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The Effects of Color on Memory
Abstract
This study examined whether color has an effect on memory. Participants were 115 college undergraduates enrolled in an introductory psychology course. They were each given a packet consisting of a list of 20 words, a mathematical task, a blank recall sheet, and a demographic questionnaire. All sheets within each packet were the same color, but different participants received warm colored (red and yellow), cool colored (green and blue), or white packets. The participants were given one minute to memorize the list of words. They then completed the mathematical task. Lastly, they tried to recall as many words as possible on the blank recall sheet. The percentage of words recalled correctly was the dependent variable. It was hypothesized that participants who received warm-colored packets would recall more words than participants who received either the cool-colored packets or the white packets. A one-way ANOVA was conducted and the results indicated that there was not a statistically significant difference in percentage of words recalled based on packet color. Possible explanations are examined.
... [14] Therefore, it was not surprising that scientists in the United States requested from the prison administrations to paint the walls of prison with Rose (pink) colour, and found it has a relaxing effect on prisoners, so it can easily benefit from the effect of colours on the mood of computer's user to give an atmosphere of comfort and joy without great effort or cost. [6] [5] User interface design is science and an art as well. It shows artistic talent in creating attractive and beautiful element in design, while the core of the user interface is the logic of exchange. ...
... Many researchers have worked on computer vision syndrome and other worked on colour theory and made questionnaires about colour therapy. The following is a brief explanation about their works: In 2007 [5] Lynnay Huchendorf studied the effect of colour on memory and found that students in the sample can recall more words when warm colours (red, yellow) are used for background, than cold colours ( green , blue ) or even white. In 2011 [7] Mark Rosenfield found that in appropriate oculomotor response, lack of blinking and dry eye are the major causes of CVS. ...
... The study showed that when he used warm colours (red or yellow) students recall more characters than when using white or cool colours (green or blue). [5] F ...
Each colour has an effect on the human in different manner, by learning how each colour affecting us, We can use colours in an effective manner to confer us an extra energy when we need it. Different colours can be used for the treatment of different diseases. In Modern society, computer device has become an integral part of our life. The increase of using digital devices has led to the emergence of variant side effects on the musculature such as neck and shoulder pain associated with the use of computer, in addition to the computer vision syndrome (CVS) which is a combination of eye and vision problems associated with the use of digital devices, that cover eye strain, irritation, headache, tired eyes, redness, blurred vision and diplopia. The process of designing a user interface with colour in software engineering can be quite complex and challenging. When challenges to colour planning are recast as opportunities for development, designing with colour can be optimized and creativity unlock. In this paper, a theory called "Computer Model Therapy (CMT)" has been proposed to minimize the side effects on users that have been clarified and to protect healthy people against such effects by developing a user's interface depending on colour therapy science.
... Research with college students' performance on tests printed on different color papers has also yielded interesting, but conflicting results. Some reported no significant effects of the color on student performance [5][6][7][8] and others have found results to be significant but they contradict. One study [9] of college students reported a positive effect of red or yellow paper than white, blue, or green paper on student performance while another study [10] found students scoring higher on a midterm exam printed on blue paper than on the red paper, particularly for difficult questions. ...
... Another study [13] of 120 adults found that images of natural scenes on a computer monitor in color were remembered about 5% times more than the gray-scale monochrome scenes. Effects of colored handouts on memory retention were examined by using a sample of 115 undergraduate college students in yet another study [8]. ...
... In this experiment, paper color by itself did not yield any significant result which coincides with previous research findings [5][6][7][8]. However, as expected, men and women differed significantly in their word recall with regard to yellow and blue paper colors. ...
Most reading materials including computers have white background with black writing. The present experiment sought to examine whether color paper had an effect on college students’ information retention measured as the number of words recalled. After conducting a pilot study, white, blue and yellow color papers were used in the present experiment with a sample of 117 young college students enrolled in an American Southwestern university. They were randomly divided into three experimental groups: Control group (white paper), yellow paper group, and blue paper group. The ANOVA results of the experiment showed a significant interaction between paper color and sex with regard to word recall. It was concluded that background color of instructional material can impact the students’ performance positively or adversely depending on their sex. The cool colors such as blue might enhance women’s learning and warm colors such as yellow might enhance men’s learning.
... It can be easily said that human beings live in a world of color (Huchendorf, 2007). Various research suggest that colors, which encloses us in our daily life, have a great impact on our psychological state and behaviors (Rosenstein, 1985). ...
... It is thought that the colors used in indoors directly affects individuals psychologically and emotionally. Huchendorf (2007), states that colors have negative or positive stimulating impacts on an individual. Various colors represent various psychological states; therefore; the need of knowing which color to use in a certain indoor is also necessary for using the indoor environment in the best manner by the target users. ...
... Furthermore, warmer colors (e.g., red, orange) are found to influence more attention compared to cooler (e.g., grey) (Greene, Bell & Boyer, 1983). Indeed, participants exposed to warm colors recalled more words than those who received cool-colored shades or white ones (Huchendorf et al., 2007) Pan's (2010 study adds that color is more recognizable and retainable in the brain rather than a shape. Overall, colors enhance memory retention, consumers' emotional experience as well as decisionmaking (Sutcliffe, 2020). ...
... Based on our theoretical review, studies support that warm colours (e.g., red, orange) have a higher impact on attention compared to cool ones (e.g., blue, grey) (Greene, Bell & Boyer, 1983). Moreover, a more recent study by Huchendorf et al., (2007) found that participants who were exposed to warm-colour patterns recalled more words than those who received cool-coloured shades or white ones, which shows the positive impact of warm colour shades on memory recall. These studies confirm that colour shades can instantly affect the way humans attend, store, and remember information in their brains. ...
Data journalism is the process of analysing, clarifying, and visualising data to convey a story and present the news more effectively. Data visualisation, the method that allows communicating large amounts of data, can improve viewers’ understanding of news and can increase interaction (Bradshaw 2010). The minimalistic theory of the “data-ink” ratio, which can design effective data visualisations, explains that ink should only be used to display the data. Data visualisations with right selection of visual channels can influence memory, attention, and news comprehension (Pan, 2010; Smilek, Dixon & Merikle, 2002). The purpose of this study is to explore if and how visual designers assess psychological principles in journalistic data visualisation. Data visualisations from two well-known organisations (the BBC and the Guardian) presenting COVID-19 information were collected. The analysis was effectuated based on a ‘decoding model’ initiated by Munzner (2014) to identify their visual attributes. The findings concluded that media organisations consider and apply psychological metrics in the visual design process. Interesting colour differences between visualisations were identified and discussed. A limitation was that the sample of the study was small. Future research could include more data visualisations or could use interviews to understand better the way visual designers practice psychology. Keywords: Data Visualisation, Cognitive Psychology, Journalism, Visual Perception
... Salah satunya produk minuman soda pernah salah menentukan warna pada produknya sehingga mengalami penurunan penjualan, dan akhirnya terselesaikan dengan memperbaiki pemilihan warna produk. Efek warna terhadap memori otak manusia, dari hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa warna panas memberikan daya tarik yang berbeda dan lebih mudah diingat partisipan dari pada warna dingin (Huchendorf, 2007). Berdasarkan studi pustaka di atas, maka dapat diidentifikasi sampel penggunaan warna pada 10 (sepuluh) sampel brand warung kopi lokal dari tahun 2015-2018. ...
... Berdasarkan studi pustaka di atas, maka dapat diidentifikasi sampel penggunaan warna pada 10 (sepuluh) sampel brand warung kopi lokal dari tahun 2015-2018. Apabila dilihat dari (Huchendorf, 2007) tentang pengaruh warna panas yang memiliki panjang gelombang yang lebih panjang akan lebih mudah diingat konsumen dari pada warna dingin yang panjang gelombangnya lebih pendek, maka dari kelima sampel brand warung kopi lokal brand Tanamera Coffee memiliki kekuatan dari aspek warna panas (merah) pada memori konsumennya. Hal tersebut juga terlihat pada visual branding pada media sosial Instagram. ...
strong>Abstract
Color Overview on Visual Branding Local Coffee Shop. Visual power is an important part of marketing strategies. Visually gives a tremendous influence on consumer purchasing decisions. Humans have a direct reaction to color and shape to improve memory of vision, recognize, and identify brands. Color can convey messages and give special reactions to the human brain. The phenomenon of drinking coffee in coffee shops
is now shifting in the community. This research uses netnographic methods related to the existence and phenomenon of local coffee shops. By taking advantage in big data that can be accessed online, visual data analyzed with color branding theory, visual branding theory and sensory branding theory. The results of this study showed the increase of the local coffee shops presence in digital information media, and the tendency of certain
form, color and brand names using local term to put forward Indonesia local identity.
Abstrak
Tinjauan Warna pada Visual Branding Warung Kopi Lokal. Kekuatan visual menjadi bagian penting dalam strategi pemasaran. Visual memberikan pengaruh luar biasa terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Manusia memiliki reaksi langsung terhadap warna dan bentuk, meningkatkan memori penglihatan, mengenali, dan mengidentifikasi brand. Warna dapat menyampaikan pesan dan memberikan reaksi khusus pada otak
manusia. Fenomena minum kopi di warung kopi saat ini sudah bergeser di masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode netnografi terkait keberadaan dan fenomena warung kopi lokal. Dengan memanfaatkan big data yang dapat diakses secara online, data visual dianalisi menggunakan teori color branding, teori visual branding dan teori branding sensory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keberadaan warung kopi
lokal pada media informasi digital, serta kecenderungan penggunaan bentuk, warna serta penggunaan istilah lokal untuk mengedepankan identitas lokal Indonesia.
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... We live surrounded by colors. That is how the world is (Huchendorf, 2007). ...
This study investigates the crucial influence of color and form on architectural design and architecture education, highlighting how these elements shape the aesthetics of the built environment and impact human experiences. The central problem addressed is the need to understand the interaction between color and form in creating spaces that evoke specific emotions and cultural narratives, contributing to an architecture that goes beyond functionality. The importance of this study lies in demonstrating how the careful integration of these elements can enrich the built environment and improve the quality of architectural education. The methodology adopted includes the analysis of case studies and expert opinions, along with the exploration of innovative methods in the teaching of architecture, which combine practical learning, virtual simulations and interdisciplinary collaboration. The results indicate that an in-depth understanding of the dynamic relationship between colors and shapes allows architects, but also society in general, to enhance their creativity, contributing to a more culturally significant and aesthetically impactful built environment.
... But the modern researches started discovering what can affect this mood, and these researches showed that colors can have great effect on mood and psychological changes of a person. According to those theories, color therapy that are linked to mood often used in treatments to help to achieve positive results when other methods fail (Huchendorf, 2007). ...
The Some phenomena have an impact on the health of people who use computers for lengthy periods. The physicians call these symptoms "distress symptoms related to the use of computers". In our unconsciousness, colors and music greatly affect the mood of a person. This effect differs according to the persons and their education. Colors and music have symbolic values related to each culture and country. Therefore, there is a difficulty to identify certain colors and music that can be considered as a standard to treat the users or prevent them from the resulted negative effects of using computers and mobile devices. The research aims at suggesting features called (interface style behavior) (ISB) to participate in treating and preventing the users of computer screens and mobile devices from "distress symptoms related to the use of computer" through integrating these features derived from color therapy science and the science of music therapy with the art of User Interface Design and then apply the results to the applications and web sites.
... But the modern researches started discovering what can affect this mood, and these researches showed that colors can have great effect on mood and psychological changes of a person. According to those theories, color therapy that are linked to mood often used in treatments to help to achieve positive results when other methods fail (Huchendorf, 2007). ...
The Some phenomena have an impact on the health of people who use computers for lengthy periods. The physicians call these symptoms "distress symptoms related to the use of computers". In our unconsciousness, colors and music greatly affect the mood of a person. This effect differs according to the persons and their education. Colors and music have symbolic values related to each culture and country. Therefore, there is a difficulty to identify certain colors and music that can be considered as a standard to treat the users or prevent them from the resulted negative effects of using computers and mobile devices. The research aims at suggesting features called (interface style behavior) (ISB) to participate in treating and preventing the users of computer screens and mobile devices from "distress symptoms related to the use of computer" through integrating these features derived from color therapy science and the science of music therapy with the art of User Interface Design and then apply the results to the applications and web sites.
... Dabei kann die Visualisierung durch lebendige Farbcodierungen unterstützt werden.Farbe kann das Kurzzeitgedächtnis und die Funktionsfähigkeit verbessern[62]. Es wurde festgestellt, dass gerade sehr kraftvolle Farben, wie Rot, die Aufmerksamkeit einer Person erhöhen[62,63].Die computergestützte Analyse mittels CAD/CAM-Technologie vereint dabei all die bereits erwähnten positiven Lerneinflüsse und -bedürfnisse der Studierenden. Die studentischen Präparationen werden visualisiert und die Beurteilungen können innerhalb kurzer Zeit von den Studierenden selbst vorgenommen werden. ...
Das Erlernen der Kronenpräparation stellt einen wichtigen Bestandteil der Lehre in den vorklinischen Kursen des Studiums der Zahnheilkunde dar. Trotz der Bedeutung des Erlernens der motorischen Fertigkeiten und der damit verbundenen Schwierigkeiten war die praktische Ausbildung im Rahmen des Zahnmedizinstudiums bisher kaum Gegenstand didaktischer Innovationen. Einen wichtigen Bestandteil stellt die Vermittlung der Prinzipien der CAD/CAM-Technik mit ihren Möglichkeiten und Vorteilen für die zahnmedizinische Versorgung und Lehre dar. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Lernerfolg der Studenten bei der Kronenpräparation mittels CAD/CAM-Technologie mit der konventionellen Lehrmethode zu vergleichen. Die Studie fand im Wintersemester 2017/2018 im Rahmen des Phantomkursus der Zahnersatzkunde I statt. Die Studie wurde in zwei Gruppen durchgeführt. Die beiden ausgelosten Gruppen setzten sich aus der Gruppe der konventionell unterrichteten Probanden und der durch computergestützte Analyse unterrichteten Probanden mit jeweils 24 Studierenden zusammen. Für die Studie waren die Zähne 14 und 16 so zu beschleifen, dass sie für die Aufnahme einer verblendeten Zirkonoxid-Brücke geeignet waren. Die Präparation erfolgte an einem teilbezahnten Studienmodell, das in einem Patientensimulator fixiert wurde. Für die Studiendurchführung kam das Gerät CEREC AC mit Omnicam zum Einsatz. Als unterstützendes Computerprogramm zum Erlernen der Kronenpräparation wurde die Software prepCheck verwendet. Die Auswertung der Studie zeigte, dass die Studierenden Schwierigkeiten hatten, Zähne innerhalb der empfohlenen Präparationsrichtlinien zu präparieren. Dennoch konnte ein Lernerfolg sowohl für die konventionell unterrichtete Gruppe als auch die prepCheck unterrichtete Gruppe verzeichnet werden. Von den getesteten Parametern „Okklusal_Molar“, „Okklusal_PM“, „Seitenwände_Molar“, „Seitenwände_PM“, „Präpgrenze_Molar“, „Präpgrenze_PM“, „∡Molar_vest/pal“, „∡Molar_m-d“, „∡PM_vest/pal“, „∡PM_m-d“ und „∡Einschub“, waren die Ergebnisse „Okklusal_PM“ sowie „Seitenwände_PM“ signifikant. Für die Testparameter „Präpgrenze“ und „∡Einschub“ konnte kein Lernerfolg nachgewiesen werden. Studienanfänger müssen sowohl in den motorischen Fertigkeiten unterrichtet werden als auch ihre Selbstbewertungsfähigkeit trainieren. Mit dem Einsatz von CAD/CAM-Technologie kann der Lernerfolg der Studierenden bei der Präparation erheblich verbessert und somit der klinische Alltag effizienter gestaltet werden.
... Thus, they have a prominent role for changing emotive reactions. In this context, Huchendorf [40] found that color can increase an individual's arousal and memory. Also, numerous shinning or strongly colors influence living beings' moods positively, while gray and dark brown are related with sadness and usually remind for sickness, and death [43]. ...
... These findings suggest that educators using different colors to distinguish test versions will ISSN: 2548-7728 VOL 1, NO 1 NOVEMBER 2016 not negatively impact students' performance, but that the color of study materials will affect the amount retained. Huchendorf (2007) examined whether color has an effect on memory. Participants were 115 college undergraduates enrolled in an introductory psychology course. ...
This study intends to describe a cause effect relationship between independent variables, wordsprinted in cool color and words printed in warm color on the dependent variable, word retention. Thisstudy was conducted at second graders of MIPA at SMA Negeri 1 Tomohon in the academic year2015/2016 and the sample were 60 students randomly chosen from 179 students in all of 5 parallelclasses to represent the population that using random sampling technique. The second grade of MIPAdepartment consisted of 5 parallel classes with 179 students in all and 36 per class on the average.It is a quantitative research, the data are in form of test scores, and analyzed using the statisticaltechnique (t-test), the results of statistical testing or analysis confirm that both the hypotheses dealingimmediate is rejected which means that the alternative hypothesis is accepted, because at p (or α)=.05 and df = 62, the t (observed) is larger than the t (critical) or 3.023 ≥ 2.000. Similarly, the null hypothesisdealing with delayed retention was also rejected, because at p (or α) =.05 and df = 62, the t (observed)is larger than the t (critical) or 4.062 ≥ 2.000. In both immediate and delayed retentions, the subjects incool color group outperformed those in warm color group. Based on this result, it can be concludedthat words printed in cool color with white background more significantly affect students’ immediateretention than words printed in warm color with the same color background also similarly withimmediate retention, it can be concluded that words printed in cool color with white backgroundmore significantly affect students’ delayed retention than words printed in warm color with the samecolor background. Based on the conclusion, it is suggested for English teachers to make maximaluse of colors to help their students memorize new words in English. In addition, the informationprovided by this study is also important for textbook writers and teaching aid providers. Therefore,it is necessary that they make their textbooks and teaching aids colorful in order the students areinterested in reading their textbooks and looking at the teaching aids used.Keywords: impact, color, student, immediate, delayed, retention, vocabulary
... 3 It was believed that a person's arousal may be affected by color, while the memory may be enhanced through arousal. 24,13 Hence, several studies in the past have explored the effects of color on memory, establishing that color has various effects such as an increase in memory recall, 28 memory recognition, 33 and memory retrieval. 32 However, it is remarkable that a hypothesis about color having an important role in human comprehension and, in effect, on thinking and human conduct 18 was put into question after a failure to replicate was reported about the color-priming effect on the solution of anagrams. ...
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the effects of chromotherapy on the cognitive ability of older adults.
Methods:
This quasi-experimental pretest and posttest study was conducted among 135 older adults in Ilocos Sur, Philippines, between August and September 2015. The participants were divided into three groups: red, green, and white lights, with 45 people in each group. The cognitive ability of older adults was measured using an adapted Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE).
Results:
After the interventions, the red and green light experimental groups acquired a modest increase in cognitive ability scores against the comparison white light group (p < 0.001). However, the effects were not significantly different between the red and green lights postintervention (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:
The chromotherapy is effective in improving the cognitive ability of older adults. Specifically, the red and green lights are better than the white light in increasing the cognitive ability of older adults.
... Moreover, colour has also been found to increase a person's psychological state [17]. Kurt and Osueke show that colours indeed have an effect on whether people feel warm, cool, calm, invited, relaxed, or uninvited [21]. ...
Today, Human Computer Interaction is increasingly shifting from 'information worlds' towards 'experience worlds'. Still, much research of smart environment technologies focuses merely on functional aspects. This paper recognizes the relevance of smart environment technologies on emotional experiences. We developed a ubiquitous media technology in a smart kitchen environment to enhance the user's emotions: A touch and voice controlled Visual Atmosphere App (VAA) that can change kitchen ambience through different atmospheric themes by using visual projection on the kitchen surfaces and sound effects. In a quantitative and qualitative laboratory user study (N=30) we measured the impact of the VAA on the user's emotional state. Our findings show that this ubiquitous media technology in a smart environment can have a significant (p<0.05) effect on emotion enhancement. This result is even stronger if the smart environment fits the user's personal preferences. This study is a step towards emotional experiences caused by smart environment technologies to foster desired psychological states.
... For example, recent literature using coloured targets such as colourful sport clothes and footwear have shown the importance of colour in enhancing mood, emotions, and even behavior. In fact, colour has been found to enhance individual's arousal [34]. Wright [35] explained the effect of the electro-magnetic radiation of light on mood and behavior. ...
The purpose of this research was to assess how the motor learning skills in 7-years old soccer players can be improved by preventing an internal focus of attention via the use coloured shoes. We painted the classic black soccer shoes in six areas corresponding to six regions of the foot with which it is possible to interact with the ball. Thirty-four 7-years-old soccer players were randomized to two groups (Coloured n = 17 and Black, n = 17) to perform four basic football manoeuvres/tasks: reception (RECP), passing (PASS), ball management (MAGT), and shooting (SHOT). We found highly significant differences (P<0.001) in all four performance tests: mean(sd) RECP: 0.82(0.07) vs. 0.45(0.12); PASS: 0.85(0.07) vs. 0.47(0.09); MAGT: 0.91(0.09); SHOT: 1.00(1.00) vs. 0.44(0.16). Colored shoes appear to draw children’s attention away from body centered cues without explicit verbal communications. We propose that this cognitive adaptation enhanced the technical gesture by preventing the negative processes associated with action constraining when adopting an internal focus attention (perhaps by allowing the foot to adapt to surfaces and movements more naturally than conditions that promote a focus on the body movement). Consequently, this type of coloured footwear could be used during childhood to allow children to enhance the performance of basic football exercises through preventing action constraining and promoting intuitive (non-body centered) action knowledge.
... Research has shown that colours have effect on attention, memory, and recall. 40 The current colour scheme was arbitrarily chosen to indicate contrast between each of the levels of evidence. Feedback has included issues such as "colours are too feminine," and the intuitive association of lighter colours with low quality evidence versus darker colours with high quality evidence by users. ...
Background & aims:
Barriers to dissemination and engagement with evidence pose a threat to implementing evidence-based medicine. Understanding, retention and recall can be enhanced by visual presentation of information. The aim of this exploratory research was to develop and evaluate the accessibility and acceptability of visual summaries for presenting evidence syntheses with multiple exposures or outcomes to professional and lay audiences.
Methods:
'Evidence flowers' were developed as a visual method of presenting data from four case scenarios: two complex evidence syntheses with multiple outcomes, Cochrane reviews and clinical guidelines. Petals of evidence flowers were coloured according to the GRADE evidence rating system to display key findings and recommendations from the evidence summaries. Application of evidence flowers was observed during stakeholder workshops. Evaluation and feedback was conducted via questionnaires and informal interviews.
Results:
Feedback from stakeholders on the evidence flowers collected from workshops, questionnaires and interviews was encouraging and helpful for refining the design of the flowers. Comments were made on the content and design of the flowers, as well as the usability and potential for displaying different types of evidence.
Conclusions:
Evidence flowers are a novel and visually stimulating method for presenting research evidence from evidence syntheses with multiple exposures or outcomes, Cochrane reviews and clinical guidelines. To promote access and engagement with research evidence, evidence flowers may be used in conjunction with other evidence synthesis products, such as (lay) summaries, evidence inventories, rapid reviews and clinical guidelines. Additional research on potential adaptations and applications of the evidence flowers may further bridge the gap between research evidence and clinical practice.
... The staffs in the warm environment were less cheerful than the other office Dijkstra( 2006) -Warm colours like red, yellow, orange in an indoor place will arouse human feeling, while cool colours like blue and green will associate with relax and calm feeling -Wall colour cause people to verdict about that place. It affects the way people feel and behave Hidayetoglu et al.,(2011) -Warm colours were more attractive colours for participants, in the event that, the cool colours were more positive -They also realized that the females preferred brighter colours range for indoor corridors Huchendorf (2007) Warm colours could help people to remember Elliot and Maier (2014) Colour emotions, mood and behavior Each colour has a particular consequence on human feeling Kaya and Epps (2004) -Warm colours associate with aroused feeling and cool colours associate with calm and relaxation feeling -Most positive feeling by green colour Wexner (1954) -Warm colours associate with aroused feeling and cool colours associate with relaxation -Green colour is more related to the relaxation, comfortable and calm -Orange colour has the effect of upset, excitement and distress on human Jacob and Suess (1975) Red and yellow colour gets more discomposure feeling Mehrabian,(199) Cool colours associate with calm and relaxation Knez (2001) Colour effects mood Gifford (1988) Colour effects behavior Babin et. al. (2003) Wall colour in an indoor environment Colour on walls play the main role in people judgment in a place Dijkstra (2006) The green room, experienced less stress than the white room Willard et al. (2008) Colour is the most effective architectural environmental stimulus in an indoor place, Tsunetsugu et al. (2013) Greenery vs urban Forest views had more positive score on human feeling Ulrich (1984) Patients who were looked to the greenery were more influenced positively Myers (2006) Elderly, colour and health ...
The rapid urban spatial expansion and population growth in recent years has resulted in the development of numerous high-rise condominiums in Kuala Lumpur. Many of these buildings include general relaxation and recreational facilities for the occupants. However, the majority of these spaces are designed to cater for the basic needs of typical residents, with less attention to the expectations of the elderlies. As a result, elderlies residing in such condominiums predominantly prefer to stay in their flats, and this phenomenon can negatively impact their overall health and quality of life. While with an appropriate consideration of shared facilities this occurrence can be solved. In this study, cool colours in fifteen intensities were tested (10 minutes as the test duration for each intensity) on 64 elderly occupants in a 3m×2m test room based on the Quasi-experimental method to evaluate the impacts of cool colours as environmental stimulus in common indoor facilities of condominiums. The participants were the residents of two high-rise condominiums in Kuala Lumpur, and they were all above 60 years old. Their blood pressure, heart beat rate and skin temperature as dependent variables were measured by sphygmomanometer and infrared thermometer as two required instruments and analysed to evaluate their relationship with cool colours and time spent. There are three significant results: Firstly, the lightest intensity of blue-green and green colours have decreased dependent variables with strongest relationship. Secondly, violet has negative impacts by increasing dependent variables. And thirdly, green colour, in general, has decreased dependent variables with positive impact as environmental stimulus while lightest blue-green colour affects the dependents variable faster than the other intensities. Higher rate of dependent variables associated with arousing feeling, while lower rate of dependent variables associated with calm and relaxation feeling. The study concludes that particular cool colours embrace promising potentials to be taken into consideration during the design of indoor spaces, particularly for the elderlies, by architects and interior designers.
... Color has been found to increase a person's arousal (Huchendorf, 2007). They have a subterranean consequence on how people feel both psychologically and physically. ...
This research aims to discover the psychological effects of colors on individuals, using the students’ union complex in a university campus. This building was chosen due to its richness in color variances. The research method is survey, and questionnaires were drawn up and distributed to an even range of students, comprising both international and local students; undergraduate and graduate. Questionnaires have been collected and analyzed to find out the effects different colors had on students’ moods in different spaces of the students’ union complex. This research would contribute to understand more about colors and how they affect our feelings and therefore to make better decisions and increase the use of spaces when choosing colors for different spaces to suit the purpose for which they are designed.
... In fact colors are easy to grasp and could affect emotion arousal. Thus, it helps in understanding and memorizing information easily [23,24,25]. ...
Text steganography was never a threat until it has been manipulated by cyber criminals or terrorist for their own benefit. Secret messages sent through steganography with bad intent can cause harm and to the extent jeopardizing the security of a company or country. Thus, text steganalysis is critically needed for forensic investigation purposes due to the tremendous usage of digital media in accessing and disseminating information. Apparently, there has not been much research done on text steganalysis and mostly researches are based on statistical approach. The aim of the research is to propose a new text steganalysis technique in detecting format-based steganography using a simple and effective approach. This paper introduces a novel text steganalysis technique based on color coded text visualization. An encoding scheme for the text visualization is designed by analyzing text features with respect to colors to detect whitespace pattern. The aim here is to distinguish between natural and stegano text by color-coded visualization. Experiments show that the detection performance accuracy successfully reaches 96.67% with remarkably high precision and recall. This finding has proved that the text visualization technique is capable in detecting text steganography effectively by simply looking at the text visualization image. It is evidently shown that a simple text steganalysis technique is successfully discovered and it is feasible.
... The influence of color on memory has also been questioned in a study that compared the effect of cool colors, warm colors, and white on recall; the results showed that there was no significant statistical difference in recall, and it suggested further research to look into this aspect (Huchendorf, 2007). This is because it contradicted not only the research hypothesis but also the results of previous studies where color was thought to improve and facilitate memory (McConnohie, 1999;Spence et al., 2006). ...
What was childhood but an explosion of colours for our senses. Snow White’s red apple, Cinderella’s blue gown, the green grasshopper, Purple Octopus and amp; everything around is full of colours. The same rainbow by which we were awestruck, appeared after a fearful thunderstorm. It is the circle of life to chase the colours and wait for them too through the darkness.This paper is an exploration towards the depth of colours through the stages of childhood. A good number of colours have different effects on diverse age groups of children. Their choices of colours also depict the environment they are living in. Just for instance, when we choose our attire, we mostly consider the colours, tone, shades, and type of comfort to the variation of clothes to be worn, thus colour impacts our everyday life.In our activity-based participatory survey, conducted with children ranging from 6 to 12 years old with a given objective of filling up simple colouring worksheets to analyse their imaginations, behaviour, and perception towards different types of colours and their usage. The result of this survey shows a drastic change of preference of colours along with age. Colours of similar tone, with respect to their line and colour strokes, number of colours used, different proportions of combinations used by children changes with age. The changes depict the circumstances they are going through.Based on the comparative analysis, it is formulated in the paper that deals with colours used by kids with a distinct age group. Gradually, the choice and preference of colours and perspective changes. It is also observed that with the change of age, emotional and subjective preferences of colour also alter.KeywordsColourColour perceptionEmotionColour preferenceChildhood developmentCyclic development
The present stud y is an attempt to investigate the emotional responses to the eight colors (black, white, yellow, blue, red, green, orange, and violet) in terms of three emotional response systems (physiology, behavior, and psychology) on twenty volunteered young adults, both male and female in Qom –Iran. Experiments are undertaken in three different contexts measuring the participants’ reactions to colors via neuroimaging tests, color-emotion and color-word association questionnaires, and English language vocabulary tests to find out how the individuals react when exposed to different colors, especially in linguistic phase. The total results illustrated that students would benefit from colorful vocabularies over black and white ones; and the three colors blue, orange, and red over the other colors. Totally, color backgrounds and foregrounds function similarly. However, it was discovered that vocabularies were memorized in blue foreground. Recalling vocabularies in yellow and violet is better to be avoided. The findings of this research benefits students and teachers in teaching and learning vocabularies in educational settings. It also contributes to the literature on color psychology and neurology and more specifically, it provides literature on the effect of color on arousal and memory.
p>The built environment is important not only for its users and owners, but also for the community and society as a hole, and yet, construction is one of the most energy consuming, destructive, and moreover material consuming industries. Deficiencies with adaptability to meet changing needs in terms of sustainability in architecture can eventually cause needless costs, environmental pressure and dissatisfaction. The aim of this study is to explore whether the circular construction and sustainability of built environments is not only a matter of reducing environmental impacts and limiting the use of non-renewable resources, but it can be successfully used to enhance of environmental protection, social equity, and economic development of a facility. Furthermore, the study tries to understand whether we can use circularity principles not only for the building to be more sustainable and in line with circular economy principles, but also be used to enhance user performance, in this specific case the performance of student and academic staff. The study was applied to Polis University and its premises. Two survey formats were specifically designed to collect data on overall functionality and comfort of Polis University facilities, as well as data on academic staff and student self assessment performance. The study emphasizes the importance of the elements of sustainable built environment, and the care that designers and builders need to achieve what is called optimal comfort and functionality of each element, keeping in mind not only end users but also environmental, social and economical aspects as a fully accomplished sustainable architecture design.</p
У акцијском истраживању под називом „Седмица боја”учествовали су ученици Гимназије „Петар Кочић” у Новом Граду и Гимназије„Свети Сава” у Приједору, са циљем да личним искуством упознају боје, њиховозначење, те психолошко дјеловање на појединца и околину. На тај начин ученицикоригују туђе и властите предрасуде о бојама и повезују их са животнимискуством. Сваки учесник је водио истраживачки дневник у који је записиваоискуства током протеклог дана. Комбиновано је више метода рада попут методесарадничког тимског рада, методе подстицања групе, методе усмјерене надјеловање те пројектне методе рјешавања проблема. Закључци се своде нанедовољно познавање боја, али и неспремност и затвореност околине да прихватиразличитост и промјене. Истраживање је показало слику друштва, али и појединцакао његовог дијела. Школа треба да буде свјесна да је њен задатак развијањемишљења код младог човјека и да га само на такав начин може припремити забудући живот.
40 male college students exhibited greater grip strength in the presence of red visual stimulation than they did when exposed to green. Several confounding factors present in previous tests of the color-strength hypothesis were carefully controlled.
Judges selected from ISCC-NBS patches those colors which were most representative of red, yellow, green, and blue. These colors were presented for 1 min. each with GSR, heart rate, and respiration being recorded. There was a significant color effect on GSR but not on the other measures. Red was significantly more arousing than blue or yellow and green more than blue.
The authors compared emotional memory in younger (aged 18-32 years) and older (aged 59-84 years) adults. Previous researchers who investigated the emotionmemory relationship in younger adults consistently showed that emotional arousal enhances memory for central detail. The present authors' goal was to determine whether a similar effect could be found with older adults. Younger and older adults viewed a series of 12 slides, accompanied by a taped narrative, that showed emotionally arousing or neutral scenes in the middle phase (Slides 5-8). Participants then completed recognition tests that were scored for central detail, peripheral detail, and gist. The results indicated that, although younger adults showed higher performance than older adults did, both groups showed increased memory for central detail. In contrast, the authors found no such enhancement for peripheral detail or gist in either group. These results indicated that the arousal manipulation produced a similar effect on memory in younger and older adults. Furthermore, these results were consistent with the notion of poststimulus elaboration, which is the continued processing of central detail after the termination of an arousing event.
One hundred and forty undergraduate subjects, sitting in carrels having side panels painted either light blue, blue, pink, red, orange, white, brown, green, yellow, or gray were exposed to procedures designed to induce boredom. Subjects listened to a tape that repeated one of two words every 2 sec for 10 min. The results showed that self-reported arousal and evaluations of the environment were higher in the yellow condition than in the other color conditions. Response to boredom-induction procedures did not vary with color or saturation.
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The following abstract of this reprinted article originally appeared in PA, Vol 67:9071). Conducted 2 studies that investigated whether there was a systematic relationship between color and emotional response using 69 Ss (mostly undergraduates). In Exp I, Ss reacted to 3 colors—an intense yellow, a pastel blue-violet, and a cool green with a blue cast—shown in sequence. Ss in the 2nd study were shown a light blue-green, a dark mustard yellow, and a scarlet-vermillion. All Ss indicated their reactions by completing the Profile of Mood States. Results indicate that Ss responded with significant differences in patterns of emotions that depended on the color placed before them. For example, the blue-violet color was equated with sadness and fatigue, while the cool green hue aroused anger and a sense of confusion. Results are consistent with previous research that suggest that warm colors provoke active feelings, and cool colors are sedate. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)