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PREFERENCES OF FARMERS IN MAKING CHOICES ON HEALTH PROGRAMS WITH INSURANCE COMPONENTS
Abstract
(Abstract) Based on the local archive and author's case studies in addition to a sample survey this paper will review the historical development of the cooperative health insurance system and analyze the problems emerging in the ongoing experiment of reestablishing the cooperative systems. It is concluded that the cooperative insurance neither can effectively disperse risks among participants within a village or a township, nor can it undertake the function of poverty reduction. This is because the scale of the population within a village or a township is small while the organizational costs of the cooperative insurance are relatively high. A way out of such difficulties is to build an integrated social health insurance system for both urban and rural people in highly industrialized counties. For the rest of the rural areas it is already proved that both the farmers households and the government at different levels are willing to pay to the health programs designed for preventing the most vulnerable groups from specific diseases. Certainly, a more economic and feasible practice for poverty reduction purpose is to set up both government and non-government relief funds to assist the poor to have access to the basic health care services.
... Noteworthy here is Saich's (2011) claim that the dramatic rise in health care disparity between urban and rural areas is among the new inequalities that have arisen from financial decentralization, amongst other reforms. This is reinforced by a 1998 World Bank study which found that 22% of people in localities in high-income areas were covered by a co-operative medical facility, compared to just 1-3% in poorer areas ( Zhu 2001). ...
This chapter examines how the transition from state-socialist to market-based social orders in China and Vietnam has shaped social relations and institutional arrangements governing welfare and inequality and with it, welfare and inequality outcomes. It demonstrates how and why patterns of welfare and inequality in China and Vietnam are best understood in relation to these countries’ specific social histories, their specific paths of extrication from state-socialism, and to responses to marketization specific to each country. The chapter explores the effects of market transition on reproductive institutions (i.e., social welfare institutions), and the subsequent redevelopment of these in the context of rapidly if (spatially and temporally) unevenly developing market orders. What is striking about prevailing understandings of the Chinese and Vietnamese experiences is not that communist parties have overseen the most explosive market-based growth in human history, but rather that so many observers are surprised by it. For as the cases of China, Vietnam, all the other countries considered in this volume show, and a wealth of human history shows, market-based social orders are compatible with all manner of political institutions. Be that as it may, this chapter contends that China and Vietnam’s distinctive combination of political and economic institutions generates distinctive implications for patterns of domination, accumulation, and social reproduction. The chapter clarifies these points and explores how and why the regimes, similarities aside, also differ.
30 Years in the Countryside II: A Witness of Social and Economic Development in the Rural Areas of Fengyang, 1949-1983, Farmers’ Books Press (Xiangcun 30 Nian, (Xiaji): Fengyangxian Nongcun Sehhui Jingji Fazhan Shilu (1949-1983 nian), Nongcun Duwu Chubanshe)
- Wang
Wang Gengyin et al., ed., 1989, 30 Years in the Countryside II: A Witness of Social and Economic Development in the Rural Areas of Fengyang, 1949-1983, Farmers’ Books Press (Xiangcun 30 Nian, (Xiaji): Fengyangxian Nongcun Sehhui Jingji Fazhan Shilu (1949-1983 nian), Nongcun Duwu Chubanshe), pp. 568-580, Beijing. Fieldstein, J. Paul, 1998, Health Economics, (Chinese version), Economic Science Publishing House (Jingjikexue Chubanshe), Beijing