No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
The Pure Theory of Government Finance: A Suggested Approach
... Após obter seu título de Ph.D., Buchanan inicia sua carreira como um economista de finanças públicas na University of Tennessee, onde mesmo que ele a considere como um ambiente pouco propício ao desenvolvimento de novas ideias (Buchanan 2007, 196), publica um texto significativo para a divulgação da teoria das trocas voluntárias no mundo de língua inglesa: "A Pure Theory of Government Finance: A Suggested Approach (Buchanan [1949). Nesse artigo, Buchanan ( [1949) coloca que há duas perspectivas distintas na análise das finanças governamentais. ...
... Após obter seu título de Ph.D., Buchanan inicia sua carreira como um economista de finanças públicas na University of Tennessee, onde mesmo que ele a considere como um ambiente pouco propício ao desenvolvimento de novas ideias (Buchanan 2007, 196), publica um texto significativo para a divulgação da teoria das trocas voluntárias no mundo de língua inglesa: "A Pure Theory of Government Finance: A Suggested Approach (Buchanan [1949). Nesse artigo, Buchanan ( [1949) coloca que há duas perspectivas distintas na análise das finanças governamentais. Uma está fundada sobre a ideia de um estado organicista e a outra sobre uma perspectiva individualista. ...
... Considerando as duas perspectivas apresentadas por Buchanan ( [1949), Wagner (2017, 45) aponta que nesse trabalho ele enfatiza o mesmo ponto colocado por Knut Wicksell (1958Wicksell ( [1896), de modo que a abordagem organicista seria melhor aplicável aos regimes despóticos, enquanto a abordagem individualista era mais adequada à democracia. Esse texto de Wicksell, lido originalmente em alemão por Buchanan, e posteriormente traduzido por ele próprio para o inglês, é considerado por Buchanan (1999Buchanan ( [1986) uma de suas principais referências. ...
Resumo O objetivo do presente artigo é contribuir com o estudo a respeito da trajetória intelectual de James M. Buchanan. O artigo argumenta que a tradição italiana de finanças públicas foi um importante canal de transmissão das ideias da economia política clássica e da filosofia do contrato social para Buchanan, temas que ele considera essenciais para a formação da economia constitucional. Isso é relevante para a melhor compreensão da trajetória de Buchanan na medida em que a importância da tradição italiana para a formação da economia constitucional é frequentemente subestimada pela literatura.
... Realism theory advanced by Morgenthau (1948) holds that states are the solo actors in the international arena and are driven by pursuit of national interests and power politics to ensure their survival (Tilly, 1985). The state is considered as acting for the whole society as a unitary decision-making organ (Buchanan, 1949). From when World War II ended to the time when Cold War ended, the realist school of thought has contributed greatly to security studies (Hama, 2017). ...
Purpose: The objective of this study was to find out the relationship between public expenditure and find out whether the relationship between public expenditure and economic security is moderated by trade openness. Methodology: The study used positivism research philosophy and adopted the descriptive and exploratory study designs in analyzing the longitudinal and cross-sectional panel data to describe and evaluate the relationship between public expenditure and economic security and examine whether trade openness had moderating influence on the relationship between public expenditure and economic security among the five selected EAC member countries that were Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and Rwanda. The study used secondary panel data, from year 2008 to 2022, that was sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators, for five selected countries of the East African Community. The study adopted the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno Autoregressive Moving Average Generalized Least Squares regression model to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The study found that public expenditure had statistically significant effect on economic security. The study further found that trade openness had positive statistically insignificant moderating influence on the relationship between public expenditure and economic security with strengthening trade openness reducing the adverse effect that public expenditure has on economic security. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study findings have contributed to new knowledge on the connection between public expenditure and economic security where public spending was shown to have a significant adverse effect on economic security. The study findings also contributed to the growing knowledge on construction and composition of economic security indices, which factors various parameters. The study findings can guide policy makers to develop trade policies that would balance between economic nationalism and trade openness in a manner to harness the favorable effect that trade openness has in weakening the adverse influence of public expenditure on economic security.
... A Teoria da Escolha Pública (TEP) (Public Choice), proposta por James Buchanan (1949), analisa o comportamento individual nas decisões políticas, sugerindo que tanto interesses públicos quanto pessoais influenciam essas escolhas. Na administração de receitas públicas e transferências governamentais, a TEP revela que agentes podem alocar recursos de acordo com as preferências eleitorais, impactando a eficiência dos gastos públicos, como no uso do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM). ...
Este estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar as consequências da renúncia fiscal na formação do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM) e seus reflexos nos investimentos públicos realizados pelos municípios baianos. A pesquisa destaca a relevância do tema, uma vez que há escassez de estudos abrangentes nessa perspectiva. Ao abordar a contabilidade aplicada ao setor público, com foco em orçamento público, receitas públicas, arrecadação e distribuição, o estudo oferece insights valiosos para profissionais contábeis, proporcionando uma compreensão aprimorada dos fatores que influenciam as receitas e despesas municipais. Os resultados revelaram um efeito negativo da variável FPM, indicando a tendência dos municípios em reduzir investimentos ao receberem uma maior parcela do FPM. Em contrapartida, a variável Renúncia Fiscal demonstrou impacto positivo e relevante nas despesas municipais, associando a renúncia fiscal a um aumento nos investimentos municipais. A variável Pandemia, inicialmente associada a um efeito positivo, transformou-se em um efeito negativo, após um e dois anos, indicando uma influência desfavorável no período subsequente. Em geral, os resultados apontam para uma relação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre a renúncia fiscal, FPM e os investimentos municipais, contradizendo estudos anteriores. Recomenda-se para futuras pesquisas a consideração de amostras diferentes ou mais amplas, abrangendo outros estados.
... This study aims to make three contributions to research on subnational governance by focusing on intergovernmental relations. First, previous studies of intergovernmental relations have mainly focused on frameworks that highlight politicians' motivations (Alesina et al., 1992;Rogoff & Sibert, 1988), ideological inclinations (Buchanan & Wagner, 1977;Hibbs Jr, 1977), parties' bargaining power (Roubini & Sachs, 1989a, b) and/or intergovernmental transfers (Buchanan 1950, Oates 1972, Musgrave and Musgrave 1984, Bahl 2012. While these explanations focus on politicians' and parties' motives, less attention has been given to how central government regulations affect subnational governments' abilities to secure international aid. ...
With the goal of improving effectiveness and efficiency, worldwide cross-sector collaboration has become a central governance arrangement. Given this trend, research has focused on illustrating examples of collaborations over time and/or identifying collaboration’s drivers and effects. Yet, as cross-sector collaborations are more prevalent, governments have changed the rules for civil society organizations to become part of cross-sector collaboration across policy domains. While some regulations can be seen as a precondition to start a collaboration, over-regulated contexts can become a burden for participating organizations, thus hindering collaboration sustainability. However, little knowledge exists as to how regulatory changes influence performance effects of cross-sector collaboration. To fill this gap, this research focuses on all the 2007-2018 Ecuadorian subnational partnerships that manage international cooperation to test whether adoption of further regulations or regulatory burden targeting civil society organizations compromises the amount of international aid subnational governments secure. We also expect that the economic diversity in a jurisdiction amplifies the performance effects of regulatory burden. Findings suggest that regulatory burden negatively influenced governance capacity to obtain international aid, particularly in jurisdictions with high economic diversity.
... (Buchanan 1949;Coyne und Coyne 2022). Der Tausch findet zumeist auf Märkten statt. ...
Zusammenfassung
In den vergangenen Jahren ist in den Sozialwissenschaften ein verstärktes Interesse am Kompromiss als Konfliktregelungstechnik zu beobachten. Dies manifestiert sich u. a. in neueren Büchern zum Thema und der Gründung von Forschungseinrichtungen, die sich mit Konflikten und Kompromissen beschäftigen. Vor diesem Hintergrund gibt der vorliegende Beitrag einen Überblick über den Stand der ökonomischen Forschung zum Kompromiss. Es zeigt sich, dass der Kompromiss in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften keine zentrale analytische Kategorie darstellt und es bislang keine ausgearbeitete ökonomische Theorie des Kompromisses gibt. Gleichwohl sind aber in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fachliteratur Studien zu finden, die sich mehr oder weniger ausführlich und tiefgehend mit dem Kompromiss als Technik zur Regulierung bzw. Befriedung von Konflikten zwischen Individuen, gesellschaftlichen Interessengruppen und Staaten auseinandersetzen. Neben einer Bestandsaufnahme macht der Beitrag zudem auf Desiderata für künftige Forschungen in Richtung Kompromissökonomik aufmerksam.
... The benefit principle requires that the (net) local burdens of RES deployment borne by a spatial entity be proportional to the benefits it receives from RES deployment. The benefit principle (or more generally, the quid-pro-quo principle) is also well known from the theory of taxation [108,131,132]. Similar to the merit principle, it requires the equivalence of local benefits and burdens. ...
Infrastructures for using renewable energy sources (RES) produce local benefits and burdens for communities in their vicinity. The spatial distribution of these local benefits and burdens is typically heterogeneous, which frequently raises concerns of spatial distributive justice. In this paper, we first develop an analytical framework to synthesize the literature in this field. Our framework highlights that approaches to spatial distributive justice have to answer three fundamental questions: Who are the recipients of spatial distributive justice? Which local benefits and burdens are to be distributed in space? Which principle of spatial distributive justice is applied? We observe that existing studies use very different specifications of spatial distributive justice, and usually only one specification at a time. We complement our analysis by an exemplary numerical illustration using data for current RES deployment in Germany. Varying our specifications regarding recipients (states vs. counties vs. individuals), RES infrastructure (onshore wind power vs. utility-scale solar photovoltaics) and the principle of distributive justice (equality principle vs. ability principle vs. benefit principle) leads to a relatively wide range of Gini coefficients (an established measure of spatial disparity) from 0.37 to 0.84. This illustrates that different specifications of spatial distributive justice may lead to deviating, even contradictory, assessments of the existing spatial distribution of RES infrastructures. Our analysis suggests that assessments should apply a transparent and comprehensive approach to spatial distributive justice, including all relevant RES infrastructures, the full set of local benefits and burdens, and variations in the assumed recipients and principles of spatial distributive justice.
... Mann (1984) similarly references the Red Queen in his dichotomy of state power, however, rather than using the Red Queen as a stalemate position, Mann (1984, p. 189) uses the reference as the epitome of despotic power. 8 Buchanan (1949) offers a distinction between the individualistic and the organismic view of the state in public finance. Under the organismic view, the state is treated as a single entity focused on maximizing social welfare. ...
The state capacity-civil society tradeoff model tends to treat the “state” and “civil society” as separate entities who move to constrain one another. However, this modeling technique leaves out the nuances of individual action within a collective setting by treating each as a relative black box. This article explores this balance in the context of the surveillance state that has arisen in the 20th and 21st century. As state capacity in surveillance increases it better allows the state to respond to threats to citizens from citizens. However, the increased capacity also lessens the ability of societal pressure to check authoritarian advances even in a nation with a thriving civil society presence.
... Rather than thinking of "the state" as a unitary entity, it is worth analyzing the incentives facing individuals interacting within a political process (Buchanan, 1949;Coyne, 2015). This approach empowers us to analyze the incentives facing voters, politicians, and bureaucrats and how those incentives lead individuals to act in a manner that alters the formal and informal rules that structure governmental activity. ...
The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of border policies and the increased militarization of border control practices on the expansion of police powers, the erosion of constitutional constraints and on other institutional spillovers. In recent decades, the Border Patrol has been integrated with the broader national security state as part of the war on drugs and the war on terror. This has entailed the acquisition of military hardware, the incorporation of organizational structures and training originally developed in the military, and increased interaction with the military, intelligence agencies, and defense contractors. The Border Patrol has frequently lent their equipment, personnel, and powers to domestic policing that has only a tangential relationship with border security. Border militarization therefore contributes to expansions in the scope of police powers and the erosion of constitutional constraints. This process undermines functional polycentricity, and thereby alters the incentives and knowledge of political decision-makers.
... This paper offers an alternative framing of surveillancedescribes attempts at mass manipulation and data collection based on comparative institutional analysis. Following Buchanan (1949Buchanan ( , 1954, and others in the tradition of Virginia political economy, we focus on the epistemic and incentive properties of different institutional settings. This approach assumes that people are goal-oriented, irrespective of whether they act in private or government settings. ...
What is the connection between mass surveillance and institutions of individual agency, freedom, and self-governance? Recent literature on “surveillance capitalism” argues that, over the past two decades, the capitalist Big Tech companies have commodified personal data for profit. This commodification goes beyond gathering information to improve the products provided by the collecting organization directly and entails using data to predict what people will do, the sale of that data, and its use to modify the behaviors of unknowing consumers. According to critics, this erodes individual dignity and freedom while also threatening democracy. This paper offers an alternative framing of surveillance and data collection based on comparative institutional analysis. While data collection and attempts at persuasion are present in private and government settings, the welfare effects vary due to institutional differences. We leverage the comparative institutional framework to analyze the differences between private data collection (“surveillance capitalism”) and government data collection (the “surveillance state”). Our analysis sheds light on how data collection in the private, for-profit sector has different welfare consequences from those in the surveillance state.
... Ahora bien, los incentivos operarían en política en distintos niveles. En este sentido, no se trata solo de autoridades y tomadores de decisiones que buscan maximizar votos y obtener escaños (Buchanan, 1949;Downs, 1957), sino también de otros actores, incluyendo a aquellos ciudadanos que se ven movilizados -o nofrente a los eventuales beneficios o perjuicios que pueden obtener, ya sea en términos de transferencias, alivios tributarios, privilegios u otros (Dixit & Londregan, 1996). ...
Este trabajo analiza el Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Regional (FNDR), principal instrumento de la política de desarrollo y compensación territorial en Chile. Se identifican tres problemas de diseño que dificultan el cumplimiento de su propósito. Primero, los criterios de distribución centralizan la inversión en regiones con mayor concentración demográfica. Segundo, el FNDR promueve la fragmentación regional, en cuanto aumenta el porcentaje relativo en la asignación del territorio original posterior a la división de los territorios. Y tercero, la discrecionalidad en la asignación de fondos a nivel intrarregional genera incentivos adicionales a la fragmentación, en cuanto privilegia la distribución en las comunas más grandes de cada territorio. Este trabajo ofrece orientaciones de mejoras en el diseño del instrumento que apuntan a una mayor consistencia y a enfrentar los incentivos a la fragmentación territorial.
... However, political considerations often supersede the objective of welfare maximization. Politicians are primarily driven by the aim of retaining or acquiring office, an ambition that may not align with the generation of welfare (Buchanan 1949;Downs 1957). Consequently, the allocation of public resources, typically perceived as distributive politics, is significantly influenced by political and electoral factors. ...
This study introduces an innovative approach for conceptualising and measuring frustration and resentment in political contexts. Utilising the classic Gamson’s Hypothesis, frustration is defined as the gap between internal and external political eZicacy, measured through structural equation modelling. By distinguishing between flow and stock variables, individual-level frustration is quantified, and then it is grouped and aggregated over time to characterise resentment. A pseudo-panel design is employed to examine the temporal dynamics of these political attitudes. Applying this methodology to the political climate in Chile from 2017 to 2022, a timeframe marked by significant political crisis and social upheaval, the findings indicate a notable prevalence of resentment, especially among younger individuals with higher socioeconomic status. This challenges the notion that political resentment is predominantly associated with material deprivation. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a significant correlation between political interest, ideology, and these emotional states.
... Riker (1962) showed, through extensive use of game theory, how political coalitions are rationally built to win elections. Buchanan andTullock (1999 [1962]) provided the foundations for constitutional political economy. And Olson (1965) provided a theoretical treatment of political groups and issues of tragedy of commons. ...
The relationship between economics and State has been intimate ever since classical political economy. However, perceptions about the role and size of the State have changed according to the epoch. In other words, economic theory assigned a bigger or a smaller role to the State depending on the political situation. This article analyses the change in economists and economic theory’s perception of the role of the State in the economy, from favoring an interventionist approach from the 1930s to the 1960s, and a liberal approach from 1970s, in order to understand the factors behind this change.
... Por outro lado, a segunda via relaciona o aumento das despesas públicas com o papel da burocracia que tende a aumentar o seu poder e prestígio, através da maximização do orçamento dos seus serviços. Ora, esta explicação é desenvolvida no âmbito da teoria da escolha pública (Downs, 1967;Buchanan, 1949;Tullock, 1965& Niskanen, 1971. (Appleby, 1949& Waldo, 1948. ...
Pode considerar-se a gestão pública como um dos mais complexos desafios no que à administração diz respeito. Este artigo, através do estudo de alguns dos mais conceituados modelos de gestão pública, tenta melhor entender o complexo motor que é a Administração Pública. Os dados obtidos baseiam-se na análise dos diversos modelos que surgiram ao longo da evolução da administração. Com este artigo poderá melhor entender-se como os diversos modelos influenciam o presente da gestão pública, bem como melhor entender toda a evolução resultante dos modelos estudados. Conclui-se que a Administração Pública que hoje se conhece é resultado de um conjunto de alterações que se verificam ao longo dos tempos, seja através de novos mecanismos de coordenação, mas também da recuperação de aspetos positivos da burocracia.
... Preconizada por James Buchanan, a TEP visava a adoção e perspectiva econômica de paradigma liberal na análise de fenômenos políticos (Dias, 2009). Segundo Buchanan (1949), há uma distinção entre economia e política: ...
De acordo com o Tribunal de Contas de União, existem três mecanismos básicos que são comuns a qualquer organização para que esta detenha uma boa governança pública, quais sejam: liderança, estratégia e controle. O mecanismo da liderança se refere às práticas de natureza humana e comportamental que visam assegurar a existência das condições mínimas para o exercício da boa governança. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar um levantamento comparativo entre o mecanismo liderança da governança pública e o apoio da liderança organizacional à unidade de Auditoria Interna. Foi realizada investigação qualitativa de propósito exploratório. No levantamento dos dados, foi utilizado questionário eletrônico estruturado da plataforma Google Forms e o método estatístico empregado foi a análise descritiva e de participações relativas. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que há indícios de correlação moderada positiva entre o mecanismo liderança da governança pública e o apoio dado à Auditoria Interna nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES). O estudo oferece contribuições aos gestores públicos, com subsídios informacionais acerca dos elementos estruturantes para o desempenho da Auditoria Interna e aos estudiosos dessa área por meio de visão inovadora acerca do tema.
Aktan, C. C., (2025), “Büyük Maliyeci” James M. Buchanan Mali Disiplin, Mali Sürdürülebilirlik, Mali Sorumluluk Ahlakı, Mali Kurallar ve Mali Anayasanın Önemini Bizlere Öğreten Nobilite ve Nobelite, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 17 (3): 94-113.
Bu kısa yazının amacı James M. Buchanan’ın devasa külliyatı içerisinde maliye bilimine yaptığı katkıları ele almak değildir. Bu başlı başına kapsamlı, ağır yükü ve sorumluluğu olan bir projedir. Bu makalenin ana amacı Buchanan’ın akademik kimlik inşasındaki temel yapı taşlarını, metodolojisini ve ona “büyük maliyeci” sıfatını yakıştırmamızın gerisinde yatan nedenleri ortaya koymaktan ibarettir.
James M. Buchanan gerçekten büyük bir maliyeci midir? Maliye biliminin öncüleri arasındaki yeri ve konumu nedir? 19. Yüzyılda ve 20. Yüzyıl başlarında maliye konularında muhtelif kitaplar ve makaleler kaleme alan yazarlardan bir farkı var mıdır?
W artykule podjęto próbę analizy przesłanek współdziałania międzygminnego w Polsce, z uwzględnieniem kontekstu zagranicznego. W pierwszej części przedstawiono najważniejsze przesłanki współdziałania międzygminnego: 1) fragmentację terytorialną, 2) powiązania funkcjonalno-przestrzenne i 3) korzyści skali. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono natomiast – przyjmując perspektywę lokalnych liderów politycznych – przesłanki współdziałania w ramach chojnicko-człuchowskiego zespołu miejskiego oraz wyodrębniono podstawowe bariery utrudniające wspólną realizację zadań.
The Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA) is a federal law that gives the president discretionary authority over domestic economic activity in the name of national defense. This article examines the evolution of the DPA through the lens of the ratchet effect, which explains how crises can lead to the growth of government. One prediction of the ratchet effect model is that government responses to past crises will create a precedent that sets the stage for future government growth. We trace the origins of the DPA from World War I to the War Powers Acts of 1941 and 1942 and examine how its use has evolved through time. In doing so, we offer insight into the history of the DPA, provide an illustration of the ratchet effect, and highlight how crises like war can lay the groundwork for future expansions of government in unforeseen ways.
This study aims to investigate the dynamics of Argentina’s public external debt between 2015 and 2023, with a particular focus on the expansion of this variable within the context of a stagnant economy and persistent high inflation. Argentina has often been characterised as a ‘serial defaulter’, and after restructuring its sovereign debt between 2005 and 2010, the country defaulted once again in 2019/20. Consequently, Argentina undertook a new sovereign debt restructuring process, involving both private creditors and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) between 2020 and 2022. The research will adopt a theoretical approach grounded in the political-economy tradition of Latin American thinkers, while also comparing it with alternative frameworks, such as Buchanan’s public choice theory. Dependency theory will be employed to examine diverse perspectives on sovereign debt management and to position the Argentine case within a global context. This study will trace the evolution of Argentina’s external debt, focusing particularly on the period from 2015 to 2023, while also exploring key milestones in the country’s debt history since 1976. The analysis will address the characteristics of debt restructuring, the various alternatives to default and the potential limitations and opportunities for economic development in peripheral countries, particularly in light of the ‘structural power of finance’. Methodologically, the research will conduct a political-economy analysis based on the concept of the regime of accumulation (Boyer), alongside core–periphery theory (Marini and Prebisch). It will also examine the specific dynamics of sovereign debt (Ross) and the ethical dimensions of debt default (Buchanan).
Монографията „Фискална децентрализация и данъчна самостоятелност на общините – възможности за рестарт на процеса в България“ разглежда основни въпроси, свързани с фискалната децентрализация и възможностите за повишаване на данъчната самостоятелност на местните власти. Изследването се фокусира върху анализа на над двадесетгодиш-
ния процес на фискална децентрализация в България.
Монографията е структурирана в увод, три глави и заключение. Първата глава представя теоретичен преглед, обобщава основните възгледи и изследвания на автори, работещи върху въпросите, свързани с фискалната децентрализация и общинските финанси. Втората глава е посветена на
развитието на фискалната децентрализация в България. Анализирани са финансови данни, свързани с динамиката на общинските приходи и разходи, както и с промените в данъчната самостоятелност на българските общини. Третата глава съдържа резултатите от проведено анкетно проучване сред представители на българските общини. Анкетата е проведена два
пъти – преди и след местните избори през 2023 г. Въз основа на резултатите от емпиричния анализ и на база изследвана международна практика, авторът формулира конкретни предложения за повишаване на данъчните приходи на местните власти в България.
This article examines how James Buchanan came to write Public Principles of Public Debt , his first sole-authored book. We explore the evolution of Buchanan’s views on public debt, particularly his rejection of the three central propositions of what he called the “new orthodoxy.” We show how he initially recognized the significance of Ricardian equivalence (the relationship between taxes and loans), later rejected it, and ultimately criticized the analogy between private and public debt. Our analysis draws on a draft paper titled “Taxes versus Loans. Variations on a Ricardian Theme,” tracing Buchanan’s gradual intellectual development and the factors that influenced his theory of public debt. This study not only clarifies Buchanan’s thinking process but also sheds light on the formation of Public Principles of Public Debt , contributing to a better understanding of its economic content.
In the 1950s, Buchanan proposed an approach to public debt rooted in individual calculus that challenged the prevailing Keynesian orthodoxy. In addition to the Italian tradition, Buchanan drew in important ways on the intellectual heritage of Knight, Simons, and Wicksell to advance an alternative narrative of public debt that considered both the decision-making process and the long-run implications of sustained public debt. By orientating his approach in an individualist rather than organic conception of the state, Buchanan not only provided a logical structure by which to evaluate debt decisions but also established an ethical argument against cross-generational debt based on the idea of voluntary consent.
This chapter highlights the challenges and potential negative effects that foreign intervention may hold for classical liberalism and libertarianism. Foreign intervention is the use of the discretionary power of a government in one society to address the perceived problems in foreign societies. The use of government authority to intervene abroad removes autonomy from the intervened-upon society. The increasing militarism and growth of government generally will also become a negative input into liberty domestically.
The chapter highlights the role of institutions, values, power, structure, and contexts in the policy system. The discussion on policy theories underscores how these have shaped the thinking in the policy system. The theories provide useful insights and pointers, which can be utilized for policymaking. It covers field studies to understand the policymaking process and policy implementation. They reveal key concerns like the lack of systemic understanding of the system and problem, the mismatch between micro-level insights and macro-level concerns, the lack of rigor to carry out analyses, and the want for evidence-based decision-making. In addition, the complexity dimension in the social and economic systems is not comprehended. It underlines the deficiencies in the efficacy of the delivery system for implementation. It identifies reasons such as inadequate system capacity, lack of citizen focus, and higher transaction costs and low process efficiency in availing public services. It accentuates why implementation matters, emphasizes the need for a robust delivery mechanism, and recommends critical determinants for success.
Acaba diyorum, oturup Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi’ne (TÜBA)’ya bir dilekçe ile başvursam “beni de üye yapar mısınız?” desem kendimi küçük mü düşürmüş olurum? Ya da alternatif olarak Bilimler Akademisi’nin kapısını çalsam, oradan başlasam daha mı iyi olur? Acaba benim üyelik başvurumu kabul ederler mi? Ya da Bilimler Akademisi’nden tanıdığım bir profesör meslektaşımdan torpil mi istesem? Mesele TÜBA içerisinde bazı isimleri de şahsen tanıyorum, onlardan bana referans olmalarını isteyerek bu onurlu göreve talip olduğumu belirtsem ve ardından özgeçmişimde, CV’mde ve her bir yerde “TÜBA Üyesi” olduğumu büyük bir gururla yazsam mı?
Émile Zola Fransız Bilimler Akademisi’ne 20 küsur kez başvurmasına rağmen Academie Francaise'e üyelik başvurusu her defasında reddedildi, acaba onun gibi benim de başvurum kabul edilmezse küçük düşmez miyim? Rezil olmaz mıyım?
This paper examines the relationship between the work of James Buchanan and Vincent Ostrom. It adds to existing work by providing a comprehensive analysis of Buchanan’s and Ostrom’s changing views about how the ‘logical foundations of constitutional democracy’ should be conceptualised. The paper traces how in the 1960s and 1970s Ostrom took inspiration from the rational choice analysis of constitutional democracy in Buchanan and Tullock’s The Calculus of Consent, explaining how it shaped his reading of key texts in political theory and his analysis of public administration. It then discusses how Buchanan subsequently drew on Ostrom’s notion of artifactual man in developing his understanding of the ‘constitutional attitude’ necessary for individuals to engage in institutional design. It then explores how, from the mid-to-late 1990s, Ostrom became increasingly critical of Buchanan’s reliance on rational choice theory for his analysis of constitutional decision-making, identifying this as a key difference between their views.
The study focuses on the trend and composition of public expenditure in India during a ten-year period, from 2012-13 to 2022-2023. It focuses on the sub-components of public expenditure as well as how the composition of public expenditure has changed over time. It examines the government's approach for managing public expenditure and its sub-components over various time periods in India. The study examined data from the combined budgets of the centre and states to better determine the impact of all public expenditure on the economy as a whole. This has been achieved with an increase in revenue spending, specifically revenue non-development expenditure, and a decrease in capital expenditure, including both development and non-development capital expenditure. However, revenue mobilization assisted the government in meeting its expenditure obligations. During this time, revenue development spending increased moderately. Finally, it reduced the Gross Fiscal Deficit (GFD) and Gross Primary Deficit (GPD) to a historical low of 4% and-0.3%, respectively. The gap between revenue development and non-development expenditures also shrank to its lowest level.
Buchanan believed that individuals are fundamentally willing to cooperate with others. It was at the center of his works in public finance in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and also crucial to his work in public choice in the 1960s. The purpose of this book is to show which forms this belief took over these two decades or so, and to explain the continuity between these forms. We adopt a historical approach that allows us to recount the story of how Buchanan came to develop a theory of collective action, including his conception of cooperation in small groups, to implement a technical condition about the pricing of public goods he defended early in his career. We describe the different steps Buchanan took, the encounters that influenced him, and the events and challenges that led him to revise his views to make room for this fundamental philosophical conviction.
The first chapter outlines the concepts of policy and policymaking, distinguishing them from politics and presenting the evolution of the policy concept in the twentieth century. Various approaches to policymaking are presented, including the positivist approach, according to which public affairs are governed in a rational-comprehensive manner. An alternative is the post-positivist approach, eliminating the illusion of certainty and acknowledging the existence of divergent opinions or viewpoints. Then, the method of analysis based on the policy cycle model is described, with special emphasis on processes such as: (1) agenda setting; (2) policy formulation; (3) decision-making; (4) policy implementation; (5) policy evaluation. Furthermore, attention is drawn to the question of ethical values and group identity, which form the basis for understanding human cognition and conduct. Factors influencing the shift in policymaking approaches, including the argumentative turn, the increasing role of open participation, and the epistemic value of civic deliberation, are discussed. Issues of civic activity and social self-organization are highlighted as crucial, with the premise that active and engaged citizens are the core of effective deliberation. The chapter demonstrates how the shift towards deliberation, dialogue, and civic engagement in public policy has led, in the early 21st century, to the development of various innovative e-participatory mechanisms classified as 'open' policymaking. It concludes that open policymaking necessitates a different analytic approach compared to traditional policymaking, potentially involving the scrutiny of collective intelligence manifestations in online projects.
The chapter deals with the New Chicago School in Chicago, around a group of economists like George Stigler, Milton Friedman, Ronald Coase and Gary Becker, without forgetting the role of Friedrich Hayek in the development of its neoliberalist ideology, and outside Chicago, in the universities of the “Chicago connection”: University of California, Los Angeles, and the Virginia Universities, with many economists, the figure of greater relevance being James Buchanan. Firstly the chapter examines the contributions of the Chicago’s economists: Stigler’s studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation; Friedman’s contributions in macroeconomics that contributed to undermine the postwar Keynesian consensus; Coase’s neo-institutionalist contribution; Becker’s studies which applied the principle of optimizing behavior to areas traditionally not belonging to the domain of economics. Then the chapter analyzes the contributions of economists outside Chicago who extended the Chicago perspective: in particular Buchanan’s Public Choice research program is examined.
In a recent article, William Darity, M’Balou Camara, and Nancy MacLean (2023) argue that economist W.H. Hutt was a white supremacist. In the course of their analysis, Darity et al. refer to a claim Hutt made about “exclusive clubs”, that they link to James Buchanan’s article on clubs (1965). As a result, Hutt appears to have been inspired by Buchanan, and Buchanan’s theory of club seems to be built to justify segregation. This reinforces the claim McLean made about Buchanana in her Democracy in Chains (2017). The purpose of this note is to show that no evidence can be given to defend the idea that Buchanan’s theory of club would have been envisaged as a segregationist tool. Buchanan was trying to deal with a problem of public finance – the pricing of public goods.
Although there seems to be consensus in the current debate of addressing tax challenges arising from economic digitalization that more taxing rights need to be allocated to market jurisdictions, the legal rationale supporting it is far from clear. This article argues that the reallocation of taxing rights itself is the issue at stake manifested by, instead of brought by, economic digitalization, which is why a principle to ensure the fair allocation of taxing rights is in urgent need. Among various candidates, a revised benefit principle is the best to deal with this issue and could provide a potential answer to the legal rationale for the taxing rights of market jurisdictions. Pursuant to the revised benefit principle, market taxation could be justified by deeming users as a conduit through which market jurisdictions provide public goods.
In his recent book Fiscal Policy under Low Interest Rates , Olivier Blanchard argues that when interest rates are low, policymakers can use public debt finance to increase the welfare of a nation. I argue that Blanchard’s model suffers from the “organismic theory of the State” and, as such, reaches dubious conclusions. At its core, an organismic model presumes that politicians can and do make transfers that maximize the welfare of all individuals. While this is, of course, plausible, an individualistic view states that whether government transfers increase welfare for all individuals depends on the political decision-making process of time and place. While some political processes redistribute funds equally, others redistribute unequally—that is, they increase welfare for some but decrease the welfare of others. Blanchard’s organismic model takes this fact for granted. I use the individualistic view to argue that even if interest rates are low, if a political process is one that redistributes unequally, transfers under public debt financing can result in or exacerbate income inequality. To illustrate this point, I show that in the US, increases in public debt financing have increased welfare for some individuals—the low- and upper-income quintiles—but have decreased it for others—the middle-income quintiles.
Yenilenebilir enerji politikalarının; sürdürülebilir kalkınmadan, karbon emisyonlarının azaltılmasına ve bu sayede iklim değişikliğinin önlenmesine, enerji güvenliğinden, enerji sektöründe ortaya çıkan dalgalanmaların önüne geçilmesine kadar pek çok çeşitli alandaki sorunlara çözüm olacağı düşünülmektedir. Anılan nedenlerle dünya genelinde son 20 yılda yenilenebilir enerji konusu yükselen bir eğilim izlemekte hem ülkeler hem uluslararası ve ulusüstü kuruluşlar nezdinde önemli bir kamu politikası gündemini oluşturmaktadır. Birçok ülke, yenilenebilir enerji üretimine yönelmek amacıyla bu alandaki yönetsel kapasitelerine göre az ya da çok miktarda politika üretme çabasına girmiştir. Bu kapsamda karbon emisyonunu azaltmaya yönelik olarak birçok hedef konulmuş ve yeşil enerji ve yeşil dönüşüm teşvik edilmeye başlanmıştır. Tüm bu politika önceliklerine ve yatırımlara rağmen dünyada toplam enerji üretimi içinde yenilenebilir enerji üretiminin payı sınırlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Ülkelerin kurumsal, teknolojik, ekonomik ve coğrafi imkânlarının yanında dünya genelinde ortaya çıkan gelişme ve eğilimler yenilenebilir enerji üretim kapasitesine ve toplam enerji üretimi içinde yenilenebilir enerjinin payına olumlu veya olumsuz etki etmektedir. Bu çalışmada kamu tercihlerinin yenilenebilir enerji politikalarını nasıl etkilediği kamu tercihi teorisindeki aktör davranışları üzerinden açıklanmış ve yenilenebilir enerji üretim düzeyine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; karar alma sürecinde kişisel saikler ile hareket eden aktör davranışları nedeniyle yenilenebilir enerji için öngörülen artış hızına ulaşılamamaktadır.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.