No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
The Effects Of Glutamine On Muscle Strength And Body Composition
... In humans, results from several studies in which healthy adult male and female subjects received oral supplemental L-glutamine at daily doses ranging from 3-45 g for up to 10 weeks did not reveal any compound-related adverse effects (Candow et al., 2001;Falk et al., 2003;Kerksick et al., 2006;Krieger et al., 2004;Lehmkuhl et al., 2003;Rathmacher et al., 2004;Thistlethwaite et al., 2005;Williams et al., 2002;Ziegler et al., 1990). In a recent review of the safety of L-glutamine, Shao and Hathcock (2008) concluded that there is strong evidence in humans supporting an absence of adverse effects associated with the supplemental consumption of up to 14 g L-glutamine/day. ...
... The lack of L-glutamine toxicity is corroborated by the results of human studies with healthy male and female subjects who ingested 3-45 g/day of L-glutamine with no compound-related adverse effects reported (Candow et al., 2001;Falk et al., 2003;Kerksick et al., 2006;Krieger et al., 2004;Lehmkuhl et al., 2003;Rathmacher et al., 2004;Thistlethwaite et al., 2005;Williams et al., 2002;Ziegler et al., 1990). The highest oral L-glutamine dose identified in these studies was 45 g/day for 6 weeks (Candow et al., 2001), and the trial of the longest duration was 10 weeks, using a dose of 5 g/day in combination with whey protein and branched-chain amino acids (Kerksick et al., 2006). ...
L-Glutamine is an abundantly occurring amino acid that serves numerous nutritional and physiological functions. It has current and potential applications as a therapeutic agent, dietary supplement, food ingredient, and in animal nutrition. To assess the safety of supplemental L-glutamine, a bacterial reverse mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration assay, and a 13-week toxicity study were conducted. L-Glutamine showed no mutagenic activity in the bacterial reverse mutation assay, and did not induce chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay. In the 13-week toxicity study, Sprague-Dawley rats (10/sex/group) were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 2.5, or 5.0% L-glutamine. No deaths occurred, and no significant differences in body weights, body weight gains, ophthalmological findings, urinalysis parameters, or organ weights were observed between L-glutamine-fed rats and their respective controls. No toxicologically relevant effects on hematological or blood biochemical parameters were observed. Macroscopic and microscopic effects occurred at low frequency but were not associated with a dose-response relationship. Based on the results of the study, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level was determined to be 5.0% L-glutamine in the diet, the highest concentration tested (equivalent to 3832 and 4515 mg/kg body weight/day in male and female rats, respectively).
... Published relevant human clinical trials involved oral Gln doses ranging from 3 to 45 g/d (Table 2) (Candow et al., 2001;Williams et al., 2002;Falk et al., 2003;Lehmkuhl et al., 2003;Krieger et al., 2004;Rathmacher et al., 2004;Thistlethwaite et al., 2005;Kerksick et al., 2006). All studies reviewed were double-blind, randomized controlled trials using healthy adults. ...
... One study involving parenteral Gln administration in healthy adults ( Lowe et al., 1990) was reviewed due to its emphasis on the safety of Gln (see Table 2), but is not included in the risk assessment, although the results are supportive of the conclusions reached on the basis of the oral studies. Another study was presented as an abstract at a scientific meeting ( Thistlethwaite et al., 2005) and publication of the full study is currently in process. A third study which met all the aforementioned criteria was excluded due to the lack of quantitative information on the dose of Gln used (Arwert et al., 2003). ...
Taurine, glutamine and arginine are examples of amino acids which have become increasingly popular as ingredients in dietary supplements and functional foods and beverages. Animal and human clinical research suggests that oral supplementation of these amino acids provides additional health and/or performance benefits beyond those observed from normal intake of dietary protein. The increased consumer awareness and use of these amino acids as ingredients in dietary supplements and functional foods warrant a comprehensive review of their safety through quantitative risk assessment, and identification of a potential safe upper level of intake. The absence of a systematic pattern of adverse effects in humans in response to orally administered taurine (Tau), l-glutamine (Gln) and l-arginine (Arg) precluded the selection of a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL). Therefore, by definition, the usual approach to risk assessment for identification of a tolerable upper level of intake (UL) could not be used. Instead, the newer method described as the Observed Safe Level (OSL) or Highest Observed Intake (HOI) was utilized. The OSL risk assessments indicate that based on the available published human clinical trial data, the evidence for the absence of adverse effects is strong for Tau at supplemental intakes up to 3 g/d, Gln at intakes up to 14 g/d and Arg at intakes up to 20 g/d, and these levels are identified as the respective OSLs for normal healthy adults. Although much higher levels of each of these amino acids have been tested without adverse effects and may be safe, the data for intakes above these levels are not sufficient for a confident conclusion of long-term safety, and therefore these values are not selected as the OSLs.
Background:
after a traumatic injury or post surgical orthopedic, the loss of skeletal muscle strength is common. In addition to strength training schemes and/or resistance to treatment, it has been proposed as an additional treatment, the use of some amino acids such as glutamine (Gln) in isolation or combination with other nutrients. However, the information on the effectiveness of oral Gln supplementation during exercise strength schemes and / or endurance in adults with strength deficit is inconsistent.
Objective:
to evaluate the strength of the evidence at hand about the effect of oral supplementation on muscle strength Gln set to strength training schemes and / or resistance in adult muscle strength deficit.
Methods:
a systematic search was conducted in different databases, in clinical trials reported from the year 1980-2014, both in English and Spanish, about oral Gln supplementation alone or in combination with other nutrients, with a control group, in adults with strength deficits under exercise schemes of strength and / or endurance, tracking under a year and muscle power as the primary outcome.
Results:
of 661 articles, six relevant studies were identified. The study participants in Gln isolation evaluation did not suggest changes between the groups, only an improvement in the perception of muscle weakness. Studies evaluating Gln with other nutrients, have reported results in favor of it. No meta-analysis was possible.
Conclusions:
nowadays there are insufficient data on the effects related to the Gln on the deficit of muscular force during exercise schemes in adults. It is required more research in this topic to respond more accurately about this fact.
GLUTAMINE AS AN AID IN THE RECOVERY OF MUSCLE STRENGTH: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Abstract
Background: after a traumatic injury or post surgical orthopedic, the loss of skeletal muscle strength is com- mon. In addition to strength training schemes and/or resistance to treatment, it has been proposed as an ad- ditional treatment, the use of some amino acids such as glutamine (Gln) in isolation or combination with other nutrients. However, the information on the effectiveness of oral Gln supplementation during exercise strength schemes and / or endurance in adults with strength de- ficit is inconsistent.
Objective: to evaluate the strength of the evidence at hand about the effect of oral supplementation on muscle strength Gln set to strength training schemes and / or re- sistance in adult muscle strength deficit.
Methods: a systematic search was conducted in diffe- rent databases, in clinical trials reported from the year 1980-2014, both in English and Spanish, about oral Gln supplementation alone or in combination with other nutrients, with a control group, in adults with strength deficits under exercise schemes of strength and / or en- durance, tracking under a year and muscle power as the primary outcome.
Results: of 661 articles, six relevant studies were iden- tified. The study participants in Gln isolation evaluation did not suggest changes between the groups, only an im- provement in the perception of muscle weakness. Studies evaluating Gln with other nutrients, have reported re- sults in favor of it. No meta-analysis was possible. Resumen
Antecedentes: la pérdida de fuerza del músculo es- quelético es frecuente tras una lesión traumática o en el postquirúrgico ortopédico. Además de los esquemas de ejercicio de fuerza y/o resistencia para su tratamiento, ha sido propuesto como auxiliar el uso de algunos aminoáci- dos como la glutamina (Gln), de manera aislada o combi- nada con otros nutrimentos. Sin embargo, la información sobre la eficacia de la suplementación oral con Gln du- rante los esquemas de ejercicio de fuerza y/o resistencia en adultos con déficit de fuerza es inconsistente.
Objetivo: evaluar la solidez de la evidencia disponi- ble del efecto de la suplementación oral con Gln sobre la fuerza muscular, junto con esquemas de ejercicio de fuerza y/o resistencia en adultos con déficit de fuerza muscular.
Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en dife- rentes bases de datos, de ensayos clínicos reportados des- de el año 1980 a 2014, en idioma inglés y español, sobre suplementación oral con Gln aislada o combinada con otros nutrimentos, con grupo control, en adultos con dé- ficit de fuerza, bajo esquemas de ejercicio de fuerza y/o resistencia, seguimiento menor a un año y fuerza muscu- lar como desenlace primario.
Resultados: de 661 artículos, se identificaron seis es- tudios relevantes. El estudio con más participantes que evaluó la Gln aislada no sugiere cambios entre los gru- pos, solo una mejoría en la percepción de la debilidad muscular. Los estudios que evaluaron la Gln con otros nutrimentos reportan resultados a favor de esta. No fue posible realizar un metanálisis.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.