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“Shopping as leisure: An exploration of manifoldness and dynamics in consumers shopping experiences”
Abstract
In retailing literature, shopping as a leisure-time enjoyment has typically been examined by the use of economic or psychological approaches. Consumers engaged in this activity have commonly been portrayed as one homogenous segment. Drawing upon a sociocultural approach, this study seeks to improve our understanding of leisure shopping as subjectively experienced. The article illustrates that leisure shopping activities embrace a plethora of meanings and an inherent dynamic, evident for instance in shifts and nuances in consumers ways of experiencing and practising such activities. The results also provide some insights into the interrelation between hedonic and utilitarian aspects of shopping and emphasize that there is a complex relationship between various shopping orientations.
... The in-store leisure experience is the sum of emotional, sensorial, cognitive, and behavioral 19 responses arising from the interaction with people, merchandise, and the retail environment 20 (Bagdare and Jain, 2013). Scholars have studied the dimensions of the in-store leisure experience 21 in various shopping scenarios (e.g., Bäckström, 2011;Gilboa and Vilnai-Yavetz, 2013), but 22 previous studies focused on a single or a limited set of dimensions, or treated leisure experience 23 not experienced in isolation from one another (Ballantine et al., 2015;Bhatt et al., 2020). While 1 examining the effect of individual cues allows researchers to focus on their study objective, 2 testing a range of store cues is also beneficial when their impacts can be measured and compared 3 in the same shopping setting (Ballantine et al., 2015). ...
... 6 7 2.3. Store cues, communitas experience, and social experience 8 As shopping is a social phenomenon (Bäckström, 2011;Borges et al., 2010), social behaviors of 9 in-store shoppers have been highlighted in prior research. Triantafillidou and Siomkos (2014) 10 coined the term "communitas" as the shopping behavior that people hang out with friends and 11 family in store spaces. ...
... Triantafillidou and Siomkos (2014) 10 coined the term "communitas" as the shopping behavior that people hang out with friends and 11 family in store spaces. When shopping experiences are shared within a shopping team, 12 relationships among members are maintained, and a sense of acceptance also arises among 13 shopping companions (Bäckström, 2011;Hsieh and Costa (2001). For that reason, shoppers in 14 team would perceive a greater shopping value compared to lone shoppers (Chebat et al., 2014). ...
This study aims to investigate: (1) how store cues (i.e., product quality, availability, variety, price, store layout, decoration, staff politeness, music, aroma, and lighting) affect the dimensions of the in-store leisure experience (i.e., hedonic, escapism, social, communitas, flow, challenge, and learning); and (2) how hedonic shoppers choose to visit a fashion store based on their preference of these dimensions. Fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) was adopted to determine the configurations of store cues associated with each dimension of the in-store leisure experience. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to decompose the decision problem of store choice based on in-store leisure experiences. The findings highlight the complexity of store choice, in-store leisure experience, and their stimuli, which are beneficial for fashion retailers to encourage trials and impulse purchases among hedonic shoppers. By demonstrating the effectiveness of fsQCA and AHP in understanding consumer behavior, this study provides a methodological foundation for future research.
... The importance of shopping malls as retailing formats has become increasingly remarkable, and today the mall culture plays a significant role in consumers' lifestyle. But shopping malls have become more than simply a place to shop, and social factors justify a deeper research on shopping malls, such as the leisure shopping, which is a browsing activity characterised by seeking pleasurable experiences and stimulation of the senses rather than an intent to purchase something (Sinha and Uniyal, 2005;Bäckström, 2011). Today, consumers demand commercial areas not only for purchasing, but also for recreational shopping and to enjoy the company of other people; thus being related to social factors, since one of the key motivations behind shopping was to enjoy the social interaction with family members or friends (Bäckström, 2011). ...
... But shopping malls have become more than simply a place to shop, and social factors justify a deeper research on shopping malls, such as the leisure shopping, which is a browsing activity characterised by seeking pleasurable experiences and stimulation of the senses rather than an intent to purchase something (Sinha and Uniyal, 2005;Bäckström, 2011). Today, consumers demand commercial areas not only for purchasing, but also for recreational shopping and to enjoy the company of other people; thus being related to social factors, since one of the key motivations behind shopping was to enjoy the social interaction with family members or friends (Bäckström, 2011). However, shopping malls should meet customers' needs in a satisfactory way, in order to achieve return visits behaviour (Anselmsson, 2016). ...
... IJRDM 46,2 Nowadays, malls have expanded to include service outlets, fast-food courts, entertainment providers, movie theatres, beauty salons or simply meeting places in order to satisfy customers' need for one-stop shopping (Ahmed et al., 2007). Consumers receive enjoyment from just being in the marketplace, experiencing stores, products, and people and in addition, shopping could be enjoyed as an end in itself where the social interaction has been typically seen as the key activity (Bäckström, 2011). In these situations, shopping was primarily seen as an opportunity to meet and talk about things not related to the stores or products encountered (Bäckström, 2011;El-Adly and Eid, 2015). ...
Purpose
Achieving a balanced tenant mix is a long-standing discourse in the retailing and consumer marketing literature. From the perspective of marketing mix planning, the diversity of tenants is beneficial to the performance of shopping malls. This paper aims to use a revealed preference approach to study empirically the effect of retail tenant mix planning on the rents of shopping malls.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a cross-disciplinary approach to develop the Island-Species-Area-Energy model to study the shopping mall marketing and management framework. The empirical data are obtained from the 129 major shopping malls in the UK.
Findings
The results confirm that the retail tenant mix is positively associated with mall size and shopping district purchasing power, implying a tenant mix equilibrium. Any deviations from the tenant mix equilibrium will impose a negative impact on total retail rents. Further, five factors, i.e. tenant mix equilibrium, building quality, locational convenience, leasing strategy and anchorage, are found to be contributing factors to retail rents.
Originality/value
The findings contribute to the current body of marketing knowledge from two perspectives: first, tenant mix effects on retail rents are empirically analysed based on the biogeography theory, which shows a tenant mix equilibrium for retail marketing planning. Second, a five-factor model on shopping mall marketing and management mix framework is developed and tested for the performance of shopping malls.
... Accordingly, for justifying deeper research on retail centers, the social factors can be one of the major criteria. For instance, leisure shopping is a browsing activity that is characterized by looking for pleasing experiences and stimulate the senses rather than a desire of purchasing (Bäckström, 2011). ...
... Leisure has vast definitions, contrasting leisure with work or mentioning it as synonymous with recreation (which itself can virtually be seen as any satisfying experience) (Bäckström, 2011). Leisure times can be a time of relaxation, comfort, calmness, and free time that anyone uses differently. ...
... In Equation 5, is an endogenous latent variable, is the path coefficient between the q exogenous latent variable and the j endogenous variable. represents to the error in the inner relation. ...
Retail centers can be considered as places for interactional and recreational activities and such social roles of retail centers contribute to the popularity of the retail centers. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify effective factors encouraging customers to engage with interactional activities and measure how these factors affect customer behavior. Accordingly, two hypotheses were raised illustrating that the travel time (i.e., the time it takes for a customer to reach the retail center) and the variety of shops (in a retail center) increase the percentage of people who spend their leisure time and recreational activities retail centers. Two case studies were conducted in two analogous retail centers, one in Tehran, Iran, and the other in Madrid, Spain. According to the results, there is an interaction between the travel time and the motivation for the presence of people in the retail center. Furthermore, the results revealed that half of both retail center goers who spend more than 10 minutes to reach the retail centers prefer to do leisure activities and browsing than shopping. In other words, the longer it takes a person to get to the center, the more likely he/she is to spend more time in the mall and do more leisure activities. It is also found that there is a significant relationship between the variety of shops in a retail center and the motivation of customers attending a retail center that encourages people to spend their leisure time in retail centers.
... shopping (Lehtonen, 1997;Cox et al., 2005). Within the field of retailing, shopping as a form of leisure-time enjoyment has been dominated by the use of economic and psychological approaches (Backstrom, 2011) Leisure shopping is a recent strategy of retailers and innovative concern; it is a course of action making individuals experience the joy of shopping. It is argued that leisure shopping needs to be acknowledged as a multifaceted activity that may be performed in various ways and embody different types of consumer meanings. ...
... It is also argued that there is a need to focus more on the influence of retail environments on individuals engaged in leisure shopping (Backstrom, 2006).Consumers may also experience and pursue leisure shopping in different ways on different occasions. Also leisure shopping may embrace multiple consumer meanings at one and the same occasion (Backstrom, 2011) Retailers are looking for opportunities to create shopping as leisure activity, because consumers are engaging with more on leisure. Retailers face fierce competition to capture their customers and their spending too. ...
... Moreover, while previous research has described leisure shopping as reflecting social values (e.g., Tatzel, 1982; Williams et al., 1985;Arnold and Reynolds, 2003), Backstrom (2011) shows that many consumers prefer to enjoy this activity individually and also he argued pleasure and delight associated to leisure shopping was commonly alternated with feelings of frustration and disillusionment, e.g., when consumers did not succeed to accomplish a much desired purchase. Consumers' leisure shopping reflects a variety of consumer meanings and accordingly also a wide range of shopping practices. ...
Shopping is widely regarded as a major leisure time activity and entertainment aspect of retail industry is increasingly being recognized as a key competitive instrument in the present situation. Therefore retailers and shopping Centre developers are seeking ways to make shopping more of a leisure pursuit. While considering the literature in hedonic shopping there is a limited researches and no proper theorization. While retailers are focusing more on entertainment, academic research is lagging in investigating the hedonic reasons people go shopping. Absence of knowledge in this background makes marketers unclear and difficult to satisfy expectations of the customers who are reactive to leisure shopping. Hence through the structured literature review, this paper intent to identify the factors which influence on consumers' leisure shopping behaviour in shopping malls through that identify the theoretical gaps and giving suggestions for future research.
... HedonisƟc Shopping Experiences Alba & Williams, 2013;Babin et al., 1994;Bäckström, 2011 Hedonism -Personal Values Theory Cieciuch & Schwartz, 2012;Schwartz, 1992;Schwartz & Bilsky, 1990, Homer & Kahle, 1988 Compulsive Buying Christenson et al., 1994;Faber & O'Guinn, 1992;Maraz et al., 2016;Ridgway et al., 2008 Figure 1. Conceptual model of relationships between hedonism, hedonistic shopping experiences and compulsive buying. ...
... Given also that hedonistic experiences involve much expenditure of time and money (Babin et al., 1994), and often spent on hedonistic leisure activities (Bäckström, 2011), we may view these experiences as prospective means that develop irrational buying behaviors. Because of this, we posit that whenever hedonists aim to accomplish their goals in the course of their shopping experiences (Alba & Williams, 2013;Babin et al., 1994;Wakefield & Barnes, 1996), their shopping experiences may lead to the reinforcement of buying (i.e. a frequency of buying, heightened arousal). ...
Although consumer and marketing research has focused on identifying various precursors of compulsive buying behavior, little attention has been paid to more complex relationships examined from the perspective of hedonism as a personal value, hedonic shopping experiences, and consumer demographics. Thus, the present study postulates a mediation model in which the extent of hedonism postulates relationship to compulsive buying via hedonistic shopping experiences is diagnosed, and proceeds to moderation effects based on consumer demographic characteristics (i. e gender, age, education). Using data (N = 1,245) from a representative survey, and based on structural equation modeling, results revealed that hedonism significantly influences compulsive buying via hedonistic shopping experiences, while moderation effects indicated that these relationships were stronger in younger individuals, mostly women. In contrast, these effects were non-significant with regard to consumers' education level. The study findings are discussed in terms of the theoretical and practical insights to better understand and prevent contemporary consumerism trends related to hedonism, hedonistic shopping, and compulsive buying tendencies.
... According to definitions of some scholars of different types of leisure activities (22)(23)(24)(25), this study proposed a two-dimension model: the first dimension is called "physiological leisure, " which means that the activities selected by leisure participants are mainly to consume physical resources (i.e., consuming physical exertion). Such leisure activists need to perform physical activities, such as sports, outdoor, and adventure activities; the second dimension is called "psychological leisure, " which means that the activity participants are executed by consuming the spiritual resources of the individuals, such as knowledge-based, literary, and social activities. ...
... This study first confirmed the type of leisure participation of individuals and whether the leisure involvement of different forms of leisure helps enhance leisure benefits. Based on previous literature, this study proposed two binary structural conditions based on exercises physiology, psychology, and leisure values (17,(23)(24)(25)(26): (1) to determine whether an individual is using physical (physiological) or psychological resources to perform leisure activities; (2) to determine the leisure pursuit of leisure value (the fundamental motivation of the activity), that is, whether the leisure benefits obtained by the people participating in leisure activities are actual needs or emotional expressions. Based on the above discussion, leisure activities were classified into four categories: physiological and pragmatic (such as outdoor, adventure, and tourism), physiological and hedonic (such as sports and rest), psychological and pragmatic (such as knowledge and arts), and psychological and hedonic (such as social and mass media). ...
Purpose: To explore the types of leisure activities, the degree of activity involvement, and the relationship between leisure benefits in older adults in cities and towns in Northern Guangdong, China; to provide valuable references for formulating related policies on the leisure industry for relevant governing bodies and for gaining the optimal benefits for industry business people and leisure enthusiasts.
Methods: After searching for a large amount of literature and expert consultations, a questionnaire on the leisure involvement and leisure benefits scale was constructed. The participants aged 60 years or older were recruited as the survey population. By using SPSS statistics 21.0, the raw and processed data in this study were analyzed and interpreted.
Results: (1) The approach that the leisure involvement levels were divided into subjective and objective involvement levels to predict leisure benefits was more comprehensive and reliable than uni-level prediction. Among them, the overall leisure involvement level had a significant positive effect on the leisure benefits of leisure participants; the performance of the subjective involvement level to enhance the leisure benefits comprehensively surpassed the objective involvement level. (2) The effect of leisure involvement levels on leisure benefits was affected by the type of leisure, which was manifested as physiological and psychological leisure pleasure; the degree of leisure involvement had an inverted U-shaped relationship with its emotional leisure benefits. For individuals with physiological hedonistic leisure, the degree of leisure involvement had an inverted U-shaped relationship with its emotional, social, and self-realized leisure interests. (3) For individuals with psychological leisure, the degree of leisure involvement was positively U-shaped with its social and self-affirmed leisure benefits. However, this finding needs to be confirmed by further research.
Conclusion: There are two types of linear and curvilinear relationships between the degree of leisure involvement and leisure benefits, which makes the connection between leisure involvement and leisure benefits deviate from the linearity in a particular situation and present an inverted U-shaped or positive U-shaped relationship, which shows, when the individuals are under- or over-volume leisure activities involvement, they will not create excellent leisure benefits.
... On the other hand, we consider the growing digital repertoire offered by ICTs (S. J. Kim, 2016) by including activities of leisure consumption, such as shopping (Bäckström, 2011), gambling on the stock market (Binde, 2009), chatting and online entertainment (Brooks et al., 2016), and common screen-use activity (López-Sintas, et al., 2017). We first group these activities into seven dimensions through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). ...
... PC5 (6.1% variance, CR = 0.70) contained five correlated items related to screen-use activities: 'using the Internet to manage financial affairs', 'using the Internet to buy or sell items', 'e-mailing', 'searching for news online' and 'browsing the Internet'. This component captured the instrumental use of the Internet, including practices of consumption in leisure-time pursuits, such as shopping (Bäckström, 2011), stock-market gambling (Binde, 2009) and more frequent screen-use activities, such as emailing and searching for news (López-Sintas et al., 2017). PC6 (5.4% variance, CR = .70) ...
Depression and psychological distress have high incidence rates among young people. Leisure is a known determinant of health and well-being and can help mitigate these phenomena through a variety of mechanisms. While it is known that sport and exercise provide benefits for neurological functioning, leisure has received less attention as a means of mobilising social networks and cultivating relatedness, a known factor protecting mental health. From a sample of 891 young adults in Switzerland, we grouped twenty online and offline leisure activities into seven different dimensions, testing their associations with perceptions of support from relatives and friends (relatedness), and with a composite index of psychological distress. Our results help to determine those face-to-face experiences, such as sport and social activities, that most help to cultivate support through close ties, which in turn seems to make them important for increased levels of mental health. The results indicate that screen-based leisure activities do not promote relatedness. However, psychological distress is linked with only some forms of media-based leisure, such as online chatting, presumably because depressive moods lead to networks being mobilised through online engagement rather than face-to-face interactions.
... They play a notable role in customers'shopping pattern and have become more than merely a center to purchase [13]. Accordingly, for justifying deeper research on retail centers, the social factors can be one of the major criteria, for instance, leisure shopping is a browsing activity that is characterized by looking for pleasing experiences and stimulate the senses rather than a desire of purchasing [14]. ...
... Leisure has vast definitions, contrasting leisure with work or mentioning it as synonymous with recreation, which itself can virtually be seen as any satisfying experience [14], leisure times can be a time of relaxation, comfort, calmness, and free time that anyone uses differently. The following table briefly refers to the provision of leisure from different viewpoints. ...
Retails and shopping centers have become essential to today’s lifestyle. Furthermore, as modern shopping venues, retail centers' social role contributes to its popularity and profitability. The social motive of customers for shopping is beyond acquiring their crucial purchases. These advantages favor retail centers and improve the level of social sustainability and its relevant concepts. Given that relatively little study has been studied on the impact of retail centers' social role as places for interactional and recreational activities on customers' behavior in these centers and its relation to social sustainability. Two hypotheses were raised that show the effect of time travel duration and shop variety on increasing the percentage of users who spend their leisure time and recreational activities in two analogous retail centers. The result of research regarding the first hypothesis reveals that there is an interaction between time travel duration and shoppers' motivation. Furthermore, the results revealed that half of both retail center goers who spend more than 10 minutes to arrive at the retail centers prefer to do leisure activities and browsing than shopping. Therefore, the majority of individuals are from further distances, indicating longer trips can be one of the factors for willing to spend more leisure time and recreational activities. The second hypothesis reveals that shop variety can be one of the main reasons for attracting users to spend their leisure time and browse in both retail centers. There is a significant correlation between shop variety and customers’ motivation.
... Hedonic values also have different meanings such as shopping enjoyment, recreational shopping, and fun shopping [37]. The hedonic value is a value obtained through consumer shopping experiences that reflect emotional and psychological values in the form of joy, entertainment, escape from daily activities [38], full of adventure, can fulfill their senses [38]. ...
Hijab is defined as a veil or a cover, which usually has cultural connotations in a country where the population is predominantly Muslim. Hijab serves to cover Muslim women’s hair with modest clothing. Hijab products are varied, not only used as a cover but also can increase the confidence of Muslim women because hijab fashion does not have to be left behind by non-hijab fashion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of religiosity on the purchase intention of Muslim consumers in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative research with semi-structured in-depth interviews. The results showed that the interaction of religiosity in using hijab without being influenced by the premium hijab trend; buying hijab because of its functionality, quality, durability, and costs that reflect its utilitarian value using this premium hijab to experience the latest style experiences and ideas that describe its hedonic values; this premium hijab trend is positive, such as it creates more enthusiasm about wearing the hijab; and indeed liking premium hijab products that reflect their attitude. Keywords: religiosity, utilitarian value, hedonic value, attitude, hijab premium
... The individual trip can also include various aspects and be in different places on the continuum between a determined shopping trip and a pleasure trip with random purchases. In other words, can be any combination of a utilitarian and a hedonic trip (see e.g., Babin et al., 1994;Bäckström, 2011). That the relationship between shopping and leisure may assume different forms got Jackson (1991) to distinguish between shopping and leisure, when a trip contains shopping as well as leisure activities, and shopping as leisure, when the shopping is regarded as leisure. ...
Cross-border shopping, a consumer behaviour perspective
... For example, pleasure created by meeting friends, family, and others can ensure patronage of shopping malls rather than the mere availability of goods (Gilboa et al., 2016), giving them an edge over online portals. With a deep understanding of consumer emotions, retailers can design experiences to excite (Pham and Sun, 2020), surprise (Vanhamme and Snelders, 2003), and delight (Bäckström, 2011) their customers to ensure their satisfaction and repeated visits. Catering to consumer emotions can help retailers build sustainable and competitive advantage through inexpensive methods like store cleanliness (Coskun et al., 2019), the creation of relaxation hubs (Pham and Sun, 2020), creating opportunities for gratitude (Ball and Barnes, 2017) , facilitating social interaction (Davis and Hodges, 2012) and providing escape from boredom (Sharma,R et al., 2022). ...
This study aims to find out how emotions influence shoppers‟ behaviour in
offline retail settings and how they get influenced by different elements. This research makes use of secondary data with an in-depth study of research papers published in the last ten years (the year 2012 onwards) in ABDC category ‟A‟ research journals. Emotions play a complex role in retail consumption. Personal and interpersonal relationships, atmospheric factors, including messiness & crowding, and the interplay of different emotions exert significant influence on consumer emotions. Positive emotions encourage ethical buying, which in turn gives a boost to positive emotions. Consumer ambivalence is prevalent in luxury shopping where negative emotions complement positive ones. The study is based entirely on secondary data. All the research papers which are a part of this study dealt with
shoppers in malls, shopping centres, and retail stores. There is a lack of research in the context of shopping markets and shopping streets. Retailers and marketers can plan their atmospherics, marketing mix, and promotions based on the emotions they wish to engineer amongst shoppers. As the role of emotions varies according to the retail format experiences can be customized and designed to cater to target customers and staff should be trained to understand consumer emotions. An understanding of emotions can help enhance ethical buying which is beneficial for the environment and society.
... Artinya, pengunjung yang datang ke wilayah penelitian memiliki urgensi untuk membeli barang saja. Sedangkan apabila melihat dari gaya hidup yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat menengah-bawah, mereka melakukan kegiatan belanja sekaligus mencari rekreasi dengan harga murah [4]. ...
p>Pusat pelayanan memiliki fungsi untuk melayani wilayah hinterlandnya. Menurut RTRW Kota Surakarta Tahun 2011-2031, salahsatu pusat pelayanan perdagangan dan jasa terletak di Koridor Jalan Gatot Subroto dan Jalan Dr. Radjiman. Berdasarkan observasi lapangan, koridor ini merupakan pusat perbelanjaan yang sudah ada sejak lama sebelum munculnya pusat perbelanjaan modern di Kota Surakarta. Namun, masih terdapat permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan fungsinya sebagai pusat pelayanan. Permasalahan tersebut berupa daya tarik serta fasilitas pendukung yang kurang memadai. Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang kesesuaian koridor penelitian terhadap kebutuhan konsumen berdasarkan pada segmentasi pasar yaitu masyarakat menengah-bawah. Peneliti menggunakan data primer berupa observasi lapangan dan wawancara serta data sekunder berupa peraturan dan dokumen pemerintah. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis skoring. Dalam mengetahui kesesuaiannya, terdapat 2 konsep yang digunakan sebagai variabel penelitian. Konsep tersebut adalah threshold dan range. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa koridor penelitian memiliki beberapa permasalahan serta potensi yang dapat dikembangkan. Permasalahan tersebut berkaitan dengan daya tarik yang berdampak pada luas jangkauan pelayanan. Dilain pihak, potensi yang dimiliki berupa daya dukung lokasi dan threshold yang sudah memadai.</p
... Retail marketing theories have not been formulated for some important observations, such as management, application, and integration of design inside retailing because they have been mainly restricted to the attention of retail designers inscribed to other designers [22]. Retail store design influences customer perceptions of any brand or retailer, as well as the quality of the goods, on both conscious and subconscious levels. ...
The main objective of this research is to identify the impact of store design and ambience on consumer purchase decisions in retail chain outlets in Delhi-NCR, India. The foremost purpose of this research was to examine if the design and ambience of retail stores have any effect on the decisions of customers' purchases. The study was descriptive in nature. For this research, a sample of 100 consumers was drawn who generally visit retail stores for shopping. A systematic questionnaire was prepared to collect the data and to analyze it; SEM, reliability, Convergent, Discriminate Validity and model fitness were achieved through SmartPLS3. The current study's findings indicate that variables, such as window and mannequin display, visual merchandising, and store design and atmosphere have an effective impact on shoppers' purchase decisions, whereas lighting and color, music, and signage have negligible effects. The findings of this study will provide managerial involvement to the industry in order to emphasize purchase ambition in order to improve profitability and sustainability. More examination of the factors that contribute to purchase aspiration and in other geological areas is advised for future scrutiny. This study presents a validated instrument for measuring the association between design atmosphere and consumer purchasing behavior and serves as a tool for evaluating the influence of various design atmospheric indicators. It is important to keep a steady staff of well-trained, polite salespeople on hand at all times. Customers are more likely to come back and eventually recommend the store to others if their needs are met by customer -focused salespeople who provide excellent service. This helps the merchant to compete in the market.
... This finding is in line with the idea that board gaming hobby sometimes becomes a purchasing hobby rather than a playing hobby, as explained by some gamers in the hobby (Swatterxx, 2019). In addition, shopping can be a leisure activity on its own (Bäckström, 2011;Jansen-Verbeke, 1987). ...
Board gaming as a leisure activity is becoming increasingly popular. The research on modern commercial board gaming is also gaining momentum. In this study, we aim to investigate the factors that may play a role in board game purchase intentions. We conducted an online survey and collected data from habitual board gamers. Multiple regression analyses showed that enjoyment, positive word of mouth, age and gender were positively associated with purchase intentions whereas income, play frequency, prior board gaming experience and feelings of presence were not. We discuss the results and present potential future research.
... This theory has been used to explain diverse agendas, such as addressing gender issues (Duncan-Shepherd and Hamilton, 2022;Harding, 2022;Thorpe, 2009), effectively managing organizations (David et al., 2021;Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998), and creating a better educational environment (Baker et al., 2021;Perna and Titus, 2005). Little marketing research has paid attention to this theory (for exceptions, see Bäckström, 2011;McIntyre, 2011). This study showed that consumers' economic capital (i.e., financial wealth) can critically intervene in the art infusion effect through interplaying with cultural capital. ...
What type of art infusion contributes more to positive product evaluation? The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction effect of art infusion type (abstract vs. figurative artwork) and consumers' financial wealth on the attitude toward retailing products via aesthetic emotion. To this end, the two hypotheses was developed drawing upon (a) information-processing stage model of aesthetic processing and (b) theory of cultural capital. An experiment (N = 500) was conducted to test the two hypotheses. The results of a moderated mediation analysis using process macro revealed that to high-income consumers, infusing abstract artwork provoked greater aesthetic emotion than infusing figurative artwork. Yet, to low-income consumers, infusing figurative artwork provoked greater aesthetic emotion than inserting abstract artwork. Further, product attitude served as a downstream consequence of aesthetic emotion. These findings enrich art infusion literature by presenting a new art infusion dimension (art infusion type), its boundary condition (consumers’ income level), and its consequence (product attitude). These findings also provide novel insights into how to leverage art infusion and consumer characteristics for product promotion.
... Hedonic values refer to the fulfillment of pleasure or beauty aspects of a product (Blythe, 2005). Hedonic values also have different meanings such as shopping enjoyment, recreational shopping, and fun shopping (Bäckström, 2011). The hedonic value is a value obtained through customer shopping experiences that reflect emotional and psychological values in the form of joy, entertainment, escape from daily activities (Blackwell et al., 2000), full of adventure which can fulfill their senses (Overby & Lee, 2006), arousal, fantasy, sensory arousal, enjoyment, and curiosity motivated by such a desire to have fun (Kang & Park-Poaps, 2010;Scarpi, 2006). ...
Hijab has become a necessity for Muslim female customers. Hijab products are various as they are used not only as a cover but also increase their confidence since hijab fashion does not have to be left behind by non-hijab fashion. The interest in buying a premium hijab may be due to its utilitarian or hedonic nature. This paper examines the differences between the importance of utilitarian and hedonic values on evidence of buying intention of hijab from Indonesia. This research employs explanatory research by collecting 400 Muslim female respondents in West Java. The data processing method uses a scoring with a Likert scale. The structural Equation Model (SEM) is used to analyze the data by applying SEM-PLS. The results show that both the utilitarian values and the hedonic values simultaneously do not affect the buying intention. Instead, they partially give a significant effect on the buying intention. This could be translated that Muslim women in Indonesia are competing in seeking the values of their faith and need emotional satisfaction in their daily activities.
... Tauber's (1972) seminal article on "why do consumers shop" set the stage and provides legitimacy for research on consumer shopping behaviour. Arguably, the research provoked huge scholarship regarding consumer shopping behaviour (Gonzalez-Hernandez & Orozco-Gomez, 2012;Kristina, 2011). Perhaps due to rapid and complexities of advances in information and communication technology (ICT), shoppers' unpredictive behavior is increasingly being noticed aside the manifestation of variety of motives (Hasliza & Muhammad, 2012). ...
Recently, Southeast Nigeria's retailing environment started witnessing increasing emergence of shopping malls. This ongoing rapid and radical transformation in the retailing landscape in the Southeast Nigeria seems to be quietly redefining the meaning of shopping across various age groups. The dynamics operating the emerging mall segment appear unclear. This, therefore, requires empirically validated research to underpin who shops at the mall and why they shop. Accordingly, this paper seeks to determine empirically the factors that motivate shoppers to shop in mall in Southeast Nigeria and the profile of such shoppers. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 600 actual shoppers in two malls using mall intercept approach. Convergent and discriminant validity as well as composite reliability were checked. Structural equation modeling technique was utilized to analyse the quantitative data generated from the fieldwork. The results indicate that Social networking, role enactment, aesthetics and architectural design, promotional offers, convenience, product quality and assortment, and prices of products were the key motivations for mall consumption among the surveyed respondents in the Southeast Nigeria. Potential managerial and policy implications were discussed while directions for future research were suggested.
... The last connection Jackson makes is relevant to on-the-side shopping; however, the rather modernist distinction between 'work' as obligational and utilitarian and 'leisure' as free and pleasure-bound is problematic (cf. Bardhi & Arnould, 2005;Bäckström, 2011). Furthermore, on-the-side shopping incorporates shopping into all non-shopping activities, regardless of whether or not they can be categorized as work, education, or leisure. ...
During recent decades, shopping’s geographical manifestations have altered radically and the presumed ‘death’ of town centre retailing has become a public concern. The social, cultural, and economic backgrounds of this decentralisation of retail and its effects on city life have been studied comprehensively. However, to date, few studies have examined the changing dynamics of non-mainstream shopping geographies, particularly local shopping streets. How shopping is enacted in such places, and shopping’s part in shaping them, has been largely overlooked. Aspiring to fulfil this knowledge gap, this dissertation examines shopping activities on Södergatan, a local shopping street in a stigmatized ‘super-diverse’ district of Helsingborg, Sweden known as Söder, and contributes to the literature on shopping geographies by drawing on a sociocultural perspective.
The study draws on practice theory and focuses on shopping as the main unit. The analysis is built on a sensitivity to the interrelationships existing between social practices and place, emerging from the epistemic positioning resulting from the identification of 'modes of practices'. In order to grasp the enmeshed character of shopping, which is complicated by cultural, spatial, temporal, material, and sensorial layers, video ethnography was employed as the primary research collection method, in combination with go-along interviews, observation and mental-mapping. The research reveals five major modes of shopping practice which jointly represent a typology for understanding shopping in terms of being enacted in the street; i.e. convenience shopping, social shopping, on-the-side shopping, alternative shopping, and budget shopping. This thesis also shows that the bundling of these modes of shopping shapes the street into a vibrant part of the city by interrelating with the shopping street’s sensomaterial and spatiotemporal dimensions in complex and multifaceted directions. Consequently, the local shopping street is conceptualized as a praxitopia, a place co-constituted through social practices.
... Accordingly, SDD online shopping reduces the chances of residents getting to know and to interact with their neighbors. Second, sometimes people go shopping with neighbors, which is regarded as a strong social tie within the neighborhood (Bäckström, 2011;Davis et al., 2012). When SDD online shopping replaces local store shopping, the occurrence of companion shopping with neighbors may decrease. ...
Local store shopping is a catalyst for social interactions among neighbors. As same-day-delivery (SDD) online shopping replaces local store shopping, it may reshape this social process through various mechanisms. However, few studies empirically explore the changes in these interactions. Using household survey data in Nanjing, this paper employs a structural equations model to explore the relationships among SDD online shopping, local store shopping, and three types of social interactions among neighbors. SDD online shopping is negatively associated with greeting/chatting with neighbors, but has a positive association with social gathering. Although SDD online shopping is positively associated with companion shopping with neighbors, the association is weaker than that between local store shopping and companion shopping. Therefore, SDD online shopping transforms neighborhood social interactions by weakening weak ties and strengthening strong ties with neighbors, undermining community vitality and social cohesion. Policies and programs should be developed to sustain neighborhood social interactions.
... Retailscape is profoundly social in many ways. While shopping by using an etail app, consumers often interact both online (over internet) or offline (over voice call or messages) with their friends and families for shopping information, point of views and other cues for buying decision.. (Fuentes and Svingstedt 2017,Author's view) Interaction with friend & peers a User review, word of mouth a Experiencescape Both active and passive (mobile window shopping) shopping is also an enjoyment for etail consumers and therefore can be framed shopping as "recreational and experiential activity" (Borghini et al., 2009;Hollenback et al., 2008;Bäckström 2011;Marrewijk and Broos, 2012) etail brand tune a , background music on product demonstration a etail brand tune a , background music on product demonstration a Informationscape ...
A unique brand experience (BX) is vital for marketers to create differentiation for their brands in a hyper price sensitive e-tail industry. While BX as a concept evolved in a physical-retailing environment, only a few studies extended the same in the e-tailing environment. Using ISM (interpretive structure modeling) and the MICMAC (Matrix Impact Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification) approach, this study attempts to address this gap by investigating the factors which form the BX in an app-based online retail environment (eRBX) and by highlighting insights on this. A literature review on BX and a collection of responses from 33 domain experts led to the identification of 20 factors and the showcasing of a multilevel interpretive relational structure of eRBX. Value for money and marketing communication emerged as first-order factors for eRBX in line with existing research. The authors' original contribution lied in finding two new multi-dimensional concepts of Physical Evidence (PE), and Enjoyment (E) in BX research. Ten critical influencing factors (CIF) were under PE, and five hygiene factors (HF) were under E for eRBX. Both these multi-dimensional concepts are further framed into an alternative paradigm of etailscape. This study can help practitioners to understand the insight and anatomy, for creating sustainable eRBX, and prioritize marketing investments accordingly.
... On one hand, the hedonic shopping dimension has been regarded as an inherent part of leisure shopping experience, closely related with entertainment (Kim 2002;Carù and Cova 2003), and feelings of pleasure, enjoyment, fun (Guiry et al. 2006), delight and excitement (Kim and Kim 2008), that consumers may experience "from just being at the marketplace, experiencing stores, products, and people" (Bäckström 2011). Additionally, prior research shows that store environmental variables influence the hedonistic shopping experience, such as the store ambient, design and social factors, which contribute to the perception of hedonic benefits (Park et al. 2006). ...
Much of the literature on the attractiveness and pleasantness of retail stores has focused on the critical influence of store atmospheric or ambient attributes, which influence customer satisfaction and store choice. However, little is known about the environmental cues that influence customers’ satisfaction in different shopping contexts. The present research aims to answer the following questions: “Are the store atmospheric variables equally relevant in hedonic and utilitarian shopping?”; and further: “Does the influence of store environment on customer satisfaction vary depending on the type of shopping?”.
For this purpose an empirical research is developed through PLS Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) based on data obtained from hedonic (n=210) and utilitarian (n=267) shopping contexts. Findings report that customer satisfaction is driven by internal ambient and merchandise layout in hedonic shopping contexts; while the external ambient and the merchandise layout are the major atmospheric cues in utilitarian shopping. Interestingly, the store crowding does not influence customers’ satisfaction. This study provides a deeper understanding of the specific store attributes that influence customer satisfaction, which could be used by retailers to differentiate themselves from competitors.
... Night markets play unique socioeconomic roles as both cultural attractions for residents and must-see tourist destinations for international visitors (Liu, 2014;Kuo et al., 2012;Muzaini, 2006;Hsieh and Chang, 2006). They can be centres of vitality in a city, attracting both residents and tourists for sightseeing, relaxing, shopping, and sampling delicacies (Ishak et al., 2011), thereby satisfying international tourists' desire for novelty (Chang and Chiang, 2006), gift-giving culture (Lin, 2017), and enjoyment in their leisure time (Bäckström 2011). Thus, many Asian cities, such as Taipei, Hong Kong, Bangkok, and Seoul, highlight night markets in international tourism advertising campaigns to attract more foreign tourists (Liang and Le, 2014;Michaelidou et al., 2013;Sun et al., 2012). ...
This study conducted a survey on impulse buying at several international night markets in Taiwan and obtained 1053 responses. The data were analysed by partial least squares structural equation modelling. The model was composed of several constructs: attitude towards impulse buying, impulse buying tendency, and variables of customer focus, including insight ability (vendors’ insight into customer needs), customer information, response and feedback, and vendor enthusiasm. The analytical results revealed that insight ability, customer information, response and feedback, and enthusiasm have direct and significant positive effects on attitude towards impulse buying. Additionally, multi-group comparisons in partial least squares analysis revealed partial but statistically significant differences in the path relationships between male customers (568) and female customers; (485); foreign (465) and domestic (588) customers, among night market visitors. This study contributes to the literature by providing a more precise overview of the influence of customer focus on impulse buying tendency within a limited time frame and a crowded space.
... Los entornos de comercio modernos también denominados grandes centros comerciales son un espacio importante en el estilo de vida de los consumidores (Lucia-Palacios et al, 2020;Ortegón & Royo, 2019;Calvo-Porral & Lévy-Mangín, 2018) debido s su oferta de entretenimiento y ocio que trascienden la capacidad de atracción de las compras (Aliagha et al., 2015;Bäckström, 2011). En consecuencia, el estudio de estos entornos de comercio moderno es de interés para la literatura de marketing al poder incentivar la intención de visita, y por tanto mejorar su gestión competitiva (Gomes y Paula, 2017;Merrilees et al., 2016;). ...
p>Los entornos de comercio modernos también denominados grandes centros comerciales son un espacio importante en el estilo de vida de los consumidores que han evolucionado a través del mejoramiento de la experiencia de visita a través de su capacidad de atracción, en este sentido, se ha realizado una investigación de carácter documental y sistemática con el fin de identificar los factores de atracción y los tópicos de investigación. Se observa que no existe un consenso respecto a la cantidad y tipología de factores que componen la atracción de los entornos de comercio moderno, sin embargo, se pueden deducir variables de atracción comunes.</p
... And although the primary activity in shopping is to get the goods required for our daily use, the word 'shopping' could also encompass eating and drinking in cafes, going to places of interest, being with one's friends as well as visiting shops and simply walking around. As Kristina Bä ckström once said "Shopping is also a form of leisure opportunities" [1]. ...
... the retail landscape (Inman and Nikolova, 2017;Pantano et al., 2017;Willems et al., 2017), in terms of: providing entertainment experiences for consumers, while integrating leisure factors (Arnolds and Reynolds, 2003;Backstrom, 2011;Dacko, 2017;Demirkan and Spohrer, 2014;Johnson et al., 2015;Jones, 1999); consumer-retailer relationship building (Pantano, 2016); layout and atmosphere (Demirkan and Spohrer, 2014;Pantano, 2016;Poncin and Mimoun, 2014); evolution of the physical point of sale (Pantano and Verteramo, 2015); and benefits for retailers (Alexander, 2008;Evanschitzky et al., 2015;Hagberg et al., 2016;Hristov and Reynolds, 2015;Papagiannidis et al., 2017;Tsai et al., 2010). Pantano et al. (2018) and Pantano and Verteramo (2015) referred to the three main technology categories which are dramatically changing retailing: social media, mobile technologies and in-stores systems (i.e. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which luxury brand retailers use new technologies as a tool for corporate marketing communication.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a multiple-case study approach consisting of five information-rich cases, with the similar characteristics of large firms selling luxury brands which are aware of the importance of innovation. In each company, the authors interviewed the key person in charge of marketing innovation strategies and collected data from annual reports, press releases and direct observation of all the new technology categories used.
Findings
The findings of this paper reveal that this sector is considerably aware of the benefits of using new media as a marketing communication tool, while the effective use of these new media is still limited.
Research limitations/implications
This paper provides an empirical contribution to the emerging topic of innovation and technology management in retailing, with the emphasis being placed on the luxury sector through an in-depth investigation of the usage of new technologies by the firms studied.
Originality/value
This paper is the first one investigating thoroughly the luxury sector usage of new technologies to improve corporate marketing communication.
... Overall, artfully compounded deceiving and simulation tactics unfold systems of overabundant social, material and cognitive loops with apparent self-sufficient character. They capture desire with relationality-forming mechanisms that entrap it in closed loops centred on commodities and embed it in a hybrid experience of the lifeworld that involves socialisation (Bäckström, 2011;Massicotte et al, 2011) play and wellbeing (e.g., the augmented reality games capacity to redefine technological and cultural practices [Hjorth & Richardson, 2017] and stimulate physical activity [LeBlanc & Chaput, 2017]). This is achieved by providing pre-constituted locked assemblages of disparate elements, such as scripted events that spark controlled social play between unacquainted people, or making available predetermined and programmed assembling devices, such as activating networking POIs of locative digital social media. ...
Considering place-based participation a crucial factor for the development of sustainable and resilient cities in the post-digital turn age, this paper addresses the socio-spatial implications of the recent transformation of relationality networks. To understand the drivers of spatial claims emerged in conditions of digitally augmented spectacle and simulation, it focuses on changes occurring in key nodes of central urban public and semi-public spaces of rapidly developing cities. Firstly, it proposes a theoretical framework for the analysis of problems related to socio-spatial fragmentation, polarisation and segregation of urban commons subject to external control. Secondly, it discusses opportunities and criticalities emerging from a representational paradox depending on the ambivalence in the play of desire found in digitally augmented semi-public spaces. The discussion is structured to shed light on specific socio-spatial relational practices that counteract the dissipation of the “common worlds” caused by sustained processes of urban gentrification and homogenisation. The theoretical framework is developed from a comparative critical urbanism approach inspired by the right to the city and the right to difference, and elaborates on the discourse on sustainable development that informs the United Nations’ New Urban Agenda. The analysis focuses on how digitally augmented geographies reintroduce practices of participation and commoning that reassemble fragmented relational infrastructures and recombine translocal social, cultural and material elements. Empirical studies on the production of advanced simulative and transductive spatialities in places of enhanced consumption found in Auckland, New Zealand, ground the discussion. These provide evidence of the extent to which the agency of the augmented territorialisation forces reconstitutes inclusive and participatory systems of relationality. The concluding notes, speculating on the emancipatory potential found in these social laboratories, are a call for a radical redefinition of the approach to the problem of the urban commons. Such a change would improve the capacity of urbanism disciplines to adequately engage with the digital turn and efficaciously contribute to a maximally different spatial production that enhances and strengthens democracy and pluralism in the public sphere.
... Nowadays, the mall culture plays an important role in consumers' lifestyles (Calvo-Porral and Lévy-Mangín, 2018) because they have become entertainment and leisure spaces that transcend shopping (Bäckström, 2011), offering navigation activities that are characterized by the search of pleasurable experiences in benefit of its own attractiveness (Palacios et al., 2016). Consequently, the study of design and development of innovative spaces to motivate the intention to visit is an important stimuli in malls' competitive management, in which the environmental and offer dimensions have been more prominent in prior research related to malls' attractiveness . ...
Purpose
The mall industry in Latin America has grown rapidly in the past decade, offering diverse proposals oriented to improving the attractiveness of this commerce format; along this line, despite the fact that several studies have analyzed variables from an ecological perspective based on the relationship of the physical space with the consumers (from a marketing context), there is shortage in research regarding alternative attractiveness factors inspired by nature, although its connection with people’s behavior has been confirmed. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: Is the perception of environments with natural resources displayed in malls an alternative attractiveness factor for visitors? Thus, does it benefit its own competitive management against other attractiveness variables that focus on offering variety, accessibility, physical design and entertainment?
Design/methodology/approach
The quantitative method is an exploratory factor analysis that is followed by a confirmatory analysis and resulting in a measurement model based on 470 effective questionnaires. The exploratory and confirmatory nature focused on multidimensional verification of the measurement model (including the validation of the eco-natural environment) justified this choice in consistence with prior research that has used goodness of fit criteria.
Findings
The paper not only suggests the existence of a perception factor in the eco-natural environment, but it also determines its comparative importance over other traditional attractiveness factors reported in scientific literature. Particularly because commercial attractiveness is a consequence of how marketing variables are managed by malls and of how consumers respond to said variables, benefiting the visit’s experience.
Practical implications
The paper contributes to malls’ competitive management by suggesting and proving the importance of the eco-natural environment as a commercial attractiveness factor; thus, the results encourage this format’s developers to take into account new ways of persuasion considering its progressive and competitive rise in the past years in Latin America.
Originality/value
There is shortage of research on alternative attractiveness factors for malls; therefore, contrasting the eco-natural environment in a measurement model of commercial attractiveness allows contributing strategic information to the industry, which in turn constitutes an innovative resource to lure and motivate visitors. On the other hand, the paper contributes the state of knowledge of environmental variables over consumers’ assessments.
... Extant literature (Khare, 2011;Al-Mahy, 2013) document Tauber's (1972) seminal article on "why do consumers shop" as the leading research on consumer shopping behaviour. Expectedly, the research opened the frontiers of consumer shopping behaviour inquiry; setting it as a critical and contemporary construct which has been widely discussed in empirical studies (Gonzalez-Hernandez and Orozco-Gomez, 2012;Kristina, 2011), including retailing management textbooks (Levy and Weitz, 2007). Today, shoppers' behaviour is becoming increasingly unpredictable compared to previous decades as shoppers tend to manifest variety of motives (Hasliza and Muhammad, 2012). ...
Nigeria started witnessing entry and exponential expansion of shopping malls a decade ago. Despite this obviously unprecedented growth and transformation in the retailing domain which has dramatically redefined shopping concept across socio-demographics, there is little understanding about the dynamics operating in the emerging segment. It still represents the "black box" in the shopping behaviour literature in Nigeria given its embryonic status. This paper examines factors that determine mall-patronage frequency in Nigeria and used those factors to develop a theory. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 1537 actual mall shoppers, aged 18 years and over in six major malls using mall intercept approach. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique was employed to assess the hypothesized causal relationships by using SmartPLS 2.0 software. Convergent and discriminant validity including composite reliability were checked. Eight mall-patronage frequency determinants emerged; shoppers' ethnic background and age have interaction effect. The study develops a theory that reflects drivers of mall-patronage frequency among Nigerian shoppers, extending the mall-shopping research by providing contemporary insights into the requirements of shoppers in a fast-changing retail landscape. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings were discussed.
... Teorik bölümde kaynak gösterilen farklı araştırmalarda belirtildiği gibi (Kempf, 1999;Backström, 2011;Bakırtaş ve Divanoğlu, 2013;Açıkalın ve Yaşar, 2017), faydacı ve hedonik tüketimin satın alma davranışına etkisi farklı ürün gruplarında, tüketicilerin psikolojik, sosyal, ekonomik veya anlık değişen çevresel şartlarda da değişebileceği unutulmamalıdır. Hedonik tüketim, dürtüsel satın alma davranışını direkt ve olumlu yönde etkilediğinden, işletme yöneticilerinin, tüketicileri işletmeye çekmeyi başaracak veya ürünlerin hedonik yönlerini ön plana çıkaracak faaliyetlere önem vermesinde yarar olabilir. ...
Özet
Pazarlama yazınına göre tüketim, doğası gereği, bir taraftan faydacı diğer taraftan da hedonik boyutları olan ikili bir davranıştır. Araştırmanın amacı hedonik ve faydacı tüketimin, dürtüsel ve kompulsif satın alma davranışları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.
Bu amaca ulaşmak için alanyazından elde edilen bilgiler ışığında Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) oluşturulmuştur. Örnekleme yöntemi olarak, kümelere göre örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, meslek yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören öğrencilerden, bırak-topla yöntemiyle, kullanılabilir durumda 668 adet anket elde edilmiştir. Oluşturulan modelin sonuçlarına göre hedonik tüketim, dürtüsel ve kompulsif satın alma üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif direkt bir etkiye sahiptir. Faydacı tüketim, dürtüsel ve kompulsif satın alma üzerinde anlamlı ve negatif direkt bir etkiye sahiptir. Tüketici, hedonik temelli ürünler arayarak dürtüsel ve kompulsif satın alma kararları vermektedir. Ayrıca faydacı ve hedonik tüketimin, kompulsif satın
alma üzerindeki etkisinde dürtüsel satın almanın aracılık etkisi yoktur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hedonik tüketim, Faydacı tüketim, Dürtüsel satın alma, Kompulsif satın alma.
IMPACT OF HEDONIC AND UTILITARIAN CONSUMPTION ON IMPULSIVE AND COMPULSIVE BUYING
Abstract
According to the marketing literature, naturally, consumption is a dual behaviour which has two dimensions, one is utilitarian and the other is hedonic. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of hedonic and utilitarian consumption on impulsive and compulsive buying. In order to achieve this aim, Structural Equation Model (SEM) was revealed in the light of information obtained from the literature. As a sampling method, sampling method according to clusters was used. In the scope of the research, using self-completion survey method, from vocational high school students, 668 usable questionnaries have been obtained. According to the results of the model, hedonic consumption has a significant and positive direct effect on impulsive consumption and compulsive buying. Utilitarian consumption has a significant and negative direct effect on impulsive consumption and compulsive buying. The consumer makes impulsive and compulsive buying decisions by searching for hedonic based consumption. Furthermore, it has been understood that there is no mediating effect of impulse consumption on the effect of utilitarian and hedonic consumption on compulsive buying.
Keywords: Hedonic consumption, Utilitarian consumption, Impulsive consumption, Compulsive buying.
... Chasing "the good pieces" (interview Julie) and being among those who know where to look first are perceived as highly satisfactory. In line with this, browsing and searching for desirable products at temporary sales can arouse excitement and thrills that are typical of a frenzy (but that can also be part of other shopping modes, see Bäckström, 2011). ...
The aim of this paper is to explore, conceptualize, and critically discuss how the temporary retail site of the pop-up store works towards inciting consumers to buy products which have previously been discarded. Drawing on, and developing, the concept of the retailscape, we use empirical material from an ethnographic study to show how the temporal retailscape of the pop-up store is assembled, and how it shapes shopping practice. The spatial organization of these stores, their ephemeral nature, the limited product availability, and the unconventional spatial organization enable what we term frenzy shopping-a distinct mode of emotionally-intensive shopping whereby previously established shopping norms and rules of conduct are temporarily suspended.
... Social/psychological benefits included communicating wealth and power (e.g., conspicuous consumption), discovering new things, expressing/defining oneself (especially among adolescents and young adults), avoiding regret over opportunity costs associated with a bypassed purchase (e.g., failure to maintain a fashionable wardrobe), emulating members of an aspirational group (e.g., wearing designer brands worn by idolized celebrities), showing group affiliation (e.g., adapting an in-group's fashion sense), and celebrating special occasions through ritualized consumption (Hine, 2002;Pooler, 2003). Hedonic/recreational/leisure reasons for shopping related to adventure (for sensory and intellectual stimulation), socializing with friends and family, interacting with others, creating a sense of community, self-gratification (e.g., 'treating' oneself), information gathering (about trends, fashions, and products), finding 'perfect' gifts, self-definition (through trial-and-error, especially among Millennials), psychological gains from finding bargains (e.g., confirming intelligence and deal-finding ability), stress reduction, entertainment, prestige/conspicuous consumption, fantasy, and escapism (Arnold & Reynolds, 2003;Babin, Darden, & Griffin, 1994;Bäckström, 2011;Hirschman, 1983;H.-S. Kim, 2006;D. ...
This research examines OLX Autos users, namely one of the electronic service providers available for fast processing and fulfillment of each transaction related to electronic automotive auctions in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of attitudes and subjective norms on purchase intentions and their influence on purchasing decisions at OLX Autos electronic auctions. The sample used in this study was 175 respondents or users of the OLX Autos application. The data analysis method used in this study is Partial Least Square using Smartpls software. The test results show that attitudes have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Subjective Norms have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Attitude has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Subjective norms have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. And buying interest has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.
The paper uses daily data from Google to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s mobility around the world regarding three types of leisure and travel activity: retail shopping and recreation; participation in open spaces, such as parks, beaches, gardens, and marinas; and food and medicine. These types of activity reflect important leisure and travel choices of people under conditions of epidemiological risk. We use the daily mortality rate as a key predictor. The results show that higher rates of mortality are associated with a lower mobility in shopping and recreation activities, higher mobility in open space activities, and rather insignificant changes in mobility regarding necessities. The effect depends on the stringency of the lockdown policies. The results remain robust after applying endogeneity analysis and country-level controls.
The circular format is a cluster of heterogeneous stores under the same brand within the city center through the store-outside-a-store strategy. The purpose is to demonstrate that the circular format has a positive impact on store image, self-congruity, retail brand experience, and store patronage. Shopping values were also considered as moderators. Three studies conducted in Italy reveal that: a. the consumers of the circular format have higher store patronage than those of the traditional format; b. such patronage is moderated by hedonic shopping value; and c. the relationship between the circular format and store patronage is mediated by self-congruity and retail brand experience through store image.
Purpose
This study segmented consumers by combining emotional and shopping characteristics to develop typologies that classify their consumption patterns and disposal behaviors.
Design/methodology/approach
To identify segments of fashion consumers, an online questionnaire was administered measuring emotional and shopping characteristics, including perspective taking, empathic concern, personal distress, hedonism, and frugality. An online questionnaire involving 168 US-based participants were used to accomplish the purpose of the study. A cluster analysis was conducted to identify segments of participants based on these variables. Consumption patterns and disposal behavior, including motivation to buy environmentally friendly items, consciousness for sustainable consumption, buying impulsiveness, likelihood to follow fashion trends, and tendencies to dispose of or repair damaged or unwanted items were also measured via the questionnaire as dependent variables to be predicted by identified segments.
Findings
Three clusters of consumers were identified as: Distressed and Self-Oriented, Warm and Thrifty, and Cold and Frivolous. Distressed and Self-Oriented individuals reported the highest levels of personal distress and hedonism. Warm and Thrifty individuals reported the highest levels of empathic concern, perspective taking and frugality, and the lowest levels of personal distress and hedonism. Cold and Frivolous individuals reported the lowest levels of perspective taking, empathic concern, and frugality.
Originality/value
The classification of consumers into segments brings a new dimension to the field of sustainable fashion. Clusters were created according to the variables of emotional characteristics (i.e. perspective taking, empathic concern, and personal distress) and shopping characteristics (i.e. hedonism and frugality). The analysis unveiled three distinct clusters that can be utilized to develop tailored strategies to successfully promote sustainable fashion consumption.
Retail centers can be considered as places for interactional and recreational activities and such social roles of retail centers contribute to the popularity of the retail centers. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify effective factors encouraging customers to engage with interactional activities and measure how these factors affect customer behavior. Accordingly, two hypotheses were raised illustrating that the travel time (i.e. the time it takes for a customer to reach the retail center) and the variety of shops (in a retail center) increase the percentage of people who spend their leisure time and recreational activities retail centers. Two case studies were conducted in two analogous retail centers, one in Tehran, Iran, and the other in Madrid, Spain. According to the results, there is an interaction between the travel time and the motivation for the presence of people in the retail center. Furthermore, the results revealed that half of both retail center goers who spend more than 10 minutes to reach the retail centers prefer to do leisure activities and browsing than shopping. In other words, the longer it takes a person to get to the center, the more likely he/she is to spend more time in the mall and do more leisure activities. It is also found that there is a significant relationship between the variety of shops in a retail center and the motivation of customers attending a retail center that encourages people to spend their leisure time in retail centers.
Purpose
This study aims to detect the dimensions of the in-store customer shopping experience from the sports retailer perspective and to investigate how the role of sports equipment stores is changing.
Design/methodology/approach
This exploratory study performs semi-structured interviews with retail managers of sports equipment stores.
Findings
This research reveals the importance of the dimensions of immersive design, sensorial ambient elements, social relationships, trialability and real experience sharing in designing a memorable in-store shopping experience in sports stores, and it highlights that the store's role in the sports context is transitioning from sales space to an interactive, immersive, engaging and convivial place. It proposes a model to design the in-store customer shopping experience effectively.
Practical implications
Sports equipment managers can make their physical stores as experiential as possible by investing in expert, passionate personnel and technology in order to create a real in-store experience of the product and the sports practice.
Originality/value
While sports equipment retailers acknowledge the importance of providing customers with a memorable shopping experience by creating an evocative environment and placing multiple touchpoints in stores, management scholars have paid limited attention to sports stores. This study explores the ways in which sports retail managers can design their stores effectively in experiential terms.
Whilst M-commerce is having a major influence in the way businesses and consumers interact, mobile shopping service quality (MS-SQ) has been understudied in the literature. This paper examines MS-SQ within a conceptual model of customer satisfaction and loyalty surveying UK customers who bought fashion clothing via their mobile devices. The results of two empirical studies confirm four dimensions of MS-SQ: efficiency, fulfilment, responsiveness and contact. Using bootstrapping of 2000 resamples, SEM results showed a significant impact of MS-SQ on customer satisfaction, which in turn impacts loyalty. These results are robust across two samples. Only the dimension efficiency exhibits an indirect effect on loyalty via satisfaction in both studies whilst controlling for gender, age, income, value of clothing item, and m-shopping experience. These findings are discussed and have managerial implications for retailers operating m-commerce sites.
Purpose
Experiential marketing is a technique through which companies enhance their promotional marketing with extensive sensory and imagery appeal in order to intensify consumers' experience. The purpose of this current empirical study is to address this strategy and suggests a conceptual framework to explain consumer attitude and behavior toward the promoted brand and the retailer store. Consumers' psychographic characteristics were added to enhance the novelty of the study.
Design/methodology/approach
An experiential stimulating environment was created in a real retail store location. The study employs data collected during the experiential demonstration.
Findings
The path model suggests that the intensity of the experience evokes an affective response toward the promoted brand and an indirect response toward the hosting retailer. Psychographic characteristics, such as the tendency to socialize and extrinsic cues, were found to moderate the effect of experiential marketing.
Practical implications
Product manufacturers and suppliers can use experiential marketing techniques to improve affective and cognitive responses toward their products and brands. Experiential promotion should also be strategically encouraged by retailers because it creates a recreational shopping experience that enhances the retailer's image.
Originality/value
The study is among the few empirical works that examine real-life settings and the double impact of experiential marketing on brand image and the retailer's store image. The study contributes to the existing literature by suggesting a path analysis model toward brand and store images, which combines the effect of experiential marketing with psychographic characteristics.
With the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world are affected
and taking drastic steps to curb the spread of the virus by implementing
Movement Control Order (MCO) and lockdowns. The feeling of depression and uncertainty of many Malaysians have resulted into a sense of
panic and fear. The aim of this study is to explore Malaysian consumers’
consumption behavior during the first phase of MCO due to COVID-19.
This study employed Theory Planned Behavior as an underpinning theory to explain consumer behavior during this pandemic. 231 respondents
were chosen using convenience sampling technique. The data was analyzed and interpreted using the statistical package SPSS and version 3.2.9
of the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The
study showed mass and social medias inputs were influential in assessing
the severity of the crisis, and thereby impacting the shopping experience.
This study confirmed that Malaysian Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) was a
vital variable in purchasing behavior during the MCO’s first phase.
The study aims to examine the perceived antecedents that influence the selection of shopping malls and determine the predictive nature of visit frequency that might lead shoppers to the intended purchase. Hence, the research question asked “to what extent the six determinants would most likely to affect shoppers frequency of visit to the malls and their purchase intention”. The method employed was positivist paradigm using questionnaires administering to young and adult respondents. A total of 200 usable samples were used for the SPSS analyses. Several primary statistical tools were used such as descriptive analyses, reliability test, factor analysis, multivariate and bivariate regressions. The results revealed that all constructs reliability were above Cronbach alpha 0.70 and both the convergent and discriminant validities were met via the exploratory factor analysis. The finding concluded that convenience, tenant variety, functional attributes, hedonic value and promotion are positively related to the frequency of visit. In addition, frequency of visit is also positively related to the purchase intention. The finding of this research provided both theoretical and practical implications.
This chapter aims to identify customers' needs in regard to in-store shopping experiences and to examine these results with specific reference to generational differences between the senior and younger customers. This exploratory study followed a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews conducted through focus groups. Specifically, four sessions were organized with 24 Italian customers, of whom 12 were baby boomers and 12 were millennials, who were frequent visitors to retail stores to undertake shopping activities. The pleasure, arousal, and dominance (PAD) model was used to explain customers' needs in regard to in-store shopping experiences. The research contributes to the current literature on both a theoretical and managerial level. From a theoretical perspective, it identifies customers' needs in regard to in-store shopping experiences with particular attention devoted to the generational perspective. In managerial terms, this study provides retailers with suggestions on possible strategic paths to be taken to create a personalized in-store shopping experience.
This research focuses on shopping centers and on the shopping and consuming experiences produced and undergone within these retail spaces in different cities and in different regions of the world. Although significant work has been done on this topic in developed economies, significantly less has been devoted to emerging economies and even less has been done in comparative terms. This work builds on the existing Consumer Culture Theory related literature and it attempts to address current gaps in this body of work, as well as to provide managerial recommendations based on research findings. It differentiates itself from previous research on shopping centers on four main aspects: (1) By studying the phenomenon of shopping centers in Latin America, a largely unexplored domain; (2) By adding a multicultural perspective to the body of research on consumer and shopping experiences at shopping centers through the study of cases in five different cities; (3) By establishing a process of case selection to provide a priori variability of cases; (4) By comparing on ¨continuum¨ (Carù & Cova, 2007; Roederer, 2008) the full array of shopping experiences: produced, undergone and co-driven (Csaba and Askegaard, 1999; Tsai, 2010) and assessing whether these experiences vary across locations as well as the possible causes of variation.
This paper investigates online price search, taking advantage of proprietary data from a shopbot. We have daily observations on online price search on TrovaPrezzi.it, the most popular Italian shopbot, for one year, from March 2013 to February 2014. We start from some open research questions in the literature and focus on two exogenous factors: the day of the week on which the search takes place and the weather conditions. Price searches are larger on weekdays, especially on Mondays, and under bad weather conditions. The day of the week affects differently price searches across devices, with desktop being the preferred device on Mondays, providing evidence of cyberslacking. Weather conditions instead have a comparable impact across devices.
The author describes and illustrates a hermeneutically grounded interpretive framework for deriving marketing-relevant insights from the "texts" of consumer stories and gives an overview of the philosophical and theoretical foundations of this approach. Next, the author describes a hermeneutic framework for interpreting the stories consumers tell about their experiences of products, services, brand images, and shopping. An illustrative analysis demonstrates how this framework can be applied to generate three levels of interpretation: (1) discerning the key patterns of meanings expressed by a given consumer in the texts of his or her consumption stories, (2) identifying key patterns of meaning that emerge across the consumption stories expressed by different consumers, and (3) deriving broader conceptual and managerial implications from the analysis of consumer narratives. This hermeneutic approach is compared and contrasted to the means-end chains laddering framework, the "voice of the customer" approach to identifying consumer needs, and market-oriented ethnography. The author concludes with a discussion that highlights the types of marketing insights that can result from a hermeneutic interpretation of consumers' consumption stories and then addresses the roles creativity and expertise play in this research orientation.
Most empirical work on product symbolism has paid relatively little attention to how products are used by consumers in everyday social life. This paper argues that the subjective experience imparted by the consumption of many products substantially contributes to the consumer's structuring of social reality, self-concept, and behavior. Moreover, the consumer often relies upon the social meanings inherent in products as a guide to the performance of social roles, especially when role demands are novel. While marketing theory traditionally views products as post hoc responses to underlying needs, the focus here is on conditions under which products serve as a priori stimuli to behavior. By integrating concepts adapted from symbolic interactionism, this approach stresses the importance of product symbolism as a mediator of self-definition and role performance.
Although large enclosed shopping malls represent significant institutions in modem Western culture, consumers' activities within malls have been surprisingly underresearched. In the present study, consumers' interrelationships with malls as consumption sites are explored using the concept of a habitat drawn from the ecological sciences. An empirical study of consumer activity within multiple mall habitats is then discussed. Specifically, this research explores differences in mall habitat activity patterns and identifies mall related shopping orientations that are useful in explaining these differences.
We explore the meaning and histories of favorite objects in two cultures using surveys and photographs. Favorite object attachment is differentiated from the possessiveness component of materialism and from attachment to other people. Meanings of favorite objects derive more from personal memories in the U.S. and from social status in Niger than from object characteristics. Since favorite objects serve as storehouses of personal meanings, gender, age, and culture reflect differences in object selected as well as reasons for selection. In the U.S., photographs show greater proximity to objects that are symbols of others or experiences than to objects enjoyed for their own attributes.
Described by the critics as the Heaven’s Gate of marketing scholarship, University of Ulster Productions proudly presents, Marketing as Multiplex: Screening Postmodernism. A heart-warming and moving story of a young, immature and schizophrenic academic discipline that is abandoned by its parents, despised by its siblings and left to fend for itself in a postmodern world of fragmentation, ephemerality and doubt. But which is saved by the all-redeeming power of the cinema, the magic of the moving image, the use of the multiplex as a metaphor for marketing. Written, produced and directed by Stephen Brown, creator of such straight-to-video classics as Retail Location and Retail Warehouse Parks, Marketing as Multiplex is a cavalcade of tears, joy, laughter, thrills and mixed cinematic metaphors. Read it and weep.
Through an ethnography of shopping that takes place in five thrift stores in a US midwestern town, the authors examine the role of thrift in a shopping process that is both economic and hedonic—‘thrift shopping’. Taking a dialectical perspective on the study of shopping (Sherry, 1990), Miller's (1998) findings on the role of thrift are extended by showing that in the thrift shopping context thrift coexists with treat, and the pursuit of thrift can itself become a hedonic experience. In addition, the authors identify six ways in which consumers practise thrift in thrift shopping and the hedonic benefits that they derive from this money-saving activity. The findings challenge the traditional frugality perspective of dichotomising thrift and hedonic desire being opposite and contradictory orientations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In many previous studies of consumer behavior, shopping has been equated with buying. This research examines the concept of
browsing—the examination of a retailer’s merchandise without a current intent to buy. Results indicate that for the product
classes of clothing and personal computers, browsing is related to perceptions of relevant dimensions of the retail environment.
In addition, heavy browsers are more involved with the product, are more knowledgeable, and are more likely to be opinion
leaders than are other consumers. Suggestions for future research are also noted.
This study uses observation of shopping behaviour as a method for developing shopper segments. Shoppers were observed at different stores and based on the behavioural cues they were classified into six segments. The study generated some segments that were similar to earlier studies based on attitude or psychographics. In addition, it identified new segments. More importantly, the study proposes an alternative basis and methodology for segmenting shoppers. The study also found that the segments were differentiated largely on the basis of the type of products the stores sold and the format of the stores. The study suggests that in an evolving market situation where the manufacturers’ brands constitute a major portion of the merchandise, a store could add value through store format design to create differentiation in the market place and mould the behaviour of the shoppers to its benefit.
In this paper the authors investigate enjoyment of the shopping experience, its influence on consumers’ intention to repatronise a regional shopping centre and the effect of gender differences on shopping enjoyment. Four dimensions of shopping enjoyment are proposed and a 16-item measure is developed to assess 536 consumer perceptions of the shopping experience across five counties in the United Kingdom. Findings indicate that shopping experience enjoyment has a significant positive influence upon customers’ repatronage intentions. Furthermore, men are found to have a stronger relationship of enjoyment with repatronage than women. The implications of these results are discussed, together with managerial implications, study limitations, and future research directions.
Desire is the motivating force behind much of contemporary consumption. Yet consumer research has devoted little specific attention to passionate and fanciful consumer desire. This article is grounded in consumers' everyday experiences of longing for and fantasizing about particular goods. Based on journals, interviews, projective data, and inquiries into daily discourses in three cultures (the United States, Turkey, and Denmark), we develop a phenomenological account of desire. We find that desire is regarded as a powerful cyclic emotion that is both discomforting and pleasurable. Desire is an embodied passion involving a quest for otherness, sociality, danger, and inaccessibility. Underlying and driving the pursuit of desire, we find self-seduction, longing, desire for desire, fear of being without desire, hopefulness, and tensions between seduction and morality. We discuss theoretical implications of these processes for consumer research. Copyright 2003 by the University of Chicago.
This article examines what people do when they consume. In recent interpretive consumer research, three research streams have emerged, each portraying how people consume through a distinctive metaphor: consuming as experience, consuming as integration, and consuming as classification. The research reported here - a two-year observational case study of baseball spectators in Chicago's Wrigley Field bleachers - builds on this literature to systematically detail the universe of actions that constitute consuming. The resulting topology refines, extends, and synthesizes the three existing approaches to consuming and adds a fourth dimension - consuming as play - to yield a comprehensive vocabulary for describing how consumers consume. The usefulness of the topology is demonstrated by applying it to develop an alternative conception of materialism as a style of consuming. Copyright 1995 by the University of Chicago.
This article draws on the philosophical concept of the hermeneutical circle to explore the cultural viewpoints that underlie the meanings expressed by consumers. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with adult female consumers. The interviews are interpreted first by the identification of an exemplary image or event that we describe as a symbolic metaphor. We show that these symbolic metaphors highlight key personal meanings that each participant ascribed to her consumer experiences. We then use a hermeneutic logic known as intertextual analysis to show that these personal meanings reflect more general cultural viewpoints that are implicitly conveyed in language. These intertextual interpretations offer insights into the sociocultural meanings that underlie skeptical, nostalgic, and pragmatic consumer orientations. A concluding discussion is given to key implications and areas for future research that follow from this hermeneutic approach. Copyright 1994 by the University of Chicago.
Possessions may be a burden to nomadic people of the present and past, but for those moving to more permanent dwellings, possessions offer a means to shed, transport, or create meanings across locales. Mormon pioneer diaries and other historical personal documents are used to assess the meanings and importance of the possessions these pioneers brought on their journey. Computer-assisted qualitative analyses of these documents suggest five major categories of possession symbolism: (1) sacred meanings, (2) material meanings, (3) personal meanings, (4) familial meanings, and (5) communal meanings. Within some of these categories of meaning there are notable differences between men and women. Even though the present findings are based on a particular group and time period, it seems likely that these types of symbolic possession meanings are also to be found in other moves. Copyright 1992 by the University of Chicago.
This article adopts and extends a meaning-based approach to advertising. We emphasize the consumer's perspective and seek to address important factors that motivate and shape actualized advertising meanings. A graphic model is delineated that focuses on consumers' life themes (e.g., being true vs. being false) and life projects (e.g., what it means to be an educator). The model is assessed through a phenomenological inquiry into the life stories of three individuals and their respective experiences of contemporary magazine advertisements. Findings corroborate the proposition that many actualized ad meanings are a function of the consumer's salient life projects as conjoined by life themes. Discussion focuses on the implications for advertising theory and consumer research. Copyright 1992 by the University of Chicago.
An existential-phenomenological description of everday consumer experiences of contempory married women with children as offered. An idiographic case study provides a thick description of this phenomenon and illustrates the hermeneutic process used in the interpretation. Following the case study, three interpretive themes are presented as mutually related aspects of an experiential gestalt that is shaped by the contextual ground of participants' life-world situations. Viewed holistically, the thematic aspects exhibit several dialectical relations that can be understood in terms of the emergent meaning of free choice. The applicability of this experiment gestalt to other life-world contexts is discussed. Copyright 1990 by the University of Chicago.
Through a field study of 229 men and women, the effect of gender-related variables on Christmas-gift-shopping patterns was explored. Survey results suggest that women are more involved than men in the activity. However, men are likely to be more involved if they hold egalitarian gender-role attitudes. Overall, the study indicates that, while Christmas shopping may be a "labor of love" to some, it is most widely construed as "women's work." Copyright 1990 by the University of Chicago.
Existential-phenomenology is presented as an alternative paradigm for conceptualizing and studying consumer experience. Basic theoretical tenets of existential-phenomenology are contrasted with more traditional assumptions and methods used in consumer research. The metaphors used by each paradigm to describe its world view are provided and their respective implications for consumer research discussed. One phenomenological research method is detailed, and examples of how the method is applied and the type of data it produces are provided. An epistemological analysis reveals that existential-phenomenology can provide an empirically based and methodologically rigorous understanding of consumer phenomena.
Our possessions are a major contributor to and reflection of our identities. A variety of evidence is presented supporting this simple and compelling premise. Related streams of research are identified and drawn upon in developing this concept and implications are derived for consumer behavior. Because the construct of extended self involves consumer behavior rather than buyer behavior, it appears to be a much richer construct than previous formulations positing a relationship between self-concept and consumer brand choice.
This article provides a synthesizing overview of the past 20 yr. of consumer research addressing the sociocultural, experiential, symbolic, and ideological aspects of consumption. Our aim is to provide a viable disciplinary brand for this research tradition that we call consumer culture theory (CCT). We propose that CCT has fulfilled recurrent calls for developing a distinctive body of theoretical knowledge about consumption and marketplace behaviors. In developing this argument, we redress three enduring misconceptions about the nature and analytic orientation of CCT. We then assess how CCT has contributed to consumer research by illuminating the cultural dimensions of the consumption cycle and by developing novel theorizations concerning four thematic domains of research interest. (c) 2005 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc..
Purchasing involvement and recreational shopping are two consumer characteristics associated with active shopping and information-seeking. This study examines how these characteristics influence consumers shopping effort and consumers importance ratings of department store attributes. Significant differences are found among highly involved consumers, minimally involved, consumers, and recreational shoppers and between groups of consumers classified on the basis of these two characteristics. Public policy and research implications are discussed.
Do people shop simply to make purchases? Are some shopping trips motivated by considerations that are unrelated to an actual purchase? The results of an exploratory study of shopper motivation suggest that a person may shop for many reasons other than his or her need for products or services.
Although a considerable amount of time, effort, and income is devoted to shopping activity in our society, the study of consumer behavior and its significance for community life has been largely neglected by sociologists. Examining people's definitions of shopping, this paper reveals the decidedly social character of people's purchasing behaviors. Definitions of shopping as more recreational or more laborious undertakings very much reflect shoppers' ongoing interpretations of their encounters with other people and the situations in which they find themselves. By considering shopping as an ongoing, formulative process, we become more aware not only of the situated nature of people's participation in the marketplace, but also of the significance of people's sense of self for the meaningfulness of their activities more generally. /// Bien que notre société consacre beaucoup de temps, d'effort, et d'argent au magasinage, l'étude du comportement des consommateurs, ainsi que son importance pour la vie communautaire, a été négligée par les sociologues. En examinant la définition populaire du magasinage, cet article démontre le caractère social du comportement des acheteurs. Les définitions variées du magasinage, soit en tant qu'activité récréationnelle ou entreprise laborieuse, reflètent l'interprétation personnelle continue des acheteurs de leurs rencontres avec d'autres et des situations dans lesquelles ils/elles se retrouvent. En considérant le magasinage comme un processus formulatif et continu, nous devenons plus conscient de la nature situationelle de la participation populaire sur le marché, et d'une façon plus générale, de l'importance de la perception de soi pour le sens qu'on donne à ses activités.
The objectives of this study were to investigate: (a) whether shopping enjoyment has a differential influence on two key store shopping modes (browsing vs. bargain hunting); (b) whether the level of chronic time pressure moderates the influence of shopping enjoyment on each shopping mode; and (c) whether each of the shopping modes has a differential influence on hedonic shopping value. Data were collected from a sample of US store shoppers (n=1009). Results revealed that the influence of shopping enjoyment was much stronger on the browsing mode than on the bargain hunting mode. In turn, the browsing mode exerted a stronger influence on hedonic shopping value. Also, this study confirmed that the level of chronic time pressure significantly moderated the influence of shopping enjoyment on the browsing mode. Implications for brick-and-mortar retailers were discussed with suggestions for future research.
The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.
Purpose
Consumers are spending more on leisure, and retailers and shopping centre developers are seeking ways to make shopping more of a leisure pursuit. This paper deals with the questions: what is leisure shopping, who are leisure shoppers, what is leisure retailing, and how are shopping centres providing for them?
Design/methodology/approach
Brief reviews of key research domains establish various meanings for leisure shopping and give some indications of who leisure shoppers are. Recent developments in shopping centres are considered. The last section discusses conceptual models, building on earlier empirical work on the functioning of shopping centres which incorporate leisure activities.
Findings
Leisure shopping is not best conceptualized as part of a continuum from purposive to leisure oriented. Rather, it may exist in a variety of circumstances, dependent on individual characteristics, trip motivations, the social setting of the trip and the nature of the destination. Leisure centres are not a separate category of centre, but the classification of shopping centres should be modified to incorporate consideration of leisure. Catering may be the most important provision.
Research limitations/implications
Shopping centre managers and owners should note the complexity of leisure shopping. The best unit of analysis may be the trip, rather than other forms of customer segmentation. Synergistic benefits for retailers from some forms of adjoining leisure activity may be small.
Originality/value
The paper provides two models which may be used to analyse both shopping activity and shopping centres from the leisure point of view.
The present study investigates changes in the shopping behavior of today’s mall patrons as opposed to those in the early 1990s. Data collected in the sample surveys included respondents’ demographic attributes, shopping motivations, situational factors, and purchase behaviors. Although no differences were found between the demographics of the respondents in the earlier and later periods, we discovered significant differences in shopping patterns and purchase behaviors. Compared with the shoppers in the early 1990s, today’s mall patrons tend to be more leisure driven, they have a greater concern for merchandise selection, and they visit the mall less often but make more purchases per visit. The findings also reveal that situational variables are more likely to have an impact on shoppers’ purchase decisions today than they did before. Based on the study’s findings, we suggest a number of pragmatic strategies to aid store and mall managers in their marketing efforts with regard to consumers today.
The concept of recreational shopper identity, a dimension of the consumer—s self-concept, is contrasted with simple shopping
enjoyment, which has characterized most past research on recreational shopping. Two survey studies investigate recreational
shopper identity in a clothing shopping context. In Study 1, the Recreational Shopper Identity (RSI) Scale is validated with
a sample of 561 adult consumers, demonstrating that recreational shopping is experienced as a true leisure activity. In Study
2, involving 354 adult consumers, the RSI Scale is used to identify three groups of shoppers who differ in the degree to which
they incorporate recreational shopping into their self-concepts. Recreational shopping enthusiasts are found to engage more
extensively in a range of retail shopping behaviors, to spend more money shopping (i.e., they are not just browsers), and
are more “multi-channel” than other shoppers, reporting higher levels of Internet, catalog, and TV home shopping as well as
traditional “brick-and-mortar” shopping.
The success of a retail image is dependent upon the retailer's ability to appropriately match store attributes and benefits
with target market characteristics. This study indicates that many consumers (recreational shoppers) shop for other than purely
economic considerations. The results provide new evidence pertaining to the appropriate retail strategy for attracting such
shoppers.
Given the increasing importance of entertainment as a retailing strategy, this study identifies a comprehensive inventory of consumers’ hedonic shopping motivations. Based on exploratory qualitative and quantitative studies, a six-factor scale is developed that consists of adventure, gratification, role, value, social, and idea shopping motivations. Using the six-factor hedonic shopping motivation profiles, a cluster analysis of adult consumers reveals five shopper segments, called here the Minimalists, the Gatherers, the Providers, the Enthusiasts, and the Traditionalists. The utility of the proposed scale is discussed both for future research and retail strategy.
Experiential retailing is an interdisciplinary and innovative concept that crosses the fields of merchandising and hospitality management. Merchandising and hospitality industries, two of the largest industries worldwide, are merging as a single-source business offering total consumption experiences, as illustrated by many restaurants and soft-goods retailers who capitalize on each other for incremental profit. Experiential retailing is viewed from five key concepts: experiential consumption, symbolic consumption, entertainment retailing, themed retailing, and cross-shopping. Implications are suggested to retailers for successful domestic and international businesses and to academic professionals for nontraditional curriculum development.
This paper argues for the recognition of important experiential aspects of consumption. Specifically, a general framework is constructed to represent typical consumer behavior variables. Based on this paradigm, the prevailing information processing model is contrasted with an experiential view that focuses on the symbolic, hedonic, and esthetic nature of consumption. This view regards the consumption experience as a phenomenon directed toward the pursuit of fantasies, feelings, and fun.
This paper empirically examines the effects of discriminatory fees on ATM investment and welfare, and considers the role of coordination in ATM investment between banks. Our main findings are that foreign fees tend to reduce ATM availability and (consumer) welfare, whereas surcharges positively affect ATM availability and the different welfare components when the consumers’ price elasticity is not too large. Second, an organization of the ATM market that contains some degree of coordination between the banks may be desirable from a welfare perspective. Finally, ATM availability is always higher when a social planner decides on discriminatory fees and ATM investment to maximize total welfare. This implies that there is underinvestment in ATMs, even in the presence of discriminatory fees.
Consumer researchers' growing interest in consumer experiences has revealed that many consumption activities produce both hedonic and utilitarian outcomes. Thus, there is an increasing need for scales to assess consumer perceptions of both hedonic and utilitarian values. This article describes the development of a scale measuring both values obtained from the pervasive consumption experience of shopping. The authors develop and validate the scale using a multistep process. The results demonstrate that distinct hedonic and utilitarian shopping value dimensions exist and are related to a number of important consumption variables. Implications for further applications of the scale are discussed. Copyright 1994 by the University of Chicago.
The ethnographic case study presented in this article illustrates the institutional complexity and sociocultural significance of a midwestern American flea market. A conception of market place structure and function that incorporates informal and festive dimensions of consumer behavior is advanced. The article explores the relationship of primary and secondary economic activity. Buyer and seller behavior, marketplace ambience, the social embeddedness of consumption, and experiential aspects of consumption are considered at length. Copyright 1990 by the University of Chicago.
Despite a growing array of nonstore shopping alternatives, consumers still do the vast majority of their shopping by visiting brick-and-mortar stores. This study takes a fresh look at the pleasures of store shopping, employing data from a study of over 1300 shoppers. The results indicate that, contrary to the speculation of some writers, relatively few consumers shop in order to mingle with other shoppers. Instead, consumers tend to be drawn to shopping's more private pleasures, particularly the enjoyment of bargain hunting. The findings suggest that bargain hunting, rather than being antithetical to shopping enjoyment, may be one of its most common sources. In addition, the data suggest that the sources of shopping enjoyment vary markedly among different demographic groups. The paper closes by discussing implications of the study's findings and potential directions for future research.