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# Transmission Function of the Pre-Spectrometer and Systematic Tests of the Main-Spectrometer Wire Electrode (PHD thesis)

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Chapter
This chapter gives an overview of tritium $$\upbeta$$-decay experiments, introduces the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) which is targeted to measure the neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $$200\,\mathrm {meV/c^2}$$, and finally outlines the motivation of this thesis.
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New full-sky temperature and polarization maps based on seven years of data from WMAP are presented. The new results are consistent with previous results, but have improved due to reduced noise from the additional integration time, improved knowledge of the instrument performance, and improved data analysis procedures. The improvements are described in detail. The seven-year data set is well fit by a minimal six-parameter flat ΛCDM model. The parameters for this model, using the WMAP data in conjunction with baryon acoustic oscillation data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and priors on H 0 from Hubble Space Telescope observations, are Ω b h 2 = 0.02260 ± 0.00053, Ω c h 2 = 0.1123 ± 0.0035, ΩΛ = 0.728+0.015 –0.016, ns = 0.963 ± 0.012, τ = 0.087 ± 0.014, and σ8 = 0.809 ± 0.024 (68% CL uncertainties). The temperature power spectrum signal-to-noise ratio per multipole is greater that unity for multipoles ℓ 919, allowing a robust measurement of the third acoustic peak. This measurement results in improved constraints on the matter density, Ω m h 2 = 0.1334+0.0056 –0.0055, and the epoch of matter-radiation equality, z eq = 3196+134 –133, using WMAP data alone. The new WMAP data, when combined with smaller angular scale microwave background anisotropy data, result in a 3σ detection of the abundance of primordial helium, Y He = 0.326 ± 0.075. When combined with additional external data sets, the WMAP data also yield better determinations of the total mass of neutrinos, ∑m ν ≤ 0.58 eV(95%CL), and the effective number of neutrino species, N eff = 4.34+0.86 –0.88. The power-law index of the primordial power spectrum is now determined to be ns = 0.963 ± 0.012, excluding the Harrison-Zel'dovich-Peebles spectrum by >3σ. These new WMAP measurements provide important tests of big bang cosmology.
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5 pages, 3 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 14.60.Pq; 13.30.-a; 23.40.-s; 23.40.Bw.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000250620900070.-- ArXiv pre-print available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.0897 The exact relativistic form for the β decay endpoint spectrum is derived and presented in a simple factorized form. We show that our exact formula can be well approximated to yield the endpoint form used in the fit method of the KATRIN Collaboration. We also discuss the three-neutrino case and how information from neutrino oscillation experiments may be useful in analyzing future β decay endpoint experiments. This work was supported by Spanish grants FPA2005-01269 and the EC RTN network MRTN-CT-2004-503369. The work of J.S. is supported in part by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-FG-02-85ER 40231. S.N. was supported by the DOE Grant DE-FG02-97ER41029. Peer reviewed
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This book deals with neutrino physics and astrophysics - a field in which some of the most exciting recent developments in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology took place. The book discusses all the topics vital to the understanding of the nature of neutrinos such as what they are, how to describe them, how they behave in nature, and the roles that neutrinos play in shaping our universe. The book provides discussions, both experimental and theoretical, with relevant mathematical details, on neutrino oscillations, extra-terrestrial as well as terrestrial neutrinos and the relic neutrinos. It also discusses many implications of current experimental data on reactor, accelerator, atmospheric, solar, and supernova neutrinos with future perspectives. The book starts with an introduction to field theory and gauge theory, with helpful appendices, and it also provides pedagogical, but sufficiently detailed, reviews of supernova physics and cosmology, in particular the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.