Zucker 2008;Nooteboom 2002). Accordingly, considering that insurance is a financial undertaking between parties to guarantee risk taking, trust is a vital foundation of the agreement (Mohy-Ul-Din et al. 2019). ...
The study examined the impact of perceived value, insurance literacy and perceived trust on insurance inclusion in Uganda. The study employed a cross-sectional design to solicit responses from 400 individuals that voluntarily enrolled on an insurance programme. The study hypotheses were tested using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling. The results showed that perceived value, insurance literacy and perceived trust have a significant and positive prediction of insurance inclusion in Uganda. However, perceived trust explained more of the variations in insurance inclusion than perceived value and insurance literacy. Overall, the predictor variables explained 63.2% of the variance in insurance inclusion. This study contributes to the limited nascent literature on insurance inclusion. The implication of this study is that insurance providers need to focus on trust and delivering value to customers in order to promote insurance inclusion. Further, the study proffers advice to policymakers to include insurance literacy in the national financial inclusion strategies to foster insurance inclusion.
... Trust as a general concept can be defined as "a set of expectations shared by all those in an exchange" (Zucker, 1986). However, defining eGovernment trust is a more complicated issue because of the different factors that can affect citizens' trust, as well as the broad range of stakeholders who contribute (to varying extents) to a 'trusted eGovernment'. ...
... Yetkinlik boyutu örgütlerin sahip olduğu itibar ve işe yaklaşımlarındaki profesyonellik, örgütlerin teknolojik anlamda üst düzey donanıma sahip olmaları sonucunda elde ettikleri olumlu sonuçlar, bu sonuçlar sonucunda başka ortakların örgütle çalışmak istemesi gibi örgütün verimliliğini arttırmayı sağlayacak etkenleri içermektedir (O'Brien, 1995;Mishra, 1996). Blomqvist ve Ståhle (2000) tarafından yapılan sınıflandırmanın ikinci boyutu olan iyi niyet, örgütsel kültürün kabulü, örgütsel kültürün içindeki içsel etkileşim, eşitlik, karşılıklılık, inanılırlık, güvenlik, paylaşılan değerler, sosyal benzerlik, bireysel çekim, örgütteki bireylerin kendisine benzer kişilerle ilişki kurmaya yatkınlığı, sosyalleşme ve paylaşılan anlamlar yaratma, yönetim felsefesi, amaçlar ve örgütsel yapıyı içermektedir (Barnes, 1991;Creed ve Miles, 1996;Dodgson, 1992;Sydow, 1998;Whitener ve ark., 1998;Zucker, 1986). Örgütsel güvenin Blomqvist ve Ståhle'e (2000) göre yapılan sınıflandırmaya göre son öncelleri ise davranış boyutundadır. ...
... trustors' prior experience with the target contributes to their knowledge and expertise about this company, and the level of the trust could be increased along with accumulation of the number of successful transaction. Many studies reveal a negative relationship between the amount of experience and the degree to which an individual depends on external information [81]. When evaluating the trustworthiness of a company, customers with less prior experience (i.e. ...
... To resolve potential hindrances to building trust, the theory posits that firms must communicate trustworthiness, cultivate a culture of doing business ethically and create mutuality. Previous scholarly works have argued that effective and successful institutions have embedded trust in their systems (see, for instance, Zucker, 2008;Nooteboom, 2002). Trust is manifested at an interpersonal, group and institutional level. ...
The study aimed to examine the significance of perceived trust dimensions in explaining insurance inclusion in Uganda. Insurance inclusion remained very low in Uganda. Although trust is vital for insurance inclusion, it is not known whether all of its dimensions are relevant for insurance inclusion. As such, hierarchical regression analysis was adopted to investigate the predictive power of the individual dimensions of perceived trust on insurance inclusion. The significance of the individual components was attained by determining the change in the adjusted R2 and the significance of the change. Hence, the results showed that integrity (β = 0.316, p < 0.01), credibility (β = 0.252, p < 0.01) and reliability (β = 0.211, p < 0.01) were significant positive predictors of insurance inclusion. However, the results showed benevolence (β = 0.018, p > 0.05) to have an insignificant positive influence on insurance inclusion in Uganda. The effect of benevolence on insurance inclusion was practically and statistically insignificant. Overall results showed that independent variables explained 50.6% of the variance in insurance inclusion in Uganda when combined. Unlike prior studies that have investigated the general effect of trust as the global variable, the current study examined the impact of the independent dimensions of trust in explaining insurance inclusion. Besides, earlier studies ignored the trust theory, which provides key dimensions for understanding trust. The current study reveals that not all dimensions of perceived trust are significant for insurance inclusion in Uganda.
... Así, interesarse en las violencias sexuales en Chile implica un trabajo multinivel, siendo pertinente mirar los procesos de profesionalización de la intervención en violencias sexuales, ocurrentes a nivel estructural, pero también en la dinámica cotidiana al interior de las organizaciones, la que conduce a la construcción de una identidad profesional por parte de los equipos (Abott, 1991;Scott, 2008;Greenwood et al., 2002). Por su parte, la cultura organizacional de instituciones dedicadas a la intervención en violencias sexuales nos ha dado luces sobre cómo se construye discursivamente el Estado (Abrams et al., 2015) en relación al abordaje de estas, las cuales se han visto influenciadas por cambios en la publicitación, cambios sociales, tecnológicos y de los marcos regulatorios (Zucker, 1987), generando el ingreso de nuevos/as actores/as o la movilidad interna de estos/as (Greenwood et al., 2002). ...
La gestión, tratamiento e intervención de las violencias sexuales para mujeres en Chile da cuenta de un camino aún por recorrer en materia de reconocimiento de esta problemática y su efecto en la acción o inacción del Estado en términos de vulneración de derechos. En este contexto, este artículo busca analizar cómo se configura una expertise dentro de este campo en espacios de intervención interprofesional ofrecidos por el Servicio Nacional de la Mujer y de la equidad de género (SERNAMEG). Las prácticas habituales de las y los profesionales es clave parta leer modos de gestión de la problemática. Particularmente, se presenta la experiencia de los equipos profesionales de los Centros de Violencia Sexual de la Región Metropolitana y de Valparaíso, y a través de ella se analiza el reconocimiento de las violencias sexuales como problema público para poder leer el abordaje de esta desde una óptica de gestión de la vulnerabilidad, develando que el desarrollo de una de las principales respuestas estatales en la materia se sostiene por la acción y compromiso de sus equipos interventivos.
... Une définition très minimaliste, mais qui veut tout dire à propos de cette notion définie par un très grand nombre de chercheurs. Elle est même considérée comme un 419 élément fondamental à l'échange économique et un ensemble d'attentes logiques partagées par l'ensemble des acteurs et impliquées dans cet échange économique (Zucker, 1986), ceci dit que le fait d'établir une relation de confiance est nécessaire afin d'être capable de gérer les attentes des clients (Parasuraman, Berry et Zeithaml 1991). Pour cela, la confiance est définie aussi comme étant la croyance que la parole ou la promesse d'un partenaire est fiable et que celui-ci remplira ses obligations, dans une relation d'échange (Morgan et Hunt, 1994). ...
This article will contribute to the identification and development of the various theoretical identifiers of the customer-supplier relationship in an inter-organizational environment. Indeed, we will develop our work on two parts according to a reasoning which follows a constructivist epistemological paradigm taking its impetus from different theoretical contributions which will be empirically verified thereafter. In the current article, we will initially carry out a theoretical framing of this work consisting in the presentation of the thematic field of research and the identification of the theoretical approaches presented by authors of our topic of research in order to measure the customer-supplier relationship. This theoretical investigation will lead us to identify the model of the “Peak Collaborative Index” which will be adopted within the framework of this article. Furthermore, the second phase of this work will consist of carrying out an empirical survey of companies operating in Morocco’s retail sector with the aim of verifying the applicability and relevance of the variables of the chosen index. So far, we will try to use all the indicators proposed by the Peak Collaborative Index with a view to identifying the customer-supplier relationship. We will also work for the practical verification of the applicability of these indicators in the Moroccan context. For this, we carried out a careful collection of quantitative data using a research questionnaire which will be verified following a confirmatory factor analysis using the SMART PLS 3 software. This will allow us to verify the practical applicability of the Peak Collaborative Index at the level of the retail sector in Morocco.
... Une définition très minimaliste mais qui veut tout dire à propos de cette notion définie par un très grand nombre de chercheurs. Elle est même considérée comme un (Zucker, 1986), ceci-dit que le fait d'établir une relation de confiance est nécessaire afin d'être capable de gérer les attentes des clients (Parasuraman et al., 1991). ...
Le présent article contribuera au repérage et au développement des différents identifiants théoriques de la relation client-fournisseur dans un milieu inter-organisationnel. En effet, nous élaborerons notre travail sur deux parties selon un raisonnement qui suit un paradigme épistémologique constructiviste prenant son élan depuis les différents apports théoriques qui vont être vérifiés empiriquement par la suite. Nous procéderons initialement à un cadrage théorique de ce travail consistant à la présentation du champ thématique de recherche et de l'identification des approches théoriques présentées par les différents chercheurs afin de mesurer la relation client-fournisseur. Cette investigation théorique nous mènera à repérer l'indice du Peak Collaborative Index qui va être adopté dans le cadre de cet article. En effet, la deuxième phase de ce travail consistera à mener une enquête empirique auprès des entreprises opérant dans le secteur de la grande distribution au Maroc afin de vérifier l'applicabilité et la pertinence des variables de l'indice choisi. Décidément, nous essayerons de faire appel à l'ensemble des indicateurs proposés par le Peak Collaborative Index afin d'identifier la relation client-fournisseur et nous oeuvrerons pour la vérification pratique de l'applicabilité de ces indicateurs au niveau du contexte marocain. Pour cela, nous avons procédé à une collecte minutieuse de données quantitatives à l'aide d'un questionnaire de recherche qui vont être vérifiées suite à une analyse factorielle confirmatoire en utilisant le logiciel SMART PLS 3. Cela nous permettra de vérifier l'applicabilité pratique des indicateurs de l'indice du Peak Collaborative Index au niveau du secteur de la grande distribution au Maroc. Abstract This article will contribute to the identification and development of the various theoretical identifiers of the customer-supplier relationship in an inter-organizational environment. Indeed, we will develop our work on two parts according to a reasoning which follows a constructivist epistemological paradigm taking its impetus from different theoretical contributions which will be empirically verified thereafter. In the current article, we will initially carry out a theoretical framing of this work consisting in the presentation of the thematic field of research and the identification of the theoretical approaches presented by authors of our topic of research in order to measure the customer-supplier relationship. This theoretical investigation will lead us to identify the model of the "Peak Collaborative Index" Revue Internationale des Sciences de Gestion ISSN: 2665-7473 Volume 4 : Numéro 4 Revue ISG www.revue-isg.com Page 994 which will be adopted within the framework of this article. Furthermore, the second phase of this work will consist in carrying out an empirical survey of companies operating in Morocco's retail sector with the aim of verifying the applicability and relevance of the variables of the chosen index. So far, we will try to use all the indicators proposed by the Peak Collaborative Index with a view to identify the customer-supplier relationship. We will also work for the practical verification of the applicability of these indicators in the Moroccan context. For this, we carried out a careful collection of quantitative data using a research questionnaire which will be verified following a confirmatory factor analysis using the SMART PLS 3 software. This will allow us to verify the practical applicability of the Peak Collaborative Index at the level of the retail sector in Morocco.
... Çünkü bazı ülkeler belirli alanlarda farklılık göstermektedir (Michaelis, Woisetchlager, veBackhaus, 2008). Zucker (1986) araştırmasına göre kurumsal temeli olmayan şirketler olduğunda müşterilerin güveninin oluşmasında MÜİ etkilemektedir (1986, p. 103). Kurumsallaşma sürecinde makroekonomik ve sosyal yapı nedeniyle şirketlerin uluslararası piyasada güven algısının oluşması zaman aldığı için bu süreçte MÜİ müşteri güvenini daha çok etkilemektedir (DahlstromveNygaard, 1995, 357). ...
Üreticiler veya hizmet sağlayan birimler, ürün ve hizmetlerini müşterilerin isteğine göre planlar ve hazırlarlar. Onlar için önemli olan ilk şey müşterinin isteği, memnuniyeti ve güvenidir. Literatüre kavramsal anlamda katkıda bulunmayı amaçlayan bu çalışmada genel olarak menşe ülke imajının müşteri güveni ve risk algısına olan etkilerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda elde edilen bilgiler ışığında, Azerbaycanlı tüketicilerinin örneklemi oluşturduğu bir anket çalışması yapılarak veriler elde edilmiştir. Araştırma modeli doğrultusunda veriler analiz edilerek bulgular ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma modelinde iki araştırma hipotezi bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki menşe ülke imajının müşteri risk algısı üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır. İkinci araştırma hipotezi de menşei ülke imajının müşteri güveni üzerinde etkisi inde olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Sonuç olarak modelin ileri düzeyde anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur.
... For instance, Kim and Tung (2013) showed that expatriation-related negative experiences of Korean expatriates in India created challenges for their crosscultural adjustment to India as a host country. We complement this literature by theorizing the mechanisms of perceived institutional trust, defined as an individual's expectation that some organized system will act with predictability and goodwill (Zucker, 1986), and workplace discrimination, defined as a situation in which an employee perceives that he/she is being treated in an unfriendly manner or receiving negative treatment on the basis of personal attributes that are not relevant to job performance (Sanchez & Brock, 1996), that have remained largely unexplored in extant literature despite their acknowledged importance for expatriates, as per our discussion above. Thus, building on SET, we explain SIEs' host country withdrawal intention as stemming from SIEs' reciprocation of their career and community embeddedness to the host country in the form of enhanced perceived institutional trust and a more tolerant attitude toward workplace discrimination. ...
In this study, we conceptualize the thus far little explored relationship between expatriate and host country as a form of social exchange governed by the norm of reciprocity. Drawing from social exchange theory and our analysis of 451 self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) living and working in the United Arab Emirates, we examine whether the degree of SIEs’ career and community embeddedness explains their host country withdrawal intention via enhanced perceived institutional trust and a more tolerant attitude toward workplace discrimination. Our results provide general support for our theoretical model and most of our hypotheses. In this way, our article makes three contributions. First, it suggests a novel way to conceptualize the relationship between SIEs and host country as a form of social exchange. Second, it differentiates between two dimensions of embeddedness and explicates how the two contribute to SIEs’ intentions to stay in the host country. Finally, the analysis theorizes and empirically tests two previously little explored mechanisms of enhanced institutional trust and a more tolerant attitude toward workplace discrimination through which SIEs’ host country embeddedness influences their host country withdrawal intentions.
... Institutions are structural arrangements followed by rules of behaviour, where individual and collective actions are oriented to pursue the rules that lend meaning and legitimacy to the behaviour and create social order (Bachmann & Inkpen, 2011). Institutional trusts are combined structures of rules, roles and human actors who generate activities, and people may trust or distrust such entities, depending upon how they perceive them and assess their actions (Zucker, 1986). This form of trust is based on interpersonal trust and occurs between the principal and the agent, the service-provider and the service-receiver, or the benefactor and the beneficiary (Tanny, 2021). ...
This article explains different dimensions of trust relevant to trust in government and, therefore, suggests a brief model for practical application. The study pursues content analysis method for theoretical treatment of knowledge produced from studying secondary sources of literature. Imitating the context, the concept of trust is clarified first, and then dimensions of trust are arranged under two broad heads: institutional trust and social trust. And then follow the analyses and the subdivisions thoroughly. A compendious model is suggested with possible solutions for public trust in government. Explanations claim that aggregation of institutional trust, that is, political, administrative and social trust, might build an array of trustworthy governance, though adequate pertinent literature are not easily available. This paper recommends that trust in government model may be tested for further empirical study.
... Research indicates that online retailers can increase customer confidence by increasing information transparency (Lynch & Ariely, 2000). According to trust theory (Zucker, 1986), trust is formed not only by temporary events. Trust level constantly changes and depends on the parties involved (Phua, 2019). ...
Information transparency is a major influence on customers’ transaction-related decision-making process in an e-commercial environment. However, existing literature still lacks insight into this phenomenon in tourism management research. This study aims to integrate social cognitive theory into a value-based adoption model to investigate relationships between information transparency, perceived value, and continued use of tourism and hospitality e-commerce platforms. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modelling to analyze data collected from 253 respondents. The analysis revealed that product and transaction information transparency had significant positive associations with the convenience and financial benefit of using a travel-related tourism e-commerce platform as perceived by customers. However, it had significant negative associations with the perceived privacy risk and performance uncertainty. On the other hand, perceived value had a significant positive association with continued use. Additionally, service guarantee moderated the negative effects of perceived privacy risk and perceived performance uncertainty on perceived value. Meaningful findings and implications of the empirical data are also discussed.
... Therefore, are we living in a world of erosion of trust which Fukuyama (2003) wrote about? Research confirms that countries and cultures differ significantly in terms of collective trust linked to collectivism, size of society, development strategies (Bachmann and Zaheer, 2006;Bromiley and Cummings, 1995;Dirks and Ferrin, 2001;Dyer andChu, 2003, Hardin, 2002;Kramer et al., 1996;Lane and Bachmann, 1998;Lewicki and Bunker, 1995;McEvily et al., 2008;Mouzas et al., 2007;Peterson et al., 2019;Wyrwa, 2014;Zucker, 1986). ...
An increasing collective trust reduces stress at work in many countries, regardless of national characteristics. The goal of this paper was to investigate whether collective trust is related to occupational stress among bank employees, where 2,279 bank employees were surveyed. Exploratory factor analysis was used to build a collective trust index based on: openness, care, appreciation, common values, honesty/fairness, loyalty, dyadic trust (a direct question about trust), and job security. Cronbach’s alpha allowed to evaluate the quality of the obtained index. The regression then pointed to those aspects of collective trust and metric variables which were relevant to the level of occupational stress. The most important factors which correlate with stress at work were job security, common values and affective commitment. The authors managed to create a stress management model based on collective trust and components of the metrics.
... Trust has a subject of research has been a popular concept across various disciplines like economics (e.g., Williamson, 1993), sociology (e.g., Zucker, 1986) and psychology (e.g., Rotter, 1967). Similarly management as a discipline has been interested in understanding the various conceptions of trust and its importance in predicting critical individual and organizational outcomes. ...
... Institution-based faith refers to separate perspectives on the official setting, counting the structures and rules that keep a setting texture safe (Dirgiatmo et al., 2020;Erkan et al., 2021;Kiveu et al., 2019;McKnight and Chervany, 2001). When there is an absence of a sense of a public with shared standards, circumstances (Eze et al., 2021;Puthur et al., 2020;Zucker, 1986). Due to various cultural norms, expectations, and beliefs, a public occurs on the internet nowadays (Pavlou, 2003). ...
The purpose of this study is to examine citizen’s behaviour towardadoption and usage of e-government services in Pakistan. This studyunderpinned factors such as compatibility, innovativeness, computerself-efficacy, trust on government and trust on the internet to investigatecitizen’s intention to adopt e-govt. services. The research model is furtherextended with actual usage of electronic-government services and degree ofopenness. The degree of openness has conceptualised as moderating variablebetween citizen intention to adopt e-government services and actual usage ofelectronic-government services. Sample size of this study was 368 andresponses were collected from Pakistani citizens. Findings suggest that alloutlined factors have significant impact on intention to adopt of e-governmentservice. In addition to that the mediating effect of citizen’s intention to adopte-government services was also confirmed among compatibility, innovation,computer self-efficacy, trust on the government, trust on the internet and actualusage of e-government services.
... The trust experience is closely related to a given cultural context (Zhang et al., 2019). Social/interpersonal trust relies heavily on personal relationships and interpersonal interaction processes (Zucker, 1986), while political/institutional trust is mainly based on people's expectations regarding the quality of service delivery from their institutional system (Levi, 1998;Rothstein & Stolle, 2001). While various types of trust are regarded by some as conceptually distinct and affected by different socio-ecological factors (Branzei et al., 2007;Navarro-Carrillo et al., 2018;Wang & Wai Li, 2020), they are also interconnected (Zhang et al., 2020). ...
This paper provides a unique perspective for understanding cultural differences: representation similarity—a computational technique that uses pairwise comparisons of units to reveal their representation in higher‐order space. By combining individual‐level measures of trust across domains and well‐being from 13,823 participants across 15 nations with a measure of society‐level tightness–looseness, we found that any two countries with more similar tightness–looseness tendencies exhibit higher degrees of representation similarity in national interpersonal trust profiles. Although each individual's trust profile is generally similar to their nation's trust profile, the greater similarity between an individual's and their society's trust profile predicted a higher level of individual life satisfaction only in loose cultures but not in tight cultures. Using the framework of representation similarity to explore cross‐cultural differences from a multidimensional, multi‐national perspective provide a comprehensive picture of how culture is related to the human activities.
... A confiança institucional, por outro lado, refere-se à maior confiança que o consumidor tem no ambiente institucional, relativamente a questões jurídicas, culturais, políticas, civis e sociais (Zucker, 1986;North, 1990;Raiser, 1999;Sztompka, 1999 ...
Tirando partido das características dos telemóveis e dos smartphones, o mobile marketing, com utilização da tecnologia bluetooth, ganha protagonismo num novo contexto caracterizado pela personalização, localização, singularidade, ubiquidade e interatividade. Com base numa revisão da literatura nas áreas do mobile marketing, do marketing de permissão e do bluetooth marketing, e recorrendo a modelos de comportamento do consumidor consolidados na literatura, este trabalho visa contribuir para a construção e validação de um modelo concetual dos determinantes da intenção de participação em campanhas de bluetooth marketing. Os resultados, obtidos a partir das respostas a um questionário online administrado a uma amostra de 407 indivíduos, evidenciam que a situação contextual, a atitude, a norma subjetiva e o controlo comportamental influenciam diretamente a intenção de aceitação de campanhas de bluetooth marketing. Por seu turno, exercem um efeito indireto sobre a intenção, por intermédio da atitude, a facilidade de utilização, a confiança e a utilidade.
Trust is critical to the establishment and maintenance of working relationships between the parents of children with disabilities and their child’s professional. Knowledge of the specific communication skills needed to secure trust is unclear. The current study investigated the relationship between parent evaluation of professionals’ communication skills and parent trust of professionals. A total of 165 parents responded to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicated that professionals’ communication skills had a significant and moderately positive relationship with the parent trust of professionals. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that parents’ ratings of professionals’ communication competence, and professionals’ use of in-person communication were the only predictors of parent trust of special education professionals, even when other factors were considered. This study’s findings draw attention to the importance communication skills may have in establishing and maintaining trusting relationships with parents.
The concept of organisational trust, has been considered as a promoter of increased performance and, as such, has raised a broad and growing interest in the organisational literature. However, there are other less studied variables with apparently positive links, which have not been consistently confirmed by empirical research and therefore a more thorough understanding is required. The study was carried out in four multinational industrial companies with the primary objective of analysing the relationship between organisational trust, service length (different generations in organisations) and employee gender. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was used — Schoorman and Ballinger’s scale (Leadership, trust and client service in veterinary hospitals. Purdue University, 2006)—which was applied in these four organisations and continues to be one of the most promising instruments for the study of trust between subordinates and leaders or managers. The study provides a set of results that characterize the degree of organisational trust, showing not only that trust is slightly lower among women when compared to men in these organisations, but also that is higher among employees with less service length in the company. In conclusion, the article outlines implications for practice and fosters further discussion and future research.KeywordsMultigeneracional EmployeesHuman resources managementOrganisational trust
In this article, we review the distrust literature and explore whether the universal sequence for trust as outlined by Dietz (Citation2011) and Dietz and Den Hartog (Citation2006) is also true for distrust. Compared to trust, there is much less research on distrust, although the field has been rapidly developing in recent years. We argue that it is time to explore a universal sequence for distrust to take stock of current knowledge and to focus the empirical and conceptual research. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that such a universal sequence is a valuable framework for distrust research. This analytical exercise also forces us to identify tacit assumptions that frame and guide much of the current distrust (and trust) research. In so doing, we identify two main areas that require more attention: 1) the definition of distrust and its relation to trust and 2) the universal sequences and their dynamics. These findings lead to avenues for further research.
In its AI Act, the European Union chose to understand trustworthiness of AI in terms of the acceptability of its risks. Based on a narrative systematic literature review on institutional trust and AI in the public sector, this article argues that the EU adopted a simplistic conceptualization of trust and is overselling its regulatory ambition. The paper begins by reconstructing the conflation of “trustworthiness” with “acceptability” in the AI Act. It continues by developing a prescriptive set of variables for reviewing trust research in the context of AI. The paper then uses those variables for a narrative review of prior research on trust and trustworthiness in AI in the public sector. Finally, it relates the findings of the review to the EU's AI policy. Its prospects to successfully engineer citizen's trust are uncertain. There remains a threat of misalignment between levels of actual trust and the trustworthiness of applied AI.
Secrecy is usually considered destructive to trust. However, people are often involved in conflicting social commitments in which transparency to one trustor may violate the trust of others. Georg Simmel suggests that secrecy can serve important social purposes; consequently, strategically balancing transparency and secrecy can be conducive to social cooperation and building intersubjective trust. This is particularly the case for trusted intermediaries tasked with building trust in multiple conflicting relations. In this study, we investigate how shop stewards actively navigate the transparency–secrecy nexus as trusted intermediaries to build trust and gain maximal influence over management decisions. The study is based on qualitative interviews with 29 shop stewards within the Danish care sector. Shop stewards depend on co-worker trust and transparency, whereas their influence on management requires secrecy and trust, which makes shop stewards vulnerable to criticism and mistrust from their co-workers. This study shows that transparency and secrecy are important trust work tools for creating and maintaining trust, processes that require efficient compartmentalisation of issues, roles, and contextual meaning in separate formal and informal spaces of collaboration with management to avoid co-worker suspicion or conflict with management.
In recent decades, Europe has experienced a major societal challenge-the aging of the human population. The Finnish government has responded to this challenge by focusing on individually tailored services that enable older adults to live independently and comfortably at home for longer with the help of digital assistive technology. This paper presents the findings of an empirical study on how initial trust is formed with regard technology adoption by older people. Four bases of trust (personality, cognitive, calculative, and institutional) underpin the theoretical framework of the study. A qualitative research approach was adopted, utilizing individual and focus group interviews with older people living independently in urban and rural areas of South Finland. The findings derived from thematic analysis offer new insights into the complex and multidimensional process of older people's initial trust formation, which is affected by an interplay of 12 identified factors shaping the four bases of trust and four supplementary factors. These findings lead to propositions for future research.
Although numerous studies related to trust have emerged in recent decades, few studies have explored the impact of subliminal stimuli on trust from an unconscious perspective. This study investigated (a) whether subliminal stimuli could influence interpersonal trust and team trust and (b) whether subjective trust played a mediating role between subliminal stimuli and behavioral trust. It contained two experiments. In Experiment 1, a total of 72 participants took part in a single factor design and completed five tasks. In Experiment 2, a total of 98 participants participated in a single factor design and completed five tasks. Results indicated that subliminal stimuli had a significant impact on interpersonal trust and team trust. Subjective trust played a mediating role between subliminal stimuli and behavioral trust. The results suggest that subliminal priming techniques can influence interpersonal trust and team trust. These techniques first influence subjective trust and then further influence behavioral trust.
This book is about co-leadership: a leadership practice and structure often found in arts organizations that consists of two or three executives who bridge the art and business divide at the top.
Many practitioners recognize this phenomenon but the research on this topic is limited and dispersed. This book assembles a coherent overview and presents new insights of the field. While co-leadership is well institutionalized in the West, it is also criticized for management’s constraint of artistic autonomy and for its pluralism that dilutes leadership clarity. However, co-leadership also personifies the strategic objectives of art, audiences, organization, and community, by addressing plural logics - navigating the demands of artistic vision and organizational stability. It is an integrating solution. The authors investigate its specifics in the arts, including global practice and its interdisciplinary nature. The theoretical frame of plural leadership supports their empirical explorations of the dynamics within the co-leadership relationship and with organizational stakeholders. Data includes the voices of co-leaders, artists, staff, and board members from arts organizations in Canada and Norway. Their abductive reflection generates a stimulating research experience.
By viewing co-leadership in action, not as a study of static theories, the book will appeal not only to students and researchers but also resonate with practitioners in arts and cultural management and assist them to work with co-leadership and to manage its tensions.
This thesis focuses on the importance of trust-based connections in entrepreneurship in developing economy in East Asia, Africa and Latin America. It is made up of three separate articles, each with a different focus. The first article explores unique relationship between trust-based ties and constructive behaviour that might be beneficial to businesses, which is to my knowledge, currently lack meta-analytic study particularly comprises inter-organizational trust-based linkages. The second article explains the relationship between trust (as a social capital) with entrepreneurial activity and economic growth from the macro perspectives, using panel data analysis. Finally, to cater from the micro perspective, the third article examines the role of trust-based ties and perceived environmental dynamism in EO-performance relationship, with sample taken from service sector in Malaysia.
In general, this thesis finds empirical support for the hypothesis “trust-based ties matter for business growth”. The first article finds evidence that trust between organization do support information sharing and commitment in B2B relationship, which ultimately positively associated with business performance. Furthermore, the good of trust ties seem to be lesser for firm that operate in highly hostile and low dynamic environment. At the macro level, the second article shows that the generalized trust variable is not suitable in panel analysis. Furthermore, the broad definition of total entrepreneurial activity variable from GEM might be suitable to be examined in microeconomic level rather than in macroeconomic setting as the study not able to differentiate between these different roles of entrepreneurs. At the micro level, the third article demonstrates that inter-organizational cognitive trust moderates the effect of EO on firm performance. Additionally, this article discovered that environmental dynamism moderates the combined effect of EO and inter-organizational trust on company performance.<br/
A scale of structural requisites of administrative rationality is hypothesized, tested with a sample of thirty-four organizations in varied social settings, andinterpreted as measuring cumulative specificity of organizational roles and their motivation by internal organizational devices. Institutional correlates ofthe scale are explored and suggest that independence from the social setting is positively correlated with rationality. Ascriptive elements in the social setting are found to be negatively related to rationality. Certain hypotheses concerning organizational development are proposed in light of the findings.
In a closely observed study of two Indonesian towns, Clifford Geertz analyzes the process of economic change in terms of people and behavior patterns rather than income and production. One of the rare empirical studies of the earliest stages of the transition to modern economic growth, "Peddlers and Princes" offers important facts and generalizations for the economist, the sociologist, and the South East Asia specialist. ""Peddlers and Princes" is, like much of Geertz's other writing, eminently rewarding . . . Case study and broader theory are brought together in an illuminating marriage." Donald Hindley, "Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science " "What makes the book fascinating is the author's capacity to relate his anthropological findings to questions of central concern to the economist . . . " H. G. Johnson, " Journal of Political Economy ""
Contrary to currently popular notions of organizational culture, we claim that the existence of local organizational cultures that are distinct from more generally shared background cultures occurs relatively infrequently at the level of the whole organization. We also argue that, with respect to organizational performance, particular properties of local organizational culture are more important than others and that local organizational culture will be more critical to performance in one range of organizations than in others. We conclude by applying our point of view to the problem of changing organizational cultures and argue that they are more adaptive than is currently thought.
In the manner of the Creole tradesmen of Louisiana, whose lagniappe to their patrons is legendary, the Editor offers a similar bonus to readers of the Review. Instead of trifling presents added to a purchase, however, our lagniappe will be notes and documents illustrative of the evolution of business enterprise.
This study uses an integrated macro and micro organizational behavior perspective to focus on the difficulty that directors of public agencies have satisfying multiple interest groups. It highlights the conflicting expectations of three interest groups and discusses the implications of these conflicts for the internal decision-making process. The effects of the conflict between the staff's evaluation of effectiveness and the number of clients processed on the role of the agency director are examined. Directors facing conflicting expectations experienced significantly more role-related difficulties than directors facing complementary expectations.
Using the language of exchange theory, this paper analyzes how organizational culture emerges out of the institutional arrangements developed to regulate the exchanges or transactions between members of a social group. From an analysis of the costs of social exchange, the etiology of these institutional arrangements is traced, their characteristics are defined, and three ideal-typical cultural forms are discussed.
Durkheim's analysis of organic solidarity in The Division of Labor contains ambiguities and contradictions. These difficulties can be resolved by abandoning the concept of organic solidarity, as Durkheim himself did in his later work. But if Division is unsuccessful in attaining its explanatory goals, it remains important as Durkheim's first comprehensive analysis of mechanical solidarity.
This study develops a general model of the relationship between variables measuring organizational environments and executive succession within organizations, with particular emphasis on the role of executive movement in developing stable patterns of interorganizational interaction. Such factors as (1) the number of organizations in the industry, (2) the difference in industry concentration from a median value, (3) the growth rate in industry sales, (4) the rate of technological change, (5) the average debt to equity ratio, and (6) the average firm size are related to characteristics of executive recruitment for 20 manufacturing industries. It is found that the movement of executives between firms, which is one form of interorganizational communication, is consistent with hypotheses dealing with the possibility of developing coordinated structures of interorganizational behavior.
The board of directors is considered as an instrument for dealing with the organization's environment. In a random sample of eighty nonfinancial corporations, elements of board size and composition are shown to be systematically related to factors measuring the organization's requirements for coopting sectors of the environment. Organizations that deviate more from an empirically estimated optimal board structure equation are likely to perform more poorly, compared to industry standards.
Administrative intensity in school districts is studied from a theoretical perspective which considers the political and bureaucratic constraints under which resource allocation decisions are made. Hypotheses are formulated about the effect of enrollments and money, growth and decline, and tax elections on kinds of personnel. Federal revenues have stronger effects on supportive personnel than state or local revenues, and districts appear to be more responsive to changes in enrollments and revenues when they have not recently had tax elections than when they have, regardless of whether the tax proposal failed or passed. Growing districts add personnel faster than declining districts in response to changes in enrollments and also in response to changes in revenues.
Our research analyzes the effects of immigration on the rate of growth of educational expansion in the United States from 1890 to 1970. Previous studies have shown that the presence of nativist, Protestant-millenial groups was associated with the early expansion of public primary enrollments. Immigrant groups provide an important contrast to such groups, and several interpretive histories of United States education stress the relationship between immigration and schooling. Using aggregate, time-series analyses, we find that: (1) immigration decreased the rate of growth of public primary and secondary enrollments between 1890 and 1924; (2) immigration increased the rate of growth of private primary and secondary enrollments during this period; (3) immigration increased the rate of growth of public primary and secondary enrollments between 1925 and 1970; and (4) immigration decreased the rate of growth of private primary and secondary enrollments during the period. These findings show that the effect of immigration on the aggregate rate of growth of schooling has varied as a function of the character of the immigrants themselves.
Professor Chandler uses data compiled by two of his students, Harold C. Livesay and P. Glenn Porter, whose work is condensed in the charts and tables which accompany this article, to propose a historical explanation for the changing industrial structure of the modem American economy.
The conceptual problem addressed here is the transition of the United States from a person-oriented society in the 19th century to a corporate society during the 20th century. Using the content analysis of mass media records from 1877 to 1972, annual networks of associations among categories of actors are analyzed for trends in their structure where zii is a percentage of attention given to actors in the ith category of actors and zij is a percentage of attention given jointly to actors in the ith and jth categories. Stable estimates are found for the increasing attention given to corporate entities, the decreasing attention given to persons, and the increasing use of unorganized collectivities of actors as a means of interaction between persons and corporate entities. “Ideal type” networks are identified and described which are reflected in the observed networks as a function of existing conditions in the nation. Distinct ideal types are associated with conditions of economic decline, conditions of unusual collective action by the populace, and conditions of joint economic growth and lack of collective action. Implications of the findings for the study of persons and corporate entities in a corporate society are discussed.
In a famous chapter of his Principles of Psychology William James analyzes our sense of reality.¹ Reality, so he states, means simply relation to our emotional and active life. The origin of all reality is subjective, whatever excites and stimulates our interest is real. To call a thing real means that this thing stands in a certain relation to ourselves. “The word ‘real’ is, in short, a fringe.” ² Our primitive impulse is to affirm immediately the reality of all that is conceived, as long as it remains uncontradicted. But there are several, probably an infinite number of various orders of realities, each with its own special and separate style of existence. James calls them “sub-universes” and mentions as examples the world of sense or physical things (as the paramount reality), the world of science, the world of ideal relations, the world of “idols of the tribe”, the various supernatural worlds of mythology and religion, the various worlds of individual opinion, the worlds of sheer madness and vagary.³ The popular mind conceives of all these sub-worlds more or less disconnectedly, and when dealing with one of them forgets for the time being its relations to the rest. But every object we think of is at last referred to one of these sub worlds.“
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