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Abstract

An application of logarithmic azimuthal projection is presented for use in Municipal Information System (MIS) environment in order to treat the problem of dense concentration of urban thematic symbolism over a limited portion of the city plan keeping at the same time the general overview of the whole urban layout. The test was applied to the Greek city of Volos in Thessaly, performing a projection to projection type of analysis and the relevant study of deformations. The use of such projections is of particular importance, as experience confirmed, for hard-copy urban map products in a variety of applications interesting town planners, traffic engineers, municipal administrators, public security officers, archaeologists, professional associations and other specialists dealing with urban studies and activities. On presente une application de la projection azimutale logarithmique dans l'environnement d'un systeme d'information municipale (SIM) afin de traiter le probleme de la dense concentration de symbolis...

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... [113] Figure 2a. Examples of the focal (mono-focal and poly-focal) representation of city-maps (here the intramural part of the city of Thessaloniki), after Boutoura, 1994. Some city parts with special interest are focused in (varying) grater scale without loosing the spatial continuity of the city layout. ...
... See, e.g.,Kadmon and Shlomi (1978);Boutoura (1994);Fairbairn and Taylor (1995);Boutoura et al. (1999); Guerra and Boutoura(2001); Harrie et al. (2002); Pérez and Andreu (2008); Yamamoto et al. (2009); Walsh et al. (2010); Haunert and Sering (2011); Wu and Liu (2011);Michalski and Tymków (2011). For a rough introduction in the fisheye-lens concept and the relevant projection, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheye_lens; ...
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Historical maps are rich in the way their cartographic content is represented both in the geometric – projection component of the representation and in the thematic counterpart. Focusing into the geometric content of old maps, we can identify exceptional examples of maps designed in particular projections of non-conventional types, as they are e.g. the bird-eye view projections related, in general, to the perspective representation, or the more complicated fisheye view projections, which is the very interesting case of some rare and thus important old city maps. Dealing with the second case of representations, the projection properties are not known and the only evidence which could assist the analysis is based on an initially intuitive approach, associated to the phenomenological assimilation of the map geometry pattern. The analysis can only be based on a test-and-trial procedure, i.e., by comparing the degree of agreement of the original map with models developed using relevant mapping functions which are generally known in the modern photographic image capturing literature as fisheye-lens functions. In this study the famous city map of Argentoratum (Strasbourg) is used, in digital form, taken from Braun and Hogenberg’s Civitates Orbis Terrarum (1572) in order to study the apparent non linear projection, of a fisheye view type, of this map. A digital analysis using types of appropriate fisheye lens functions, combining cartographic and hotogrammetric methods, shows the projection type inherent in the map representation, in association to a comparative study using relevant modern maps in regular projections. [http://www.e-perimetron.org/Vol_7_3/Boutoura_et_al.pdf]
... The above problem, namely the partial magnification losing continuity, can by solved by a logarithmic azimuth projection associated with the regular azimuth equidistant projection with respect to a given polar point, the focus of the representation (Boutoura, 1994). The extension to a multi-focal projection is an easy task when more than one foci are used to examine more than one concentration of dense thematic symbol placements keeping at the same time the spatial continuity of the whole area. ...
... This tradition is a 'Procrustean solution', which restricts the map-user's view over the urban continuum. The above problem, namely the partial magnification losing continuity, can by solved by a logarithmic azimuth projection associated with the regular azimuth equidistant projection with respect to a given polar point, the focus of the representation (Boutoura, 1994). The extension to a multi-focal projection is an easy task when more than one foci are used to examine more than one concentration of dense thematic symbol placements keeping at the same time the spatial continuity of the whole area. ...
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Tourist maps representing historic cities and their historic centres as well as sites with relevant interest are indeed popular among the wide public. Maps of this type are conventional obeying to the well-known traditional rules based on theoretical and practical experience. The same hold also for the tourist maps products of new electronic technologies. In this paper it is presented the possibility of coupling non-conventional map representations of historical cities' centres -as the maps of varying scale are-with their conventional counterparts, in the context of a two-window electronic imaging system of simultaneous navigation with urban tourist interest.
Chapter
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Book
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A thematic map is a map that illustrates more than simply geographical relationships or locations, but rather also portrays themes, patterns, or data relating to physical, social, medical, economic, political or any other aspect of a region or location. Examples include maps that show variations of population density, climate data, wealth, voting intentions, or life expectancy with geographical location. These tools have become central to the work of scientists, practitioners, and students in nearly every field, from epidemiology to political science, and are familiar to members of the public as a common means of expressing complicated and multivariate information in easily understood graphical formats. This set of three volumes on Thematic Cartography considers maps as information constructs resulting from a number of successive information transformations and the products of decision stages, integrated into a logical reasoning and the order of those choices. It thereby provides a thorough understanding of the theoretical basis for thematic mapping, as well as the means of applying the various techniques and methodologies in order to create a desired analytical presentation. This second volume focuses on the impact of the quantitative revolution on thematic cartography, partly related to the advent of the computer age. It deals with transformations related to the [Z] data and the technically renewed methods (anamorphoses, 3D representations).
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