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Nematodes Management In Coffee Production Systems
Abstract
Coffee production in Mexico with particular reference to the diversity of cropping systems and nematode parasites are reviewed.
Different cropping systems, including natural or mountain systems, traditional polyculture, specialized or commercial polyculture
and sunlight systems are described. Nematodes affecting coffee include root-knot and lesion species, and their interactions
with other pathogens, including fungal diseases, are then reviewed. Control strategies and tactics coffee nematodes are revised.
The development of programs in the management of nematodes is then proposed, based on different tactics including prevention
through quarantine, cultural management, development of clean planting systems, solarisation, use of antagonistic plants,
soil amendments, weed host control, inter and intracropping (shade coffee), resistance, applications of chemical nematicides
and organic amendments, biological control or use of natural products.
... In 2020, Mexico was the thirteenth largest producer of coffee worldwide with a production of 953,683 t (SIAP 2021). Nematodes represent one of the main limiting factors of coffee (Marbán-Mendoza 2009). In Mexico, Meloidogyne incognita (Téliz-Ortíz et al. 1993) and M. paranaensis (Lopez-Lima et al. 2015) have been previously reported parasitizing this crop. ...
In August 2018, plants of Coffea arabica cv. Costa Rica exhibiting root galling and stunted growth were observed in a coffee-growing area in Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on morphological characterization (perineal patterns of mature females), molecular analyses of COII/16s of mtDNA and D2-D3 regions of 28S (rDNA), as well as pathogenicity test, the causal agent of the disease was identified as Meloidogyne enterolobii. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. enterolobii parasitizing coffee in Mexico.
This paper analyses the structural changes which have been present since the economic clauses of the International Coffee Agreements have no longer been in effect. It studies the elements that modified the coffee policy over time. It also investigates the main characteristics of the entire coffee sector during and after government control of the sector. Specifically, it considers the prices, government expenditure in the coffee industry, partners’ participation and their organisation, and the performance of the coffee industry. We use data collected from several bureaus, institutions, libraries, and field surveys done with the main parties involved in the Mexican coffee sector. Data coming from the national coffee census updated in 2008 was used to figure out some characteristics of the coffee supply chain. The overall results indicate that the main causes for the structural changes have been the adjustment in the Mexican economic policy and the alignment to international agreements in coffee. We found that the coffee margins were higher during the time of the quota system than in the relatively free coffee market currently in place. © 2015, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. All rights reserved.
The diversity of root knot nematodes parasitizing coffee orchards in Central America was newly assessed through a broad regional survey. Populations of Meloidogyne spp. were identified by their esterase phenotype. Eleven esterase phenotypes were observed and nine species identified. Meloidogyne exigua was the most widely distributed while M. arabicida, M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. izalcoensis and M. paranaensis appeared to be much more localized. Concerning M. paranaensis, only observed in Guatemala, the two-band esterase phenotypes prevailed. About M. arenaria, the one-band esterase phenotype (A1) was observed for the first time on coffee in one population in Guatemala. A three-band esterase phenotype (A3) was observed in two populations in El Salvador and could belong to M. morocciensis. The presence of M. enterolobii on coffee in Central America was confirmed with one population from Guatemala and another one from Costa Rica as a new report. Based on esterase diagnosis identifications of M. incognita were made for the first time on coffee in the region: in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala. Taken together, the results of the survey revealed a high number of root knot nematode species present on coffee throughout Central America.
The coffee corky-root disease associated with root-knot nematode infection is a major concern for coffee production in Mexico, particularly in the Veracruz State where substantial losses from Coffea arabica plantations are reported annually due to this disease. Previous studies based on perineal patterns of Meloidogyne females identified M. incognita as the species responsible for coffee corky root disease in this state. Populations of Meloidogyne were collected from coffee plants with corky root symptoms and from intercropped banana plants, when present, in eight sites distributed through the major coffee growing region of Veracruz State. These populations were characterized by multiplex PCR using sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for the three major coffee Meloidogyne species in Latin America: M. exigua, M. incognita and M. paranaensis. M. paranaensis was the only species present on all eight coffee samples and is reported here for the first time in Mexico. Consequently, the coffee industry in Mexico should focus more attention to this very destructive root-knot nematode, particularly at the prophylactic level to avoid its dissemination via nursery seedlings. Additionally, M. paranaensis was found in the five samples of intercropped Musa AAA and AA plants suggesting that this crop is a good host and a potentially important way of dispersal of this very pathogenic root-knot nematode since banana suckers are frequently used by growers for plantation renovations. Additionally, M. incognita was detected on Musa AAA and AA plants in three of the five studied sites with intercropped banana but never on the coffee plants even those sampled nearby banana plants.
Ante el deterioro de los recursos naturales en zonas tropicales, los sistemas agroforestales han sido identificados como técnicas de manejo de la tierra que permiten una producción más sostenible. Por otra parte, las metodologías de zonificación agroecológica ayudan a ubicar aquellos tipos de uso del suelo que se ajustan mejor a las características físicas de una región. Sin embargo, aún no hay experiencias de zonificación agroecológica en sistemas agroforestales. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta tomando como modelo al sistema café-palma camedor. La propuesta se basa en selección y categorización de variables ambientales, la construcción del modelo cartográfico y la síntesis cartográfica y validación. En el mapa de zonificación agroecológica se ubican los diferentes niveles de aptitud que se presentan en el área de estudio para este sistema, determinándose que 85,5% del área presenta restricciones ambientales. En la validación se utilizaron datos de distribución del sistema agroforestal y mediante la generación de modelos lineales generalizados se estimó el efecto que tienen las variables ambientales en su distribución. De las 11 variables solo la temperatura mínima (palma), la pedregosidad y la fertilidad del suelo no tuvieron significación estadística (P>0,05). Con los modelos lineales se elaboraron mapas de probabilidad de presencia del sistema agroforestal; en el aspecto climático se registró un coeficiente de determinación de 0,70 y en el ámbito edafológico de 0,45. Se realizaron análisis de correlación entre los mapas de aptitud y los mapas de presencia del sistema agroforestal, registrándose solo correspondencia en el aspecto climático (r= -0,88).
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