The Force of Symmetry

Re-directing Climate Change and Terrorism by Allying Classical with Quantum Neural Computing

Article

May 2017

Antonio Cassella

Before the turn of the 21st century, terrorism and climate change may cause the breakdown of civilization. The cause of this advancing upheaval is the disparity between scientific ascent and social descent. This paper explores the social values hidden in sacred texts and artistic masterpieces through a debatable view of an impaired capacity for renewing familiar reality in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as well as an impaired ability to preserve shared beliefs in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). The author posits that we will overcome the challenges unleashed by fundamentalism and global warming if we bolster the alliance of a) our quantum capacity for renovating shared knowledge with our classical ability to preserve it and of b) our appreciation of beauty with a humanistic use of science.

The Cunning of the Observable: Generalized Fourier Duality, the Hard Problem, and Natural Kinds of Psychopathology

Article

Jan 2013
BIOSYSTEMS

Donald Mender

This paper argues that all attempts employing exclusively ontological or epistemological constructs from metaphysics to solve the Hard Problem of consciousness and its attendant Explanatory Gap have failed. An alternative solution, harnessing isomorphisms between axiologically allied notions of risk and agency on one hand and quantum measurement operators on the other hand, is proposed. In order to broaden rigorously the applicability of these isomorphisms beyond canonically conjugate observables, i. e. with an aim of engaging the full phenomenal range of the Hard Problem and Explanatory Gap while leaving inviolate the apparent causal completeness of physics , an " isoqualitative " distortion gauge with " extrinsic " curvature is introduced. Potential relevance of this theoretical construct to the sentient brain ' s quasi-‐continuous " measurement " operations " in vivo " is demonstrated , and possible implications for a future " geometric " nosology of " deviant " consciousness are postulated .

A Heuristic View of the Neurobiological Correlates of Classical and Quantum Neural Computing from the Perspective of Autism

Article

Jun 2013

Antonio Cassella

Anomalies in the discourse of autistic individuals and in their performance in ambiguous situations suggest that quantum neural computing, or the second attention, is impaired in autism. When nonautistic individuals face a dilemma, quantum divergence-coherence a) suspends the legitimacy of relevant prototypical knowledge conserved through classical neural computing, or the first attention; b) launches the implicit self into opposite directions; and c) simulates the consequences of clashing variants in the working memory fed by cerebellar microcomplexes. Conversely, quantum convergence-decoherence selects a useful or amusing variant to reduce the consequences of blind trial-and-error in readjusting the knowledge stored in the long-term memory banks of the cerebral cortex. In this article, a view of the psychological roots of quantum coherence-decoherence, injuries detected in autopsied brains of infants and adults with autism, and the application of modern control theory to cerebellar-brainstem microcomplexes lead to a preliminary heuristics on the complementarity of classical and quantum computing in the nonautistic brain.

Properties of Fermion Spherical Harmonics

Article

Aug 2005

The Fermion Spherical harmonics [

Y_\ell^{m}(\theta,\phi)

for half-odd-integer

\ell

and m - presented in a previous paper] are shown to have the same eigenfunction properties as the well-known Boson Spherical Harmonics [

Y_\ell^{m}(\theta,\phi)

for integer

\ell

and m]. The Fermion functions are shown to differ from the Boson functions in so far as the ladder operators

M_+

(

M_-

) that ascend (descend) the sequence of harmonics over the values of m for a given value of

\ell

, do not produce the expected result {\em in just one case}: when the value of m changes from

\pm{1/2}

to

\mp{1/2}

; i.e. when m changes sign; in all other cases the ladder operators produce the usually expected result including anihilation when a ladder operator attempts to take m outside the range:

-\ell\le m\le +\ell

. The unexpected result in the one case does not invalidate this scalar coordinate representation of spin angular momentum, because the eigenfunction property is essential for a valid quantum mechanical state, whereas ladder operators relating states with different eigenvalues are not essential, and are in fact known only for a few physical systems; that this coordinate representation of spin angular momentum differs from the abstract theory of angular momentum in this respect, is simply an interesting curiosity. This new representation of spin angular momentum is expected to find application in the theoretical description of physical systems and experiments in which the spin-angular momentum (and associated magnetic moment) of a particle is oriented in space, since the orientation is specifiable by the spherical polar angles,

\theta

and

\phi

.

Comparative Studies of the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of the First Fullerene Derivative FD-C60 (Fullerenol) and Second Fullerene Derivate SD-C60 (3HFWC)

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2024

In order to maximally reduce the toxicity of fullerenol (the first derivative of C60, FD-C60), and increase its biomedical efficiency, the second derivative SD-C60 (3HFWC, Hyper-Harmonized Hydroxylated Fullerene Water Complex) was created. Several different methods were applied in the comparative characterization of FD-C60 and SD-C60 with the same OH groups in their core. FD-C60 as an individual structure was about 1.3 nm in size, while SD-C60 as an individual structure was 10–30 nm in size. Based on ten physicochemical methods and techniques, FD-C60 and SD-C60 were found to be two different substances in terms of size, structure, and physicochemical properties; FD-C60, at 100 °C, had endothermic characteristics, while SD-C60, at 133 °C, had exothermic characteristics; FD-C60 did not have water layers, while SD-C60 had water layers; the zeta potential of FD-C60 was −25.85 mV, while it was −43.29 mV for SD-C60. SD-C60 is a promising substance for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Baryonic Beta Dynamics: An Econophysical Model of Systematic Risk

Article

Jun 2019

James Ming Chen

Este artículo pretende la rehabilitación del modelo de valoración de activos financieros mediante la escisión de la beta, la unidad básica de riesgo sistemático, en componentes subatómicos (o “bariónicos”). Por analogía con la cromodinámica cuántica y otros aspectos del modelo estándar de la física de partículas, se bifurca la beta a ambos lados de los rendimientos medios y en distintos componentes que reflejan la volatilidad relativa y la correlación, así como en los efectos flujo de caja y tasa de descuento. La escisión del átomo del riesgo sistemático da respuesta a alguna de las más controvertidas anomalías (y puzles) in finanzas, tales como los rendimientos anómalos de las acciones de baja capitalización y de valor, la anomalía relativa a la baja volatilidad y el puzle de la prima de riesgo de las acciones.

The Meaning of the Ark of the Covenant through the Logos Heuristics

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2019

Antonio Cassella

By placing the Ark of the Covenant in the first Jewish Temple in the 10th century before the Common Era (BCE), King Solomon relieved Levite priests from carrying the Ark. Three centuries later, King Josiah of Judah asked the Levites to return that container to the Temple, implying that it was no longer there. The gold-plated Ark enclosed more than an unvarying law in the Decalogue and in the ‘obedience-classical-computing’ of the crystal Thummim sewed into the Ephod worn by Aaron, the first high priest. Aaron’s vest also contained the crystal Urim, or flexible variations between obedience and disobedience, in the quantum computing epitomized by the ‘tree-of-the-knowledge-of-good-and-evil’ (Genesis 2). Together, the Thummim and Urim crystals embody the Wisdom ascribed to nature’s Nature and to the Tree-of-Life. Solomon shared this Wisdom with the visiting Queen of Sheba. Although the Ark may have never followed Sheba’s return into Ethiopia, her mariners could have shared Solomon’s Wisdom with Greek, Hindu, Chinese, and Olmec sages. This hypothesis addresses the simultaneous rise in the 6th century BCE of the Logos posited by Heraclitus in Greek-Ionia; of Dharma in Hinduism, of the Buddhist-Sanskrit name “Tathāgatha”; of Social Intelligence in the meeting of Laozi with Kong-Fuzi in China; and, among the Mesoamerican Olmecs, of the legend about the bird-serpent that the Aztecs called later “Quetzal-coatl.” The power of the returning Quetzalcoatl to save humans and nonhuman species from obliteration matches the will of readers eager to catch the esoteric meaning of the vanished Ark.

The Psychological Roots of Creativity in Messages Left by Leonardo da Vinci, Giorgio Vasari, and a Neanderthal Troglodyte

Article

Aug 2016

Antonio Cassella

p>The perfect memory that informs our local autistic facet is insufficient to deal with the unforeseen change that challenges our nonlocal artistic facet. The loss of quantum nonlocality leads autistics to fail tests rooted in overcoming the less-than-perfect ambiguity that elicits our creativity. The psychological structure by which perfect memory and less-than-perfect creativity empower each other remains in darkness. This article broaches the hypothesis that Leonardo da Vinci envisioned the union of local perfection and nonlocal less-than-perfection, and that he hid his insight in the Adoration of the Magi. Leonardo’s knowledge - expressed here as the logos heuristic—guides a psychological interpretation of the smile of Mona Lisa; of the four avatars of the Vitruvian Man; of the recognition and location of Leonardo’s unknown painting Natività; of the exact location of his lost work, Battaglia di Anghiari; and of a 39,000-year-old abstract engraving in Gorham’s cave at Gibraltar. Logos can be used to single out local, nonlocal computing, and their alliance in pursuing a humanistic path to progress.</p

Empiric al Mediation of the Primary Mechanism Initiating Protein Conformation in Prion Propagation

Article

Full-text available

Abs tract Transmissible prion based spongiform encephalopathies propagate by conformational change of the prion's protein, PrP structure. An experimental design, relying on the utility of a new fundamental teleological action principle inherent in the topolo gical geometry of a covariant polarized Dirac vacuum putatively driving self-organization in all autopoietic complex living systems , is developed to elucidate the fundamental nature of this conformational change. Further, PrP propagation is considered a mechanical action that can be described by 'interactive computational modes' of 'topological switching' driven by incursive oscillations occurring in the bioenergetics of the prions physical chemistry when improperly coupled to the long-range coherence of the noetic action. The experimental apparatus, a multi-level interferometer , is designed to focus this noetic field in a manner that simulates the mechanism driving PrP conformation to pathological form.

Associative learning and behaviour: An algebraic search for psychological symmetries.

Chapter

Jan 2007

The Intrinsic Structure of the Quantities

Article

Peter Van Gaalen

At high school I wondered why differentiating acceleration gives velocity and why differentiating velocity gives distance and why differentiating the surface of a disc gives the circumference. There must be a deep relationship between all the quantities. And not until I studied biology I learned about complex num-bers. I became convinced that complex numbers must be very natural just like the number 'zero' and negative numbers are. A few years ago I read about hy-percomplex number systems like quaternions, octonions, Grassmann numbers en Clifford algebra. But which numbers systems are seen in nature and which ones are not? I became also convinced that nature and mathematics must be very close intertwined. The mathematics according to which physics is composed I will refere to as real mathematics. Ultimately physics will provide emperical input to confirm what the real mathematics is. Ofcourse we can use other kinds of math for different things, but real mathematics must be inherently true and in that sense be different from and limiting the other possible mathematical alge-bras. I believe that proportional imaginairy quantities are the key. They are the elements of the hypercomplex. The physical equations have their origin in and are limited by this intrinsic structure. How can we discover this intrinsic structure? Dimensionality In a quantity table cells next to each other differ by length and cells below each other differ by time (or velocity). We can make for example a kg 1 m x s y -table with energy, momentum, mass, power, force and pressure. Physical quantities can be brought back into at least 7 of such quantity tables. All quantities with 'charge' like mass and electric charge, although different dimensions, have something in common. I named it 'dimensionality ', which slightly extends the concept of 'dimension' used in dimensional analyses. I put all quantities with the same dimensionality together. In this way all physical quantities are merged into one table, the main quantity table, defined by only two arbitrary dimensionalities.

Fluctuating Asymmetry in Flies, What Does It Mean?

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2010

Athol J Mclachlan

The degree of departure from perfect symmetry in organisms, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), is seen in most populations of animals. It has particular impact on choice of mate which lies within the world of sexual selection. Here I consider a relatively little studied aspect of sexual selection, i.e. the effect of FA on contests between males for mates, based not on display ornament but rather on agility seen in the mating systems of many insects. The model organism considered is the ubiquitous chironomid midge. In these flies, mating takes place in the air, so symmetry in the length of wings bears directly on a male’s aerobatic ability on which successful mating depends. The role of parasites and predators in creating and responding to FA in the host/prey midge is considered.

Thoughts on Thinking Matter

Article

Jan 2003

James Alan Barham

The word design is commonly used to refer to either a process of conscious reflection and planning, or the product of this process. Either way, it is essentially connected with thinking. In the process sense, design connotes the particular end that a thinking agent has in mind. For instance, my design may be to build a better mousetrap. In this sense, design is both intentional (directed toward having more dead mice) and normative (more dead mice is good). In the product sense, design refers to a particular organization imposed on matter by the agent as the means to an end. In this example, the new arrangement I come up with is the means embodied in matter for the fulfillment of the end of more dead mice. In this sense, design is teleological (more dead mice is its goal). Like a number of problems in biology, design presents us with a chicken-and-egg sort of circularity. Mousetraps are designed by minds instantiated in brains, but brains themselves seem to be a lot like mousetraps. That is to say, to many, neurons seem to be arranged for the sake of thinking in much the same way that springs and levers in mousetraps are arranged for the sake of dead mice. But if that is so, then who or what designed brains? Perhaps human brains were designed by other minds somewhere else---say, in another galaxy or on another plane of being (this is the Intelligent Design position). But if these other minds are supposed to be instantiated in matter, then we have the same problem all over again. If not, then we are left with disembodied minds---which are even more mysterious than the embodied sort. To avoid both horns of this dilemma, a completely different approach is required.

Explicit Spin Coordinates

Article

Aug 2005

The recently established existence of spherical harmonic functions,

Y_\ell^{m}(\theta,\phi)

for half-odd-integer values of

\ell

and m, allows for the introduction into quantum chemistry of explicit electron spin-coordinates; i.e. spherical polar angles

\theta_s, \phi_s

, that specify the orientation of the spin angular momentum vector in space. In this coordinate representation the spin angular momentum operators,

S^2, S_z

, are represented by the usual differential operators in spherical polar coordinates (commonly used for

L^2, L_z

), and their electron-spin eigenfunctions are

\sqrt{\sin\theta_s} \exp(\pm\phi_s/2)

. This eigenfunction representation has the pedagogical advantage over the abstract spin eigenfunctions,

\alpha, \beta,

that ``integration over spin coordinates'' is a true integration (over the angles

\theta_s, \phi_s

). In addition they facilitate construction of many electron wavefunctions in which the electron spins are neither parallel nor antiparallel, but inclined at an intermediate angle. In particular this may have application to the description of EPR correlation experiments.

Symmetry. Chapter in Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Physics. Editor R. W. Batterman, OUP, 2013.

Chapter

Full-text available

Jul 2018

Sorin Bangu

Overview of philosophical issues related to symmetry in physics.

BIOLINGUISTICS: CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Article

Jan 2013

Lyle Jenkins

The study of the biology of human language, biolinguistics, has been fruitfully investigated over the last sixty years. Many important insights have been gained into the questions of what language is (mechanisms and functions), how language develops (growth of language), and how language evolves in the species. Principles of symmetry have often helped to unify areas of the natural sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology. The application of symmetry to the kinship system of the Warlpiri aborigines of Australia is examined to demonstrate how symmetry illuminates the intersection of language and other cognitive systems.

Which side are you on?

Article

Apr 2016

Vincent Icke

Vincent Icke paints a portrait of the bewildering cosmological constant.

Deriving the Manifestly Qualitative World from a Pure-Power Base: Light-like Networks

Article

Oct 2011

Sharon Ford

Seeking to derive the manifestly qualitative world of objects and entities without recourse to fundamental categoricity or qualitativity, l’offer an account of how higher-order categorical properties and objects may emerge from a pure-power base. l’explore the possibility of ‘fields’ whose fluctuations are force-carrying entities, differentiated with respect to a microtopology of curled-up spatial dimensions. Since the spacetime paths of gauge bosons have zero ‘spacetime interval’ and no time-like extension, l’argue that according them the status of fundamental entities would support a pure-power ontology. Such entities, circulating within self-sustaining microtopological ‘networks’, feasibly maintain definite spatial configurations of conserved physical quantities, including energy-momentum. Perceived as time-like and massy, and representing fermionic entities, they give rise to the manifest world.

Physics and Biology: Bio-plasma physics

Article

Full-text available

May 2000

The purpose of this paper is to show that plasma physics can be useful in the investigation of the physical properties of living cells. Concepts like charge neutrality, Debye length, and double layer are very useful to explain the electrical properties of a cellular membrane. It is hoped that examples of physics applications to biology can be useful in giving students of physics courses new motivations to study physics and to carry out interdisciplinary studies. This paper can be easily understood by students of physics courses with no previous knowledge of plasma physics or biology.

Where are the angles? Angular dependence (and independence) of orbitals and functions

Article

Jan 2005
INT J QUANTUM CHEM

Certain conditions under which a collection of atomic orbitals becomes angularly independent are considered. The results are applied to molecules of chemical interest. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005

Invariance, Symmetry And Rationality

Article

Mar 2000

Michael Kruse

Using recent work by Forster and Sober, I identify circumstances in which appeals to symmetries in physical laws are rational with respect to the aim of predictive accuracy. I then consider a Bayesian account of symmetry, and argue that such an account faces serious problems explaining when and why appeals to symmetry would be rational.

Particles, Space and Time

Article

Mar 1996

Vincent Icke

When an extraterrestrial or a child asks me what we have really learned about the nature of the Universe, I reply: our Universe consists of particles, space and time. Even for adult terrestrials, this does not seem to be too bad a summary, so I will use it as a starting point for a brief overview. I will try to show that this seemingly innocuous statement harbours a grave problem, in the following sense: the theory of particles (called somewhat preemptively the Standard Model) and the theory of space and time (General Relativity, GRT) are extremely good in their own realm of application, the world of the very small and the very large, respectively. Taken together, however, we get a theory that does not conform in the least to the world as we know it.

The weak nuclear force, the chirality of atoms, and the origin of optically active molecules

Article

Jul 2009

Richard M. Pagni

Although chemical phenomena are primarily associated with electrons in atoms, ions, and molecules, the masses, charges, spins, and other properties of the nuclei in these species contribute significantly as well. Isotopes, for instance, have proven invaluable in chemistry, in particular the elucidation of reaction mechanisms. Elements with unstable nuclei, for example carbon-14 undergoing beta decay, have enriched chemistry and many other scientific disciplines. The nuclei of all elements have a much more subtle and largely unknown effect on chemical phenomena. All nuclei are innately chiral and, because electrons can penetrate nuclei, all atoms and molecules are likewise chiral. This article describes in considerable detail the discovery of chiral nuclei, how this unusual chirality may influence the chemical behavior of atoms and molecules, and how atomic chirality may have been responsible for the synthesis of optically active molecules in the pre-biotic world.

On the Angular Independence of Sets of Atomic Orbitals

Article

The conditions under which a set of atomic orbitals becomes angularly independent are investigated for both atomic and molecular systems. How these results can be applied to various molecules is considered.

Fermion Quasi-Spherical Harmonics

Article

Full-text available

Oct 1998
J Phys Math Gen

Spherical Harmonics,

Y_\ell^m(\theta,\phi)

, are derived and presented (in a Table) for half-odd-integer values of

\ell

and m. These functions are eigenfunctions of

L^2

and

L_z

written as differential operators in the spherical-polar angles,

\theta

and

\phi

. The Fermion Spherical Harmonics are a new, scalar and angular-coordinate-dependent representation of fermion spin angular momentum. They have

4\pi

symmetry in the angle

\phi

, and hence are not single-valued functions on the Euclidean unit sphere; they are double-valued functions on the sphere, or alternatively are interpreted as having a double-sphere as their domain. Comment: 16 pages, 2 Tables. Submitted to J.Phys.A

Markov Chain Modelling for Reliability Estimation of Engineering Systems at Different Scales - Some Considerations

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2007

K. Balaji Rao

The concepts of probability, statistics and stochastic theory are being successfully used in structural engineering. Markov Chain modelling is a simple stochastic process model that has found its application in both describing stochastic evolution of system and in system reliability estimation. The recent developments in Markov Chain Monte Carlo and the possible integration of Bayesian theory within Markov Chain theory have enhanced its application possibilities. However, the application possibility can be furthered to range over wider scales of application (perhaps from nano- to macro-) by considering the developments in Physics (in particular Quantum Physics). This paper tries to present the results of quantum physics that would help in interpretation of transition probability matrix. However, care has to be taken in the choice of densities in computing the transition probability matrix. The paper is based on available literature, and the aim is only to make an attempt to show how Markov Chain can be used to model systems at various scales.

The Force of Symmetry

Abstract

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The Force of Symmetry