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Life Status Changes and Changes in Consumer Preferences and Satisfaction
Abstract
A theoretical model linking measures of objectively defined changes in consumer life status to changes in brand preferences and overall satisfaction with product and service purchases is proposed and empirically tested. Bivariate and multiple equation analyses of cross-sectional data in one metropolitan area indicate strong support for the model. The results imply that households undergoing status change are more likely to be (1) undergoing spontaneous changes in brand preferences and (2) open to intervention by change agents in the future.
... Many works have attempted to model refugees' adaptation to stress (see Table 1). Early research has been dominated by Andreasen's (1984) biomedical model of distress, with a particular interest in refugee mental health. This model focuses on the psychological sequelae of stress experienced by refugees and also relates the pathological conditions to the diagnosis and treatment of disorder symptoms among refugees (Kokanovic et al., 2008). ...
... Model/author Orientation Theoretical approach Model description Boehnlein and Kinzie (1995) Biomedical model (Andreasen, 1984) Psychiatry Stress is caused by disease or illness of the brain. ...
... To put it bluntly, consumption-related coping behaviors can be conceptualized as activities that consumers may initiate, intensify, or change in response to stress (Lee et al., 2001). For instance, eating out, purchasing new clothes, and changes in brand preferences can be viewed as coping responses to life status changes viewed as acute stress (Andreasen, 1984). Likewise, an increasing and ongoing consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, antidepressants, tranquilizers, and sleeping pills can be viewed as a strategy of coping with chronic stress (Mathur et al., 2008). ...
This paper aims to provide new insight into refugee consumers' adaptation to stress with a particular emphasis on consumption coping strategies and well‐being. Drawing on the appraisal‐coping theory, this paper proposes a theoretical framework relating stress to coping responses and refugee well‐being. Social support is also introduced in the framework as a moderator. Examining the interplays between these concepts provides a comprehensive view of how changes in consumption patterns occur and how they affect refugee well‐being. Insights from this paper suggest that consumption activities could be viewed as responses of adaptation to chronic and acute stress. To adapt to new circumstances and reduce their stress, refugee consumers could engage in adaptive consumption coping or maladaptive consumption coping (i.e., compulsive and impulsive consumption), which in turn affect their psychological and physical, family, and economic well‐being. The paper contends that service support moderates the relationships between stress, coping responses, and refugee well‐being.
... In normal times, gaining consumers' attention and changing their preferences is a costly endeavor. However, when consumers go through daily life disruptions, they are more likely to change their consumption needs, wants, attitudes, and behavior, which leads them to be more open to new lifestyles and changes in consumption patterns and susceptible to intervention by marketers (Andreasen, 1984;Moschis, 2007). The global COVID-19 pandemic presents a timely opportunity to study consumer changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns, especially in clothing-specific lifestyle and consumptions, which could be utilitarianly and/or experientially oriented. ...
... Extensive research shows that stress is present in unexpected life events and life status changes, which trigger individuals to adjust their usual behavior patterns (Moschis, 2007). Therefore, the current study takes a viewpoint that integrates the perspectives of life status changes (Andreasen, 1984) and stress coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1987) to examine consumers' responses to clothing consumption during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The next section provides a literature review and research questions followed by the methodology. ...
... Theoretical Perspectives Andreasen (1984) first introduced the concepts of consumer inertia and readiness-to-change to the field of consumer behavior and marketing. He posited a working hypothesis, probability that a given consuming unit will change its attitudes, perceptions, and/or behavior with or without the intervention of a change agent (such as a marketer) is directly proportional to the amount and type of status change the unit has recently undergone (or is currently undergoing). ...
Understanding how consumers have shifted in clothing consumption in the midst of the global COVID-19 pandemic is critical for fashion clothing brands and businesses to identify what value means to consumers to locate growth opportunities. This exploratory study intends to provide a picture of consumers’ clothing consumption evolution while going through the pandemic crisis. We take a viewpoint that integrates the perspectives of life status changes and stress coping to examine consumers’ responses to clothing consumption during the COVID-19 global pandemic. A total of 68,511 relevant tweets were collected from January 1, 2020, through September 31, 2020. Sentiment and content analysis identified five themes which are revealed by 16 topics associated with clothing consumption over the phases of pre-lockdown, lockdown, and reopening. Pent-up demand for clothing products and changed clothing consumption habits were identified. Our findings provide evidence that consumption change is the fundamental mechanism of stress coping.
... In normal times, gaining consumers' attention and changing their preferences is a costly endeavor. However, when consumers go through daily life disruptions, they are more likely to change their consumption needs, wants, attitudes, and behavior, which leads them to be more open to new lifestyles and changes in consumption patterns and susceptible to intervention by marketers (Andreasen, 1984;Moschis, 2007). The global COVID-19 pandemic presents a timely opportunity to study consumer changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns, especially in clothing-specific lifestyle and consumptions, which could be utilitarianly and/or experientially oriented. ...
... Extensive research shows that stress is present in unexpected life events and life status changes, which trigger individuals to adjust their usual behavior patterns (Moschis, 2007). Therefore, the current study takes a viewpoint that integrates the perspectives of life status changes (Andreasen, 1984) and stress coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1987) to examine consumers' responses to clothing consumption during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The next section provides a literature review and research questions followed by the methodology. ...
... Theoretical Perspectives Andreasen (1984) first introduced the concepts of consumer inertia and readiness-to-change to the field of consumer behavior and marketing. He posited a working hypothesis, probability that a given consuming unit will change its attitudes, perceptions, and/or behavior with or without the intervention of a change agent (such as a marketer) is directly proportional to the amount and type of status change the unit has recently undergone (or is currently undergoing). ...
Understanding how consumers have shifted in clothing consumption in the midst of the global COVID-19 pandemic is critical for fashion clothing brands and businesses to identify what value means to consumers to locate growth opportunities. This exploratory study intends to provide a picture of consumers' clothing consumption evolution while going through the pandemic crisis. We take a viewpoint that integrates the perspectives of life status changes and stress coping to examine consumers' responses to clothing consumption during the COVID-19 global pandemic. A total of 68,511relevant tweets were collected from January 1, 2020 through September 31, 2020. Sentiment and content analysis identified 5 themes which are revealed by 16 topics associated with clothing consumption over the phases of pre-lockdown, lockdown, and reopening. Pent-up demand for clothing products and changed clothing consumption habits were identified. Our findings provide evidence that consumption change is the fundamental mechanism of stress coping.
... Firstly, most prior HLC and life events studies are limited in their scope to one or few stages/life events, which doesn't allow comparison of the differential effects of various transitions (Moore et al., 2016). Second, previous HLC studies are predominantly crosssectional in nature and focus mostly on changes in consumers' retrospective stated preferences (Andreasen, 1984;Lee et al., 2001;Mathur et al., 2008). To date, only the study by Koschate-Fischer et al. (2017) uses observed purchase data, although their focus is on life events and shopping behaviors (share of wallet and price sensitivity). ...
... p-value <.01 vs. T2: β = -.721; p-value <.01), consistent with previous research that divorced people tend to engage in healthier behaviors over time (Andreasen, 1984). On the other hand, food basket healthiness doesn't change significantly after divorce when children are present. ...
... One of them is the brand switching. Consumer behavior studies show that consumers' turning points in life affect brand switching (Andreasen, 1984;Hopkins, Roster, & Wood, 2006;Lee, Moschis, & Mathur, 2001;Mathur, Moschis, & Lee, 2008). One of the turning points are changes in life status, such as marriage and having children (Wikes, 1995), retirement (Hopkins et al., 2006), graduation and employment (Andreasen, 1984), all of which are triggers. ...
... Consumer behavior studies show that consumers' turning points in life affect brand switching (Andreasen, 1984;Hopkins, Roster, & Wood, 2006;Lee, Moschis, & Mathur, 2001;Mathur, Moschis, & Lee, 2008). One of the turning points are changes in life status, such as marriage and having children (Wikes, 1995), retirement (Hopkins et al., 2006), graduation and employment (Andreasen, 1984), all of which are triggers. Another is the impact of life events. ...
We analyze the smartphone usage behavior of individuals against the background of the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to classify usage behaviors and examine the factors that lead to change. Specifically, we examine the differences in smartphone usage between the first wave and the second wave of the epidemic in Japan. On average, the frequency of use increased, especially during the first wave of the epidemic. Next, we classify the changes in usage behavior and examine the differences between individuals whose smartphone usage time increased and those whose usage time decreased. Our analysis using personal characteristics as explanatory variables suggests that demographic variables may explain behavioral changes. We were able to classify the factors into three categories: positive factors that promote an increase in usage time, negative factors that promote a decrease, and variation factors that promote fluctuations.
... Although these investigations are not labeled as "life course" studies per se, they employ variables and assumptions (although limited) found in the LCP. Life course notions are implicit in Andreasen's (1984) landmark study that links life events in the form of life status changes to changes in consumer preferences via changes in lifestyles; and the consequences of these changes are linked to consumer (dis)satisfaction via chronic stress. Other studies with implicit life course explanations focus on limited theoretical perspectives such as socialization (Moschis et al., 1993), human capital (Cole & Balasubramanian, 1993), and stress (Mathur et al., 1999). ...
... Articles similar to Andreasen's (1984) based on life course assumptions continue to appear in the literature in the first decade of this century, focusing on stress as the main theoretical explanation (Lee et al., 2001(Lee et al., , 2007Mathur et al., 2003Mathur et al., , 2008Ong & Moschis, 2009 ...
Although researchers have been increasingly using life course perspectives for studying various types of consumption-related behaviors, they are yet to fully benefit from a recently developed multidisciplinary research approach, known as “the life course paradigm.” This paradigm is viewed as a theoretical orientation for the study of stability and change in thoughts and actions over time. It is used extensively across disciplines and internationally, but it has received limited attention in the consumer field; and it has the potential of helping researchers improve their efforts to study consumers over time. To help inform the reader about this paradigm and its assumptions, this article first presents a conceptual life course model and demonstrates its application. Next, it briefly discusses studies that have employed life course explanations of a variety of consumption-related activities, and interprets their results within the context of the life course model, identifying gaps and research questions that could be effectively studied using the life course paradigm. Finally, the article presents a research agenda on topics of interest to several groups of researchers, offering novel insights and innovative methods to help them think about how to study various types of consumer behavior over time within the life course conceptual blueprint.
... These aforementioned characteristics (challenges) are not the problem per se, the main problem rests on the volatility and unpredictable nature of the leading cause of these unfavourable market conditions; that is, consumers and their behaviour. Retail consumers are unpredictable despite having a huge influence on retail property markets (Andreasen, 1984;Pickett-Baker and Ozaki, 2008;Hackett and Foxall, 2010). It should be mentioned that changes in consumer shopping behaviours are altering the economic and physical structures of retailing in the UK (Hackett and Foxall, 2010;Greenhalgh, 2020). ...
... Whilst the importance of consumer movement on the success and performance of retail locations is not in doubt, assessment and understanding of consumer spatial behaviour across wide urban retail spaces can be challenging due to retail consumers volatility (Wang et al., 2014;Omar and Goldblatt, 2016). This is because consumer behaviours vary and depend on many inconstant variables, including, consumer income, social class, age range, emotion, taste and style, culture, consumer needs and preferences among others (Andreasen, 1984;Spillier and Lohse, 1997;Wrigley et al., 2002;Sangjae, 2003;Sangjae and Hyunchul, 2010). In other words, the volatility of consumer variables makes it extremely difficult to generalise consumer behaviours to guide decisions of retail property market actors to tackle the current challenges and prepare for the future ones. ...
... These aforementioned characteristics (challenges) are not the problem per se, the main problem rests on the volatility and unpredictable nature of the leading cause of these unfavourable market conditions; that is, consumers and their behaviour. Retail consumers are unpredictable despite having a huge influence on retail property markets (Andreasen, 1984;Pickett-Baker and Ozaki, 2008;Hackett and Foxall, 2010). It should be mentioned that changes in consumer shopping behaviours are altering the economic and physical structures of retailing in the UK (Hackett and Foxall, 2010;Greenhalgh, 2020). ...
... Whilst the importance of consumer movement on the success and performance of retail locations is not in doubt, assessment and understanding of consumer spatial behaviour across wide urban retail spaces can be challenging due to retail consumers volatility (Wang et al., 2014;Omar and Goldblatt, 2016). This is because consumer behaviours vary and depend on many inconstant variables, including, consumer income, social class, age range, emotion, taste and style, culture, consumer needs and preferences among others (Andreasen, 1984;Spillier and Lohse, 1997;Wrigley et al., 2002;Sangjae, 2003;Sangjae and Hyunchul, 2010). In other words, the volatility of consumer variables makes it extremely difficult to generalise consumer behaviours to guide decisions of retail property market actors to tackle the current challenges and prepare for the future ones. ...
Abstract
The influence of consumer activities on the performance of retail locations and retail property market in cities can be critical. This is because where and how retail consumers choose to transact influences the locational performance of retail property markets in cities. This study investigates relationships between consumer movement and the performance of retail property markets (RPM) between 2010 and 2017 in York, Leeds and Newcastle. The study adopts the spatial configuration (street segment) analysis technique to compute consumer movement patterns (CMP) on the sampled cities’ layouts using DepthMapX to obtain the CMP variables; specifically, integration, choice and NACH metrics. The RPM data were sourced from valuation summary lists belonging to the VOA dataset and analysed using MS Access and MS Excel to obtain RPM variables, namely, changes in retail rental value and changes in retail stock across locations. The study investigates the spatial and statistical relationships between the CMP and RPM variables of cities at mesoscales and macroscales using QGIS and SPSS tools, respectively. The spatial investigations visualise locational relationships between changes in RPM variables and the spatial accessibility index of the CMP variables. The statistical analyses adopted Spearman-rho coefficients to investigate the rank correlation between the RPM and CMP variables. Further statistical (multiple regression) analysis were undertaken to estimate the locational performance of the RPM (dependent variable) using the CMP (independent variables) across all the estimable city layouts. Findings show that there are significant relationships between changes in retail rental value and all the CMP variables at York mesoscale, Leeds mesoscale and Newcastle macroscale. The results indicate that the relationship between configured consumer movement and changes in retail rental value are influenced by scale and city characteristics. The research is the first to estimate the location performance of commercial property by way of spatial configuration analysis. The research outputs are useful tools for retail property market actors to make locational decisions on investments, occupation, development and the strategic management of urban retail space. The study recommends further studies on the prospects of spatial configuration analysis and other methods in estimating the future performance of the commercial property market for optimum utilisation and the management of urban resources.
... Bifurcations are unanticipated moments of crisis that often result in "a significant change of direction" (Bidart, 2006, p. 32), such as an accident TA B L E 1 Individual practices that respondents link to their wish to make objects last (Andreasen, 1984). I use the terms "transitions" and "bifurcations" to qualify life events and "turning points" when they coincide with a significant change in the way individuals make their objects last. ...
Social science research suggests that in our current affluent societies, individuals are accustomed to frequently replacing their household goods. However, some still try to keep their objects for a long time. How do they come to be concerned about products’ lifespan? This paper draws on a powerful method already explored in the literature on consumption: the diachronic approach through individual life trajectories. Analyzing interviews conducted with 60 individuals seeking to make their objects last, this biographical approach allows identifying some factors that explain people's propensity to make objects last. This paper shows that the tendency to keep objects for a long time can come from the familial milieu, just as it can happen later, in connection with personal events—advancement in the life cycle, bifurcations in the personal course, or interactions with public discourses and objects’ breakdowns. Finally, it demonstrates that biographical events can also have a one-time influence on products’ careers in the households, without changing the individual's relationship to objects’ lifespan—these can be personal or more historical and exceptional events, such as lockdown during the COVID-19 crisis.
... Combined with global distribution networks, this results in a proliferation of novel products that provide consumers with more choice options than ever before (Mocker & Ross, 2017). From individual consumers' perspective, changes in one's residential, occupational, or marital status require adjustments of consumption and brand preferences, resulting in a greater endorsement of novel options (Andreasen, 1984). Indeed, consumers who experience times of change or upheaval are more likely to choose novel options (Wood, 2010), in stark contrast to their own lay theory, which predicts a higher consumption of the familiar. ...
Novel products present unknown opportunities as well as unknown risks. Past research suggested that lowpsychological control highlights risks and reduces the adoption of novel products. Consistent with a situatedcognition perspective, we show that this depends on the specifics of low control. Across five studies, noveltyseeking was lower after consumers thought about instances of low (vs. high) personal influence, but higher after consumers thought about instances of low (vs. high) predictability of the world. Thinking about a lack of personal influence increased the perceived importance of personal capability and in turn impaired the exploration of novel options, whereas thinking about an unpredictable world increased the perceived importance of preparedness for an unknown future and in turn the exploration of novel options. Throughout, perceiving low personal influence benefited familiar products, whereas seeing the world as unpredictable benefited novel products. This highlights that understanding consumers’ responses to a lack of control requires joint consideration of the specifics of threat and task, consistent with situated cognition principles.
... On the other hand, quote 11 indicates that the brand ceased to continue in the marketplace which is analogous to the physical separation mentioned by Fajer and Schouten (1995). Further, literature also noted that consumerbrand relationships can deteriorate due to brand dyadic stress (Andreasen, 1984;Fournier, 1998). Brand dyadic stress refers to the damage caused by someone breaking the rules of a relationship, a breach of trust or failure to keep a promise and poor performance of brand or inability to strengthen consumer commitment (Hemetsberger et al. 2009). ...
Brand love is a recent consumer construct that examines the passionate and emotional feelings of satisfied consumers. The present study examines the journey that consumers have with their loved brands from the first contact to the present moment through the lens of turning points. Using semi-structured interview and Retrospective Interview Technique (RIT), the present study identifies nine turning points and five different trajectory types. Out of the nine turning points that have been identified, six turning points were found to help the brand love development, and three of the turning points were found to hinder the development of brand love. Further, five patterns of brand love trajectories were inductively categorized, which shows that the formation of brand love does not follow a specific pattern. The trajectories indicate that consumers do not experience love at first sight, thereby suggesting that brand love formation is complex.
... Researchers have explored various liminal life stages such as childbirth, motherhood, divorce, adulthood, family identity, and retirement. Consumer research recognizes that an individual's identity is challenged during transitions (Epp & Price, 2008;Noble & Walker, 1997;Schau et al., 2009;Schouten, 1991aSchouten, , 1991b and that transitions lead to disruptions in consumption (Andreasen, 1984;Fellerman & Debevec, 1993;Shannon et al., 2020). Some of these identity disruptions are invited or anticipated by the consumer, such as marriage (Nguyen & Belk, 2013;Otnes & Pleck, 2003). ...
This interpretive study derives a conceptual framework explaining how Indian women experience a loss of self through the transformational event of marriage. The self-discrepancy of losing one’s self motivates these women to renegotiate their sense of self through consumption. Data were collected through 76 in-depth interviews analyzed by a constant comparative method and grounded theory. Our research question is to what degree and in what ways do women in India experience a loss of self upon marriage and, if they do, through what consumer practices (if any) do they attempt to compensate for this feeling of loss? Analysis revealed three common stages in Indian women’s married life (1) Marriage as a life transitional event inducing liminality (2) Loss of Self: dissonance (3) compensatory consumption as a response to dissonance. Our research contributes to life cycle theory by focusing on liminal transitions. We find that self is a possession that women can lose after marriage in India. Based on these findings we argue that understandings of identity and life cycle must be amended to consider self-discrepancy and coping processes. We develop a model of consumption that results from a perceived loss of self. This is all part of a process of self-identity reconstruction. We also expand psychological ownership theory to include ownership of self.
... Frekans Yaşam tarzı çalışmalarında yaşam tarzı kavramını öncelikli olarak AIO ifadeleri ile açıklayan (Reynolds, Crask ve Wells 1977;Lastovicka, 1982;Oates, Shufeldt ve Vaught, 1996;Leung, 1998;Tam ve Tai, 1998;Küçükemiroğlu, 1999;Kim, Kim ve Kim, 2003;Shufeldt, Oates ve Vaught, 1998;Gonzalez ve Bello, 2002;Lawson ve Todd, 2002;Chan ve Leung, 2005;Allred, Smith ve Swinyard, 2006;Wei, 2006;Hsu ve Chang, 2008;Thomas ve Peters, 2009;Ahmad, Omar ve Ramayah,2010; Barles-Arizon, Fraj-Andrés ve Matute-Vallejo, 2010;Brunner ve Siegrist, 2011;Krishnan, 2011;Goetzke ve Spiller, 2014;Bruwer ve Li, 2017;Yıldırım, 2017;Nair, 2018;Chouk ve Mani, 2019; Kartajaya vd., 2019; Ittaqullah, Madjid ve Suleman 2020; Yabin ve Li, 2020), değerler ile bağdaştıran (Lin, 2002;Fraj ve Martinez, 2006;Erciş, Ünal ve Can, 2007;Geraghty ve Torres, 2009 Savelli, Francioni ve Curina, 2020), tutumlar (Qing, Lobo ve Chongguang, 2012;Choi ve Zhao, 2014;Giles ve Brennan, 2015), serbest zaman faaliyetleri (Andreasen, 1984;Orth, Wolf ve Dodd, 2005;Henry, 2006;Von Normann, 2009;Lucian, 2017;Diaz, Gomez, Molina ve Santos, 2018), kişilik özellikleri (Kang, 2019), değerler ve AIO ifadeleri ile birlikte açıklayan (Holt, 1997;Todd, Lawson ve Faris, 1998;Kwon, Wirtz, Tan ve Kau, 1999;Sung ve Jeon, 2009;He, Zou ve Jin, 2010;Hur, Kim ve Park, 2010;Yu, 2011;Yıldırım ve Çengel, 2013;Dzogbenuku ve Kumi, 2018), tüketim ve AIO ifadeleri ile birlikte tanımlayan (Lifestyle, 1987;Johnson ve Bruwer, 2003;Bruwer, Roediger ve Herbst, 2017;Grenman, Hakala ve Mueller, 2019), değerler ve kişilik özellikleri ile birlikte ifade eden (Divine ve Lepisto, 2005), davranış olarak belirten (Leonard-Barton, 1981;Damijanic, 2019), tutum ve davranış olarak ele alan (Langer, 1984;Sorce, Tyler ve Loomis 1989;Tong, Tong ve Yin, 2012;Nikolic vd., 2014;Vanden Abeele, 2014), tutum ve AIO ifadeleri ile açıklayan (Lastovicka, Murry Jr, Joachimsthaler, Bhalla ve Scheurich, 1987;Sun, Horn ve Merritt, 2004;Chieh-Wen vd., 2008;Özgen ve Yeşiloğlu, 2015), tutum ve tüketim (Shama, 1985;Nijmeijer vd., 2004), değerler ve tutum (Jiuan, Wirtz, Jung ve Keng 2001;Bekin, Carrigan ve Szmigin, 2005;Ni, 2009), günlük yaşam faaliyetleri (Thompson, 1996), AIO ifadeleri ve eğilimler (Kohli, Khandai ve Gulla, 2020) ile nitelendiren çeşitli çalışmalar mevcuttur. Yaşam tarzı kavramını açıklayan bu ifadeler, yaşam tarzı boyutları olarak nitelendirilebilir. ...
Purpose: This paper aims to provide a framework for the content of previously studied lifestyle research in marketing.
Method: The method used in the research is qualitative research. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The population of the study is the academic articles related to lifestyle, which are included in EMERALDinsight, JSTOR, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, SAGEjournal,Wiley, Scopus, TR Directory databases that contain many journals related to social sciences and especially marketing. The purposive sampling method was preferred in this study because of the accessibility to the articles and the time limitation. In this context, a total of 99 academic articles were examined and categories were analyzed. These categories were determined as the type of article about lifestyle research, research method, sampling method, sample size, data collection tool, data analysis techniques, the purpose of applying lifestyle research, lifestyle dimensions, countries where lifestyle researches are conducted.
Findings: In the articles discussed within the scope of this study, it is seen that activities, interests and opinions (AIO expressions) are mostly matched with the concept of lifestyle in lifestyle studies. Then the concept that is matched with the lifestyle is consumption. In some studies, it is seen that AIO expressions together with values or only values are used to measure lifestyle. Research findings are expected to provide detailed information and a framework for lifestyle studies.
Originality: It can be said that this study contributes to the literature in terms of providing an idea about lifestyle researches by showing dimensions related to lifestyle within the scope of the categories examined. In addition, it can be said that no analysis has been made with a content analysis for previous lifestyle researches in the field of marketing, therefore the findings obtained from this study will contribute to the literature.
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışma pazarlama alanında daha önce çalışılmış yaşam tarzı araştırmalarının içeriğine dair bir çerçeve sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Araştırmada kullanılan yöntem kalitatif araştırma olup, veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın anakütlesini sosyal bilimler ve özellikle pazarlama alanına ilişkin birçok dergiyi bünyesinde bulunduran EMERALDinsight, JSTOR, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, SAGEjournal, Wiley, Scopus, TR Dizin veri tabanlarında yer alan, yaşam tarzı ile ilgili akademik makaleler oluşturmaktadır. Makalelere erişebilme ve aynı zamanda zaman kısıtından dolayı bu çalışmada amaçlı örneklem yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda toplam 99 akademik makale incelenmiştir ve kategoriler oluşturularak analiz edilmiştir. Söz konusu kategoriler yaşam tarzı araştırmalarına dair makale türü, araştırma yöntemi, örneklem yöntemi, örneklem büyüklüğü, veri toplama aracı, veri analizi teknikleri, yaşam tarzı araştırmalarının kullanım amacı, yaşam tarzı boyutları, yaşam tarzı araştırmaları yapılan ülkeler olarak belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu çalışma kapsamında ele alınan makalelerde, yaşam tarzı araştırmalarında en fazla faaliyetler, ilgiler ve fikirlerin (AIO) yaşam tarzı kavramı ile eşleştirilip ölçüldüğü görülmektedir. Ardından yaşam tarzı ile eşleştirilen kavram, tüketim olmaktadır. Bazı çalışmalarda değerler ya da değerler ile birlikte AIO ifadelerinin aynı anda yaşam tarzını ölçümlemek için kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Araştırma bulgularının yaşam tarzı çalışmalarına dair detaylı bilgi ve çerçeve sunması beklenmektedir.
Özgünlük: Çalışmanın incelenen kategoriler çerçevesinde yaşam tarzına dair ele alınan boyutları göstererek yaşam tarzı araştırmalarına dair bir fikir sunması; ayrıca pazarlama alanında daha önce yapılan yaşam tarzı araştırmalarına yönelik bir içerik analizi ile çözümleme yapılmamış olması sebebi ile bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların literatüre katkıda bulunacağı söylenebilir.
... The relationship between health insurance and these outcomes is therefore dynamic and assumes a life-cycle nature in that a life-transition event such as retirement is likely to influence health plan choices. Moreover, if selection into insurance itself is related to heterogeneity of individual preferences, and individual preferences and tastes tend to react to changing life circumstances, then such salient events matter for switching behavior over and above plan features (Andreason, 1984;Cutler et al., 2008). ...
We study the effect of retirement on health plan choice based on a natural experiment resulting from the old-age pension eligibility legislation in Switzerland. 96% of individuals close to retirement are enrolled in the plan they chose in the previous year. We find that retirement breaks inertia for some individuals. Retirees switch to cheaper and less generous managed care plans, while leaving their deductibles unchanged. Our analysis, however, shows that switching is exclusively concentrated among low-cost individuals resulting in adverse selection in non-managed care plans. While retirement induces good risks to adapt managed care features, the switch does not translate to lower demand for care or health spending.
... Future studies could go beyond the described processes by exploring other contexts where positive or negative changes in the self may upset the object-person assemblage and necessitate new purchases of visible goods and experiences. For example, positive events such as graduation and promotions may lead to changes in a person's self-concept, which may lead to new purchases (e.g., a more prestigious car to match a new professional role as senior manager; Andreason, 1984;McAlexander & Schouten, 1989). Similarly, negative events such as an accident or disease may alter a person's appearance and related self-conception, serving as a catalyst for new consumption practices. ...
Consumers engage in transformative practices such as cosmetic surgery to shape a new self that satisfies personal and social expectations. Yet, we lack an understanding of how cosmetic surgery and the consequent changes to a consumer's self affect their consumption practices. Building on Diderot unities we explore how cosmetic surgery influenced consumption practices of 10 female consumers postcosmetic surgery. Prior work on Diderot unities suggests that it is a new object inspiring the consumption of additional objects. Extending the notion of Diderot unities, we posit that also a new self brings changes in the constellation of consumption objects. Specifically, cosmetic surgery, the self, and material consumption practices are tied together by an expanded view of Diderot unities as not only involving people and objects, but also adding experiences. A newly surgically enhanced person perceives an imbalance between the assemblage of their self and self‐expressive objects. This imbalance sets off a series of purchases to restore balance by acquiring possessions and experiences that match their new magnificent self. Purchases extend to areas such as fashion objects, grooming objects and experiences, as well as experiences related to personal well‐being, vacation and leisure.
... Frekans Yaşam tarzı çalışmalarında yaşam tarzı kavramını öncelikli olarak AIO ifadeleri ile açıklayan (Reynolds, Crask ve Wells 1977;Lastovicka, 1982;Oates, Shufeldt ve Vaught, 1996;Leung, 1998;Tam ve Tai, 1998;Küçükemiroğlu, 1999;Kim, Kim ve Kim, 2003;Shufeldt, Oates ve Vaught, 1998;Gonzalez ve Bello, 2002;Lawson ve Todd, 2002;Chan ve Leung, 2005;Allred, Smith ve Swinyard, 2006;Wei, 2006;Hsu ve Chang, 2008;Thomas ve Peters, 2009;Ahmad, Omar ve Ramayah,2010; Barles-Arizon, Fraj-Andrés ve Matute-Vallejo, 2010;Brunner ve Siegrist, 2011;Krishnan, 2011;Goetzke ve Spiller, 2014;Bruwer ve Li, 2017;Yıldırım, 2017;Nair, 2018;Chouk ve Mani, 2019; Kartajaya vd., 2019; Ittaqullah, Madjid ve Suleman 2020; Yabin ve Li, 2020), değerler ile bağdaştıran (Lin, 2002;Fraj ve Martinez, 2006;Erciş, Ünal ve Can, 2007;Geraghty ve Torres, 2009 Savelli, Francioni ve Curina, 2020), tutumlar (Qing, Lobo ve Chongguang, 2012;Choi ve Zhao, 2014;Giles ve Brennan, 2015), serbest zaman faaliyetleri (Andreasen, 1984;Orth, Wolf ve Dodd, 2005;Henry, 2006;Von Normann, 2009;Lucian, 2017;Diaz, Gomez, Molina ve Santos, 2018), kişilik özellikleri (Kang, 2019), değerler ve AIO ifadeleri ile birlikte açıklayan (Holt, 1997;Todd, Lawson ve Faris, 1998;Kwon, Wirtz, Tan ve Kau, 1999;Sung ve Jeon, 2009;He, Zou ve Jin, 2010;Hur, Kim ve Park, 2010;Yu, 2011;Yıldırım ve Çengel, 2013;Dzogbenuku ve Kumi, 2018), tüketim ve AIO ifadeleri ile birlikte tanımlayan (Lifestyle, 1987;Johnson ve Bruwer, 2003;Bruwer, Roediger ve Herbst, 2017;Grenman, Hakala ve Mueller, 2019), değerler ve kişilik özellikleri ile birlikte ifade eden (Divine ve Lepisto, 2005), davranış olarak belirten (Leonard-Barton, 1981;Damijanic, 2019), tutum ve davranış olarak ele alan (Langer, 1984;Sorce, Tyler ve Loomis 1989;Tong, Tong ve Yin, 2012;Nikolic vd., 2014;Vanden Abeele, 2014), tutum ve AIO ifadeleri ile açıklayan (Lastovicka, Murry Jr, Joachimsthaler, Bhalla ve Scheurich, 1987;Sun, Horn ve Merritt, 2004;Chieh-Wen vd., 2008;Özgen ve Yeşiloğlu, 2015), tutum ve tüketim (Shama, 1985;Nijmeijer vd., 2004), değerler ve tutum (Jiuan, Wirtz, Jung ve Keng 2001;Bekin, Carrigan ve Szmigin, 2005;Ni, 2009), günlük yaşam faaliyetleri (Thompson, 1996), AIO ifadeleri ve eğilimler (Kohli, Khandai ve Gulla, 2020) ile nitelendiren çeşitli çalışmalar mevcuttur. Yaşam tarzı kavramını açıklayan bu ifadeler, yaşam tarzı boyutları olarak nitelendirilebilir. ...
... Koschate-fischer & Engling (2017); Andreasen (1984). ...
Purpose:
This study aims to address the factors influencing customer loyalty in social commerce (SC) sites from different standpoints with the intention to use the “variety-seeking” perspective and social impact theory as the foundation of the theoretical model. Specifically, it examined the factors capable of diverting user loyalty from using the current platform to other SC sites.
Design/methodology/approach:
The theoretical model developed consists of five factors, including the intention to switch, perceived herd behavior, life events, satiation and hedonic motivation. However, this proposed model was validated by 568 users of SC in Indonesia.
Findings:
The result showed that all direct and indirect predictors of the dependent variable were statistically significant except the direct effect of the perceived herd behavior. Meanwhile, age, income, and experience were found to have a significant moderating effect on the direct influence on the dependent variable.
Originality/value:
This study is different from previous studies in SC, which focused on customer loyalty. It makes an alternative approach by investigating a “negative” factor capable of diverting user attention and commitment with the current SC platform, which leads to switching to another SC.
... Investigaciones previas han relacionado además los estilos de vida con el ciclo de vida familiar (e.g., Thach & Olsen, 2004). Efectivamente, cambios de estado en la vida de los hogares (e.g., debido a tenencia de hijos) influyen en las preferencias de consumo de las familias (e.g., cambios en marcas preferidas) (Andreasen, 1984). Es del interés del mercadeo el entender los cambios de consumo durante la vida de las personas, y, por ende, la importancia del ciclo de vida-concepto multidisciplinario, adoptado de las ciencias sociales y con orígenes en la sociología-radica en su aporte al estudio de las familias y sus individuos (Bauer & Auer-Srnka, 2012). ...
Despite multiple studies related to lifestyles and family life cycle, few academics have concentrated on leisure topics in emerging countries, such as Colombia. This qualitative study was conducted via 16 in-depth interviews and a total of 32 participants to explore lifestyles in terms of leisure among couples by their family life cycle, specifically couples starting a life together (couples without children) and those who are already in the stage of raising young children (full nest). Literature indicates that lifestyles and leisure are directly related to the economic situation; therefore, this study focuses on participants with greater economic income, which is represented by individuals from the upper-middle and upper strata (5 and 6) in the city of Medellín, Colombia (South America). Findings reveal similar lifestyles in terms of leisure in both types of couples. However, the availability of time, frequency, and type of products or services in which these couples invest their time and money present some differences, especially due to children. This study can be useful to marketing managers whose target market is related to homes in family formation.
... Furthermore, the heterogeneity attributable to sub-groups within each generation may also be important to examine (Reisenwitz & Iyer, 2007). It is also important to acknowledge that Gen Y consumers will enter the next life stage which may contribute to changes in their preferences and behaviors (Andreasen, 1984;Mathur, Moschis, & Lee, 2003, 2008 ...
Food waste is a global crisis that paradoxically exists alongside food scarcity. A promising solution to these connected problems of food insecurity and food waste is upcycled foods. Upcycled foods are made from ingredients that are usable but generally discarded. While upcycled foods can help reduce food waste, little is known about the best market strategy for these foods. This research investigates how consumers from different generations perceive upcycled foods. Our findings show that Gen Z, Gen Y, and Baby Boomers have higher intentions to purchase upcycled foods while Gen X shows lower intentions to purchase because of quality concerns. The present research also explores lifestyle patterns of each generation. Based on lifestyle analyses, positioning strategies for upcycled foods are proposed.
... In the traditional model of self-regulation, members of the general public who feel deceived or offended by an advertisement have the power to complain directly to the advertiser, lodge a complaint with the regulatory body, or act individually to ignore the message, boycott the product, or tell others (Volkov et al., 2002;Waller et al., 2013). More commonly, however, the general public takes no action, despite dissatisfaction (Day and Ash, 1979;Richins, 1983;Andreasen, 1984Andreasen, , 1985. Complaints lodged through formal regulatory processes by the general public represent a tiny percentage of the population (Volkov et al., 2002), with most complainants being older, educated, financially secure and with the capacity to take action (see Volkov et al., 2002, for a review). ...
While advertising self‐regulation is generally considered effective in a closed, largely country‐based system, the digital world in which we now live is an open and global system. This raises challenges for consumer protection from national regulators trying to enforce compliance from global media platforms, advertisers and consumers. Applying the Power‐Responsibility Equilibrium, this study explores who has the power and who has the responsibility for advertising self‐regulation in a digital world. In doing so, it takes an ethnographic approach, eliciting insights from 18 key stakeholders in the self‐regulatory process, across the three geographical areas of Europe, US and Asia‐Pacific. The findings highlight the need for more collaboration and alignment of self‐regulatory systems and build a framework for action through embedding responsibility, aligning standards, initiating processes and improving outcomes. Six recommendations are offered to restore the balance of power and responsibility. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... In line with previous research on identity development during transitional phases (e.g. Andreasen, 1984;Belk, 1992;Schouten, 1991), body transitions are deeply embedded in gender performance. Body-related transitional experiences like breastfeeding (Mahon-Daly and Andrews, 2002), gender reassignment surgery (Roen, 2001), hysterectomies (Elson, 2004) and extreme weight fluctuation (Nash, 2012) affect consumers' gender identities and associated symbolic meanings. ...
With the advent of social media, a host of new possibilities for interrogating gender, identity and self-presentation have emerged. The gendered nature of the production and consumption of social media is a growing field of research (Duffy, 2015; Katz and Crocker, 2015; Lupton, 2014) that raises various questions about how identities and bodies are represented and constructed in digital contexts. Today, social media is increasingly supplementing or replacing traditional media in terms of how consumers learn and interact (Hanna, Rohm and Crittenden, 2011). One factor that notably distinguishes digital communication is the prominence of images as opposed to text (Murray, 2015). Of particular significance is the self-portraiture object and practice commonly known as the 'selfie', which signals a politics of self-representation that is simultaneously lauded as an act of freedom and maligned as an act of narcissism (Iqani and Schroeder, 2015). A key consideration in this shifting media landscape is whether self-representations in social media challenge, produce or reproduce dominant representations of gender and gendered power relations. One way of delving into such questions is through considering the practice of hashtagging, which is a common feature across a range of social media, including Tumblr, Twitter and Instagram. Hashtags serve a functional purpose to organize and search for content but more recently have begun to serve as a metacommunicative process in which consumers tag photographs with words and phrases reflective of their own inner thoughts and feelings as a form of identity performance (Daer, Hoffman and Goodman, 2014). Body-related hashtags are important communicators of standards of beauty and body ideals (Marcus, 2016) and thus offer current and detailed insights into the ways in which cultural ideologies of the body are constructed in social media. In this chapter, we aim to explore the varied ways in which hashtagging has been employed by consumers as a digital practice that maps particular understandings of bodies and gender. We begin by providing a theoretical overview of social media as a site of gender performance and how this shapes societal expectations regarding gender. Next, we provide a meta-analysis of extant research studies that have examined practices of hashtagging as related to gender and the body. This uncovers three key themes in the literature, namely that body-related hashtags function as indicators of group identity, reinforcers of desirable body types and initiators of digital protest. These practices may function independently or concurrently. Finally, we provide a roadmap for future directions for scholarship.
... In terms of attitudes, Shiller (1977) found that people dislike inflation because it impairs their buying power; and the usual response is to reduce spending. Andreasen (1984) examined financial coping strategies that families used in response to inflation. The main strategies were to reduce spending on unessential products, to purchase less expensive items, or to purchase less frequently if the items were essential, as well as a reduction in the purchase of personal and miscellaneous items. ...
Abstract
Objectives: This study was designed to assess two dependent measures, i.e., Discontent with Inflation (an economic environmental threat) and Life Satisfaction, in relation to Family Emotional Support, four personality variables (Self-Esteem, Neuroticism, Resilience, Rationality), two values/beliefs (traditional Chinese Values, Belief in Good Luck), and a set of demographic variables.
Method: Data were obtained by questionnaire from a representative random sampling of 181 male and female Chinese adults.
Results: Family Emotional Support had significant positive correlations with both Discontent with Inflation and Life Satisfaction, as well as with Self-Esteem, traditional Chinese Values, and Belief in Good Luck, and a significant negative correlation with Neuroticism. Life Satisfaction also had significant positive correlations with Self-Esteem, traditional Chinese Values, Resilience, Rationality, and Belief in Good Luck, and a significant negative correlation with Neuroticism. Discontent with Inflation also had a significant positive correlation with Rationality. Regression analyses were also run on the dependent measures. For Discontent with Inflation, 15% of the variance was explained (positively) by Family Emotional Support, Age, and Rationality, as well as (negatively) by Marital Status and Resilience. For Life Satisfaction, 20% of the variance was explained (all positively) by Family Emotional Support, Resilience, Marital Status, Belief in Good Luck, and Education.
Conclusions: The overall results suggest that Family Emotional Support plays a major role in helping individuals develop traditional values, and a positive attitude toward the self. Family Emotional Support also appears to be a strong influence in helping one deal with economic vicissitudes, such as inflation, and in achieving overall satisfaction with one’s life.
... Digital infrastructures may facilitate co-creation via platforms and/or participation in events [17]. However, mass customization faces the challenges of overcoming the convenience of massproduced products [18], avoiding consumer confusion and overload from overwhelming choice [19], and individuals not confident about their creative abilities. It may not be a viable business model for all industries [20]. ...
... Past research documents that life transitions trigger changes in lifestyles and consumption patterns [1][2][3]. This is primarily attributed to changes in consumer identity [4,5], changes in household resources [6] and situational challenges, i.e., stress [7]. Notably, a key area of consumption that changes during life transitions is diet composition [6]. ...
In today's postmodernity, the phenomenon of consumption is not only seen as the consumption of objects, but it is also stated that the meanings of the objects owned and the experiences of individuals are embedded in the phenomenon of consumption. Concepts, assumptions and theories have been put forward by different disciplines to explain this situation mentioned in the literature as the symbolic aspect of consumption. Among these concepts and theories, the Extended Self Theory and the Diderot Effect constitute the basic theoretical and conceptual framework of this study. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to integrate this theoretical infrastructure. Therefore, in the first part of the study, the Diderot effect and related concepts are discussed and then the extended self theory is briefly mentioned. In order to develop the object-oriented structure of the Diderot effect into an experiential structure, the relationship between symbolic consumption and the self of the extended self theory was tried to be integrated through a new concept we have introduced. In order to explain this concept, which we refer to as liminal experience, the concepts of self, symbolic consumption, Diderot integrity and liminal transition were discussed. For this purpose, the concept of liminal experience, which is thought to integrate the relationship between theories, was put forward by analyzing the ideas and thoughts put forward by examining the literature. As a result, it is understood that the liminal experiences of consumers function as symbolic and experiential Diderot units that disrupt their Diderot integrity. In other words, it has been observed that liminal experiences lead to the Diderot effect, so that consumers reveal new consumption patterns for new wholes, and in this process, they expand their selves.
Religions have traditionally been used to explain the differences between peoples. However, this chapter aims to use religion, in this case Buddhism, to develop a segmentation scheme for international applications. It is aimed to improve the power of prediction of the segmentation schemes in terms of marketing mix stimuli response. The identification of the Buddhist temperaments would be useful in determining the response patterns observed in individuals. Application of this chapter includes developing segmentation for communications that are enabled by technology to tailor-make offers and messages to individuals depending upon their temperaments. Recommendations for future research includes using big data applications in order to determine individual temperaments as an alternative methodology for analyzing the consumer.
Purpose
Jarring events, be they global crises such as COVID-19 or technological events such as the Cambridge Analytica data incident, have bullwhip effects on billions of people's daily lives. Such “shocks” vary in their characteristics. While some shocks cause, for example, widespread adoption of information systems (IS) as diverse as Netflix and Teams, others lead users to stop using IS, such as Facebook. To offer insights into the multifaceted ways shocks influence user behavior, this study aims to assess the status quo of shock-related literature in the IS discipline and develop a taxonomy that paves the path for future IS research on shocks.
Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted a literature review ( N = 70) to assess the status quo of shock-related research in the IS discipline. Through a qualitative study based on users who experienced shocks ( N = 39), it confirmed the findings of previous literature in an illustrative IS research context. Integrating the findings of the literature review and qualitative study, this study informs a taxonomy of shocks impacting IS use.
Findings
This study identifies different ways that shocks influence user behavior. The taxonomy reveals that IS research could profit from considering environmental, private and work shocks and shedding light on positive shocks. IS research could also benefit from examining the urgency of shocks, as there are indications that this influences how and when individuals react to a specific shock.
Originality/value
Findings complement previous rational explanations for user behavior by showing technology use can be influenced by shocks. This study offers a foundation for forward-looking research that connects jarring events to patterns of technology use.
The Covid-19 pandemic has created an opportunity for Vietnam to digitalize economy faster in many industries, especially banking service. Hence, this research paper aims to discovery the main determinants affecting the digital banking service adoption of Vietnamese people during the Covid-19 time. Conducting an online survey with 513 respondents during the social distancing period owing to the 4th wave of corona virus spreading in Vietnam, the researchers analyze the role of Covid-19 as a reason to create a dilemma situation pushing people to choose digital banking services to keep them be safe in the pandemic. Basing on the theory of consumer behavior models, the study indicates five determinants which influence the adoption of digital banking services in Vietnam in the context of Covid-19 spreading, as follow: banking service safety, online shopping preference, recommendation, bank marketing and acceptant of perceived risk. Basing on the results of data analyzation, the affection of banking service safety and online shopping preference contributes significantly to the rise of digital banking service adoption during the corona pandemic. And to be avoiding to the threat of covid-19 infected, people surveyed intend to accept the risk caused by digital banking services. These findings can contribute to understanding consumer behavior under the affection of situation (such as disaster or pandemic) comprehensively, help Vietnamese banks to build stronger strategies to enlarge their digital banking service market shares.KeywordsDigital bankingDigital banking serviceCovid-19 pandemic
Consumer vulnerability (CV) has evolved into an important management research field over the past two decades. The CV field (hereafter, the field) merits evaluation of its present state and prospects, as it incorporates many subthemes. This study used bibliometric analysis to map and make sense of the field. The sample, retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database, consisted of 291 documents published between 2001 and 2021. This study used citation analysis to identify prolific authors, key documents, and sources in the field. Importantly, this article reveals two aspects of the knowledge structure of the field: intellectual structure and conceptual structure. Co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling were used to explain the intellectual structure of the field, consisting of the field's knowledge foundations and research fronts. A thematic analysis of the field was performed using a bi-dimensional thematic map to uncover the conceptual structure of the field. This article identifies the field’s basic, motor, niche, and emerging/declining themes. A more nuanced view of the conceptual structure was provided by tracing the chronological thematic evolution of the field. Finally, we discuss future research directions in this field.
Purpose
This study aims to examine how life events, philosophy and spirituality contribute to the development of gastronomy experiences for competitive advantage.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on a qualitative case study approach, interviews were conducted with the owner/chef, employees and customers of Moksa – a plant-based restaurant in Bali, Indonesia.
Findings
The integration of life events (change in health, relationship journey and residential relocation), life philosophy (healthy lifestyle, sustainability and cuisine for the soul) and spirituality (religious values and spiritual fulfillment of life purpose) can facilitate the creation and management of an improved gastronomy experience.
Research limitations/implications
There are key elements of life that can help in the creation of a unique, memorable and holistic gastronomy experience. Restaurant owners and managers should embed these elements in their strategy.
Originality/value
This research adds to the scant knowledge on life courses and gastronomy experiences in the hospitality sector. It also contributes to enhancing understanding of the psychological factors that lead to better experiences.
This paper provides a review of the marketing literature on elderly consumers' health choices and risk perceptions, in order to summarize the state of the art and provide a comparison term for future studies. The research was carried out on scientific articles published from 1970 up to 2019, in a selection of 100 thematic journals. The results confirmed the significance of health choices and risk perceptions as two essential points of marketing research concerning older consumers , and demonstrated that the growing needs and purchasing power of older consumers are accompanied by psychological, biological and relational conditions that can impact decision-making.
Life-role transition is a state when people pass through different life stages that involves changes in identities, roles, and responsibilities. Across six studies, the current research shows that consumers under life-role transition have more favorable attitudes towards distant (i.e., low- or moderate-fit) brand extensions compared to consumers who are not under life-role transition. The effect is driven by a sense of self-concept ambiguity associated with life-role transition, which subsequently prompts dialectical thinking that helps to improve perceived fit between a parent brand and its extension, and finally results in more favorable brand extension evaluation. This effect diminishes for (1) near (i.e., high-fit) brand extensions that do not require dialectical thinking for perceiving fit, (2) for sub-brand (vs. direct brand) architecture, for which there is less of a need to use dialectical thinking to reconcile the inconsistencies between a parent brand and its extension, and (3) when consumers perceive they have resources to cope with the life-role transition which attenuates self-concept ambiguity. This research offers important theoretical and managerial insights by focusing on life-role transition—an important aspect of consumers’ lives that has been largely under-researched, and by demonstrating how and why it elicits more favorable attitudes toward brand extensions.
Purpose: Steel plays an important and essential role in the development of our economy. Steel makes huge contribution to national exchequer and its consumption indicates the industrial growth of the nation. For purchase of any commodity there should be some driving forces to select a particular product. The present review tries to comprehend by a study the market drivers which impact the customers purchase decision making in buying choice on steel products in Tamilnadu.. Samples are drawn from steel consumers. Totally 210 responses were received in the set questionnaire..
Purpose: Steel plays an important and essential role in the development of our economy. Steel makes huge contribution to national exchequer and its consumption indicates the industrial growth of the nation. For purchase of any commodity there should be some driving forces to select a particular product. The present review tries to comprehend by a study the market drivers which impact the customers purchase decision making in buying choice on steel products in Tamilnadu.. Samples are drawn from steel consumers. Totally 210 responses were received in the set questionnaire..
The objective of this research is to examine the factors that promote the onset and continuity of preventive health-care behaviors over the course of one’s life. Using the life course paradigm as an overarching conceptual framework, hypotheses are developed that relate to the role of life events that trigger processes responsible for the initiation and discontinuation of three preventive health-care behaviors: exercising, using dietary supplements or vitamins, and having regular physical exams. The samples used are drawn from the United States, Thailand, South Korea, and Brazil. Results suggest that experience of life events and consequential life-course adaptation processes (socialization, stress and coping, and human development) are important predictors of initiation and discontinuation of preventive health-care behaviors. The relative influence of these explanatory variables varies across cultures, suggesting the importance of contextual factors in explaining preventive health-care behaviors. Implications for further research are also suggested.
Purpose
Imbedded in the life course paradigm, the purpose of this paper is to investigate which individual life events impact blood donations and to study their underlying mechanisms.
Design/methodology/approach
By applying logistic regression, moderation and mediation analysis, this paper uses a large sample of N = 5,640 individuals.
Findings
Experiencing normative life events and stressful life events reduce the likelihood of donating blood, whereas human capital life events enhance the likelihood of donating blood. Specifically, having a child and death of a mother decrease and finishing education increases the probability of blood donations. Locus of control and satisfaction with income are significant underlying mechanisms.
Practical implications
Social marketing campaigns can use individual life events to focus on similarities between potential blood donors and individuals in need of blood. Blood centers can adopt their services to cater to the changing needs after experiencing individual life events by running mobile blood collecting drives and providing guidance.
Social implications
Blood centers take an important role in sustaining a healthy society. As the need for blood will increase in the future, a better understanding of blood donation behavior and social marketing contributes to increased donations.
Originality/value
While previous research looked at collective life events, there is a dearth in marketing and blood literature on the effects of individual life events.
Consuming during life transition: how services encounters affect consumer in mourning
Personal and social identities of consumers are emphasized during service encounters, especially during staff interactions. However very few is known about the perception of these encounters during life transitions. To gain more insight into this issue, a qualitative study was carried out that involved 28 in-depth interviews conducted with consumers in mourning. This research identified four elements of the service encounter with a positive and / or negative impact on the consumer’s well-being and role transition : (a) the explanatory discourse and (b) the emotional contact ; (c) coordination of services interfaces ; (d) and relationships with other consumers. These issues are discussed and managerial implications toward service providers are proposed.
The success of managed competition in health insurance largely depends on consumer switching behavior. Using proprietary data from a large private health insurer in Switzerland, we study how retirement, a life-transition event, influences the health plan choices of the elderly. We find that the elderly engage in ``premium targeting'' at retirement by actively switching to less generous health plans without changing their deductibles. Our structural analysis shows that the elderly are price responsive and the increased switching activity at retirement can be attributed to a premium response. Further, we provide evidence of adverse selection as exclusively healthier individuals sort into cheaper health plans with restricted access to providers.
This study offers the life course paradigm as a viable framework for studying the onset and continuity of three preventive healthcare behaviors at different stages in life. The results reveal that life events experienced earlier in life significantly affect the likelihood of the onset of some certain behaviors and have a different impact on the risk of discontinuation of such a behavior at different life stages. The findings also support the notion that the longer people engage in a certain preventive healthcare activity, the more likely they are to continue that activity. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Although the life course paradigm has been largely ignored by researchers, as a multidisciplinary integrative research framework, it has the potential of helping them address areas and issues of interest to marketers and public policymakers in an innovative way. It can address research questions particularly relevant to marketing strategy, such as market segmentation and market targeting as well as issues regarding customer relationship management (CRM). This chapter offers implications for action in the areas of marketing and public policy with illustrations of applications of life course notions to research questions in select areas of corporate and public policy.
Research efforts in the field of personal finance are yet to benefit from recent theoretical and methodological developments in behavioral and social sciences that have advanced the life course paradigm as the leading research framework for studying behavior over time (e.g., Colby 1998; Elder et al. 2003; George 2003; Mayer and Tuma 1990). For example, although this multi-theoretical paradigm is mentioned as a viable research framework for the study of behavioral and mental changes that surround the critical life event of retirement and the impact of these changes on psychological well-being (Hershey and Henkens 2013), there is limited research on the experienced and expected consequences of this transition on the individual’s financial behaviors. Similarly, models of financial behavior that attempt to incorporate life course theory and concepts (e.g., Hershey et al. 2010) are void of many key elements of the life course paradigm. For example, although the life course “principles” of time and timing have important implications for the development of financial solvency (Hershey and Jacobs-Lawson 2012), they are absent from recent multi-theoretical formulations (e.g., Hershey et al. 2010). Another drawback in previous research efforts is inherent in the analytic methods commonly used (e.g., regression, probit, logit, discriminant), as such methods not only are inferior to more recently developed analytic models, collectively known as “event history analysis” (EHA) (e.g., Frazer et al. 1994; Mayer and Tuma 1990), but also inappropriate for analyzing development and changes of behavior. The latter methods have facilitated the development of the life course approach as the leading research framework (Mayer and Tuma 1990) that is considered one of the most important achievements of social science and behavioral sciences (Colby 1998).
Researchers have long recognized the need to study consumers over the course of their lives and to identify the factors responsible for changes in consumer behaviors over time, but they have had inadequate theories and methods for accomplishing such objectives. This book has argued for the employment of the life course paradigm as a research framework to help study and understand consumers over their life span. The present chapter summarizes previous efforts to study consumers over the course of their lives and the main issues related to these efforts. Next, it highlights the merits of using the life course paradigm as a research framework and how its employment could help overcome shortcomings inherent in previous efforts. Furthermore, the chapter illuminates the life course paradigm’s potential contributions to the field of consumer behavior and points out challenges for researchers who employ the life course approach. Lastly, it offers recommendations to researchers who wish to study consumers over certain periods of their lives.
Within the life course paradigm that is outlined in Fig. 3.1 (Chap. 3), this chapter presents research in consumer behavior that can be viewed in the context of this broad conceptual framework. Organized in line with this framework, the chapter explicates life course conceptual and theoretical notions to provide new insights into the study of consumer behavior. It cites and interprets consumer research that supports these views and demonstrates how displaced theories and previous findings can be integrated within life course paradigm to develop general propositions (Table 4.1) for the relationships in Fig. 3.1, without reference to specific variables, to provide conceptual directions for future research. These propositions in turn serve as bases for illustrating (in chapters that follow) how the life course paradigm could be applied to consumer research to enrich or improve previous efforts, and they help provide a template for research in select areas.
This article reviews the ways “life cycle position” has been used as an independent variable in marketing research.
The author reviews the current status and recent advances in segmentation research, covering segmentation problem definition, research design considerations, data collection approaches, data analysis procedures, and data interpretation and implementation. Areas for future research are identified.
It is argued that the long debate concerning the scientific credentials of marketing has been couched in terms of an idealized notion of science as the ultimate source of objectively certified knowledge. A review of contemporary literature in the philosophy, sociology, and history of science reveals that this canonical conception of science cannot be supported. The implications of this literature for the marketing–as–science debate are developed, and practical measures for the enhancement of scientific practice in marketing are discussed.
This article addresses the question, “How should theories be constructed?” In doing so, two approaches are considered: the classic positivist paradigm and an emerging realist perspective. An attempt is made to develop criteria for representing theories so that they can be more rigorously developed, tested, and evaluated.
The study reported here attempts to demonstrate the value of geographic mobility as a dimension for segmenting consumer markets. After offering a tentative theory of geographic mobility, the author provides evidence showing geographic mobiles to be high in purchasing power, important customers for particular products and services and likely to engage in product, brand and store switching.
This article reviews the ways "life cycle position" has been used as an independent variable in marketing research.
The author reviews the current status and recent advances in segmentation research, covering segmentation problem definition, research design considerations, data collection approaches, data analysis procedures, and data interpretation and implementation. Areas for future research are identified.
This article addresses the question, "How should theories be constructed?" In doing so, two approaches are considered: the classic positivist paradigm and an emerging realist perspective. An attempt is made to develop criteria for representing theories so that they can be more rigorously developed, tested, and evaluated.
It is argued that the long debate concerning the scientific credentials of marketing has been couched in terms of an idealized notion of science as the ultimate source of objectively certified knowledge. A review of contemporary literature in the philosophy, sociology, and history of science reveals that this canonical conception of science cannot be supported. The implications of this literature for the marketing-as-science debate are developed, and practical measures for the enhancement of scientific practice in marketing are discussed.
This paper challenges several arguments for rejecting the rationale of Holmes' and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale and proposes procedural improvements for three aspects of life-event scale construction: construction of a life-event list, selection of judges, and tests of whether judges agree on their ratings. The proposed procedures are illustrated with the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview (PERI) Life Events Scale. This list of 102 events was developed on the basis of surveys of events actually experienced in various populations. Ratings of the amount of change entailed in these events were collected from a community probability sample. Analysis of these ratings suggests that there are group differences, with more of these differences being due to ethnic background than to sex or social class.
Family Life Cycle and Leisure Behavior Research
- E Landon
- Jr Laird
- William Locander
Landon, E. Laird, Jr. and William Locander (1979), "Family
Life Cycle and Leisure Behavior Research," in Advances
in Consumer Research, Vol. 6, ed. William D. Wilkie,
Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research,
133-138.
Geographic Mobility and Market Learning
- Alan R Andreasen
- D Peter
- Durkson
Andreasen, Alan R. and Peter D. Durkson (1966), "Geographic Mobility and Market Learning," Journal of
Marketing Research, 3 (November), 341-348.
Factors Affecting Consumers' Use of Information Sources
- Alan R Andreasen
- D Peter
- Durkson
Andreasen, Alan R. and Peter D. Durkson (1966), "Geographic Mobility and Market Learning," Journal of
Marketing Research, 3 (November), 341-348.
---and Brian T. Ratchford (1976), "Factors Affecting
Consumers' Use of Information Sources," Journal of
Business Research, (August), 430-443.