The social, environmental, and technological imperatives of the 21st century pose significant challenges to today's supply chain management (SCM). The accompanying uncertainties regarding digitalization, sustainability, and supply disruptions raise the question of suitable future supply chain (SC) designs and operations. The five essays of the underlying dissertation address these issues and contribute to rethinking SCM by exploring and connecting digital innovation in SCM, future SC resilience management, and the transition to SC circularity. Valuable insights were derived by applying explorative case study research, systematic literature reviews, and foresight-oriented Delphi techniques. The results provide decision-makers with essential guidance in defining operational, strategic, and digital measures to navigate their SCs within the uncertain and complex environment of technological disruptions, increasing SC risks, and resource efficiency needs. The first research paper, „Potentials of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management: Long-term Judgments of an International Expert Panel“, explores blockchain technology's utilization in future SC operations and its potential to shape future SC designs. For this purpose, 15 long-term application scenarios are developed based on scientific and practitioner literature and preliminary expert interviews. To validate these projections, a two-round Delphi method is applied to gather the judgments of 108 experts from academia, industry, and politics/associations. The projections address current concerns in SCM, such as establishing trust and end-to-end transparency between SC partners, data protection, smart contract-enabled automation, efficiency in transactions, or risk management. In addition to the projections' probability of occurrence and impact on SCM, their implementation barriers are evaluated. The analysis reveals that blockchain technology is expected to emerge from its niche and become a constituent part of SC digitalization, since current technological obstacles such as high power consumption or transaction times will be resolved in the future. The most probable and significant effects of blockchain technology are attributed to the establishment of SC transparency and efficiency improvements in SCs. Counterintuitively, the study also finds that not all blockchain-related potentials are directly transferable to SCs, such as the technology's feature to enable transactions between untrusted parties. The study concludes with prospective insights into which SCM-specific barriers require further research and solutions to enable the technologies' large-scale application in SCM. Furthermore, it provides businesses with a validated starting point for their blockchain strategies. The second essay, „Industry 4.0 Technologies as Enablers of Collaboration in Circular Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review“, examines the capabilities of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies to enable and support collaboration in circular SCs. The research builds on two consecutive systematic literature reviews. The first review synthesizes research on SC collaboration and contextualizes the findings with circular economy-related publications. As a result, six relevant collaboration mechanisms for circular SCs are derived, which are presented in a newly developed „circular SC collaboration“ framework. The second review subsequently matches the framework's mechanisms with the potentials of I4.0 technologies, providing a holistic perspective on I4.0's power to enable collaboration in circular SCs. The review identifies information sharing as the most essential collaboration mechanism, as it builds the fundament for other mechanisms such as joint planning and decision-making or resource sharing. Furthermore, according to the review, current research mainly qualifies six technologies to enable collaboration in circular SCs, with the Internet of Things and blockchain technology being the most researched. By intersecting the different research streams, this study further derives three archetypes for I4.0-enabled circular SC collaboration, demonstrating the current „centers of gravity“ in research. For researchers, the study concludes with five actionable future research directions, and for practitioners, it offers valuable guidance on how to leverage I4.0 technologies to improve collaboration in their circular SCs. The third article, „Closing the Material Loop: How Digital Technologies Revolutionize Reverse Supply Chain Management“, connects thematically to the circular economy and I4.0 topics of the previous essay, but focuses on the operational processes in circularity-enabling reverse supply chain management (RSCM). It explores empirically how digitalization and I4.0 technologies could solve the challenges in RSCM and offer support in closing the material loop. Particular emphasis is thus placed on digital technologies' empowering potential for RSCM's three sub-processes: „product acquisition management“, „disassembly and diagnostics“, and „recovery operations“. The application of an explorative multiple case study approach comprising eight pioneering companies from different industries allows for real-life insights into the article's research question, and the results illustrate the advantages of digital solutions in reducing the uncertainties and complexities inherent in RSCM. The application of sensors and Internet of Things devices to products facilitates product acquisition management, since they enable forecasts on the timing and condition of product returns. Additionally, web-based collection platforms are found to increase visibility and return rates and reduce search costs, thereby enhancing efficiency in RSCM. Furthermore, diagnostic operations gain in accuracy and speed by applying machine learning-enhanced sorting software, and the performance in recovery operations is revealed to be improved, as Internet of Things application increases knowledge regarding a product's characteristics. Apart from these benefits, the empirical investigation identifies 16 RSCM-related barriers that may hinder the technologies' implementation. In summary, this research offers decision-makers a set of design features to shape their digitalization efforts in their reverse SCs. The fourth research paper, „The Future of Industry 4.0 and Supply Chain Resilience after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from a Delphi Study“, investigates how I4.0 solutions could strengthen supply chain resilience (SCRES), given the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. To explore the future role of I4.0 technologies in SCRES, the Delphi method is applied to test 13 application scenarios, for which development preliminary workshops, literature search, and practitioner interviews served as sources. In two rounds, 64 digitalization experts quantitatively and qualitatively assess the scenarios, which focus on 2030, in terms of their probability of occurrence, impact on SCRES, and desirability. The resulting scenario discussion unveils the applicability of I4.0 solutions to strengthen SCRES. In this context, visibility-enabling data collection technologies and remote working capabilities are the most likely and impactful measures for SCRES improvements by 2030. Additionally, artificial intelligence, cross-company data platforms, and digital SC twins are identified as beneficial in SCRES management. However, their application appears to be fragile by 2030, as the prerequisite of full end-to-end SC transparency is unlikely to be achieved by then. In general, the study's results imply that, despite the proven benefits of I4.0 technologies in SCRES management, the human factor remains essential in 2030. At the same time, the study provides suggestions for further actions, such as teaching the relevant digital skills, to ensure workforces' empowerment for digital SCRES management of the future. The fifth article, „Strengthening Supply Chain Resilience in a Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Europe during COVID-19“, complements the long-term research horizon of the fourth paper by exploring the most effective short- and medium-term measures to increase SCRES in a pandemic. Therefore, 41 experts from nine European companies are interviewed utilizing a multiple case study approach. The real-world insights allow for an extensive analysis of the companies' SC challenges caused by COVID-19 and their respective mitigation measures. The key finding is that standard resilience measures may be unable to solve the challenges associated with a pandemic. In consequence, ten propositions for effective SC risk management, with an explicit focus on pandemics, are derived. The case study highlights these propositions by categorizing them into the four SCRES levers „SC (re)-engineering“, „SC risk management culture“, „SC collaboration“, and „SC agility“. The observations illustrate that a rapid adjustment of internal performance objectives lays the essential foundation for effective SCM during a pandemic. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that joint vertical procurement with suppliers and close collaboration with governments are dominant to secure scarce supply. In the same context, strengthening single existing suppliers could be more promising to secure supply and enhance SCRES during a pandemic than multiple sourcing. While this study is of a qualitative nature, the derived propositions offer both future research directions for researchers and guidance to practitioners on strengthening their SCs in ongoing or future pandemics. An overview of this dissertation's underlying essays, including the applied research methods and posed research questions, is provided in Table A-1.