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Sex attractant for the poplar shoot-borer, Gypsonoma aceriana (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
Abstract
Gypsonoma aceriana, the poplar shoot-borer, is a common species in poplar plantations and nurseries, where it may cause serious damage by boring into buds and terminal shoots. By screening a number of monounsaturated alcohols and acetates it was found that a mixture of (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol acetate (E10-12:Ac) and (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol (E10-12:OH) in a ratio 7:3 attracts numerous males of G. aceriana. Traps baited with this mixture can be used to monitor flight activity of this moth.
Ein Sexuallockstoff für den Pappeltriebwickler, Gypsonoma aceriana (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
Der Pappeltriebwickler, Gypsonoma aceriana, ist eine der wichtigsten Schadinsekten im Pappelanbau. Bei starkem Befall führt das Einbohren der Larven in den Terminaltrieben zu Kronenmißbildungen und Wachstumsverlusten.
Mit dem Ziel, einen Sexuallockstoff für diese Art zu finden, der sich zur Uberwachung der Art mit Monitorfallen eignet, wurden verschiedene potentielle Lockstoffkomponenten geprüft.
Feldversuche 1982 zeigten das (E)-10-Dodecen-l-ol-acetat attraktiv für G. aceriana und die nahe verwandte Art G. dealbana. Bei Hinzufügung von (E)-10-Dodecen-l-ol erhöhten sich die Fänge von G. aceriana.
Kombinationen dieser zwei Komponenten wurden 1983 wiederum geprüft, und zwar in den Mischungsverhältnissen 10:0, 9:1, 8:2 und 7:3. Es zeigte sich, daß die Beifügung von Alkohol, die Fangrate von G. aceriana stark erhöhte und jene von G. dealbana stark reduzierte. Die besten Fänge von G. aceriana wurden mit einem Acetat-Alkohol-Verhältnis von 7:3 erreicht. Mit dieser Lockstoffmischung kann die Flugaktivität von G. aceriana gut überwacht werden.
... There has been considerable research on different ways to control G. aceriana. Attractants can be used to capture adults (Booij and Voerman, 1984;Allegro, 1992). Damaged branches can be removed. ...
This book entitled 'Poplars and Willows: Trees for Society and the Environment' contains twelve chapters. The poplars could equally well be willows, since they are clearly of a single, identified taxon (Chapter 2), selected originally from naturally occurring genetic resources (Chapter 3), but having undergone a process of domestication (Chapter 4) to enhance productivity and perhaps resistance to diseases (Chapter 8) and damaging insects (Chapter 9). The procedures for operationally producing poplar planting material, and for ensuring successful establishment and growth once planted, have been developed, honed and adapted to different regions of the world (Chapter 5). The trees provide shelter, an environmental benefit, to the field crop (Chapter 6). The scientist needs to be aware of the stresses placed on the agroforestry ecosystem by abiotic factors such as drought, salinity and the changing global climate (Chapter 7). The trees in the older plantation in the photo will soon be ready to harvest for a variety of products (Chapter 10) and the person managing this agroforestry system will need to consider the market trends and future outlook for different poplar products (Chapter 11), as well as for the field crops. By its very nature, the scene is one of support for rural livelihoods and sustainable development (Chapter 12).
... There has been considerable research on different ways to control G. aceriana. Attractants can be used to capture adults (Booij and Voerman, 1984;Allegro, 1992). Damaged branches can be removed. ...
Chapter 9 (Page no: 459)
Insect and other pests of poplars and willows.
This chapter presents a list of nearly 70 species illustrating the range of insects and mites that attack willows and poplars, the damage they cause and the severity of their attack in different parts of the world. The chapter shows that insect pests can be grouped largely according to their lifestyle, and so a brief overview is provided of the damage caused by insects as bud and leaf feeders, leaf miners, young shoot feeders, wood borers, root feeders and those that lead to the formation of often very distinctive galls. A few species are so widespread, or so consistently damaging, that they warrant more detailed description, and so a series of case studies of 16 representative insect species, or groups of similar species, is also included.
By screening (Z)-11-tetradecenal and (E)-11-tetradecenal alone, mixed with each other or mixed with corresponding alcohols or acetates, sex attractants were discovered or improved for nine Lepidoptera. Attractants were found forAcleris sparsana, A. tripunctana, Aphelia viburnana (all Tortricidae),Cilix glaucata (Drepanidae), andCosmia trapezina (Noctuidae). The significance of Δ11-tetradecenals in tortricid sex attractants is discussed.
Background:
Detecting and controlling the movements of invasive species, such as insect pests, relies upon rapid and accurate species identification in order to initiate containment procedures by the appropriate authorities. Many species in the tussock moth genus Lymantria are significant forestry pests, including the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L., and consequently have been a focus for the development of molecular diagnostic tools to assist in identifying species and source populations. In this study we expand the taxonomic and geographic coverage of the DNA barcode reference library, and further test the utility of this diagnostic method, both for species/subspecies assignment and for determination of geographic provenance of populations.
Methodology/principal findings:
Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcodes were obtained from 518 individuals and 36 species of Lymantria, including sequences assembled and generated from previous studies, vouchered material in public collections, and intercepted specimens obtained from surveillance programs in Canada. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed, revealing high bootstrap support for 90% of species clusters. Bayesian species assignment was also tested, and resulted in correct assignment to species and subspecies in all instances. The performance of barcoding was also compared against the commonly employed NB restriction digest system (also based on COI); while the latter is informative for discriminating gypsy moth subspecies, COI barcode sequences provide greater resolution and generality by encompassing a greater number of haplotypes across all Lymantria species, none shared between species.
Conclusions/significance:
This study demonstrates the efficacy of DNA barcodes for diagnosing species of Lymantria and reinforces the view that the approach is an under-utilized resource with substantial potential for biosecurity and surveillance. Biomonitoring agencies currently employing the NB restriction digest system would gather more information by transitioning to the use of DNA barcoding, a change which could be made relatively seamlessly as the same gene region underlies both protocols.
A potent attractant in the field for spotted tentiform leaf miner, Lithocolletis blancardella (F.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), male moths was found to be (E)-10-dodecenyl acetate. The compound was predicted from male antennal responses to monounsaturated acetates and alcohols.
Most of the known sex attractants and pheromones found for Tortricidae attract species of the subfamily Tortricinae. In order to find more sex attractants for species of the subfamily Olethreutinae, about 60 one- and two-component lures were screened for attractancy in different biotopes in the Netherlands. Most of the chemicals tested were straight-chain dodecen-1-ols and their acetates. The species captured belonged to the following families and subfamilies: Tortricinae (5), Olethreutinae (30), Noctuidae (2), Gelechiidae (1), Gracillariidae (1). Some of the species captured are recorded as pest species in forestry:Epinotia tedella, Gypsonoma aceriana, Cydia strobilella, C. zebeana, Petrova resinella, Blastesthia turionella, andB. posticana.
Overwintered larvae of Gypsonoma haimbachiana (Kearfott) resumed feeding in new twig growth during mid-March in 1970 and 1971. Adult moths appeared in mid-April and were present until late November. There were 2 seasonal peaks in egg numbers for both years. Late season peaks gave rise to damaging larval populations with near 100% terminal kill by late August or September.
Monitoring insects with formulations In: Insect suppression with control f ed release pheromone systems. Vol. I. Ed. Author's address: Dr. S. VOERMAN, Institute for Pesticide Research The Netherlands
- G E Daterman
DATERMAN, G. E., 1982: Monitoring insects with formulations. In: Insect suppression with control f ed release pheromone systems. Vol. I. Ed. Author's address: Dr. S. VOERMAN, Institute for Pesticide Research, Marijkeweg 22, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
1979: Synthesis, purification and field screening of potential sex pheromones In: Chemical Ecology: Odour Communication in Animals
- S Voerman
VOERMAN, S., 1979: Synthesis, purification and field screening of potential sex pheromones. In: Chemical Ecology: Odour Communication in Animals. Ed. by F. J. RITTER. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, pp. 353-363. 135-144.
Elenco commentato dei più importante insetti dannosi alla coltura del pioppo in Italia
- Arru G. M.
La tordeuse des pousses des peupliers et son cycle biologigue dans le Sud‐Ouest
- Attard G.
Einige Bemerkungen zur Biologie des Pappeltriebwicklers, Semasia aceriana
- Scheffer-Immel