... For example, it was shown that the decision-making, organisational vision, mission and strategy, skills and abilities of NGOs staff positively affect NGOs' productivity in providing health services [28,31,103,104]. NGOs have improved and promoted the health of their communities through the establishment of primary health centres, laboratory service, training community health workers to screen for and manage chronic hypertension, providing maternal and newborn health services, providing medical services for children with cancers, providing mental health services through community-based rehabilitation, prevention and treatment groups received growth monitoring, referrals to public health facilities, home-based counselling and providing mid-day meals for primary school students and adolescents [34,51,70,71,74,91,93,95,96,99]. For example, in Bangladesh, NGOs provided clinical education, vaccination, reproductive health (antenatal and postnatal care, skilled birth attendance, breastfeeding prevalence, contraceptive prevalence, sexually transmitted [29,35,36,47]. ...