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Phenotypic character gradient variation of Melia azedarach
Abstract
Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) was applied on the research data of five geographical-climatic factors and 18 phenotypic
characters of 729 trees of 24 populations of Melia azedarach distributed in China. The eigenvalue of the first canonical variable is 0.997 9 (significant at 0.01 level), accounting for
78% of all eigenvalues. A study on the principal component analysis (PCA) was done, taking the first canonical variable coordinate
values as the phenotypic character gradient axes (PCGA). The isogram of the PCGA was drawn out with 0.2 contours, which showed
a geographical model with a northeast-southwest variation trend of the phenotypic characters of M. azedarach. Meanwhile, the path analysis results show the direct and indirect effects of phenotypic characters with phenotypic character
gradient values, which prove that the propagative organs, are steadily changing.
... The phenotypic characteristics of Melia azedarach exhibited a pronounced northeastsouthwest directional difference. The length of the seeds gradually increased from south to north, while the width increased from east to west [40]. Geographic differences in the width, thickness, and weight of a hundred seeds in Magnolia officinalis showed a latitude gradient but were not statistically significant (Table 4) [41]. ...
Background
Capparis spinosa L. is a typical desert plant that is resistant to high temperatures and drought, and at the same time is rich in medicinal and food values. The objective of this study is to explore the variations in nutrient composition, morphological characteristics, and SDS-PAGE patterns of caper seeds from different provenances, aiming to provide insights for the selection of superior seed provenances.
Results
In this experiment, there were significant differences in the morphological characteristics and major nutritional components of caper seeds from different provenances. Seeds from the YKL (Karayagaqi Township, Yining County) and YKG (G218, KashiTown, Yining County) regions were larger in size compared to seeds from other regions. Among the four measured nutritional components, crude fat had the highest content, especially in the YKL and YKG region. The results of correlation analysis showed that crude fat was negatively correlated with soluble sugar and soluble protein but significantly positively correlated with starch content. As longitude increased from east to west, the morphological characteristics gradually increased. Based on the principal component analysis of all the parameters of the seeds, the eight provenances could be classified into three groups. HM (Hami), TGS (S202, Gaochang District, Turpan), HYW (Wubao Town, Yizhou District, Hami), TQQ (Qiquanhu Town, Turpan), and TLF (Turpan) were a group with higher soluble protein, soluble sugar, and water content. YKL and YKG were in one group, which had larger seed grains with high crude fat and starch content. AKS (Aksu) was in a separate group. The protein fractions from seeds of eight regions were extracted using Osborne fractionation method, it was found that glutelin content was the highest, while albumin content was the lowest. After these proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, the electrophoretic patterns showed that the protein molecular weights were relatively small, and there were differences in protein bands among different provenances.
Conclusion
According to the PCA results, the eight seed provenances could be divided into three groups. There were both geographically distant ones clustered into one group, and those close to each other were also divided into one group. There were differences in seed morphology, nutrient content and SDS-PAGE profiles among the different seed sources. This difference might be caused by a combination of geographic and climatic factors. In addition, YKL and YKG were roughly selected as good seed provenances, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of C. spinosa L. germplasm resources.
Based on the data of provenance test for 17 years in the whole natural distribution range of Larix olgensis, the geographic variation patterns were analyzed by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The results showed that the basic variation patterns of Larix olgensis, and it had the genetic character of rapid growth and long growing period. The synthetical interaction between water and heat factors mainly caused the variation of Larix olgensis, and among those factors, the temperature was the key factor. Among the genetic variation of geographic population characters, the variation of growth character was the most obvious, and it could be taken as the main character for provenance division. Allocating seeds from low equivalent latitude region to northern suitable afforestation areas (within 2 equivalent latitudes) would bring on great genetic gain.
Angiospermen, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur.
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Phenology division of Melia azedarach in China
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