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Abstract
The Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System TCMLARS is a database system established by the Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, to meet the increased need for traditional Chinese medical information services in the 1980's. The system contained over 340,000 references and abstracts to literature on Traditional Chinese Medicine including Chinese materia medica, acupuncture, qigong, Chinese massage and health promotion. Source material for TCMLARS is drawn from more than 800 Chinese biomedical journals published since 1984. Over 30,000 records are added to the system annually. There are 15 databases in the system, 4 of which include both Chinese and English versions. Extensive indexing according to Chinese Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Subject Headings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is done for each citation. Information can be searched from almost all of the fields including title, author, author affiliation, subject headings, key words, classification, publication type, and abstract. The database system is available via website ( http://www.cintcm.com, http://www.cintcm.ac.cn, http://www.sinomd.com), or CD-ROM or floppy disk. A bibliometric study reviewing the traditional Chinese medical literature on neoplasm was conducted using TCMLARS. 10,185 references were pulled up from the databases (1984 - 1998) by the subject heading "neoplasms". For advanced searches, the following subheadings were used: traditional Chinese drug therapy, acupuncture -moxibustion therapy, qigong therapy, massage therapy, acupoint therapy, integrated Chinese traditional and Western medicine therapy. Further analyses were performed on neoplasm type, year of publication, author's organizational affiliation, type of literature, and the research grant. This study clearly outlines the extent of clinical work and research on neoplasms treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine in China. TCMLARS is proving to be the most efficient and effective means of literature retrieval and analysis for Traditional Chinese Medicine in the world.
... A bibliográfiai adatbázisban címjegyzék, szerzői lista, a szaklapok adatai, absztraktgyűjtemény, a teljes cikkek és a közlés éve szerepel [16,17]. ...
... Folyamatosan bővül a toxikológiai adatbázis is. Mára már a PubMed-ben is sok kínai tanulmány olvasható [15][16][17][20][21][22][23][24][25]. ...
The terminology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is hardly interpretable in the context of human genome, therefore the human genome program attracted attention towards the Western practice of medicine in China. In the last two decades, several important steps could be observed in China in relation to the approach of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The Chinese government supports the realization of information databases for research in order to clarify the molecular biology level to detect associations between gene expression signal transduction pathways and protein-protein interactions, and the effects of bioactive components of Chinese drugs and their effectiveness. The values of TCM are becoming more and more important for Western medicine as well, because molecular biological therapies did not redeem themselves, e.g., in tumor therapy. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(18): 696-702.
... There are three studies that touch on themes closer to the present research. Haiqi did a bibliometric analysis of 3,006 citations published between 1974 and 1992 on Chinese traditional medicine retrieved from the Medline database focusing on geographic and language dispersion of the literature and ranking of journals that published it 13 20 . ...
Apocynin, also known as acetovanillone, is a naturally occurring organic compound isolated from the root of Apocynum cannabinum (Canadian hemp) and variety of plant sources. Apocynin is being studied for its variety of pharmacological properties and used for the treatment of different diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, asthma, bowel disease, heart related diseases, and atherosclerosis to mention few. This bibliometric analysis reflects the key activities of apocynin research being carried out throughout the globe. The data for this study was obtained from Scopus database and it has been found that 1,424 papers were published during 1908-2011. These 1,424 documents received a total of 39,780 citations with an average 28.50 citations per paper. USA (35.88%) is the most productive country undertaking research in the area of apocynin. India's rank is 16 th in overall publication output on apocynin. Free Radical Biology and American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology are the most productive journals publishing apocynin research.
... tric analysis of 3,006 citations published between 1974 and 1992 on Chinese traditional medicine retrieved from the Medline database focusing on geographic and language dispersion of the literature and ranking of journals that published it. Dhiman & Sinha (2001) studied the nature and growth of literature on ethno-botany published during 1989-1999. Fan (2001) analyzed 10,185 citations dealing with 'neoplasm' covering the period from 1984 to 1998 retrieved from the TCMLARS database (Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System). The characteristics studied included the neoplasm type, year of publication, author's organizational affiliation, type of literature, and the ...
This study carried out a bibliometric analysis of the literature on Nigella sativa (Habbat al-barakah or Black seed). The purpose was to study the periodic growth of literature, author patterns, topical focus, and geographic origin of literature on the subject. Twenty related databases and several online catalogues of libraries were searched to identify a final list of 530 citations. This data set was analyzed using various bibliographic characteristics. The findings show the increase in the volume of literature from 1971 onwards starting from one citation per year growing to 46 papers per year during the late 1990s. Most of the literature comes from Medical Sciences and Chemistry. A small core of authors contributed about one-third of the citations. Four-fifths of the citations are the result of collaborative work. About two-fifths of the papers are published by only 36 journals. India and Egypt are the leading contributors to this literature. English is the dominant language.
... The study concluded that CAM systematic reviewers should include CAM specialized databases in their search methods [15]. Additional prior research comparing databases and analyzing the bibliometrics of CAM literature has either studied a specific area of CAM or focused on a small number of databases1617181920212223242526. As can be seen from the literature review above, a broad comparison of CAM databases has not been undertaken to date. ...
This project aims to assess the utility of bibliographic databases beyond the three major ones (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL) for finding controlled trials of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Fifteen databases were searched to identify controlled clinical trials (CCTs) of CAM not also indexed in MEDLINE. Searches were conducted in May 2006 using the revised Cochrane highly sensitive search strategy (HSSS) and the PubMed CAM Subset. Yield of CAM trials per 100 records was determined, and databases were compared over a standardized period (2005). The Acudoc2 RCT, Acubriefs, Index to Chiropractic Literature (ICL) and Hom-Inform databases had the highest concentrations of non-MEDLINE records, with more than 100 non-MEDLINE records per 500. Other productive databases had ratios between 500 and 1500 records to 100 non-MEDLINE records-these were AMED, MANTIS, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Global Health and Alt HealthWatch. Five databases were found to be unproductive: AGRICOLA, CAIRSS, Datadiwan, Herb Research Foundation and IBIDS. Acudoc2 RCT yielded 100 CAM trials in the most recent 100 records screened. Acubriefs, AMED, Hom-Inform, MANTIS, PsycINFO and CINAHL had more than 25 CAM trials per 100 records screened. Global Health, ICL and Alt HealthWatch were below 25 in yield. There were 255 non-MEDLINE trials from eight databases in 2005, with only 10% indexed in more than one database. Yield varied greatly between databases; the most productive databases from both sampling methods were Acubriefs, Acudoc2 RCT, AMED and CINAHL. Low overlap between databases indicates comprehensive CAM literature searches will require multiple databases.
... The bibliographic system TCMLARS [25] has two versions. So far, the Chinese version has contained over 600,000 TCM periodical articles, while the corresponding number reaches 92,000 in English version of TCMLARS. ...
Objective:
As a complementary medical system to Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides a unique theoretical and practical approach to the treatment of diseases over thousands of years. Confronted with the increasing popularity of TCM and the huge volume of TCM data, historically accumulated and recently obtained, there is an urgent need to explore these resources effectively by the techniques of knowledge discovery in database (KDD). This paper aims at providing an overview of recent KDD studies in TCM field.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted in both English and Chinese publications, and major studies of knowledge discovery in TCM (KDTCM) reported in these materials were identified. Based on an introduction to the state of the art of TCM data resources, a review of four subfields of KDTCM research was presented, including KDD for the research of Chinese medical formula, KDD for the research of Chinese herbal medicine, KDD for TCM syndrome research, and KDD for TCM clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, the current state and main problems in each subfield were summarized based on a discussion of existing studies, and future directions for each subfield were also proposed accordingly.
Results:
A series of KDD methods are used in existing KDTCM researches, ranging from conventional frequent itemset mining to state of the art latent structure model. Considerable interesting discoveries are obtained by these methods, such as novel TCM paired drugs discovered by frequent itemset analysis, functional community of related genes discovered under syndrome perspective by text mining, the high proportion of toxic plants in the botanical family Ranunculaceae disclosed by statistical analysis, the association between M-cholinoceptor blocking drug and Solanaceae revealed by association rule mining, etc. It is particularly inspiring to see some studies connecting TCM with biomedicine, which provide a novel top-down view for functional genomics research. However, further developments of KDD methods are still expected to better adapt to the features of TCM.
Conclusions:
Existing studies demonstrate that KDTCM is effective in obtaining medical discoveries. However, much more work needs to be done in order to discover real diamonds from TCM domain. The usage and development of KDTCM in the future will substantially contribute to the TCM community, as well as modern life science.
The concept of personalized medicine initially formed in the 1970s and 1980s was substantially based on predictive in vitro tests for individual drug responsiveness of cancer patients, which did, however, not reach generally accepted clinical routine use. The standard drug regimens are limited by the development of drug resistance and severe side effects. Therefore, a priori predictive diagnostics, whether or not an individual patient would benefit from chemotherapy or suffer from its side effects would considerably improve treatment outcomes.
Current network-based models, their heuristic and epistemological value notwithstanding, only partially explain the unfathomable complexity behind the outbreak of a disease, as they are habitually centered on an integrated representation of the cell biochemical and genetic pathways, and, as such, they discard the contribution of non-genetic factors and microenvironmental constraints. Thereby, since the eighties, the agenda of pharmacology discovery was then dictated by aiming at discovering “relevant” molecules (along with their classical rules of interaction), abstracting from the true, physiological response of cells, tissues and organism. In this perspective, genes assume the fundamental causal role while cells simply act as causal proxies, dispensable because they represent an irrelevant intermediate level between the molecular input and the organismal output. Such framework, both theoretically and methodologically, is no longer tenable. We propose herein a comprehensive model able in capturing the complexity on which the disease relies, thus recognizing a different spatially (multi-level) and timely distributed target array. Moreover, given that a disease is properly a dynamic process and not a steady state, treatments should also be diversified according to the timing of the disease process. This approach can help in detecting pre-disease state or critical transition points from which the illness might access different attractors, leading ultimately to different outcomes. We should thus design systems-oriented drugs that tackle both the multifactorial pathogenic determinants of the disease as well as the intrinsic robustness of the living organism, by promoting a polyvalent-based approach, i.e. the use of multiple drugs or drugs affecting several targets localized at different levels. Additionally, above and beyond classical pharmacodynamics, unconventional mechanisms of action urge to be investigated and integrated within network modelling. Overall, this implies that we should shift from targets to processes, to “redraw” the disease-related landscape, favoring the system displacement from pre-clinical state or true disease-states towards healing pathways.
Health effects of fruit consumption are confirmed by many studies. Such effects are attributed to the polyphenolic compounds accumulating in fruit skin and mesocarp tissues. They contribute to the regulation on transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels. Since people consume much less fruits than the recommended quantities, a new approach includes the promotion of super fruits that are extremely rich sources of specific health compounds. A comparative analysis of Hungarian stone fruit cultivars detected a huge variability in fruit in vitro antioxidant capacity and total polyphenolic content. Two outstanding sour cherry cultivars ('Pipacs 1' and 'Fanal') were identified to accumulate elevated levels of polyphenolic compounds in their fruits. Sour cherries with different polyphenolic compositions were tested against alimentary induced hyperlipidemia using male Wistar rat model. Consumption of cherry fruit had different consequences for different cultivars: consumption of 'Pipacs 1' and 'Fanal' fruits resulted in 30% lower total cholesterol levels in the sera of hyperlipidemic animals after only 10 days of treatment. However, the consumption of 'Újfehértói fürtös' fruit has not induced significant alterations in the same parameter. Other lipid parameters also reflected the short-term beneficial effects of 'Pipacs 1' and 'Fanal' fruits. We suggest that not only some tropical and berry fruits might be considered as super fruits but certain genotypes of stone fruits as well. These have indeed marked physiological effects. Since 'Pipacs 1' and 'Fanal' are rich sources of colourless polyphenolics (e.g., phenolic acids and isoflavonoids) and anthocyanins, respectively, the protective effects associated with their consumption can be attributed to different polyphenolic compounds. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(18): 720-725.
Objectives:
Systems biology is a novel subject in the field of life science that aims at a systems' level understanding of biological systems. Because of the significant progress in high-throughput technologies and molecular biology, systems biology occupies an important place in research during the post-genome era.
Methods:
The characteristics of systems biology and its applicability to traditional medicine research have been discussed from three points of view: data and databases, network analysis and inference, and modeling and systems prediction.
Results:
The existing databases are mostly associated with medicinal herbs and their activities, but new databases reflecting clinical situations and platforms to extract, visualize and analyze data easily need to be constructed. Network pharmacology is a key element of systems biology, so addressing the multi-component, multi-target aspect of pharmacology is important. Studies of network pharmacology highlight the drug target network and network target. Mathematical modeling and simulation are just in their infancy, but mathematical modeling of dynamic biological processes is a central aspect of systems biology. Computational simulations allow structured systems and their functional properties to be understood and the effects of herbal medicines in clinical situations to be predicted.
Conclusion:
Systems biology based on a holistic approach is a pivotal research methodology for understanding the mechanisms of traditional medicine. If systems biology is to be incorporated into traditional medicine, computational technologies and holistic insights need to be integrated.
Recognized as an essential component of Chinese culture, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is both an ancient medical system and one still used widely in China today. TCM's independently evolved knowledge system is expressed mainly in the Chinese language and the information is frequently only available through ancient classics and confidential family records, making it difficult to utilize. The major concern in TCM is how to consolidate and integrate the data, enabling efficient retrieval and discovery of novel knowledge from the dispersed data. Computational approaches such as data mining, semantic reasoning and computational intelligence have emerged as innovative approaches for the reservation and utilization of this knowledge system. Typically, this requires an inter-disciplinary approach involving Chinese culture, computer science, modern healthcare and life sciences. This book examines the computerization of TCM information and knowledge to provide intelligent resources and supporting evidences for clinical decision-making, drug discovery, and education. Recent research results from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatics Group of Zhejiang University are presented, gathering in one resource systematic approaches for massive data processing in TCM. These include the utilization of modern Semantic Web and data mining methods for more advanced data integration, data analysis and integrative knowledge discovery. This book will appeal to medical professionals, life sciences students, computer scientists, and those interested in integrative, complementary, and alternative medicine. Interdisciplinary book bringing together Traditional Chinese Medicine and computer scientists Introduces novel network technologies to Traditional Chinese Medicine informatics Provides theory and practical examples and case studies of new techniques. © 2012 Zhejiang University Press Co., Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Major research contributions in ethnopharmacology have generated vast amount of data associated with medicinal plants. Computerized databases facilitate data management and analysis making coherent information available to researchers, planners and other users. Web-based databases also facilitate knowledge transmission and feed the circle of information exchange between the ethnopharmacological studies and public audience. However, despite the development of many medicinal plant databases, a lack of uniformity is still discernible. Therefore, it calls for defining a common standard to achieve the common objectives of ethnopharmacology.
Aim of the study:
The aim of the study is to review the diversity of approaches in storing ethnopharmacological information in databases and to provide some minimal standards for these databases.
Materials and methods:
Survey for articles on medicinal plant databases was done on the Internet by using selective keywords. Grey literatures and printed materials were also searched for information. Listed resources were critically analyzed for their approaches in content type, focus area and software technology.
Results:
Necessity for rapid incorporation of traditional knowledge by compiling primary data has been felt. While citation collection is common approach for information compilation, it could not fully assimilate local literatures which reflect traditional knowledge. Need for defining standards for systematic evaluation, checking quality and authenticity of the data is felt. Databases focussing on thematic areas, viz., traditional medicine system, regional aspect, disease and phytochemical information are analyzed. Issues pertaining to data standard, data linking and unique identification need to be addressed in addition to general issues like lack of update and sustainability. In the background of the present study, suggestions have been made on some minimum standards for development of medicinal plant database.
Conclusion:
In spite of variations in approaches, existence of many overlapping features indicates redundancy of resources and efforts. As the development of global data in a single database may not be possible in view of the culture-specific differences, efforts can be given to specific regional areas. Existing scenario calls for collaborative approach for defining a common standard in medicinal plant database for knowledge sharing and scientific advancement.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has succeeded to implement itself in the academic context of universities. In order to get information on CAM, clinicians, researchers and healthcare professionals as well as the lay public are increasingly turning to online portals and databases, which disseminate relevant resources. One specific type of online information retrieval systems, namely the database, is being reviewed in this article.
This overview aims at systematically retrieving and describing all databases covering the field of CAM. One of the requirements for inclusion was that the database would also have to be published in a medical journal.
The databases AMED, CAMbase, EMBASE, and MEDLINE/PubMed were searched between December 2008 and December 2009 for publications relevant to CAM databases. The authors' specialist library was also searched for grey literature to be included.
All included databases were then visited online and information on the context, structure and volume of the database was extracted.
Forty-five databases were included in this overview. Databases covered herbal therapies (n = 11), traditional Chinese medicine (n = 9) and some dealt with a vast number of CAM modalities (n = 9), amongst others. The amount of time the databases had been in existence ranged from 4 to 53 years. Countries of origin included the USA (n = 14), UK (n = 7) and Germany (n = 6), amongst others. The main language in 42 of 45 databases was English.
Although this overview is quite comprehensive with respect to the field of CAM, certain CAM practices such as chiropractic, massage, reflexology, meditation or yoga may not have been covered adequately. A more detailed assessment of the quality of the included databases might give additional insights into the listed resources. The creation of a personalised meta-search engine is suggested, towards which this overview could be seen as a first step.
Development and Information Requirement of Modern Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology
- Jiang
Jiang, Yongguang, Development and Information Requirement of Modern Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology , Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, 5:5 (May 1998):55-56
MEDLARS Indexing Manual (Part I &?) , National Library of Medicine
- Charen
- Thelma
Charen, Thelma. MEDLARS Indexing Manual (Part I &?) , National Library of Medicine, U.S. A., 1983